A cleanse won't detox your body -- but here's what will | Body Stuff with Dr. Jen Gunter | TED

3,801,486 views ・ 2021-07-08

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00:00
Transcriber:
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"Should I do a cleanse?"
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翻译人员: Frank Xu 校对人员: Lipeng Chen
“我该做一次排毒吗?“
00:02
I hear people asking this question a lot.
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我经常听到人们问这个问题。
00:05
If you're hoping it will remove toxins from your body,
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如果你希望这能把毒素排出你的身体,
00:07
that's just not going to happen.
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那是不可能的。
00:09
(Music)
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(音乐)
00:10
[Body Stuff with Dr. Jen Gunter]
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[和珍·甘特医生学习人体知识]
00:13
Detoxes and cleanses are very popular.
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排毒和净化十分受欢迎。
00:16
They come in many forms,
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它们以很多种形式存在,
00:17
from charcoal-infused lemonades to detox teas,
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比如说从加碳柠檬水到排毒茶,
00:20
and they often have a hefty price tag.
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而且它们常常很昂贵。
00:23
The idea of cleansing isn't anything new --
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排毒这个理念并不是新鲜事——
00:25
it's been around for thousands of years.
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它已经存在了几千年了。
00:27
For centuries, medicine and religion were deeply intertwined,
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多个世纪以来,医学和宗教 两者深深交织在一起,
00:31
and there was a lot of focus on ridding the body
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让身体摆脱与坏的或失衡体液相关的 脏东西和疾病,
00:34
of impurities and sickness related to bad or imbalanced humors.
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曾受到过很多关注。
00:39
Bloodletting, purging, fasting --
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放血、催吐、节食——
00:41
they were all well-regarded treatments.
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它们都曾是广受好评的疗法。
00:44
Today, the wellness industry
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在当下,健康产业
00:46
has picked up on our desire to rid ourselves of things.
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已经嗅到了我们对摆脱某些东西的渴望。
00:49
They've taken the word "detox,"
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他们将“排毒”这个词,
00:51
the medical treatment for people with drug and alcohol addictions,
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这个用在帮助人们对药物和酒精上瘾的 医学疗法的词,
00:54
and used it to apply to market cleanses.
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应用在对排毒的市场推广上。
00:58
They make it sound like pouring liquid cleaner down plumbing,
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健康行业把它说得像往下水道里灌清洁剂一样,
01:01
getting rid of all the dirty stuff.
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把所有的脏东西都排掉。
01:03
But the reason that sounds right to us
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但是对我们来说看似有理的原因
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is it's a rooted in a lack of understanding
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其实是扎根在我们缺乏
01:07
of how our liver works.
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对自己肝脏运作的理解中。
01:09
The liver is located in our upper right abdomen.
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肝脏位于我们腹部的右上方。
01:12
It's somewhere around half the size of a football --
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它大概有半个橄榄球那么大——
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an American football --
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美式橄榄球——
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and weighs three pounds.
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而且重有 3 磅(1.36 千克)。
01:17
It does many, many jobs that keep our bodies running,
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它为保持我们身体的运行做很多很多工作,
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from assisting the immune system,
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从协助免疫系统,
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to creating proteins for blood clotting,
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到为血液凝结生产蛋白质,
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to sending out the cholesterol we need to produce hormones.
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再到放出我们产生荷尔蒙所需的胆固醇。
01:28
The liver is also a key organ for dealing with harmful substances.
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肝脏同时是对抗有害物质的一个重要器官。
01:33
You can think of it almost like a factory.
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你可以把它大概想象成一间工厂。
01:35
It takes nutrients from substances that we consume,
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它从我们摄取的物质中抽取营养,
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food, drinks, medicines,
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食品、饮料、药物、
01:39
breaks them down
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把它们分解
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so they can either be packaged in a way that's usable --
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来把它们以一种有用的方式改变——
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like cholesterol and protein, for instance --
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比如说合成胆固醇和蛋白质 --
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or removed as waste in the bile or via the kidneys,
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或者作为胆汁中的废物,或是通过肾脏,
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usually in the form of urine.
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通常以尿液的形式排出。
01:51
Let's look at what happens
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让我们来看看
01:52
when the liver encounters some specific substances.
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当肝脏遇到一些特定物质会发生什么。
01:55
What about alcohol?
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说说酒精怎么样?
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That’s a substance that’s fine in smaller, moderate amounts
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那是一种少量或中量无害的物质,
01:59
but becomes poisonous in excess.
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但是过量就会变得有毒性。
02:02
When we drink, alcohol passes through our liver,
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当我们喝酒时,酒精通过肝脏,
02:05
and the liver breaks it down in three steps.
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而肝脏用三步将它分解。
02:07
First, enzymes convert the alcohol to acetaldehyde,
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首先,酶把酒精转化为乙醛,
02:11
a substance that can damage cells over time.
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一种能随时间推移伤害细胞的物质。
02:14
But acetaldehyde is quickly converted into acetate,
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但是乙醛很快被转变为醋酸盐,
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a much more stable intermediate,
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一种更稳定的中间物质,
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before it breaks down into carbon dioxide and water.
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之后它被分解成二氧化碳和水。
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These are components our body can handle.
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这些是我们身体能应付的成分。
02:24
Now let's look at a popular cleanse --
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现在让我们来看看一种流行的排毒——
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cayenne, pepper, lemon juice drink,
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番椒、辣椒柠檬汁饮料,
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to help your liver flush toxins.
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用来帮助你的肝脏冲掉毒素。
02:31
You drink it, it gets digested,
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你把它喝下去,它被消化,
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nutrients get absorbed in the blood and arrive at the liver.
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营养素被吸收到血液里然后到达肝脏。
02:37
The liver processes these nutrients the same way it processes everything else.
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肝脏将这些营养素像它对其它所有东西一样进行处理。
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It packages whatever's useful that came from the lemon and the pepper
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它把柠檬和辣椒里任何有用的东西进行转变
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and disseminates it throughout the body.
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然后散布到全身。
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Whatever it can't use becomes waste.
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任何它用不了的都变成废料。
02:50
There's nothing particularly magical about mixing cayenne and lemon.
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把番椒和柠檬混起来没什么特别神奇的。
02:54
Doing a cleanse doesn't "clean the pipes,"
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做一次排毒并不会“疏通你的管道,”
02:57
and it doesn't make your liver work any better or faster.
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并且它不会让你的肝脏运作得更好或更快。
03:01
At best, you might lose a few pounds on a cleanse,
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最好情况下,你可能会在一次排毒时 减去几磅体重,
03:04
because you aren't eating much.
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因为你吃得不多。
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At worst, you could go into starvation mode.
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最糟,你可能会进入饥饿模式。
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You could throw off your electrolyte balance,
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你可能会失去你的电解质平衡,
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not to mention disrupt your intestinal flora and bowel function.
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更不用说扰乱你的肠道菌群和排便功能。
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Clearly, having a healthy liver is extremely important.
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明显的,拥有一个健康的肝脏是极度重要的。
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The best things you can do: don't smoke,
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你能做的最好的事:别吸烟,
03:19
eat a balanced diet, exercise regularly and get lots of sleep,
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均衡饮食,经常锻炼,并多睡觉,
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but there are some more liver specific things to do.
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但还有更多的一些和肝脏有关的事能做。
03:26
Don't consume too much alcohol,
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别喝太多酒,
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as it can cause a variety of problems over time,
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因为长期下来这能导致多种问题,
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from fatty liver disease to cirrhosis of the liver,
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从脂肪肝到肝硬化,
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to liver cancer.
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再到肝癌。
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Read the warning labels on medications
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读一读药物包装上的警告标签
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as some can damage your liver when you don't take them as directed.
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因为有些药在你不尊嘱服用的情况下 能伤害你的肝脏。
03:41
You've probably heard about hepatitis,
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你多半听说过肝炎,
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which can be caused by a viral infection of the liver
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它可以是由肝脏的病毒感染引起的,
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that can be very serious.
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而且能变得非常严重。
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Get the vaccine for hepatitis B, if you haven't already.
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如果你还没有的话,去打乙肝疫苗。
03:51
And if you're an adult who hasn't been screened for hepatitis C,
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而如果你是一个还没做过丙型肝炎的成年人,
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consider talking to your doctor about testing options,
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考虑去和你的医生讨论下检查选项,
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as too many people don't realize they have it.
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因为太多人意识不到自己得了丙型肝炎。
04:01
Finally, be careful with supplements and herbs,
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最后,对营养品和草药小心,
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particularly anything marketed as bodybuilding
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尤其是任何作为健美
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or a weight loss supplement,
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和减肥营养品推销的,
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as these are not nearly as well-regulated as you would think.
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因为这些并不像你想的那么收到管控。
04:12
20 percent of liver injury due to medication in the United States
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在美国百分之二十的因药肝脏损伤
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is actually caused by these kinds of supplements.
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实际上是由这些种类的营养品所致。
04:20
So talk to your doctor before you start them.
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所以在你开始使用前和你的医生谈谈。
04:24
So many things are sold to us as self-care,
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有太多东西被当作自我保健卖给我们,
04:27
and cleanses are no exception,
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而排毒也不例外,
04:29
but I believe the best self-care is just learning more about our bodies.
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但是我相信最好的自我保健 其实就是对我们的身体进行更多的学习。
04:35
That way, we can tune out all the noise
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那样,我们能过滤掉所有干扰
04:38
and make informed decisions on what we really need.
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并对我们的真正所需做出明智的决定。
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