Alessandra Orofino: It’s our city. Let’s fix it

Prevodilac: Stefan Zrnović Lektor: Mile Živković

Fifty-four percent of the world's population

54 procenta svetske populacije

lives in our cities.

živi u našim gradovima.

In developing countries,

U državama u razvoju,

one third of that population

jedna trećina te populacije

is living in slums.

živi u straćarama.

Seventy-five percent of global energy consumption

75 procenata korišćenja globalne energije

occurs in our cities,

dešava se u našim gradovima,

and 80 percent of gas emissions

i 80 procenata emisije gasova

that cause global warming

koji izazivaju globalno zagrevanje

come from our cities.

potiče iz naših gradova.

So things that you and I might think about

Stvari koje vi i ja možda vidimo

as global problems,

kao globalne probleme,

like climate change, the energy crisis

poput klimatskih promena, energetske krize

or poverty,

ili siromaštva,

are really, in many ways, city problems.

su u mnogim slučajevima gradski problemi.

They will not be solved

Neće biti rešeni

unless people who live in cities,

dok ljudi koji žive u gradovima,

like most of us,

poput većine nas,

actually start doing a better job,

zapravo ne počnu da rade bolje,

because right now, we are not doing a very good one.

jer upravo sada, ne obavljamo dobar posao.

And that becomes very clear

To postaje prilično jasno

when we look into three aspects of city life:

kada pogledamo tri aspekta gradskog života:

first, our citizens' willingness to engage

prvi, volja naših građana da se angažuju

with democratic institutions;

sa demokratskim institucijama;

second, our cities' ability to really include

drugo, mogućnost naših gradova da zapravo uključe

all of their residents;

sve svoje stanovnike;

and lastly, our own ability

i poslednji, naša sopstvena mogućnost

to live fulfilling and happy lives.

da živimo ispunjujuće i srećne živote.

When it comes to engagement,

Kada se radi u angažovanju,

the data is very clear.

podaci su veoma jasni.

Voter turnout around the world

Ishod glasanja širom sveta

peaked in the late '80s,

dostigao je vrh u kasnim 80-im

and it has been declining at a pace

i opada brzinom

that we have never seen before,

koju nikada ranije nismo videli,

and if those numbers are bad at the national level,

i ako su ti brojevi loši na nacionalnom nivou,

at the level of our cities,

na nivou naših gradova,

they are just dismal.

žalosni su.

In the last two years,

U poslednje dve godine,

two of the world's most consolidated,

dve od svetski najčvršće,

oldest democracies, the U.S. and France,

najstarije demokratije, Amerika i Francuska,

held nationwide municipal elections.

održale su opštinske izbore širom država.

In France, voter turnout hit a record low.

U Francuskoj, ishod glasanja dostigao je rekordno nizak nivo.

Almost 40 percent of voters decided

Skoro 40 procenata glasača je odlučilo

not to show up.

da ne izađe.

In the U.S., the numbers were even scarier.

U Sjedinjenim Državama, brojevi su još strašniji.

In some American cities,

U nekim američkim gradovima,

voter turnout was close to five percent.

ishod glasanja je bio blizu 5 procenata.

I'll let that sink in for a second.

Daću vam trenutak da shvatite to.

We're talking about democratic cities

Govorimo o demokratskim gradovima

in which 95 percent of people

u kojima je 95 procenata ljudi

decided that it was not important

odlučilo da nije važno

to elect their leaders.

izabrati svoje vođe.

The city of L.A., a city of four million people,

Los Anđeles, grad od četiri miliona ljudi

elected its mayor with just a bit over 200,000 votes.

izabrao je svog gradonačelnika sa malo iznad 200 000 glasova.

That was the lowest turnout the city had seen

To je bio najniži ishod glasanja koji je taj grad

in 100 years.

imao u 100 godina.

Right here, in my city of Rio,

Upravo ovde, u mom gradu Riu,

in spite of mandatory voting,

uprkos obaveznom glasanju,

almost 30 percent of the voting population

skoro 30 procenata glasačke populacije

chose to either annul their votes

izabralo je da poništi glasove

or stay home and pay a fine

ili ostane kod kuće i plati kaznu,

in the last mayoral elections.

na poslednjim opštinskim izborima.

When it comes to inclusiveness,

Kada se radi u inkluziji,

our cities are not the best cases of success either,

ni naši gradovi nisu najbolji primeri uspeha

and again, you don't need to look very far

i opet, ne treba da tražite toliko daleko

in order to find proof of that.

kako biste našli dokaz toga.

The city of Rio is incredibly unequal.

Grad Rio je neverovatno nejednak.

This is Leblon.

Ovo je Leblon.

Leblon is the city's richest neighborhood.

Leblon je najbogatije gradsko naselje.

And this is Complexo do Alemão.

A ovo je Komplekso do Alemao.

This is where over 70,000

Ovde živi preko 70 000

of the city's poorest residents live.

najsiromašnijih gradskih stanovnika.

Leblon has an HDI, a Human Development Index,

Leblon ima ILJR, indeks ljudskog razvoja,

of .967.

0,967.

That is higher than Norway, Switzerland

To je više od Norveške, Švajcarske

or Sweden.

ili Švedske.

Complexo do Alemão has an HDI of .711.

Komplekso do Alemao ima ILJR 0,711.

It sits somewhere in between the HDI

Nalazi se negde između ILJR-a

of Algeria and Gabon.

Alžira i Gabona.

So Rio, like so many cities across the global South,

Dakle Rio je, poput mnogih gradova širom juga planete,

is a place where you can go from northern Europe

mesto gde možete da idete od severne Evrope

to sub-Saharan Africa

do podsaharske Afrike

in the space of 30 minutes.

za vreme od 30 minuta.

If you drive, that is.

Ako vozite, naravno.

If you take public transit, it's about two hours.

Ako koristite javni prevoz, treba vam oko dva sata.

And lastly, perhaps most importantly,

I na kraju, iako najvažnije,

cities, with the incredible wealth

gradovi sa neverovatnim bogatstvom

of relations that they enable,

veza koje omogućavaju,

could be the ideal places for human happiness

mogli bi da budu idealna mesta za cvetanje

to flourish.

ljudske sreće.

We like being around people.

Volimo da budemo okruženi ljudima.

We are social animals.

Mi smo društvene životinje.

Instead, countries where urbanization

Umesto toga, države gde je urbanizacija

has already peaked seem to be the very countries

uveliko dostigla vrh su izgleda one države

in which cities have stopped making us happy.

u kojma su gradovi prestali da nas usrećuju.

The United States population has suffered

Stanovništvo Sjedinjenih Država je patilo

from a general decrease in happiness

od opšteg pada sreće

for the past three decades,

u poslednje tri decenije

and the main reason is this.

i ovo je glavni razlog.

The American way of building cities

Američki način građenja gradova

has caused good quality public spaces

je doveo do toga da kvalitetni javni prostori

to virtually disappear in many,

bukvalno nestanu u mnogim,

many American cities,

mnogim američkim gradovima,

and as a result, they have seen

i kao ishod, susreli su se

a decline of relations,

sa smanjenjem veza,

of the things that make us happy.

stvari koje nas čine srećnima.

Many studies show an increase

Mnoga istraživanja pokazuju porast

in solitude and a decrease in solidarity,

samoće i pad solidarnosti,

honesty, and social and civic participation.

iskrenosti i društvenog i građanskog učešća.

So how do we start building cities

Kako da počnemo da gradimo gradove

that make us care?

koji će učiniti da brinemo?

Cities that value their most important asset:

Gradovi koji vrednuju svoj najvažniji resurs:

the incredible diversity

neverovatnu raznolikost

of the people who live in them?

ljudi koji žive u njima?

Cities that make us happy?

Gradovi koji nas čine srećnim?

Well, I believe that if we want to change

Verujem da ako želimo da promenimo

what our cities look like,

izgled svojh gradova,

then we really have to change

onda zaista treba da promenimo

the decision-making processes

procese donošenja odluka

that have given us the results that we have right now.

koji su nam kao posledicu dali ovo što sada imamo.

We need a participation revolution,

Treba nam revolucija u učešću,

and we need it fast.

i to brzo.

The idea of voting as our only exercise in citizenship

Ideja glasanja kao naše jedine prakse u građanstvu

does not make sense anymore.

nema više smisla.

People are tired of only being treated

Ljudi su umorni od toga da se prema njima ophode

as empowered individuals every few years

kao pojedincima s moći u svojim rukama svakih nekoliko godina,

when it's time to delegate that power

kada je vreme da se delegira ta snaga

to someone else.

nekom drugom.

If the protests that swept Brazil

Ako su nas protesti koji su preokrenuli Brazil

in June 2013 have taught us anything,

u junu 2013. godine naučili nečemu,

it's that every time we try

onda je to da svaki put kad pokušamo

to exercise our power

da iskušamo svoju snagu

outside of an electoral context,

van glasačkog konteksta,

we are beaten up, humiliated or arrested.

budemo pretučeni, poniženi i zatočeni.

And this needs to change,

Ovo mora da se promeni,

because when it does,

jer kad se to uradi

not only will people re-engage

neće se samo ljudi iznova angažovati

with the structures of representation,

sa predstavničkim telima,

but also complement these structures

već će nadopuniti ta tela

with direct, effective, and collective decision making,

sa direktnim, efektnim i zajedničkim odlukama,

decision making of the kind

odlukama koje

that attacks inequality

napadaju nejednakost

by its very inclusive nature,

svojom inkluzivnom prirodom,

decision making of the kind

odlukama koje mogu

that can change our cities

da promene naše gradove

into better places for us to live.

u bolja mesta za život.

But there is a catch, obviously:

Ali tu postoji caka, očigledno:

Enabling widespread participation

omogućavanje širokog učešća

and redistributing power

i redistribucija snage

can be a logistical nightmare,

mogu biti logistička noćna mora,

and there's where technology can play

i ovde tehnologija može da igra

an incredibly helpful role,

neverovatno korisnu ulogu,

by making it easier for people to organize,

olakšavajući ljudima da se organizuju,

communicate and make decisions

komuniciraju i donose odluke

without having to be in the same room

a da ne budu prisutni u istoj sobi

at the same time.

u isto vreme.

Unfortunately for us,

Nažalost po nas,

when it comes to fostering democratic processes,

kada se radi o uspostavljanju demokratskih procesa,

our city governments have not used technology

naše gradske vlasti nisu iskoristile tehnologiju

to its full potential.

u svom punom potencijalu.

So far, most city governments have been effective

Do sada, mnoge gradske vlade bile su efikasne

at using tech to turn citizens into human sensors

u korišćenju tehnologije kako bi pretvorili građane u ljudske senzore

who serve authorities with data on the city:

koji služe vlastima za podatke o gradu:

potholes, fallen trees or broken lamps.

rupe na putu, palo drveće ili polomljena rasveta.

They have also, to a lesser extent,

Takođe su, u manjoj meri,

invited people to participate in improving

pozivali ljude da učestvuju u poboljšanju

the outcome of decisions

ishoda odluka

that were already made for them,

koje su već doneli za njih, poput moje majke koja mi je

just like my mom when I was eight

kada sam imala 8 godina

and she told me that I had a choice:

rekla da imam izbor:

I had to be in bed by 8 p.m.,

morala sam u 8 sati da budem u krevetu,

but I could choose my pink pajamas or my blue pajamas.

ali sam mogla da biram svoju roze ili plavu pidžamu.

That's not participation,

To nije učestvovanje,

and in fact, governments have not been very good

i vlasti zapravo nisu bile baš uspešne

at using technology to enable participation

u korišćenju tehnologije kako bi omogućili učešće

on what matters —

u onome što je značajno -

the way we allocate our budget,

način na koji mi koristimo svoj budžet,

the way we occupy our land,

zaposedamo svoju zemlju

and the way we manage our natural resources.

i način na koji koristimo svoje prirodne izvore.

Those are the kinds of decisions

To su odluke

that can actually impact global problems

koje mogu uticati na globalne probleme

that manifest themselves in our cities.

koji se manifestuju u našim gradovima.

The good news is,

Dobre vesti su,

and I do have good news to share with you,

a imam dobre vesti da podelim sa vama,

we don't need to wait for governments to do this.

da ne treba da čekamo vlasti da to učine.

I have reason to believe

Imam razlog da verujem

that it's possible for citizens to build

da je moguće da građani grade

their own structures of participation.

sopstveni princip učešća.

Three years ago, I cofounded an organization

Pre tri godine, suosnovala sam organizaciju

called Meu Rio,

pod imenom: "Meu Rio"

and we make it easier for people in the city of Rio

i mi olakšavamo ljudima u Riu

to organize around causes and places

da se organizuju oko uzroka i mesta

that they care about in their own city,

do kojih im je stalo u njihovom gradu,

and have an impact on those causes and places

i imaju uticaj na te uzroke i mesta

every day.

svaki dan.

In these past three years, Meu Rio grew

U ove poslednje tri godine, Meu Rio je izrastao

to a network of 160,000 citizens of Rio.

u mrežu od 160 000 građana Ria.

About 40 percent of those members are young people

Oko 40 procenata tih članova su mladi ljudi

aged 20 to 29.

od 20 do 29 godina starosti.

That is one in every 15 young people

To je jedna na svakih 15 mladih osoba

of that age in Rio today.

tih godina danas u Riu.

Amongst our members is this adorable little girl,

Među mašim članovima je ova predivna devojčica

Bia, to your right,

Bia, sa vaše desne strane,

and Bia was just 11 years old

i Bia je imala samo 11 godina

when she started a campaign using one of our tools

kada je započela kampanju koristeći jedan od naših alata

to save her model public school from demolition.

za očuvanje svoje škole od uništenja.

Her school actually ranks among the best

Njena škola je rangirana među najboljim

public schools in the country,

javnim školama u zemlji,

and it was going to be demolished

i trebalo je da je sruši

by the Rio de Janeiro state government

državna vlast Rio de Žaneira

to build, I kid you not,

da bi izgradila, ne šalim se,

a parking lot for the World Cup

parking mesta za Svetsko prvenstvo

right before the event happened.

baš pred početak događaja.

Bia started a campaign, and we even watched

Bia je počela kampanju, a mi smo čak posmatrali

her school 24/7 through webcam monitoring,

njenu školu kroz neprekidni video nadzor,

and many months afterwards,

i mnogo meseci kasnije,

the government changed their minds.

vlast se ipak predomislila.

Bia's school stayed in place.

Bijina škola je ostala na mestu.

There's also Jovita.

Ovo je Žovita.

She's an amazing woman whose daughter

Ona je čudesna žena čija je ćerka

went missing about 10 years ago,

nestala pre oko 10 godina,

and since then, she has been looking

i od tada traži

for her daughter.

svoju ćerku.

In that process, she found out

U tom procesu, otkrila je

that first, she was not alone.

da od početka nije bila sama.

In the last year alone, 2013,

Samo u poslednjoj, 2013. godini,

6,000 people disappeared

6000 ljudi je nestalo

in the state of Rio.

u državi Rio.

But she also found out that in spite of that,

Otkrila je da uprkos tome,

Rio had no centralized intelligence system

Rio nema centralizovan sistem informacija

for solving missing persons cases.

za rešavanje slučajeva nestalih lica.

In other Brazilian cities, those systems

U drugim brazilskim gradovima, ti sistemi

have helped solve up to 80 percent

su pomogli rešavanje do 80%

of missing persons cases.

slučajeva nestalih lica.

She started a campaign,

Počela je kampanju,

and after the secretary of security got 16,000 emails

i nakon što je sekretar obezbeđenja dobio 16 000 imejlova

from people asking him to do this,

od ljudi sa zahtevom da ovo uradi,

he responded, and started to build a police unit

odgovorio je i počeo da gradi policijsku stanicu

specializing in those cases.

koja je specijalizovana za takve slučajeve.

It was open to the public at the end of last month,

Otvorena je za javnost krajem prošlog meseca

and Jovita was there

i Žovita je bila tamo

giving interviews and being very fancy.

i davala intervjue i bila je veoma prefinjena.

And then, there is Leandro.

Zatim, tu je Leandro.

Leandro is an amazing guy

Leandro je sjajan momak

in a slum in Rio,

iz straćara Rija,

and he created a recycling project in the slum.

i napravio je projekat recikliranja u straćarama.

At the end of last year, December 16,

Krajem prošle godine, 16. decembra,

he received an eviction order

primio je naredbu za iseljenje

by the Rio de Janeiro state government

od vlade Rio de Žaneira,

giving him two weeks to leave the space

koja mu je dala dve nedelje da napusti mesto

that he had been using for two years.

koje je koristio dve godine.

The plan was to hand it over to a developer,

Plan je bio da se uruči graditelju stambenih naselja

who planned to turn it into a construction site.

koji je planirao da se to mesto pretvori u gradillište.

Leandro started a campaign using one of our tools,

Leandro je započeo kampanju koristeći jedan od naših alata,

the Pressure Cooker,

"Ekspres lonac"

the same one that Bia and Jovita used,

isti onaj koji su Bia i Žovita koristili,

and the state government changed their minds

i vlasti su promenile mišljenje

before Christmas Eve.

pre Božića.

These stories make me happy,

Ove priče me čine srećnom,

but not just because they have happy endings.

ali ne zato što imaju srećne krajeve.

They make me happy because they are

Čine me srećnom jer su

happy beginnings.

srećni počeci.

The teacher and parent community at Bia's school

Zajednica profesora i roditelja u Bijinoj školi

is looking for other ways they could improve

traži ostale načine na koje mogu da unaprede

that space even further.

prostor još više.

Leandro has ambitious plans

Leandro ima ambiciozne planove

to take his model to other low-income communities in Rio,

da odnese svoj model do drugih siromašnih zajednica u Riu,

and Jovita is volunteering at the police unit

a Žovita volontira u policijskoj stanici

that she helped created.

koju je pomogla da se stvori.

Bia, Jovita and Leandro

Bia, Žovita i Leandro

are living examples of something

su živi primeri nečega

that citizens and city governments around the world

što građani i gradske vlasti širom sveta

need to know:

treba da znaju:

We are ready.

Spremni smo.

As citizens, we are ready

Kao građani smo spremni

to decide on our common destinies,

da odlučimo za svoje zajedničke sudbine

because we know that the way we distribute power

jer znamo da način na koji distribuiramo snagu

says a lot about how we actually value everyone,

govori mnogo više o tome kako zapravo vrednujemo sve ljude,

and because we know

i zato što znamo

that enabling and participating in local politics

da je omogućavanje i učešće u lokalnim politikama

is a sign that we truly care

znak da istinski brinemo

about our relations to one another,

o vezama jednih sa drugima,

and we are ready to do this

i spremni smo da uradimo ovo

in cities around the world right now.

u gradovima širom sveta upravo sada.

With the Our Cities network,

Sa mrežom naših gradova,

the Meu Rio team

tim "Meu Rio"

hopes to share what we have learned

se nada da će podeliti ono što smo naučili

with other people who want to create

sa ostalim ljudima koji žele da stvore

similar initiatives in their own cities.

slične inicijative u sopstvenim gradovima.

We have already started doing it in São Paulo

Uveliko su počeli da deluju u Sao Paolu

with incredible results,

sa neverovatnim rezultatima,

and want to take it to cities around the world

i žele da ih nastave u gradovima širom sveta

through a network of citizen-centric,

kroz mreže organizacija sa akcentom na građane

citizen-led organizations

i vođene građanima

that can inspire us,

koje nas inspirišu,

challenge us, and remind us to demand

izazivaju i podsećaju da zahtevamo

real participation in our city lives.

pravo učešće u svojim gradskim životima.

It is up to us

Na nama je

to decide whether we want schools

da odlučimo da li želimo škole

or parking lots,

ili parking mesta,

community-driven recycling projects

projekte za recikliranje vođene zajednicom

or construction sites,

ili gradilišta,

loneliness or solidarity, cars or buses,

samoću ili solidarnost, kola ili autobuse,

and it is our responsibility to do that now,

i naša odgovornost je da uradimo to sada,

for ourselves, for our families,

za sebe, za svoje porodice,

for the people who make our lives worth living,

za ljude koji čine naše živote vredne življenja,

and for the incredible creativity,

i za neverovatnu kreativnost,

beauty, and wonder that make our cities,

lepotu i čuda koja čine naše gradove,

in spite of all of their problems,

uprkos svim ovim problemima,

the greatest invention of our time.

najvećem izumom našeg vremena.

Obrigado. Thank you.

Obrigado. Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)