A teen scientist's invention to help wounds heal | Anushka Naiknaware

Prevodilac: Alenka Andulajevic Lektor: Tijana Mihajlović

Ever since I was a young girl, I was always fascinated --

Još kao mala bila sam fascinirana -

(Smeh)

(Laughter)

O!

Oh!

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

OK, I meant younger and more short.

Okej, mislila sam mlađa i niža.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

If that's possible to imagine.

Ako to možete i da zamislite.

But ever since I was a young girl,

Ali, još kao mala devojčica

I was always fascinated with how the world worked exactly how it did.

oduvek sam bila fascinirana načinom na koji svet funkcioniše.

So this, very early on,

To me je veoma rano

led me to the fields of mathematics and chemistry.

odvelo u polje matematike i hemije.

I would keep going further and further, and as I kept going,

Nastavila sam da idem dalje i dalje, i kako sam napredovala

I realized that all the fields of science are interconnected.

shvatila sam da su sva polja nauke povezana

And without one, the others have little or no value.

i jedno bez drugog vredi malo ili nimalo.

So, inspired by Marie Curie and my local science museum,

Dakle, inspirisana Marijom Kiri i lokalnim prirodnjačkim muzejom,

I decided to start asking these questions myself

rešila sam da sama počnem da postavljam pitanja

and engage in my own independent research,

i da se angažujem u svom nezavisnom istraživanju,

whether it be out of my garage or my bedroom.

bilo da je to iz moje garaže ili spavaće sobe.

I started reading journal papers,

Počela sam da čitam časopise,

started doing science competitions,

počela sam da idem na naučna takmičenja,

started participating in science fairs,

počela sam da učestvujem na naučnim sajmovima

doing anything I could

i da radim sve što sam mogla

to get the knowledge that I so desperately wanted.

da bih stekla znanje koje sam tako jako želela.

So while I was studying anatomy for a competition,

I dok sam učila anatomiju za takmičenje,

I came across the topic of something called chronic wounds.

naišla sam na nešto što se naziva „hronične rane“.

And one thing that stood out to me was a statistic

I ono što me je zapanjilo je bio podatak

that said that the number of people in the United States with chronic wounds

koji kaže da broj ljudi u SAD sa hroničnom ranom

exceeds the number of people with breast cancer,

nadmašuje broj ljudi sa rakom dojke,

colon cancer, lung cancer and leukemia, combined.

rakom debelog creva, rakom pluća i leukemijom, zajedno.

Hold up.

Sačekajte.

So what is a chronic wound?

Dakle, šta je hronična rana?

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

And why haven't I heard about a 5K walk for chronic wounds,

I zašto nisam čula za šetnju od 5 kilometara za hronične rane,

why haven't I even heard about a chronic wound in general?

zašto nisam uopšte čula za hroničnu ranu?

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

So after I got past those preliminary questions,

Dakle, kada sam prošla ova prva pitanja

and one that I will clarify for you,

i ono koje ću vam sad razjasniti,

a chronic wound is essentially when someone gets a normal wound,

hronična rana je, u suštini, kada neko ima normalnu ranu,

except it fails to heal normally

ali ona ne uspeva da zaraste normalno

because the patient has some kind of preexisting condition,

jer pacijent već ima neko postojeće stanje,

which in most cases is diabetes.

najčešće dijabetes.

[Hronična rana: problem]

So more staggering statistics were to be found

Nailazila sam na statistike koje su bile još više zaprepašćujuće

as I kept going on in this research.

kako sam nastavila sa istraživanjem.

In the year 2010 alone,

Samo u 2010. godini

50 billion dollars were spent worldwide to treat chronic wounds.

širom sveta potrošeno je 50 milijardi dolara

na lečenje hroničnih rana.

In addition, it's estimated that about two percent of the population

Pored toga, procenjeno je da će oko dva procenta stanovništva

will get a chronic wound at some point in their lifetime.

u nekom perodu života imati hroničnu ranu.

This was absurd.

To je apsurdno.

So as I started doing more research,

I kako sam nastavila da istražujem,

shvatila sam da postoji povezanost

I found that there was a correlation

between the moisture level inside a wound dressing

između nivoa vlage u zavoju vlage i faze zarastanja u kojoj se rana nalazi.

and the stage of healing that the chronic wound would be at.

So I decided, why don't I design something

Tako sam odlučila:

zašto ne bih napravila nešto što bi merilo stepen vlažnosti rane

to measure the moisture level within the wound

so this can help doctors and patients treat their wounds better.

i što bi pomoglo lekarima i pacijentima u lečenju rana.

And essentially, expedite the healing process.

I najvažnije, što bi ubrzalo izlečenje.

So that's exactly what I set out to do.

I upravo to sam rešila da uradim.

[Hronične rane: izazovi i kriterijumi]

Being a 14-year-old working out of her garage-turned-lab,

Kao 14-godišnjakinja koja radi u svojoj garaži-laboratoriji,

I had a lot of constraints.

imala sam mnogo ograničenja.

Most being that I wasn't given a grant, I wasn't given a lot of money,

Najveće je što nisam imala sredstva, nisam imala mnogo novca

and I wasn't given a lot of resources.

i nisam imala mnogo resursa.

In addition, I had a lot of criteria, as well.

Pored toga, imala sam i mnogo kriterijuma.

Since this product would be readily interacting with the body,

Pošto bi ovaj proizvod bio u interakciji sa telom,

morao bi biti biokompatibilan.

it had to be biocompatible,

it also had to be low-cost,

Takođe, morao bi biti jeftin

as I was designing it and paying for it myself.

jer sam ga ja dizajnirala i sama plaćala.

It also had to be mass-manufacturable,

Takođe, masovna proizvodnja je morala biti moguća

because I wanted it to be made anywhere, for anyone.

jer sam želela da se proizvodi svuda i za svakog.

Thus, I drafted up a schematic.

Tako sam napravila šemu.

What you see on the left hand-side is the early schematics in my design,

Na levoj strani vidite ranu verziju šematskog prikaza,

showing both a bird's-eye view and also one stacking variant.

iz ptičije perspektive, ali i slojeve.

A stacking variant means

Slojevi prikazuju

that the entire product is consisted of different individual parts

da se ceo proizvod sastoji od različitih pojedinačnih delova

that have to work in unison.

koji moraju da funkcionišu zajedno.

And what's shown there is one possible arrangement.

Ovde se vidi jedno moguće uređenje.

So what exactly is this?

Dakle, šta je ovo u stvari?

So I had gone on to testing my sensors

Morala sam da testiram senzore,

and as all scientists have stumbles along their work,

i kao što svi naučnici zapinju u radu,

I also had a couple of problems in my first generation of sensors.

imala sam par problema sa prvom generacijom senzora.

First of all, I couldn't figure out

Pre svega, nisam mogla da shvatim

how to get a nanoparticle ink into a printcheck cartridge

kako da nateram nanočestice mastila u kertridž za štampanje,

without spilling it all over my carpet.

a da ga ne prospem po tepihu.

That was problem number one.

To je bio prvi problem.

Problem number two was,

Drugi problem je bio to

I couldn't exactly control the sensitivity of my sensors.

što nisam mogla da kontrolišem osetljivost senzora.

I couldn't scale them up or down,

Nisam mogla da ih pomeram gore ili dole;

I couldn't really do anything of that sort.

zapravo ništa slično nisam mogla.

Trebalo mi je nešto da to rešim.

So I wanted something to solve it.

Problem one was easily solved by some scouting on eBay and Amazon

Prvi problem je lako rešen uz malo pretrage po Ibeju i Amazonu

for syringes that I could use.

za špricevima koje sam mogla da iskoristim.

Problem two, however, required a lot more thought.

Međutim, drugi problem je zahtevao mnogo više razmišljanja.

So this is where this factors in.

Dakle, to ovde nastupa.

So what a space-filling curve does

Kriva koja popunjava prostor

is it aims to take up all the area it can within one unit square.

cilja da obuhvati svu površinu koju može

na površini jednog kvadrata.

And by writing a computer program, you can have different iterations

I uz kompjuterski program, možete imati različite prikaze

of the different curve,

različitih krivi

which increasingly get close to one unit square,

koje se sve više približavaju jedinici kvadrata,

but never quite reaches there.

ali nikada je ne dostižu.

So now I could control the thickness, the size,

Dakle, sada sam mogla da kontrolišem gustinu, veličinu,

I could do whatever I want with it, and I could predict my results.

mogla sam da radim šta sam htela i mogla sam da predvidim rezultate.

So I started constructing my sensors

Tako sam počela da pravim senzore

and testing them more rigorously,

i da ih rigoroznije testiram

using money that I had gotten from previous science fair awards.

koristeći novac koji sam osvojila na prethodnom sajmu nauke.

Lastly, I had to connect this data in order to be read.

Na kraju sam morala da povežem ove podatke

da bi mogli da se iščitaju,

So I interfaced it with a Bluetooth chip,

pa sam to povezala blututom,

which you can see here by the app screenshots on the right.

koji se može videti pored skrinšota aplikacije sa desne strane.

And what this does is that anyone can monitor the progress of their wound,

Uz ovo svako može da nadgleda napredovanje na rani

and it can be transmitted over a wireless connection

i to može da se prenosi bežičnom konekcijom

to the doctor, the patient or whoever needs it.

doktoru, pacijentu ili kome god treba.

[Continued Testing and Refinement]

[Nastavak testiranja i usavršavanje]

So in conclusion, my design was successful --

Da zaključim, moj izum je bio uspešan.

however, science never ends.

Ipak, nauci nikad kraja.

There's always something to be done, something to be refined.

Uvek ima još nešto da se uradi, da se poboljša.

So that's what I'm currently in the process of doing.

I na tome trenutno radim.

However, what I learned was

Ipak, ono što sam naučila,

what's more important than the actual thing I designed

što je mnogo važnije od samog izuma,

is an attitude that I had taken on while doing this.

jeste stav koji sam imala dok sam ovo radila.

And that attitude was,

A stav je sledeći:

even though I'm a 14-year-old working in her garage

iako sam samo 14-godišnjakinja koja radi u svojoj garaži

on something that she doesn't completely understand,

na nečemu što ni ne razumem potpuno,

I could still make a difference and contribute to the field.

ipak mogu nešto da učinim i da doprinesem ovoj oblasti.

And that's what inspired me to keep going,

I to me je inspirisalo da nastavim

and I hope it inspires many others to also do work like this

i nadam se da će inspirisati i mnoge druge da urade nešto slično,

even though they're not very sure about it.

iako nisu potpuno sigurni u to.

So I hope that's a message that you all take on today.

Nadam se da ćete tu poruku svi danas primiti.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)