Our refugee system is failing. Here's how we can fix it | Alexander Betts

Prevodilac: Milenka Okuka Lektor: Mile Živković

There are times when I feel really quite ashamed

Ponekad me je zaista prilično sramota

to be a European.

što sam Evropljanin.

In the last year,

Prošle godine

more than a million people arrived in Europe in need of our help,

je preko milion ljudi stiglo u Evropu tražeći našu pomoć,

and our response, frankly, has been pathetic.

a naš je odgovor, iskreno, bio bedan.

There are just so many contradictions.

Prosto je tu previše protivrečnosti.

We mourn the tragic death

Oplakujemo tragičnu smrt

of two-year-old Alan Kurdi,

dvogodišnjeg Alana Kurdija,

and yet, since then, more than 200 children

pa ipak, od tad, više od 200 dece

have subsequently drowned in the Mediterranean.

se naknadno udavilo u Sredozemnom moru.

We have international treaties

Imamo međunarodne sporazume

that recognize that refugees are a shared responsibility,

koji prepoznaju izbeglice kao zajedničku odgovornost,

and yet we accept that tiny Lebanon

pa ipak dozvoljavamo da sićušni Leban

hosts more Syrians than the whole of Europe combined.

ugosti više Sirijaca od sveukupno čitave Evrope.

We lament the existence of human smugglers,

Jadikujemo zbog postojanja krijumčara ljudima,

and yet we make that the only viable route

pa ipak se staramo da to bude jedina održiva trasa

to seek asylum in Europe.

za traženje azila u Evropi.

We have labor shortages,

Nedostaju nam radnici,

and yet we exclude people who fit our economic and demographic needs

ali odbijamo ljude koji se uklapaju u naše ekonomske i demografske potrebe

from coming to Europe.

od dolaska u Evropu.

We proclaim our liberal values in opposition to fundamentalist Islam,

Deklamujemo o našim liberalnim vrednostima koje su suprotne islamskom fundametalizmu,

and yet --

pa ipak -

we have repressive policies

imamo represivne zakone

that detain child asylum seekers,

koji pritvaraju decu koja traže azil,

that separate children from their families,

koji odvajaju decu od njihovih porodica

and that seize property from refugees.

i koji oduzimaju imovinu izbeglicama.

What are we doing?

Šta mi to radimo?

How has the situation come to this,

Kako je došlo do ovoga,

that we've adopted such an inhumane response to a humanitarian crisis?

kako smo usvojili tako nehuman odgovor na humanitarnu krizu?

I don't believe it's because people don't care,

Ne verujem da se to desilo jer ljude nije briga,

or at least I don't want to believe it's because people don't care.

ili bar ne želim da verujem da je tako jer ljude nije briga.

I believe it's because our politicians lack a vision,

Verujem da je tako jer naši političari nemaju viziju,

a vision for how to adapt an international refugee system

viziju kako da prilagode međunarodni program za izbeglice,

created over 50 years ago

koji je stvoren pre 50 godina,

for a changing and globalized world.

promenljivom i globalizovanom svetu.

And so what I want to do is take a step back

Pa želim da se vratim malo unazad

and ask two really fundamental questions,

i da postavim dva temeljna pitanja,

the two questions we all need to ask.

dva pitanja koja svi moramo da postavimo.

First, why is the current system not working?

Prvo: zašto trenutni sistem ne funkcioniše?

And second, what can we do to fix it?

I drugo: kako možemo da ga popravimo?

So the modern refugee regime

Dakle, savremeni režim za izbeglice

was created in the aftermath of the Second World War by these guys.

su ovi ljudi stvorili na zgarištu Drugog svetskog rata.

Its basic aim is to ensure

Njegov osnovni cilj je da se postara

that when a state fails, or worse, turns against its own people,

da kada država zataji, ili još gore, okrene se protiv sopstvenog naroda

people have somewhere to go,

da ljudi imaju gde da odu,

to live in safety and dignity until they can go home.

da žive bezbedno i dostojanstveno sve dok mognu da se vrate kući.

It was created precisely for situations like the situation we see in Syria today.

Stvoren je baš zbog situacija, nalik situaciji koju trenutno vidimo u Siriji.

Through an international convention signed by 147 governments,

Putem međunarodne konvencije koju je potpisalo 147 vlada,

the 1951 Convention on the Status of Refugees,

Konvencije o statusu izbeglica iz 1951.

and an international organization, UNHCR,

i međunarodne organizacije, UNHCR,

states committed to reciprocally admit people onto their territory

države su se obavezale da će recipročno primati na svoju teritoriju

who flee conflict and persecution.

ljude koji beže od ratova i proganjanja.

But today, that system is failing.

Međutim, trenutno je taj sistem zatajio.

In theory, refugees have a right to seek asylum.

U teoriji, izbeglice imaju pravo da traže azil.

In practice, our immigration policies block the path to safety.

U praksi, naši zakoni o imigraciji blokiraju puteve do sigurnosti.

In theory, refugees have a right to a pathway to integration,

U teoriji, izbeglice imaju pravo na otvorenu stazu integracije

or return to the country they've come from.

ili da se vrate u zemlju iz koje potiču.

But in practice, they get stuck in almost indefinite limbo.

Međutim u praksi, zaglavljene su u skoro beskonačnom limbu.

In theory, refugees are a shared global responsibility.

U teoriji, izbeglice su zajednička globalna odgovornost.

In practice, geography means that countries proximate the conflict

U praksi, geografija određuje da zemlje koje su najbliže ratu

take the overwhelming majority of the world's refugees.

preuzimaju ogromnu većinu svetskih izbeglica.

The system isn't broken because the rules are wrong.

Sistem nije nefunkcionalan jer su pravila pogrešna.

It's that we're not applying them adequately to a changing world,

Već se radi o tome da ih ne primenjujemo kako treba u promenljivom svetu,

and that's what we need to reconsider.

a o tome moramo da razmislimo.

So I want to explain to you a little bit about how the current system works.

Želim da vam ukratko objasnim kako trenutni sistem funkcioniše.

How does the refugee regime actually work?

Kako zapravo funkcioniše režim za izbeglice?

But not from a top-down institutional perspective,

Ali ne iz ugla hijerarhijski ustrojenih institucija,

rather from the perspective of a refugee.

već iz ugla izbeglice.

So imagine a Syrian woman.

Pa, zamislite Sirijku.

Let's call her Amira.

Nazovimo je Amira.

And Amira to me represents many of the people I've met in the region.

A Amira za mene predstavlja mnoge ljude koje sam upoznao iz tog regiona.

Amira, like around 25 percent of the world's refugees,

Amira, kao i otprilike 25 procenata izbeglica u svetu,

is a woman with children,

je žena koja ima decu

and she can't go home because she comes from this city

i ne može da se vrati kući jer potiče iz ovog grada

that you see before you, Homs,

koji je pred vama, iz Homsa,

a once beautiful and historic city

nekad prelepog grada sa istorijom,

now under rubble.

koji je sad u ruševinama.

And so Amira can't go back there.

Pa, Amira ne može da se vrati tamo.

But Amira also has no hope of resettlement to a third country,

Ali Amira se takođe ne nada da će se naseliti u treću državu

because that's a lottery ticket

jer je to kao tiket za loto,

only available to less than one percent of the world's refugees.

jedino je dostupan manjem broju od jednog procenta izbeglica u svetu.

So Amira and her family

Pa su Amira i njena porodica

face an almost impossible choice.

suočeni sa gotovo nemogućim izborom.

They have three basic options.

Imaju tri osnovne opcije.

The first option is that Amira can take her family to a camp.

Prva je da Amira povede svoju porodicu u kamp.

In the camp, she might get assistance,

U kampu bi mogla da dobije pomoć,

but there are very few prospects for Amira and her family.

ali mali su izgledi za Amiru i njenu porodicu.

Camps are in bleak, arid locations,

Kampovi su na pustim, bezvodnim mestima,

often in the desert.

često u pustinjama.

In the Zaatari refugee camp in Jordan,

U izbegličkom kampu Zatari u Jordanu,

you can hear the shells across the border in Syria at nighttime.

noću možete čuti otvorenu vatru preko granice u Siriji.

There's restricted economic activity.

Ograničena je ekonomska aktivnost.

Education is often of poor quality.

Obrazovanje je često lošeg kvaliteta.

And around the world,

A širom sveta,

some 80 percent of refugees who are in camps

nekih 80 procenata izbeglica koje su u kampovima,

have to stay for at least five years.

moraju u njima da ostanu bar pet godina.

It's a miserable existence,

To je bedan život

and that's probably why, in reality,

i verovatno zato u stvarnosti

only nine percent of Syrians choose that option.

svega devet procenata Sirijaca bira tu opciju.

Alternatively, Amira can head to an urban area

Alternativno, Amira može da krene u urbanu sredinu

in a neighboring country, like Amman or Beirut.

u susednoj državi, poput Amana ili Bejruta.

That's an option that about 75 percent of Syrian refugees have taken.

To je opcija koju je izabralo oko 75 procenata sirijskih izbeglica.

But there, there's great difficulty as well.

Međutim tu takođe imate velike poteškoće.

Refugees in such urban areas don't usually have the right to work.

Izbeglice na sličnim urbanim mestima obično nemaju pravo na rad.

They don't usually get significant access to assistance.

Obično ne dobijaju značajan pristup pomoći.

And so when Amira and her family have used up their basic savings,

Pa kad Amira i njena porodica potroše svoju osnovnu ušteđevinu,

they're left with very little and likely to face urban destitution.

ostaje im vemo malo i suočavaju se s urbanom bedom.

So there's a third alternative,

Dakle, imaju treću alternativu,

and it's one that increasing numbers of Syrians are taking.

a nju bira sve veći broj Sirijaca.

Amira can seek some hope for her family

Amira može da potraži nadu za svoju porodicu

by risking their lives on a dangerous and perilous journey

rizikujući njihove živote na opasnom i rizičnom putovanju

to another country,

u drugu državu,

and it's that which we're seeing in Europe today.

a to je ono što trenutno gledamo u Evropi.

Around the world, we present refugees with an almost impossible choice

Širom sveta nudimo izbeglicama skoro nemoguć izbor

between three options:

između tri opcije:

encampment, urban destitution and dangerous journeys.

kampa, urbane bede i opasnih putovanja.

For refugees, that choice is the global refugee regime today.

Za izbeglice je taj izbor trenutni globalni režim za izbeglice.

But I think it's a false choice.

No, smatram da je to pogrešan izbor.

I think we can reconsider that choice.

Mislim da možemo da ga preispitamo.

The reason why we limit those options

Razlog zašto ograničavamo te opcije

is because we think

je jer mislimo

that those are the only options that are available to refugees,

da su to jedine opcije koje su dostupne izbeglicama,

and they're not.

a nisu.

Politicians frame the issue as a zero-sum issue,

Političari formulišu taj problem kao gubitničku strategiju,

that if we benefit refugees, we're imposing costs on citizens.

da ako pomognemo izbeglicama, građane izlažemo trošku.

We tend to have a collective assumption

Nekako kolektivno pretpostavljamo

that refugees are an inevitable cost or burden to society.

da su izbeglice neizbežan trošak iliti teret za društvo.

But they don't have to. They can contribute.

Ali ne moraju to da budu. Mogu da nam doprinesu.

So what I want to argue

Pa želim da iznesem tvrdnju

is there are ways in which we can expand that choice set

da postoje načini na koje možemo da proširimo ponuđeni izbor

and still benefit everyone else:

i da i svi ostali imaju koristi:

the host states and communities,

države domaćini i zajednice,

our societies and refugees themselves.

naša društva, kao i same izbeglice.

And I want to suggest four ways

I želim da predložim četiri načina

we can transform the paradigm of how we think about refugees.

na koje možemo da transformišemo paradigmu razmišljanja o izbeglicama.

All four ways have one thing in common:

Sva četiri načina imaju nešto zajedničko:

they're all ways in which we take the opportunities of globalization,

sve su to načini putem kojih koristimo mogućnosti globalizacije,

mobility and markets,

mobilnosti i tržišta,

and update the way we think about the refugee issue.

i njima dopunjujemo naše viđenje problema izbeglica.

The first one I want to think about

Prvi o kom želim da razmislim

is the idea of enabling environments,

je zamisao o okruženjima s mogućnostima,

and it starts from a very basic recognition

a počinje od osnovnog prepoznavanja

that refugees are human beings like everyone else,

da su izbeglice ljudska bića kao svi drugi,

but they're just in extraordinary circumstances.

ali da su prosto u izvanrednim okolnostima.

Together with my colleagues in Oxford,

Zajedno sa kolegom iz Oksforda,

we've embarked on a research project in Uganda

započeli smo istraživački projekat u Ugandi

looking at the economic lives of refugees.

posmatrajući ekonomski život izbeglica.

We chose Uganda not because it's representative of all host countries.

Izabrali smo Ugandu ne zbog toga što ona predstavlja sve zemlje domaćine.

It's not. It's exceptional.

Nije to. Ona je izuzetna.

Unlike most host countries around the world,

Za razliku od većine zemalja domaćina širom sveta,

what Uganda has done

Uganda

is give refugees economic opportunity.

pruža izbeglicama ekonomske mogućnosti.

It gives them the right to work. It gives them freedom of movement.

Pruža im pravo na rad. Pruža im slobodu kretanja.

And the results of that are extraordinary

A rezulatati toga su izvanredni,

both for refugees and the host community.

kako za izbeglice tako i za zajednicu domaćina.

In the capital city, Kampala,

U glavnom gradu, Kampali,

we found that 21 percent of refugees own a business that employs other people,

otkrili smo da 21 procenat izbeglica poseduje firme koje zapošljavaju druge,

and 40 percent of those employees

a 40 procenata tih zaposlenih

are nationals of the host country.

su pripadnici zemlje domaćina.

In other words, refugees are making jobs

Drugim rečima, izbeglice stvaraju poslove

for citizens of the host country.

za građane zemlje domaćina.

Even in the camps, we found extraordinary examples

Čak i u kampovima smo otkrili izvanredne primere

of vibrant, flourishing and entrepreneurial businesses.

preduzetničkih poslova koji su živahni i cvetaju.

For example, in a settlement called Nakivale,

Na primer, u smeštaju po imenu Nakivale,

we found examples of Congolese refugees

otkrili smo primere izbeglica iz Konga

running digital music exchange businesses.

kako vode posao razmene digitalne muzike.

We found a Rwandan who runs a business that's available

Otkrili smo Ruanđanina koji vodi pristupačan posao

to allow the youth to play computer games

koji omogućuje omladini da igra kompjuterske igrice

on recycled games consoles and recycled televisions.

na recikliranim konzolama i recikliranim televizorima.

Against the odds of extreme constraint,

Uprkos uslovima ekstremnog ograničenja,

refugees are innovating,

izbeglice prave izume,

and the gentleman you see before you is a Congolese guy called Demou-Kay.

a gospodin koga vidite je momak iz Konga po imenu Demu-Kej.

Demou-Kay arrived in the settlement with very little,

Demu-Kej je stigao u smeštaj gotovo praznih ruku,

but he wanted to be a filmmaker.

ali želeo je da pravi filmove.

So with friends and colleagues, he started a community radio station,

Pa je sa prijateljima i kolegama osnovao radio stanicu za zajednicu,

he rented a video camera,

iznajmio je video kameru

and he's now making films.

i trenutno snima filmove.

He made two documentary films

Snimio je dva dokumentarca

with and for our team,

s našim timom i za naš tim

and he's making a successful business out of very little.

i stvara uspešan posao iz skoro ničega.

It's those kinds of examples

Ovakvi primeri

that should guide our response to refugees.

bi trebalo da budu vodilje našem odgovoru na izbeglice.

Rather than seeing refugees

Umesto što vidimo izbeglice

as inevitably dependent upon humanitarian assistance,

kao neizbežne zavisnike o humanitarnoj pomoći,

we need to provide them with opportunities for human flourishing.

moramo da im obezbedimo mogućnosti za ljudski procvat.

Yes, clothes, blankets, shelter, food

Da, odeća, ćebad, sklonište, hrana

are all important in the emergency phase,

sve to jeste važno u fazi hitne pomoći,

but we need to also look beyond that.

ali takođe moramo da gledamo dalje od toga.

We need to provide opportunities to connectivity, electricity,

Moramo da im obezbedimo mogućnosti za povezivanje, struju,

education, the right to work,

obrazovanje, pravo na rad,

access to capital and banking.

pristup kapitalu i bankarstvu.

All the ways in which we take for granted

Sve ono što uzimamo zdravo za gotovo

that we are plugged in to the global economy

dok smo priključeni na globalnu ekonomiju

can and should apply to refugees.

bi trebalo i moralo da se odnosi na izbeglice.

The second idea I want to discuss is economic zones.

Druga zamisao o kojoj želim da raspravljam su ekonomske zone.

Unfortunately, not every host country in the world

Nažalost, svaka zemlja domaćin u svetu

takes the approach Uganda has taken.

nema pristup kakav ima Uganda.

Most host countries don't open up their economies to refugees

Većina zemalja domaćina ne otvara svoje ekonomije za izbeglice

in the same way.

na isti način.

But there are still pragmatic alternative options that we can use.

Ali i dalje imamo pragmatične alternativne opcije koje možemo da koristimo.

Last April, I traveled to Jordan with my colleague,

Prošlog aprila sam putovao u Jordan sa mojim kolegom,

the development economist Paul Collier,

ekonomistom razvoja Polom Kolijerom,

and we brainstormed an idea while we were there

i dok smo bili tamo zajedno smo došli na ideju,

with the international community and the government,

sa međunarodnom zajednicom i vladom,

an idea to bring jobs to Syrians

ideju da pružimo poslove Sirijcima,

while supporting Jordan's national development strategy.

istovremeno podržavajući nacionalnu razvojnu strategiju Jordana.

The idea is for an economic zone,

Ideja je o ekonomskoj zoni,

one in which we could potentially integrate the employment of refugees

u kojoj bismo potencijalno mogli da integrišemo zapošljavanje izbeglica

alongside the employment of Jordanian host nationals.

uz zapošljavanje domaćina, Jordanaca.

And just 15 minutes away from the Zaatari refugee camp,

A samo 15 minuta dalje od izbegličkog kampa Zatari,

home to 83,000 refugees,

doma za 83,000 izbeglica,

is an existing economic zone

nalazi se postojeća ekonomska zona

called the King Hussein Bin Talal Development Area.

po imenu Razvojno područje kralja Huseina Bin Talala.

The government has spent over a hundred million dollars

Vlada je potrošila preko sto miliona dolara

connecting it to the electricity grid, connecting it to the road network,

da bi ga priključila na struju, da bi ga priključila na putnu mrežu,

but it lacked two things:

ali su mu nedostajale dve stvari:

access to labor and inward investment.

pristup radu i unutrašnje investicije.

So what if refugees were able to work there

Dakle, šta ako su izbeglice u stanju da tu rade,

rather than being stuck in camps,

a ne samo da budu zaglavljene u kampu,

able to support their families and develop skills through vocational training

da izdržavaju svoje porodice i da razvijaju veštine putem stručne obuke

before they go back to Syria?

dok se vrate u Siriju?

We recognized that that could benefit Jordan,

Shvatili smo da bi Jordan imao koristi od toga

whose development strategy requires it to make the leap

jer strategija razvoja zahteva od njega da pređe

as a middle income country to manufacturing.

na proizvodnju, pošto je zemlja sa osrednjim dohodkom.

It could benefit refugees, but it could also contribute

To bi koristilo izbeglicama, ali bi takođe doprinelo

to the postconflict reconstruction of Syria

posleratnom obnavljanju Sirije;

by recognizing that we need to incubate refugees

razumevanje da moramo da obučimo izbeglice

as the best source of eventually rebuilding Syria.

kao najbolje izvore eventualnog obnavljanja Sirije.

We published the idea in the journal Foreign Affairs.

Objavili smo ovu ideju u časopisu "Forin Afers".

King Abdullah has picked up on the idea.

Kralj Abdul je prihvatio ideju.

It was announced at the London Syria Conference two weeks ago,

Najavljena je pre dve nedelje na konferenciji Sirija u Londonu,

and a pilot will begin in the summer.

a njeno sprovođenje počinje na leto.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

The third idea that I want to put to you

Treća ideja koju želim da vam izložim

is preference matching between states and refugees

je uparivanje prioriteta između država i izbeglica

to lead to the kinds of happy outcomes you see here in the selfie

koje vodi do srećnih ishoda, koje vidite ovde na selfiju

featuring Angela Merkel and a Syrian refugee.

Angele Merkel i sirijske izbeglice.

What we rarely do is ask refugees what they want, where they want to go,

Mi retko pitamo izbeglice šta žele, gde žele da idu,

but I'd argue we can do that

ali smatram da možemo to da uradimo

and still make everyone better off.

i da i dalje svi budu zadovoljni.

The economist Alvin Roth has developed the idea of matching markets,

Ekonomista Alvin Rot je razvio ideju podudarnih tržišta,

ways in which the preference ranking of the parties shapes an eventual match.

to kako rangiranje prioriteta dve strane oblikuje eventualne podudarnosti.

My colleagues Will Jones and Alex Teytelboym

Moje kolege, Vil Džons i Aleks Tejtlbojm

have explored ways in which that idea could be applied to refugees,

su istraživali na koji način bi ova ideja mogla da se primeni na izbeglice;

to ask refugees to rank their preferred destinations,

pitajući izbeglice da rangiraju željena odredišta,

but also allow states to rank the types of refugees they want

ali takođe da se omogući državama da rangiraju tipove izbeglica koje žele

on skills criteria or language criteria

po kriterijumu veština i jezika

and allow those to match.

i da im omoguće da se upare.

Now, of course you'd need to build in quotas

Sad, naravno, morali biste da napravite kvote

on things like diversity and vulnerability,

zbog stvari poput raznovrsnosti i ranjivosti,

but it's a way of increasing the possibilities of matching.

ali to je način za povećanja mogućnosti uparivanja.

The matching idea has been successfully used

Ideja o uparivanju se uspešno koristi

to match, for instance, students with university places,

da bi se uparili, na primer, studenti sa univerzitetskim jedinicama,

to match kidney donors with patients,

da bi se uparili donatori bubrega sa pacijentima

and it underlies the kind of algorithms that exist on dating websites.

i u njenoj srži je tip algoritma koji postoji na sajtovima za upoznavanje.

So why not apply that to give refugees greater choice?

Pa, zašto da to ne primenimo i pružimo izbeglicama širi izbor?

It could also be used at the national level,

Moglo bi se koristiti i na nacionalnom nivou,

where one of the great challenges we face

gde se suočavamo sa najvećim izazovom

is to persuade local communities to accept refugees.

ubeđivanja lokalnih zajednica da prihvate izbeglice.

And at the moment, in my country, for instance,

A trenutno u mojoj državi, na primer,

we often send engineers to rural areas and farmers to the cities,

često šaljemo inženjere u ruralne oblasti, a poljoprivrednike u gradove,

which makes no sense at all.

a to nema nikakvog smisla.

So matching markets offer a potential way to bring those preferences together

Pa bi uparivanje tržišta pružilo mogući put za spajanje ovih prioriteta

and listen to the needs and demands of the populations that host

i poštovanje potreba i zahteva domaće populacije

and the refugees themselves.

i samih izbeglica.

The fourth idea I want to put to you is of humanitarian visas.

Četvrta ideja koju ću da vam izložim je o humanitarnim vizama.

Much of the tragedy and chaos we've seen in Europe

Veći deo tragedije i haosa koje smo videli u Evropi

was entirely avoidable.

mogao se potpuno izbeći.

It stems from a fundamental contradiction in Europe's asylum policy,

On je iznikao iz temeljne protivrečnosti evropske politike o azilu,

which is the following:

koja glasi:

that in order to seek asylum in Europe,

da biste tražili azil u Evropi,

you have to arrive spontaneously by embarking on those dangerous journeys

morate spontano da stignete, krećući na ta opasna putovanja

that I described.

koja sam opisao.

But why should those journeys be necessary in an era of the budget airline

Ali zašto bi ova putovanja bila nužna u eri jeftinih letova

and modern consular capabilities?

i savremenih konzularnih mogućnosti.

They're completely unnecessary journeys,

To su potpuno nepotrebna putovanja,

and last year, they led to the deaths of over 3,000 people

a prošle godine su uzrokovala smrt preko 3000 ljudi

on Europe's borders and within European territory.

na evropskim granicama i unutar evropske teritorije.

If refugees were simply allowed

Da je izbeglicama prosto dozvoljeno

to travel directly and seek asylum in Europe,

da putuju direktno i traže azil u Evropi,

we would avoid that,

izbegli bismo to,

and there's a way of doing that

a postoji način da to uradimo

through something called a humanitarian visa,

putem nečeg što se naziva humanitarnom vizom,

that allows people to collect a visa at an embassy

koja omogućuje ljudima da u ambasadi preuzmu vizu

or a consulate in a neighboring country

ili u konzulatu u susednoj državi,

and then simply pay their own way

a da onda jednostavno plate sopstveni put

through a ferry or a flight to Europe.

trajektom ili letom do Evrope.

It costs around a thousand euros

Plaćaju oko 1000 evra

to take a smuggler from Turkey to the Greek islands.

krijumčarima da ih prevedu od Turske do grčkih ostrva.

It costs 200 euros to take a budget airline from Bodrum to Frankfurt.

Budžetski let od Bodruma do Frankfurta košta 200 evra.

If we allowed refugees to do that, it would have major advantages.

Kad bismo to omogućili izbeglicama, imali bismo velike prednosti.

It would save lives,

To bi spasilo živote,

it would undercut the entire market for smugglers,

podrilo bi čitavo tržište krijumčara

and it would remove the chaos we see from Europe's front line

i odstranjen bi bio haos koji vidimo na ulaznim granicama u Evropu,

in areas like the Greek islands.

na mestima poput grčkih ostrva.

It's politics that prevents us doing that rather than a rational solution.

Politika nas sprečava u tome, pre nego racionalna rešenja.

And this is an idea that has been applied.

A to je ideja koja je već primenjivana.

Brazil has adopted a pioneering approach

Brazil je usvojio pionirski pristup

where over 2,000 Syrians have been able to get humanitarian visas,

kada je preko 2,000 Sirijaca dobilo mogućnost dobijanja humanitarnih viza,

enter Brazil, and claim refugee status on arrival in Brazil.

ulaska u Brazil i traženja statusa izbeglica po dolasku.

And in that scheme, every Syrian who has gone through it

A u toj shemi, svaki Sirijac koji je prošao kroz to

has received refugee status and been recognized as a genuine refugee.

je dobio status izbeglice i prepoznat je kao prava izbeglica.

There is a historical precedent for it as well.

To se već desilo ranije.

Between 1922 and 1942,

Između 1922. i 1942,

these Nansen passports were used as travel documents

ovi nansenski pasoši su korišćeni kao putna dokumenta

to allow 450,000 Assyrians, Turks and Chechens

da bi omogućili 450,000 Asiraca, Turaka i Čečena

to travel across Europe

da putuju Evropom

and claim refugee status elsewhere in Europe.

i da zahtevaju status izbeglice bilo gde u Evropi.

And the Nansen International Refugee Office

A Nansenska međunarodna kancelarija za izbeglice

received the Nobel Peace Prize

je dobila Nobelovu nagradu za mir

in recognition of this being a viable strategy.

jer je ovo prepoznato kao održiva strategija.

So all four of these ideas that I've presented you

Dakle, sve ove četiri ideje koje sam vam predstavio

are ways in which we can expand Amira's choice set.

su načini na koje možemo proširiti skup Amirinih izbora.

They're ways in which we can have greater choice for refugees

Oni su načini na koje možemo da pružimo izbeglicama više izbora

beyond those basic, impossible three options

mimo tri osnovne, nemoguće opcije

I explained to you

koje sam vam objasnio,

and still leave others better off.

i da i dalje svi budu zadovoljni.

In conclusion, we really need a new vision,

Da zaključim, zaista nam je potrebna nova vizija,

a vision that enlarges the choices of refugees

vizija koja proširuje izbor za izbeglice,

but recognizes that they don't have to be a burden.

ali i prepoznaje da oni ne moraju da budu teret.

There's nothing inevitable about refugees being a cost.

Izbeglice ne moraju nužno da budu trošak.

Yes, they are a humanitarian responsibility,

Da, one su odgovornost humanitaraca,

but they're human beings with skills, talents, aspirations,

ali one su ljudska bića sa veštinama, talentima, težnjama,

with the ability to make contributions -- if we let them.

sposobne da pruže doprinos - ako im to dozvolimo.

In the new world,

U novom svetu,

migration is not going to go away.

migracija neće nestati.

What we've seen in Europe will be with us for many years.

Ono što smo videli u Evropi, pratiće nas mnogo godina.

People will continue to travel,

Ljudi će i dalje da putuju,

they'll continue to be displaced,

i dalje će da budu raseljeni,

and we need to find rational, realistic ways of managing this --

a mi moramo da pronađemo racionalne, realistične načine da se bavimo ovim -

not based on the old logics of humanitarian assistance,

koji nisu zasnovani na staroj logici humanitarne pomoći,

not based on logics of charity,

nisu zasnovani na logici milosrđa,

but building on the opportunities

već na iskorištavanju mogućnosti

offered by globalization, markets and mobility.

koju nude globalizacija, tržište i mobilnost.

I'd urge you all to wake up and urge our politicians

Pozivam se na vašu trezvenost i pozivam naše političare

to wake up to this challenge.

da budu trezveni za ovaj izazov.

Thank you very much.

Mnogo vam hvala.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)