Alessandra Orofino: It’s our city. Let’s fix it

Prevoditelj: Ivan Stamenković Recezent: Senzos Osijek

Fifty-four percent of the world's population

Pedeset i četiri posto svjetske populacije

lives in our cities.

živi u našim gradovima.

In developing countries,

U zemljama u razvoju,

one third of that population

jedna trećine te populacije

is living in slums.

živi u slamovima.

Seventy-five percent of global energy consumption

Sedamdeset i pet posto potrošnje energije u svijetu

occurs in our cities,

javlja se u našim gradovima,

and 80 percent of gas emissions

i 80 posto emisije plinova

that cause global warming

koji uzrokuju globalno zatopljenje

come from our cities.

dolazi iz naših gradova.

So things that you and I might think about

Stvari koje vi i ja možda smatramo

as global problems,

globalnim problemima,

like climate change, the energy crisis

kao klimatske promjene, energetsku krizu

or poverty,

ili siromaštvo,

are really, in many ways, city problems.

su zapravo, na puno načina, gradski problemi.

They will not be solved

Oni neće biti riješeni

unless people who live in cities,

ako ljudi koji žive u gradovima,

like most of us,

kao većina nas,

actually start doing a better job,

ne počnu raditi bolji posao,

because right now, we are not doing a very good one.

jer sada, mi ne radimo tako dobar posao.

And that becomes very clear

I to postaje vrlo jasno

when we look into three aspects of city life:

kada pogledamo tri aspekta gradskog života:

first, our citizens' willingness to engage

prvo, volja građana da se uključe

with democratic institutions;

u demokratske institucije;

second, our cities' ability to really include

drugo,sposobnost naših gradova da zaista uključe

all of their residents;

sve svoje stanovnike;

and lastly, our own ability

i na kraju, vlastita mogućnost

to live fulfilling and happy lives.

življenja ispunjujućih i sretnih života.

When it comes to engagement,

Kada pričamo o uključivanju,

the data is very clear.

podatci su vrlo jasni.

Voter turnout around the world

Odziv glasača širom svijeta

peaked in the late '80s,

bio je na vrhuncu u kasnim 80.-ima,

and it has been declining at a pace

i od tada opada tempom

that we have never seen before,

koji do sada nismo vidjeli,

and if those numbers are bad at the national level,

i ako su te brojke loše na nacionalnoj razini,

at the level of our cities,

na razini gradova,

they are just dismal.

one su poražavajuće.

In the last two years,

U posljednje dvije godine,

two of the world's most consolidated,

dvije najkonsolidiranije,

oldest democracies, the U.S. and France,

najstarije demokracije svijeta, američka i francuska,

held nationwide municipal elections.

održale su gradske izbore u cijeloj naciji.

In France, voter turnout hit a record low.

U Francuskoj, odziv birača bio je rekordno nizak.

Almost 40 percent of voters decided

Gotovo 40 posto glasača odlučilo je

not to show up.

ne pojaviti se.

In the U.S., the numbers were even scarier.

U Americi, brojke su bile još strašnije.

In some American cities,

U nekim američkim gradovima,

voter turnout was close to five percent.

odziv birača bio je blizu pet posto.

I'll let that sink in for a second.

Neka vam taj podatak sjedne.

We're talking about democratic cities

Govorimo o demokratskim gradovima

in which 95 percent of people

gdje je 95 posto ljudi

decided that it was not important

odlučilo da nije važno

to elect their leaders.

odabrati svoje vođe.

The city of L.A., a city of four million people,

Grad L.A., sa četiri milijuna ljudi,

elected its mayor with just a bit over 200,000 votes.

odabrao je gradonačelnika sa 200000 glasova.

That was the lowest turnout the city had seen

To je najniži odaziv koji je grad vidio

in 100 years.

u posljednjih 100 godina.

Right here, in my city of Rio,

Ovdje, u mom gradu, Riu,

in spite of mandatory voting,

unatoč obveznom glasanju,

almost 30 percent of the voting population

gotovo 30 posto glasačke populacije

chose to either annul their votes

odlučilo je ili poništiti glasove

or stay home and pay a fine

ili ostati kod kuće i platiti kaznu

in the last mayoral elections.

u posljednjim izborima za gradonačelnike.

When it comes to inclusiveness,

Kada je u pitanju uključivost,

our cities are not the best cases of success either,

naši gradovi nisu najbolji primjeri uspjeha,

and again, you don't need to look very far

i ponovno, ne morate gledati daleko

in order to find proof of that.

kako bi pronašli dokaze za to.

The city of Rio is incredibly unequal.

Grad Rio je nevjerojatno nejednak.

This is Leblon.

Ovo je Leblon.

Leblon is the city's richest neighborhood.

Leblon je najbogatije naselje grada.

And this is Complexo do Alemão.

I ovo je Complexo do Alemao.

This is where over 70,000

Ovdje živi preko

of the city's poorest residents live.

70000 najsiromašnijih građana.

Leblon has an HDI, a Human Development Index,

Leblon ima ILJR, indeks ljudskog razvoja

of .967.

0.967.

That is higher than Norway, Switzerland

To je više od Norveške, Švicarske

or Sweden.

ili Švedske.

Complexo do Alemão has an HDI of .711.

Complexo do Alemao ima ILJR 0.711.

It sits somewhere in between the HDI

Sjedi negdje između ILJR

of Algeria and Gabon.

Alžira i Gabona.

So Rio, like so many cities across the global South,

Dakle Rio, kao mnogi drugi gradovi na globalnom Jugu,

is a place where you can go from northern Europe

je mjesto na kojem možete otići od sjeverne Europe,

to sub-Saharan Africa

do sub-Saharske Afrike

in the space of 30 minutes.

u razmaku od pola sata.

If you drive, that is.

Toliko je ako vozite.

If you take public transit, it's about two hours.

Ako idete javnim prijevozom, to je dva sata.

And lastly, perhaps most importantly,

I posljednje, možda i najvažnije,

cities, with the incredible wealth

gradovi, s ogromnim bogatstvom

of relations that they enable,

odnosa koje omogućuju,

could be the ideal places for human happiness

mogli bi biti idealna mjesta na kojima će ljudska sreća

to flourish.

procvjetati.

We like being around people.

Volimo biti među ljudima.

We are social animals.

Mi smo socijalne životinje.

Instead, countries where urbanization

Umjesto toga, zemlje gdje je urbanizacija

has already peaked seem to be the very countries

već dosegla vrhunac su zemlje

in which cities have stopped making us happy.

u kojima su nas gradovi prestali usrećivati.

The United States population has suffered

Populacija Sjedinjenih Američkih Država pati

from a general decrease in happiness

od generalnog smanjeja u sreći

for the past three decades,

u posljednja tri desetljeća,

and the main reason is this.

i glavni razlog je ovo.

The American way of building cities

Američki način izgradnje gradova

has caused good quality public spaces

prouzročio je da kvaitetni javni prostori

to virtually disappear in many,

doslovno nestaju u mnogim

many American cities,

američkim gradovima,

and as a result, they have seen

i kao rezultat, oni su vidjeli

a decline of relations,

pad odnosa,

of the things that make us happy.

stvari koje nas čine sretnima.

Many studies show an increase

Mnoge studije pokazuju povećanje

in solitude and a decrease in solidarity,

samoće i smanjenje u solidarnosti,

honesty, and social and civic participation.

iskrenosti, društvenom i građanskom sudjelovanju.

So how do we start building cities

Pa kako ćemo početi graditi gradove

that make us care?

koji čine da nam je stalo?

Cities that value their most important asset:

Gradovi koji cijene svoju najvažniju odliku:

the incredible diversity

nevjerojatnu raznolikost

of the people who live in them?

ljudi koji žive u njima?

Cities that make us happy?

Gradovi koji nas usrećuju?

Well, I believe that if we want to change

Pa, vjerujem da ako želimo promijeniti

what our cities look like,

kako naši gradovi izgledaju,

then we really have to change

moramo zaista promijeniti

the decision-making processes

proces donošenja odluka

that have given us the results that we have right now.

koji nam je dao rezultate koje imamo sada.

We need a participation revolution,

Trebamo revoluciju sudjelovanja,

and we need it fast.

i trebamo ju brzo.

The idea of voting as our only exercise in citizenship

Ideja glasovanja kao naše jedine vježbe građanstva

does not make sense anymore.

nema više smisla.

People are tired of only being treated

Ljudi su umorni od toga da ih se tretira

as empowered individuals every few years

kao osnažene individue svakih par godina

when it's time to delegate that power

kada treba tu moć dati

to someone else.

nekom drugom.

If the protests that swept Brazil

Ako su nas prosvjedi koji su se proširili Brazilom

in June 2013 have taught us anything,

u lipnju 2013. išta naučili,

it's that every time we try

to je da svaki put kad pokušamo

to exercise our power

prikazati svoju snagu

outside of an electoral context,

izvan izbornog konteksta,

we are beaten up, humiliated or arrested.

pretučeni smo, poniženi ili uhićeni.

And this needs to change,

I ovo se mora promijeniti,

because when it does,

jer kada se promijeni,

not only will people re-engage

ne samo da će se ljudi ponovno uključiti

with the structures of representation,

u strukturu reprezentacije,

but also complement these structures

ali i nadopuniti te strukture

with direct, effective, and collective decision making,

sa direktnim, efektivnim i kolektivnim donošenjem odluka,

decision making of the kind

donošenju odluka koje

that attacks inequality

napadaju nejednakosti

by its very inclusive nature,

svojom vrlo uključivom prirodom,

decision making of the kind

donošenje odluka koje

that can change our cities

mogu promijeniti naše gradove

into better places for us to live.

u bolja mjesta za život.

But there is a catch, obviously:

Ali tu je kvaka, očito:

Enabling widespread participation

Omogućujući široko sudjelovanje

and redistributing power

i redistribuirajući moć

can be a logistical nightmare,

možemo dobiti logističku noćnu moru,

and there's where technology can play

i tu tehnologija može igrati

an incredibly helpful role,

vrlo važnu ulogu,

by making it easier for people to organize,

pomažući ljudima da se organiziraju,

communicate and make decisions

komuniciraju i donose odluke

without having to be in the same room

bez da moraju biti u istoj sobi

at the same time.

u isto vrijeme.

Unfortunately for us,

Na našu nesreću,

when it comes to fostering democratic processes,

kada se radi o prihvaćanju demokratskog procesa,

our city governments have not used technology

naše vlade ne koriste

to its full potential.

puni potencijal te tehnologije.

So far, most city governments have been effective

Do sada, većina gradskih vlada bila je učinkovita

at using tech to turn citizens into human sensors

u korištenju tehnologije da pretvore građane u ljudske senzore

who serve authorities with data on the city:

koji pružaju podatke o gradu vlastima:

potholes, fallen trees or broken lamps.

rupe, srušeno drveće ili pokidane svjetiljke.

They have also, to a lesser extent,

Također, u manjoj mjeri,

invited people to participate in improving

pozivaju ljude da sudjeluju u poboljšanju

the outcome of decisions

ishoda odluka

that were already made for them,

koje su već napravljene za njih,

just like my mom when I was eight

kao moju majku kada sam imala osam

and she told me that I had a choice:

i ona mi je rekla da tada imam izbor:

I had to be in bed by 8 p.m.,

ili ću biti u krevetu do 8,

but I could choose my pink pajamas or my blue pajamas.

ali mogu birati između plave i roza pidžame.

That's not participation,

To nije sudjelovanje,

and in fact, governments have not been very good

i zapravo, vlade nisu bile dobre

at using technology to enable participation

u korištenju tehnologije da omoguće sudjelovanje

on what matters —

u stvarima koje su važne —

the way we allocate our budget,

kako alociraju budžet,

the way we occupy our land,

način na koji koristimo zemlju,

and the way we manage our natural resources.

i kako koristimo prirodne resurse.

Those are the kinds of decisions

Ovo su vrste odluka

that can actually impact global problems

koje zaista mogu utjecati na globalne probleme

that manifest themselves in our cities.

koji se manifestiraju u našim gradovima.

The good news is,

Dobre vijesti su,

and I do have good news to share with you,

i imam dobre vijesti za podijeliti,

we don't need to wait for governments to do this.

da ne moramo čekati vladu da ovo učini.

I have reason to believe

Imam razloga vjerovati

that it's possible for citizens to build

da je moguće da građani izgrade

their own structures of participation.

vlastite strukture sudjelovanja.

Three years ago, I cofounded an organization

Prije tri godine bila sam suosnivač organizacije

called Meu Rio,

imena Meu Rio, (Moj Rio)

and we make it easier for people in the city of Rio

i olakšali smo ljudima u Riu

to organize around causes and places

da se organiziraju oko stvari i mjesta

that they care about in their own city,

za koje su brinuli u svom gradu,

and have an impact on those causes and places

i da mogu utjecati na te stvari i mjesta

every day.

svakog dana.

In these past three years, Meu Rio grew

U posljednje tri godine, Meu Rio narastao je

to a network of 160,000 citizens of Rio.

u mrežu od 160000 građana Ria.

About 40 percent of those members are young people

40 posto tih članova su mladi ljudi

aged 20 to 29.

od 20 do 29 godina.

That is one in every 15 young people

To je jedan u svakih 15 mladih

of that age in Rio today.

tih godina u Riu danas.

Amongst our members is this adorable little girl,

Među našim članovima je i ova dražesna djevojčica,

Bia, to your right,

Bia, s vaše desne strane,

and Bia was just 11 years old

i Bia je imala samo 11 godina

when she started a campaign using one of our tools

kada je počela kampanju koristeći jedan od naših alata

to save her model public school from demolition.

kako bi spasila svoju javnu školu od rušenja.

Her school actually ranks among the best

Njena škola je među najboljim

public schools in the country,

javnim školama u zemlji

and it was going to be demolished

i trebala je biti srušena

by the Rio de Janeiro state government

od strane gradskih vlasti u Rio de Janeiru

to build, I kid you not,

kako bi izgradili, ne šalim se,

a parking lot for the World Cup

parking za Svjetsko prvenstvo

right before the event happened.

netom prije događaja.

Bia started a campaign, and we even watched

Bia je započela kampanju, i čak smo

her school 24/7 through webcam monitoring,

i nadzirali školu 24/7 putem web kamere

and many months afterwards,

i puno mjeseci nakon toga,

the government changed their minds.

vlada se predomislila.

Bia's school stayed in place.

Njena škola ostala je na mjestu.

There's also Jovita.

Tu je i Jovita.

She's an amazing woman whose daughter

Ona je zapanjujuća žena čija kćer

went missing about 10 years ago,

je nestala prije 10 godina,

and since then, she has been looking

i od tada, ona traži

for her daughter.

svoju kćer.

In that process, she found out

U tom procesu, otkrila je

that first, she was not alone.

da prvo, nije sama.

In the last year alone, 2013,

Samo u prošloj godini, 2013.,

6,000 people disappeared

6000 ljudi je nestalo

in the state of Rio.

u oblasti Ria.

But she also found out that in spite of that,

Ali je također otkrila da unatoč tome,

Rio had no centralized intelligence system

Rio nema centralizirani sustav informiranja

for solving missing persons cases.

za rješavanje slučajeva nestalih osoba.

In other Brazilian cities, those systems

U drugim brazilskim gradovima, ti sustavi

have helped solve up to 80 percent

pomogli su riješiti 80 posto

of missing persons cases.

slučajeva nestalih osoba.

She started a campaign,

Započela je kampanju,

and after the secretary of security got 16,000 emails

i nakon što je tajnik sigurnosti dobio 16000 mailova

from people asking him to do this,

u kojima su ga ljudi tražili da to učini,

he responded, and started to build a police unit

odgovorio je, i počeo graditi policijsku jedinicu

specializing in those cases.

koja će se specijalizirati za te slučajeve.

It was open to the public at the end of last month,

Otvorena je za javnost krajem prošlog mjeseca

and Jovita was there

i Jovita je bila ondje,

giving interviews and being very fancy.

davala intervjue i bila vrlo otmjena.

And then, there is Leandro.

I onda je tu Leandro.

Leandro is an amazing guy

Leandro je zapanjujuć tip

in a slum in Rio,

u slamu u Riu,

and he created a recycling project in the slum.

i stvorio je projekt recikliranja u slamu.

At the end of last year, December 16,

Krajem prošle godine, 16. prosinca,

he received an eviction order

primio je obavijest o iseljenju

by the Rio de Janeiro state government

od strane vlade Rio de Janeira

giving him two weeks to leave the space

dajući mu dva tjedna da napusti prostor

that he had been using for two years.

koji je koristio dvije godine.

The plan was to hand it over to a developer,

Plan je bio predati taj prostor građevinaru,

who planned to turn it into a construction site.

koji je planirao započeti gradnju na tom mjestu.

Leandro started a campaign using one of our tools,

Leandro je započeo kampanju koristeći jedan naš alat,

the Pressure Cooker,

Ekspres Lonac,

the same one that Bia and Jovita used,

koji su koristili i Bia i Jovita,

and the state government changed their minds

i vlada je promijenila mišljenje

before Christmas Eve.

prije Badnjaka.

These stories make me happy,

Ove priče me usrećuju,

but not just because they have happy endings.

ali ne samo zato što imaju sretan kraj.

They make me happy because they are

Čine me sretnom jer su

happy beginnings.

sretni počeci.

The teacher and parent community at Bia's school

Učiteljska i roditeljska zajednica u Biinoj školi

is looking for other ways they could improve

traži druge načine kako bi poboljšali

that space even further.

taj prostor još više.

Leandro has ambitious plans

Leandro ima ambiciozne planove

to take his model to other low-income communities in Rio,

da prenese svoj model u druge zajednice niskih prihoda u Riu,

and Jovita is volunteering at the police unit

a Jovita volontira u policijskoj jedinici

that she helped created.

koju je pomogla osnovati.

Bia, Jovita and Leandro

Bia, Jovita i Leandro

are living examples of something

su živući primjeri nečega

that citizens and city governments around the world

što građani i gradske vlade širom svijeta

need to know:

moraju znati:

We are ready.

Spremni smo.

As citizens, we are ready

Kao građani, spremni smo

to decide on our common destinies,

odlučivati naše zajedničke sudbine,

because we know that the way we distribute power

jer znamo da način na koji raspodjeljujemo moć

says a lot about how we actually value everyone,

govori puno o tome kako cijenimo druge,

and because we know

i zato što znamo

that enabling and participating in local politics

da omogućavanje i sudjelovanje u lokalnoj politici

is a sign that we truly care

pokazuje da nam je stvarno stalo

about our relations to one another,

do naših odnosa jednih s drugima,

and we are ready to do this

i spremni smo ovo učiniti

in cities around the world right now.

u gradovima širom svijeta.

With the Our Cities network,

Sa mrežom Our Cities (Naši Gradovi),

the Meu Rio team

tim Meu Rio

hopes to share what we have learned

nada se podijeliti što smo naučili

with other people who want to create

s drugim ljudima koji žele stvoriti

similar initiatives in their own cities.

slične inicijative u svojim gradovima.

We have already started doing it in São Paulo

Već smo počeli to činiti u Sao Paulu,

with incredible results,

sa zadivljujućim rezultatima,

and want to take it to cities around the world

i želimo to podijeliti s gradovima širom svijeta

through a network of citizen-centric,

kroz mrežu organizacija fokusiranih

citizen-led organizations

na građene i vođenih od strane građana

that can inspire us,

koje nas mogu inspirirati,

challenge us, and remind us to demand

izazvati, i podsjetiti nas da tražimo

real participation in our city lives.

stvarno sudjelovanje u životu svojih gradova.

It is up to us

Na nama je

to decide whether we want schools

da odlučimo želimo li škole

or parking lots,

ili parkirališta,

community-driven recycling projects

projekte recikliranja u zajednici

or construction sites,

ili gradilišta,

loneliness or solidarity, cars or buses,

samoću ili solidarnost, aute ili buseve,

and it is our responsibility to do that now,

i naša je odgovornost to učiniti sada,

for ourselves, for our families,

za sebe, za naše obitelji,

for the people who make our lives worth living,

za ljude koji čine naše živote vrijednima življenja,

and for the incredible creativity,

i za nevjerojatnu kreativnost,

beauty, and wonder that make our cities,

ljepotu, i čuda koja čine naše gradove

in spite of all of their problems,

unatoč svim njihovim problemima,

the greatest invention of our time.

najveće izume našeg vremena.

Obrigado. Thank you.

Obrigado. Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)