How to inspire every child to be a lifelong reader | Alvin Irby

144,180 views ・ 2018-04-04

TED


请双击下面的英文字幕来播放视频。

翻译人员: Song Ye 校对人员: congmei Han
00:12
As an elementary school teacher,
0
12857
2111
作为一名小学教师,
00:14
my mom did everything she could to ensure I had good reading skills.
1
14992
4956
我母亲竭尽所能以确保 我有良好的阅读能力。
00:20
This usually consisted of weekend reading lessons at our kitchen table
2
20352
4466
她通常在周末时在餐桌前教我阅读,
00:24
while my friends played outside.
3
24842
2084
而此时我的朋友们在外玩耍。
00:26
My reading ability improved,
4
26950
2356
我的阅读能力提高了,
00:29
but these forced reading lessons didn't exactly inspire a love of reading.
5
29330
5730
但这种强迫式的阅读教学 并没有激发我对阅读的热爱。
00:35
High school changed everything.
6
35945
2395
到高中时,这一切改变了。
00:38
In 10th grade, my regular English class read short stories and did spelling tests.
7
38364
6222
在十年级时,我的常规英文课要求 阅读短篇故事和测试拼写。
00:45
Out of sheer boredom, I asked to be switched into another class.
8
45192
3416
因为感觉实在无聊, 我要求转去另一门课。
00:48
The next semester, I joined advanced English.
9
48632
3384
在下一个学期, 我加入了高阶英语课。
00:52
(Laughter)
10
52040
1532
(笑声)
00:53
We read two novels and wrote two book reports that semester.
11
53596
3812
那学期,我们要读两本小说 并写两篇读书报告。
00:57
The drastic difference and rigor between these two English classes
12
57975
3734
这两门英语课之间的 巨大差异和严格程度
01:01
angered me and spurred questions like,
13
61733
2675
让我很生气也引发了像这样的问题,
01:05
"Where did all these white people come from?"
14
65693
2123
“这些白人是从哪来的?”
01:07
(Laughter)
15
67840
1238
(笑声)
01:09
My high school was over 70 percent black and Latino,
16
69102
4003
黑裔和拉丁美洲裔学生 在我的高中占学生总数的70%,
01:13
but this advanced English class had white students everywhere.
17
73129
4510
但这门高阶英语课上遍布着白人学生
01:18
This personal encounter with institutionalized racism
18
78361
3697
这样的制度化种族主义的个人遭遇
01:22
altered my relationship with reading forever.
19
82082
2658
永久地改变了我与阅读的关系。
01:25
I learned that I couldn't depend on a school, a teacher or curriculum
20
85275
3845
我发现我不能依赖于一个学校, 一位老师或课程
01:29
to teach me what I needed to know.
21
89144
1944
来教我那些我需要知道的。
01:31
And more out of like, rebellion, than being intellectual,
22
91495
4085
主要因为叛逆,而非理智,
01:35
I decided I would no longer allow other people to dictate
23
95604
3712
我决定我再也不会让其他人来决定
01:39
when and what I read.
24
99340
1762
我应该在何时阅读以及阅读什么。
01:41
And without realizing it, I had stumbled upon a key
25
101650
3698
我已偶然发现了一把帮助孩子阅读的钥匙,
01:45
to helping children read.
26
105372
1667
虽然我当时并没有意识到这一点。
01:47
Identity.
27
107664
1150
那就是认同。
01:49
Instead of fixating on skills
28
109344
2922
不应只专注于技能
01:52
and moving students from one reading level to another,
29
112290
3482
和将学生从一个阅读级别 升到下一级,
01:55
or forcing struggling readers to memorize lists of unfamiliar words,
30
115796
5514
或逼迫阅读有困难的学生 去记忆不熟悉的字列,
02:01
we should be asking ourselves this question:
31
121334
3697
我们应当问我们自己这个问题:
02:05
How can we inspire children to identify as readers?
32
125055
4352
我们如何启发孩子们 认同自己是阅读者?
02:10
DeSean, a brilliant first-grader I taught in the Bronx,
33
130555
4466
迪翔,一位我在布朗克斯区教过的 聪明的一年级学生,
02:15
he helped me understand how identity shapes learning.
34
135045
3540
他帮助我懂得了 认同感如何塑造学习行为。
02:18
One day during math, I walk up to DeSean, and I say,
35
138609
3739
有一天在数学课上, 我走向迪翔,说,
02:22
"DeSean, you're a great mathematician."
36
142372
2936
”迪翔,你是个很棒的数学家。“
02:25
He looks at me and responds,
37
145332
2077
他看着我回答说,
02:27
"I'm not a mathematician, I'm a math genius!"
38
147433
2537
”我不是个数学家, 我是个数学天才!“
02:29
(Laughter)
39
149994
1261
(笑声)
02:31
OK DeSean, right?
40
151279
2364
好吧,迪翔,是吧?
02:34
Reading?
41
154234
1341
阅读呢?
02:35
Completely different story.
42
155599
1645
情形完全不同。
02:37
"Mr. Irby, I can't read.
43
157268
1600
他说:“尔比先生,我不会阅读。
02:39
I'm never going to learn to read," he would say.
44
159326
2405
我永远也学不会阅读。"
02:42
I taught DeSean to read,
45
162287
2679
我教会了迪翔去阅读,
02:44
but there are countless black boys who remain trapped in illiteracy.
46
164990
5301
但有无数黑人男孩们仍然是文盲。
02:50
According to the US Department of Education,
47
170754
2414
根据美国教育部统计,
02:53
more than 85 percent of black male fourth graders
48
173192
3986
超过85%的四年级黑人学生
02:57
are not proficient in reading.
49
177202
2000
不擅长阅读。
02:59
85 percent!
50
179643
1245
85%!
03:02
The more challenges to reading children face,
51
182760
4639
孩子们面对的阅读挑战越多,
03:07
the more culturally competent educators need to be.
52
187423
3048
教育者们所需要的文化能力越高。
03:11
Moonlighting as a stand-up comedian for the past eight years,
53
191406
3681
在过去八年兼职做喜剧演员时,
03:15
I understand the importance of cultural competency,
54
195111
2868
我了解到文化能力的重要性,
03:18
which I define as the ability to translate
55
198003
2947
我认为这种能力可以把
03:20
what you want someone else to know or be able to do
56
200974
4111
你想要别人知道或能够做到的,
03:25
into communication or experiences that they find relevant and engaging.
57
205109
5215
翻译成他们认为与之有关 且愿意参与的交流或体验。
03:30
Before going on stage, I assess an audience.
58
210771
2594
在上台之前,我会评估观众。
03:33
Are they white, are they Latino?
59
213865
2133
他们是白人?拉丁美洲人?
03:36
Are they old, young, professional, conservative?
60
216342
3333
他们年长、年轻、专业、还是保守?
03:40
Then I curate and modify my jokes
61
220468
2616
然后我会策划和修改我的笑话
03:43
based on what I think would generate the most laughter.
62
223108
2741
依据我对怎样能 引发更多笑声的考量。
03:46
While performing in a church, I could tell bar jokes.
63
226340
3600
我在教堂表演时可以说个酒吧笑话。
03:50
But that might not result in laughter.
64
230761
2144
但可能根本没人会笑。
03:52
(Laughter)
65
232929
1855
(笑声)
03:54
As a society, we're creating reading experiences for children
66
234808
5141
在社会环境中, 我们为孩子们创造阅读体验
03:59
that are the equivalent of telling bar jokes in a church.
67
239973
3111
就像是在教堂里讲酒吧笑话。
04:03
And then we wonder why so many children don't read.
68
243694
2698
然后我们纳闷 为什么这么多孩子不阅读。
04:07
Educator and philosopher Paulo Freire
69
247430
2855
教育家兼哲学家保罗·弗莱雷
04:10
believed that teaching and learning should be two-way.
70
250309
3152
相信教和学应该是双向的。
04:13
Students shouldn't be viewed as empty buckets to be filled with facts
71
253485
4536
学生们不应被看作是 需要被填满事实的空桶,
04:18
but as cocreators of knowledge.
72
258045
2134
而应是知识的共同创作者。
04:21
Cookie-cutter curriculums and school policies
73
261908
3389
一刀切的课程和学校政策
04:25
that require students to sit statue-still
74
265321
3121
要求学生端坐
04:28
or to work in complete silence --
75
268466
2382
或保持安静——
04:30
these environments often exclude the individual learning needs,
76
270872
4982
这些环境通常抑制了 孩子们的个体学习需求、
04:35
the interest and expertise of children.
77
275878
2867
兴趣和专长。
04:39
Especially black boys.
78
279051
1777
尤其是黑人男孩们。
04:41
Many of the children's books promoted to black boys
79
281785
2997
很多给黑人男孩的儿童书籍
04:44
focus on serious topics, like slavery, civil rights and biographies.
80
284806
4733
都聚焦在诸如奴隶制、 公民权利和传记这样的严肃主题。
04:50
Less than two percent of teachers in the United States are black males.
81
290049
4005
黑人男性在美国教师中 占比不到2%。
04:54
And a majority of black boys are raised by single mothers.
82
294078
3673
大多数黑人男孩由单亲母亲抚养。
04:58
There are literally young black boys who have never seen a black man reading.
83
298323
4446
甚至还有黑人男孩 从来没见过一个黑人男性阅读。
05:04
Or never had a black man encourage him to read.
84
304458
3200
或从来没有被一个黑人男性 去鼓励阅读。
05:09
What cultural factors, what social cues are present
85
309610
5110
有什么文化因素、社会诱因
05:14
that would lead a young black boy to conclude
86
314744
2136
来使得一个黑人男孩觉得
05:16
that reading is even something he should do?
87
316904
2093
阅读是一件他应该做的事?
05:19
This is why I created Barbershop Books.
88
319952
2992
这是为什么我创立了理发店书籍 (Barbershop Books)。
05:24
It's a literacy nonprofit
89
324208
2540
这是一个扫盲的非营利组织
05:26
that creates child-friendly reading spaces in barber shops.
90
326772
4000
旨在理发店里 创造对孩子们友好的阅读空间。
05:31
The mission is simple:
91
331787
1620
使命很简单:
05:33
to help young black boys identify as readers.
92
333431
3067
就是帮助年少的黑人男孩 认同自己是阅读者。
05:37
Lots of black boys go to the barber shop once or twice a month.
93
337562
3698
很多黑人男孩每月去理发店一两次。
05:41
Some see their barbers more than they see their fathers.
94
341854
3539
有些孩子见到理发师的次数 比见到他们父亲的次数还多。
05:46
Barbershop Books connects reading to a male-centered space
95
346500
4099
理发店连接着阅读 和以男性为主导的空间
05:50
and involves black men and boys' early reading experiences.
96
350623
4026
并让黑人男性参与到 男孩早期阅读体验中。
05:55
This identity-based reading program
97
355511
2442
这个基于认同的阅读计划
05:57
uses a curated list of children's books recommended by black boys.
98
357977
3736
使用由黑人男孩推荐的 儿童书籍清单。
06:01
These are the books that they actually want to read.
99
361737
2807
这些是他们想要去读的书。
06:06
Scholastic's 2016 Kids and Family Report
100
366543
3862
学者出版社(Scholastic) 2016年的儿童与家庭报告
06:10
found that the number one thing children look for when choosing a book
101
370429
5674
发现孩子们在选书时首先会找
06:16
is a book that will make them laugh.
102
376127
2167
让他们发笑的书。
06:19
So if we're serious about helping black boys and other children to read
103
379198
5544
所以如果我们真要帮助 黑人男孩和其他孩子去主动阅读,
06:24
when it's not required,
104
384766
1921
而不是强迫阅读时,
06:26
we need to incorporate relevant male reading models
105
386711
2749
我们需要将相关的男性阅读模型
06:29
into early literacy
106
389484
1333
融入到早期识字学习中。
06:31
and exchange some of the children's books that adults love so much
107
391605
4636
有些儿童书籍成人们也非常喜欢
06:36
for funny, silly or even gross books, like "Gross Greg".
108
396265
4825
那些有趣、愚蠢、甚至恶心的书, 像《恶心的格雷》(Gross Greg)
06:41
(Laughter)
109
401114
4094
(笑声)
06:45
"You call them boogers. Greg calls them delicious little sugars."
110
405738
5063
”你称它为鼻屎。 格雷称它为美味的小糖。“
06:50
(Laughter)
111
410825
1293
(笑声)
06:52
That laugh, that positive reaction
112
412142
3944
那些笑声、正面的反应
06:56
or gross reaction some of you just had,
113
416110
2431
或你们有些人觉得恶心的反应,
06:58
(Laughter)
114
418565
1167
(笑声)
06:59
black boys deserve and desperately need more of that.
115
419756
4019
黑人男孩应该有,并迫切需要更多。
07:05
Dismantling the savage inequalities that plague American education
116
425082
4414
消除困扰着美国教育的野蛮不平等
需要我们创造阅读体验
07:09
requires us to create reading experiences
117
429520
3630
07:13
that inspire all children to say three words:
118
433174
3381
来激发所有孩子们说出这些词:
07:17
I'm a reader.
119
437501
1150
我是阅读者。
07:19
Thank you.
120
439175
1182
谢谢。
07:20
(Applause)
121
440381
5618
(掌声)
关于本网站

这个网站将向你介绍对学习英语有用的YouTube视频。你将看到来自世界各地的一流教师教授的英语课程。双击每个视频页面上显示的英文字幕,即可从那里播放视频。字幕会随着视频的播放而同步滚动。如果你有任何意见或要求,请使用此联系表与我们联系。

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7