Alessandra Orofino: It’s our city. Let’s fix it

Translator: Klavdija Cernilogar Reviewer: Nika Kotnik

Fifty-four percent of the world's population

54 % svetovnega prebivalstva

lives in our cities.

živi v mestih.

In developing countries,

V državah v razvoju

one third of that population

tretjina teh ljudi

is living in slums.

živi v barakarskih naseljih.

Seventy-five percent of global energy consumption

75% globalne porabe energije

occurs in our cities,

se zgodi v mestih

and 80 percent of gas emissions

in 80% emisij plinov,

that cause global warming

ki povzročajo globalno segrevanje,

come from our cities.

prihaja iz mest.

So things that you and I might think about

Stvari, na katere gledamo

as global problems,

kot na globalne probleme,

like climate change, the energy crisis

denimo podnebne spremembe, energetska kriza,

or poverty,

revščina,

are really, in many ways, city problems.

so na nek način mestni problemi.

They will not be solved

Ne bomo jih rešili,

unless people who live in cities,

dokler ljudje, ki živijo v mestih,

like most of us,

kot večina nas,

actually start doing a better job,

ne bomo delovali bolje,

because right now, we are not doing a very good one.

kajti trenutno ne delamo dosti dobrega.

And that becomes very clear

To je zelo očitno,

when we look into three aspects of city life:

če vzamemo tri vidike mestnega življenja:

first, our citizens' willingness to engage

prvič, volja prebivalcev za udejstvovanje

with democratic institutions;

v demokratičnih institucijah;

second, our cities' ability to really include

drugič, sposobnost mest za vključevanje

all of their residents;

vseh prebivalcev;

and lastly, our own ability

in ne nazadnje, naša sposobnost

to live fulfilling and happy lives.

živeti polno in srečno življenje.

When it comes to engagement,

Kar se tiče udejstvovanja,

the data is very clear.

so podatki jasni.

Voter turnout around the world

Volilna udeležba po svetu

peaked in the late '80s,

je dosegla vrh v poznih 80. letih,

and it has been declining at a pace

od tedaj pa pada s hitrostjo,

that we have never seen before,

ki je doslej nismo poznali,

and if those numbers are bad at the national level,

in če so številke slabe na državni ravni,

at the level of our cities,

so na ravni mest

they are just dismal.

katastrofalne.

In the last two years,

V zadnjih dveh letih

two of the world's most consolidated,

sta dve najbolj trdni,

oldest democracies, the U.S. and France,

najstarejši demokraciji, ZDA in Francija,

held nationwide municipal elections.

imeli lokalne volitve.

In France, voter turnout hit a record low.

V Franciji je bila udeležba rekordno nizka.

Almost 40 percent of voters decided

Skoraj 40 odstotkov volivcev

not to show up.

je ostalo doma.

In the U.S., the numbers were even scarier.

V ZDA je bilo še huje.

In some American cities,

V nekaterih ameriških mestih

voter turnout was close to five percent.

je bila udeležba okoli 5-odstotna.

I'll let that sink in for a second.

Pomislite za trenutek.

We're talking about democratic cities

Govorimo o demokratičnih mestih,

in which 95 percent of people

kjer je 95 odstotkov ljudi menilo,

decided that it was not important

da ni pomembno,

to elect their leaders.

da izvolijo svoje voditelje.

The city of L.A., a city of four million people,

Los Angeles, s 4 milijoni prebivalcev,

elected its mayor with just a bit over 200,000 votes.

je župana izvolil z nekaj več kot 200.000 glasovi.

That was the lowest turnout the city had seen

To je najnižja udeležba v tem mestu

in 100 years.

v zadnjih sto letih.

Right here, in my city of Rio,

Tu v mojem mestu, v Riu,

in spite of mandatory voting,

je kljub obveznemu glasovanju,

almost 30 percent of the voting population

skoraj 30 odstotkov volivcev

chose to either annul their votes

oddalo neveljavne glasovnice

or stay home and pay a fine

ali ostalo doma in raje plačalo kazen

in the last mayoral elections.

na zadnjih volitvah za župana.

When it comes to inclusiveness,

Tudi kar se tiče vključevanja

our cities are not the best cases of success either,

naša mesta niso ravno zgled uspehov

and again, you don't need to look very far

in ni vam treba gledati daleč,

in order to find proof of that.

da bi našli dokaze.

The city of Rio is incredibly unequal.

Rio je neverjetno poln neenakosti.

This is Leblon.

To je Leblon.

Leblon is the city's richest neighborhood.

Je najbogatejša mestna četrt.

And this is Complexo do Alemão.

To je Complexo do Alemão.

This is where over 70,000

Tu živi preko 70.000

of the city's poorest residents live.

najrevnejših prebivalcev mesta.

Leblon has an HDI, a Human Development Index,

HDI (indeks človekovega razvoja)

of .967.

je v Leblonu 0.967.

That is higher than Norway, Switzerland

To je višje od Norveške, Švice

or Sweden.

ali Švedske.

Complexo do Alemão has an HDI of .711.

HDI v Complexo do Alemão je 0.711.

It sits somewhere in between the HDI

To ga umešča nekam med HDI

of Algeria and Gabon.

Alžirije in Gabona.

So Rio, like so many cities across the global South,

Kot mnoga druga mesta globalnega Juga

is a place where you can go from northern Europe

je Rio kraj, kjer lahko od severne Evrope

to sub-Saharan Africa

greste do podsaharske Afrike,

in the space of 30 minutes.

in to v pol ure.

If you drive, that is.

Če vozite, seveda.

If you take public transit, it's about two hours.

Z javnim prevozom traja kaki dve uri.

And lastly, perhaps most importantly,

In ne nazadnje, morda najpomembneje,

cities, with the incredible wealth

mesta z neverjetno količino

of relations that they enable,

odnosov, ki jih omogočajo,

could be the ideal places for human happiness

bi bila lahko idealen prostor

to flourish.

za človekovo srečo.

We like being around people.

Radi smo blizu drugih ljudi.

We are social animals.

Družabne živali smo.

Instead, countries where urbanization

Namesto tega so države, kjer je urbanizacija

has already peaked seem to be the very countries

dosegla višek, prav tiste,

in which cities have stopped making us happy.

v katerih nas mesta ne osrečujejo več.

The United States population has suffered

Prebivalstvo ZDA je občutilo

from a general decrease in happiness

splošen padec sreče

for the past three decades,

v zadnjih treh desetletjih,

and the main reason is this.

glavni razlog pa je tale:

The American way of building cities

ameriški način gradnje mest

has caused good quality public spaces

je kakovostne javne prostore

to virtually disappear in many,

v mnogih mestih

many American cities,

skoraj izničil,

and as a result, they have seen

zaradi tega pa je prišlo

a decline of relations,

do upada odnosov,

of the things that make us happy.

stvari, ki nas osrečujejo.

Many studies show an increase

Mnoge študije kažejo na rast

in solitude and a decrease in solidarity,

samote in upad solidarnosti,

honesty, and social and civic participation.

poštenja ter družbene in civilne participacije.

So how do we start building cities

Kako naj potem zgradimo mesta,

that make us care?

v katerih nam bo mar?

Cities that value their most important asset:

Mesta, ki vrednotijo svojo najpomembnejšo prednost:

the incredible diversity

neverjetno raznolikost

of the people who live in them?

ljudi, ki tam živijo?

Cities that make us happy?

Mesta, ki nas osrečujejo?

Well, I believe that if we want to change

Verjamem, da če hočemo spremeniti

what our cities look like,

izgled naših mest,

then we really have to change

moramo v resnici spremeniti

the decision-making processes

procese odločanja,

that have given us the results that we have right now.

ki so nas privedli v položaj, v katerem smo zdaj.

We need a participation revolution,

Potrebujemo revolucijo participacije,

and we need it fast.

in to hitro.

The idea of voting as our only exercise in citizenship

Volitve kot edini izraz državljanstva

does not make sense anymore.

nimajo več smisla.

People are tired of only being treated

Ljudem je dovolj, da so

as empowered individuals every few years

polnomočni posamezniki le vsakih par let,

when it's time to delegate that power

ko je treba moč dodeliti

to someone else.

nekomu drugemu.

If the protests that swept Brazil

Če so nas protesti junija 2013

in June 2013 have taught us anything,

v Braziliji česa naučili,

it's that every time we try

je sporočilo to, da nas bodo, kadarkoli skušamo

to exercise our power

uporabiti svojo moč

outside of an electoral context,

izven okvira volitev,

we are beaten up, humiliated or arrested.

pretepli, ponižali ali aretirali.

And this needs to change,

To se mora spremeniti,

because when it does,

kajti ko se bo,

not only will people re-engage

bodo ljudje spet sodelovali

with the structures of representation,

v predstavniških institucijah,

but also complement these structures

a jih bodo tudi oplemenitili

with direct, effective, and collective decision making,

z neposrednim, učinkovitim in kolektivnim odločanjem,

decision making of the kind

odločanjem,

that attacks inequality

ki napada neenakost,

by its very inclusive nature,

saj je vključujoče,

decision making of the kind

odločanje,

that can change our cities

ki spreminja naša mesta

into better places for us to live.

v boljši življenjski prostor.

But there is a catch, obviously:

Seveda obstaja tudi past:

Enabling widespread participation

široka participacija

and redistributing power

in prerazdelitev moči

can be a logistical nightmare,

sta lahko logistična nočna mora

and there's where technology can play

in tu lahko tehnologija igra

an incredibly helpful role,

neverjetno pomembno vlogo,

by making it easier for people to organize,

saj ljudem olajša organiziranje,

communicate and make decisions

komunikacijo in odločanje,

without having to be in the same room

ne da bi morali biti v istem prostoru

at the same time.

ob istem času.

Unfortunately for us,

Na žalost,

when it comes to fostering democratic processes,

ko gre za krepitev demokratičnih procesov,

our city governments have not used technology

mestne vlade ne uporabljajo tehnologije

to its full potential.

v vsem njenem potencialu.

So far, most city governments have been effective

Doslej večina mestnih oblasti učinkovito

at using tech to turn citizens into human sensors

uporablja tehnologijo za to, da ljudi spremeni v senzorje,

who serve authorities with data on the city:

ki služijo za zbiranje podatkov o mestu:

potholes, fallen trees or broken lamps.

luknje na cestah, padla drevesa, pokvarjene svetilke.

They have also, to a lesser extent,

V manjši meri so tudi

invited people to participate in improving

povabile ljudi k sodelovanju pri izboljšanju

the outcome of decisions

rezultatov odločitev,

that were already made for them,

ki so bile že sprejete,

just like my mom when I was eight

kot je meni pri osmih letih

and she told me that I had a choice:

mama dala izbiro:

I had to be in bed by 8 p.m.,

da sem v postelji ob osmih zvečer,

but I could choose my pink pajamas or my blue pajamas.

a lahko izberem roza ali modro pižamo.

That's not participation,

To ni participacija

and in fact, governments have not been very good

in vlade tehnologije ne uporabljajo dobro,

at using technology to enable participation

da bi omogočile participacijo

on what matters —

pri pomembnih temah:

the way we allocate our budget,

kako razporedimo proračun,

the way we occupy our land,

kako izkoristimo prostor,

and the way we manage our natural resources.

kako upravljamo z naravnimi viri.

Those are the kinds of decisions

To so odločitve,

that can actually impact global problems

ki vplivajo na globalne probleme,

that manifest themselves in our cities.

ki se odražajo v mestih.

The good news is,

Dobra novica je -

and I do have good news to share with you,

ja, imam dobro novico -

we don't need to wait for governments to do this.

da nam za to ni treba čakati na vlado.

I have reason to believe

Verjamem, da ljudje

that it's possible for citizens to build

lahko zgradimo

their own structures of participation.

svoje strukture za participacijo.

Three years ago, I cofounded an organization

Pred tremi leti sem ustanovila organizacijo,

called Meu Rio,

ki se imenuje Meu Rio (Moj Rio),

and we make it easier for people in the city of Rio

ki meščanom pomaga,

to organize around causes and places

da se združijo okrog ciljev in prostorov,

that they care about in their own city,

za katere jim je v mestu mar,

and have an impact on those causes and places

da imajo vpliv na cilje in prostore,

every day.

in to vsak dan.

In these past three years, Meu Rio grew

V treh letih je Meu Rio zrasla

to a network of 160,000 citizens of Rio.

v mrežo 160,000 prebivalcev mesta.

About 40 percent of those members are young people

Okoli 40 odstotkov je mladih

aged 20 to 29.

starih med 20 in 29 let.

That is one in every 15 young people

To je vsak petnajsti mlad človek

of that age in Rio today.

v današnjem Riu.

Amongst our members is this adorable little girl,

Tudi ta čudovita punčka je naša članica

Bia, to your right,

to je Bia, na desni,

and Bia was just 11 years old

imela je samo 11 let,

when she started a campaign using one of our tools

ko je sprožila kampanjo s pomočjo enega naših orodij,

to save her model public school from demolition.

da bi svojo šolo rešila pred rušitvijo.

Her school actually ranks among the best

Njena šola je med najboljšimi

public schools in the country,

javnimi šolami v državi,

and it was going to be demolished

a vlada države Rio de Janeiro

by the Rio de Janeiro state government

jo je hotela porušiti,

to build, I kid you not,

da bi, ne hecam se,

a parking lot for the World Cup

zgradila parkirišče za svetovno prvenstvo v nogometu,

right before the event happened.

tik preden se je to začelo.

Bia started a campaign, and we even watched

Bia je začela s kampanjo in njeno šolo smo opazovali

her school 24/7 through webcam monitoring,

24 ur na dan, preko sistema kamer,

and many months afterwards,

in mnogo mesecev kasneje

the government changed their minds.

si je vlada premislila.

Bia's school stayed in place.

Biina šola je ostala.

There's also Jovita.

Tole je Jovita.

She's an amazing woman whose daughter

Neverjetna ženska, katere hči

went missing about 10 years ago,

je pred desetimi leti izginila

and since then, she has been looking

in ona jo vse odtlej

for her daughter.

išče.

In that process, she found out

V tem času je ugotovila,

that first, she was not alone.

da, prvič, ni edina.

In the last year alone, 2013,

Samo v letu 2013

6,000 people disappeared

je v državi Rio

in the state of Rio.

izginilo 6000 ljudi.

But she also found out that in spite of that,

Ugotovila je tudi, da Rio kljub temu

Rio had no centralized intelligence system

nima centraliziranega sistema obveščanja

for solving missing persons cases.

za reševanje primerov izginotij.

In other Brazilian cities, those systems

V drugih brazilskih mestih taki sistemi

have helped solve up to 80 percent

pomagajo rešiti do 80 odstotkov

of missing persons cases.

primerov izginulih oseb.

She started a campaign,

Sprožila je kampanjo

and after the secretary of security got 16,000 emails

in ko je minister za varnost dobil 16,000 elektronskih pošt,

from people asking him to do this,

ki so zahtevale, naj kaj stori,

he responded, and started to build a police unit

se je odzval in začel sestavljati policijski oddelek,

specializing in those cases.

specializiran za take primere.

It was open to the public at the end of last month,

Javnosti so ga predstavili konec prejšnjega meseca

and Jovita was there

in Jovita je bila tam,

giving interviews and being very fancy.

dajala je intervjuje in bila vsa fina.

And then, there is Leandro.

Tole pa je Leandro.

Leandro is an amazing guy

Leandro je čudovit fant

in a slum in Rio,

iz barakarskega naselja v Riu,

and he created a recycling project in the slum.

ki je napravil projekt recikliranja.

At the end of last year, December 16,

Konec minulega leta, 16. decembra,

he received an eviction order

je od države Rio

by the Rio de Janeiro state government

dobil ukaz za izselitev,

giving him two weeks to leave the space

zato naj bi v dveh tednih izpraznil prostor,

that he had been using for two years.

kjer je živel dve leti.

The plan was to hand it over to a developer,

Prostor so hoteli oddati podjetju,

who planned to turn it into a construction site.

ki je želelo napraviti gradbišče.

Leandro started a campaign using one of our tools,

Leandro je sprožil kampanjo

the Pressure Cooker,

z našim "Loncem na pritisk".

the same one that Bia and Jovita used,

Zaradi istega orodja kot Bia in Jovita

and the state government changed their minds

je dosegel spremembo mnenja vlade

before Christmas Eve.

še pred božičem.

These stories make me happy,

Te zgodbe me veselijo,

but not just because they have happy endings.

a ne samo zato, ker imajo srečen konec.

They make me happy because they are

Veselijo me, ker so

happy beginnings.

srečni začetki.

The teacher and parent community at Bia's school

Skupnost učiteljev in staršev v Biini šoli

is looking for other ways they could improve

išče druge načine, kako

that space even further.

še izboljšati prostor.

Leandro has ambitious plans

Leandro ima ambiciozen načrt

to take his model to other low-income communities in Rio,

razširiti svoj model med drugimi revnimi skupnostmi v Riu,

and Jovita is volunteering at the police unit

Jovita pa je prostovoljka na policijskem oddelku,

that she helped created.

ki ga je pomagala ustanoviti.

Bia, Jovita and Leandro

Bia, Jovita in Leandro

are living examples of something

so živi primeri tega,

that citizens and city governments around the world

kar morajo ljudje in mestne oblasti

need to know:

po vsem svetu vedeti:

We are ready.

pripravljeni smo.

As citizens, we are ready

Kot državljani smo pripravljeni

to decide on our common destinies,

odločati o skupni usodi,

because we know that the way we distribute power

saj vemo da to, kako razporedimo moč,

says a lot about how we actually value everyone,

veliko pove o tem, kako vrednotimo druge,

and because we know

in ker vemo,

that enabling and participating in local politics

da je omogočanje in sodelovanje v lokalni upravi

is a sign that we truly care

znak, da nam je res mar

about our relations to one another,

za medsebojne odnose,

and we are ready to do this

in da smo to sedaj pripravljeni

in cities around the world right now.

storiti v mestih po svetu.

With the Our Cities network,

Z našo mrežo Naša mesta

the Meu Rio team

ekipa Meu Rio želi

hopes to share what we have learned

širiti to, kar smo se naučili,

with other people who want to create

z drugimi, ki hočejo

similar initiatives in their own cities.

podobne iniciative sprožiti v svojih mestih.

We have already started doing it in São Paulo

V São Paulu smo že začeli

with incredible results,

in imamo neverjetne rezultate,

and want to take it to cities around the world

želimo jih ponesti v svet

through a network of citizen-centric,

preko mreže organizacij,

citizen-led organizations

katerih jedro in vodstvo so državljani,

that can inspire us,

ki nas navdihujejo,

challenge us, and remind us to demand

izzivajo in opominjajo, naj zahtevamo

real participation in our city lives.

pravo participacijo v mestnem življenju.

It is up to us

Na nas je,

to decide whether we want schools

da se odločimo, ali hočemo imeti šole

or parking lots,

ali parkirišča,

community-driven recycling projects

projekte reciklaže v skupnosti

or construction sites,

ali gradbišča,

loneliness or solidarity, cars or buses,

samoto ali solidarnost, avtomobile ali avtobuse,

and it is our responsibility to do that now,

in naša odgovornost je, da to storimo zdaj,

for ourselves, for our families,

zase, za svoje družine,

for the people who make our lives worth living,

za ljudi, ki osmišljajo naše življenje,

and for the incredible creativity,

in za neverjetno ustvarjalnost,

beauty, and wonder that make our cities,

lepoto in čudovitost, zaradi katerih so naša mesta

in spite of all of their problems,

kljub vsem težavam

the greatest invention of our time.

največji izum našega časa.

Obrigado. Thank you.

Obrigada. Hvala.

(Applause)

(aplavz)