Our refugee system is failing. Here's how we can fix it | Alexander Betts

Translator: Maider Lizoain Reviewer: Jone Aliri Lazcano

There are times when I feel really quite ashamed

Batzuetan oso lotsatuta sentitzen naiz

to be a European.

europarra izateaz.

In the last year,

Azken urtean,

more than a million people arrived in Europe in need of our help,

milioi bat pertsona baino gehiago iritsi dira Europara laguntza beharrean

and our response, frankly, has been pathetic.

eta gure erantzuna benetan penagarria izan da.

There are just so many contradictions.

Kontraesan asko daude.

We mourn the tragic death

Negar egiten dugu

bi urteko Alan Kurdi-ren heriotza tragikoaren aurrean

of two-year-old Alan Kurdi,

and yet, since then, more than 200 children

baina, geroztik, 200 haur baino gehiago

have subsequently drowned in the Mediterranean.

ito dira Mediterraneoan.

We have international treaties

Nazioarteko itunak ditugu,

that recognize that refugees are a shared responsibility,

iheslariak guztion ardura direla aitortzen dutenak,

and yet we accept that tiny Lebanon

baina onartzen dugu Libano txikiak

hosts more Syrians than the whole of Europe combined.

Europa osoak baino Siriar gehiago hartzea babesean.

We lament the existence of human smugglers,

Giza trafikatzaileez kexatzen gara

and yet we make that the only viable route

baina hori bihurtzen dugu bide bakarra

to seek asylum in Europe.

Europan asiloa eskatzeko.

We have labor shortages,

Eskulan urria dago,

and yet we exclude people who fit our economic and demographic needs

baina gure behar ekonomiko zein demografikoak betetzen dituztenei

from coming to Europe.

ez diegu Europara etortzen uzten.

We proclaim our liberal values in opposition to fundamentalist Islam,

Gure balio liberalak aldarrikatzen ditugu Islam fundamentalistaren kontra,

and yet --

baina...

we have repressive policies

politika zapaltzaileak ditugu,

that detain child asylum seekers,

asilo eske datozen haurrak atxilotzen dituztenak,

that separate children from their families,

umeak beren familiengandik banatzen dituztenak,

and that seize property from refugees.

eta iheslarien jabetzak konfiskatzen dituztenak.

What are we doing?

Zer ari gara egiten?

How has the situation come to this,

Nola iritsi gara egoera honetara?

that we've adopted such an inhumane response to a humanitarian crisis?

Nola hartu dugu horrelako jarrera ankerra krisi humanitario bati erantzuteko?

I don't believe it's because people don't care,

Ez dut uste jendeari axola ez zaiolako denik

or at least I don't want to believe it's because people don't care.

edo, behintzat, ez dut hori sinetsi nahi.

I believe it's because our politicians lack a vision,

Arrazoia gure politikarien etorkizun-sen falta dela uste dut,

a vision for how to adapt an international refugee system

duela 50 urte baino gehiago sortu zen

iheslarientzako nazioarteko babes sistemari egokitzeko sen falta

created over 50 years ago

for a changing and globalized world.

mundu aldakor eta globalizatu bat lortzeko.

And so what I want to do is take a step back

Pauso bat atzera eman nahi dut

and ask two really fundamental questions,

eta funtsezko bi galdera egin,

the two questions we all need to ask.

guztiok egin beharreko bi galdera.

First, why is the current system not working?

Lehena: zergatik ez dabil oraingo sistema?

And second, what can we do to fix it?

Eta bigarrena: zer egin dezakegu konpontzeko?

So the modern refugee regime

Indarrean dagoen iheslarientzako babes sistema

was created in the aftermath of the Second World War by these guys.

Bigarren Mundu Gerraren ondoren sortu zuten tipo hauek.

Its basic aim is to ensure

Oinarrizko helburua,

estatu batek porrot egitean, edo okerrago, bere jendearen kontra jartzean,

that when a state fails, or worse, turns against its own people,

herriarentzako tokia bermatzea zen

people have somewhere to go,

to live in safety and dignity until they can go home.

babesean eta duintasunez bizitzeko etxera bueltatu arte.

It was created precisely for situations like the situation we see in Syria today.

Siriakoa bezalako egoeretarako sortu zen hain zuzen.

Through an international convention signed by 147 governments,

147 gobernuk sinatutako nazioarteko hitzarmen baten bidez

the 1951 Convention on the Status of Refugees,

(1951ko Iheslarien estatutuari buruzko hitzarmena)

and an international organization, UNHCR,

eta nazioarteko erakunde baten bidez (UNHCR),

states committed to reciprocally admit people onto their territory

estatuek hitzeman zuten beren lurraldean onartuko zituztela

who flee conflict and persecution.

gatazka eta jazarpenetik ihesi zebiltzanak.

But today, that system is failing.

Baina gaur egun, sistema hori huts egiten ari da.

In theory, refugees have a right to seek asylum.

Teorian, iheslariek asilo eskubidea daukate.

In practice, our immigration policies block the path to safety.

Praktikan, gure immigrazio politikek babesa lortzeko bidea oztopatzen dute.

In theory, refugees have a right to a pathway to integration,

Teorian, iheslariek integraziorako eskubidea daukate

or return to the country they've come from.

edo beren jaioterrira bueltatzekoa.

But in practice, they get stuck in almost indefinite limbo.

Baina praktikan, linbo batean geratzen dira harrapatuta.

In theory, refugees are a shared global responsibility.

Teorian, iheslariak guztion ardura dira.

In practice, geography means that countries proximate the conflict

Praktikan, geografiak adierazten duenez, gatazkatik hurbil dauden herrialdeak dira

take the overwhelming majority of the world's refugees.

munduko iheslarien gehiengo izugarria hartzen dutenak.

The system isn't broken because the rules are wrong.

Sistema ez da hautsi arauak gaizki daudelako,

It's that we're not applying them adequately to a changing world,

aldatzen ari den munduan modu okerrean erabiltzen ari garelako baizik,

and that's what we need to reconsider.

eta hori da hausnartu behar duguna.

So I want to explain to you a little bit about how the current system works.

Hala, egungo sistemaren funtzionamendua azaldu nahi dizuet.

How does the refugee regime actually work?

Nola funtzionatzen du sistemak benetan?

But not from a top-down institutional perspective,

Baina ez goitik beherako ikuspuntu instituzionaletik,

rather from the perspective of a refugee.

iheslari baten ikuspuntutik baizik.

So imagine a Syrian woman.

Imajinatu Siriako emakume bat.

Let's call her Amira.

Amira deituko dugu.

And Amira to me represents many of the people I've met in the region.

Eskualdean ezagutu nuen jendea irudikatzen du Amirak.

Amira, like around 25 percent of the world's refugees,

Amira, munduko iheslarien % 25 inguru bezala,

is a woman with children,

seme-alabak dituen emakumea da,

and she can't go home because she comes from this city

eta ezin da etxera joan hiri honetatik etorri delako,

that you see before you, Homs,

aurrean daukazuen hori: Homs.

a once beautiful and historic city

Noizbait eder eta historiko izandako hiria

now under rubble.

orain hondakin azpian dagoena.

And so Amira can't go back there.

Amira ezin da hara bueltatu.

But Amira also has no hope of resettlement to a third country,

Baina ez dauka beste herrialde batean geratzeko itxaropenik ere,

because that's a lottery ticket

munduko iheslarien %1ak baino gutxiagok soilik lor dezaketen loteria txartela baita.

only available to less than one percent of the world's refugees.

So Amira and her family

Amirak eta familiak

face an almost impossible choice.

ia ezinezkoa den aukera bati egiten diote aurre.

They have three basic options.

Oinarrizko hiru aukera dituzte.

The first option is that Amira can take her family to a camp.

Lehenengoa: Amirak kanpaleku batera eraman dezake familia.

In the camp, she might get assistance,

Kanpalekuan, laguntza jaso dezake,

but there are very few prospects for Amira and her family.

baina ez dago aukera handirik Amira eta familiarentzat.

Camps are in bleak, arid locations,

Eremu latz eta lehorretan kokatzen dira kanpalekuak,

often in the desert.

basamortuan askotan.

In the Zaatari refugee camp in Jordan,

Jordaniako Zaatari kanpalekuan,

you can hear the shells across the border in Syria at nighttime.

jaurtigaiak entzun daitezke gauean Siriako mugan zehar.

There's restricted economic activity.

Jarduera ekonomikoa mugatuta dago.

Education is often of poor quality.

Hezkuntzaren kalitatea baxua da sarritan.

And around the world,

Eta munduan,

some 80 percent of refugees who are in camps

kanpalekuetako iheslarien %80 inguruk

have to stay for at least five years.

gutxienez bost urtez egon behar izaten du bertan.

It's a miserable existence,

Bizitza tamalgarria da,

and that's probably why, in reality,

eta baliteke horregatik izatea

only nine percent of Syrians choose that option.

siriarren %9k besterik ez hartzea bide hori.

Alternatively, Amira can head to an urban area

Bestela, Amira hiri batera joan daiteke,

in a neighboring country, like Amman or Beirut.

hurbileko herrialde batean. Amman edo Beirut, esaterako.

That's an option that about 75 percent of Syrian refugees have taken.

Hori da siriar iheslarien %75 inguruk aukeratutako bidea.

But there, there's great difficulty as well.

Baina bertan ere zailtasun handiak daude.

Refugees in such urban areas don't usually have the right to work.

Hiri horietan, iheslariek ez dute lan egiteko eskubiderik izaten.

They don't usually get significant access to assistance.

Ez dute laguntza gehiegi jasotzen.

And so when Amira and her family have used up their basic savings,

Amirak eta familiak aurrezkiak gastatu ondoren

they're left with very little and likely to face urban destitution.

ezer gutxirekin geratzen dira, pobrezia larria jasateko arriskuan.

So there's a third alternative,

Hirugarren aukera bat dago,

and it's one that increasing numbers of Syrians are taking.

geroz eta siriar gehiago aukeratzen ari direna.

Amira can seek some hope for her family

Amirak familiarentzat itxaropena bila dezake

by risking their lives on a dangerous and perilous journey

bidaia arriskutsu batean bizia arriskatuz

to another country,

beste herrialde batera joateko.

and it's that which we're seeing in Europe today.

Hori da gaur egun Europan ikusten ari garena.

Around the world, we present refugees with an almost impossible choice

Mundu osoan, ia ezinezko aukerak ematen dizkiegu iheslariei.

between three options:

Hiru dituzte:

encampment, urban destitution and dangerous journeys.

kanpalekuak, txirotasuna hirietan eta bidaia arriskutsuak.

For refugees, that choice is the global refugee regime today.

Iheslarien babeserako sistema hori da gaur egun iheslarientzat.

But I think it's a false choice.

Baina aukera faltsua dela uste dut

I think we can reconsider that choice.

eta birplanteatu dezakegula.

The reason why we limit those options

Aukerak mugatzearen arrazoia zera da:

is because we think

uste dugu

that those are the only options that are available to refugees,

horiek direla iheslariek dituzten aukera bakarrak

and they're not.

eta ez da hala.

Politicians frame the issue as a zero-sum issue,

Politikariek «gehiketa zero» emango lukeen gai moduan azaltzen dute;

that if we benefit refugees, we're imposing costs on citizens.

iheslariei laguntzen badiegu, herritarrei kostuak inposatuko dizkiegu.

We tend to have a collective assumption

Guztiok pentsatu ohi dugu

that refugees are an inevitable cost or burden to society.

iheslariak kostu edo zama saihestezina direla gizartearentzat.

But they don't have to. They can contribute.

Baina ez du zertan hala izan.

So what I want to argue

Aukera-sorta zabaltzeko moduak daudela eztabaidatu nahi dut,

is there are ways in which we can expand that choice set

and still benefit everyone else:

eta, era berean, guztiontzat onura lortu:

the host states and communities,

iheslarien helmuga diren herrialdeak,

our societies and refugees themselves.

gure gizartea eta baita iheslariak ere.

And I want to suggest four ways

Lau modu proposatu nahi ditut

we can transform the paradigm of how we think about refugees.

iheslariekiko dugun iritziaren paradigma alda dezaketenak.

All four ways have one thing in common:

Antzekotasun bat daukate:

they're all ways in which we take the opportunities of globalization,

globalizazioaren, mugikortasunaren eta merkatuen aukerak

mobility and markets,

aprobetxatzeko bideak dira,

and update the way we think about the refugee issue.

baita iheslariekiko dugun iritzia eguneratzeko ere.

The first one I want to think about

Aztertu nahi dudan lehenengo ideia

is the idea of enabling environments,

«inguruneak egokitzea» da,

and it starts from a very basic recognition

eta funtsezko onarpen batetik abiatzen da:

that refugees are human beings like everyone else,

iheslariak gizakiak dira, beste guztiok bezala,

but they're just in extraordinary circumstances.

baina ezohiko egoeran daude.

Together with my colleagues in Oxford,

Oxfordeko lankideekin batera,

we've embarked on a research project in Uganda

ikerketa proiektu batean abiatu nintzen Ugandara

looking at the economic lives of refugees.

iheslarien bizitza ekonomikoa aztertzeko.

We chose Uganda not because it's representative of all host countries.

Ez genuen Uganda aukeratu helmuga-herrialdeen eredu delako.

It's not. It's exceptional.

Ez da eredua, salbuespena baizik.

Unlike most host countries around the world,

Munduko helmuga herrialde gehienetan ez bezala,

what Uganda has done

Ugandak

is give refugees economic opportunity.

aukera ekonomikoa eman die iheslariei.

It gives them the right to work. It gives them freedom of movement.

Lan egiteko eskubidea ematen die. Mugitzeko askatasuna ematen die.

And the results of that are extraordinary

Eta emaitzak txundigarriak dira

both for refugees and the host community.

bai iheslarientzat bai herrialdearentzat.

In the capital city, Kampala,

Hiriburuan, Kampala-n,

we found that 21 percent of refugees own a business that employs other people,

iheslarien %21ak jendea enplegatzen duen negozio bat dauka

and 40 percent of those employees

eta enplegatutako jendearen %40

are nationals of the host country.

helmuga herrialdekoak dira.

In other words, refugees are making jobs

Hau da, iheslariak lana sortzen ari dira

for citizens of the host country.

helmuga herrialdeko jendearentzat.

Even in the camps, we found extraordinary examples

Kanpalekuetan ere

loratzen ari diren negozio bizi eta ekintzaileen aparteko adibideak aurki daitezke.

of vibrant, flourishing and entrepreneurial businesses.

For example, in a settlement called Nakivale,

Esaterako, Nakivale izeneko kokalekuan

we found examples of Congolese refugees

Kongoko iheslariak aurkitu genituen

running digital music exchange businesses.

musika digitala trukatzeko negozioak kudeatzen.

We found a Rwandan who runs a business that's available

Ruandar bat topatu genuen, eta bere negozioari esker

to allow the youth to play computer games

gazteek bideo-jokoak erabil ditzakete

on recycled games consoles and recycled televisions.

birziklatutako kontsola eta telebistetan.

Against the odds of extreme constraint,

Muturreko bortxaketaren kontra,

refugees are innovating,

iheslariak berritzen ari dira,

and the gentleman you see before you is a Congolese guy called Demou-Kay.

eta aurrean daukazuen gizona Demou-Kay izeneko kongoar bat da.

Demou-Kay arrived in the settlement with very little,

Demou-Kay ezer gutxirekin iritsi zen kokalekura,

but he wanted to be a filmmaker.

baina zinemagile izan nahi zuen.

So with friends and colleagues, he started a community radio station,

Beraz, lagun eta lankideekin batera, eskualde irrati bat sortu zuen,

he rented a video camera,

bideokamera bat alokatu zuen,

and he's now making films.

eta orain filmak egiten ari da.

He made two documentary films

Bi dokumental egin ditu

with and for our team,

gure taldearekin eta taldearentzat,

and he's making a successful business out of very little.

eta negozio arrakastatsua egiten ari da ezer gutxitik abiatuta.

It's those kinds of examples

Horrelako adibideak dira

that should guide our response to refugees.

iheslariekiko gure erantzuna gidatu beharko luketenak.

Rather than seeing refugees

Iheslariak giza-laguntzaren ezinbesteko zama bezala ikusi ordez,

as inevitably dependent upon humanitarian assistance,

we need to provide them with opportunities for human flourishing.

aurrera egiteko aukerak eman behar dizkiegu.

Yes, clothes, blankets, shelter, food

Bai, arropa, mantak, aterpea, janaria

are all important in the emergency phase,

garrantzitsuak dira larrialdiko fasean,

but we need to also look beyond that.

baina harago ere begiratu behar dugu.

We need to provide opportunities to connectivity, electricity,

Konexiorako, argindarrerako eta hezkuntzarako aukerak eman behar ditugu,

education, the right to work,

lanerako eskubidea,

access to capital and banking.

kapitalerako eta bankurako sarrera.

All the ways in which we take for granted

Ziurtzat jotzen ditugun gauza guztiak,

that we are plugged in to the global economy

munduko ekonomiara lotzen gaituztenak,

can and should apply to refugees.

iheslariei aplikatu ahal zaizkie.

The second idea I want to discuss is economic zones.

Aztertu nahi dudan bigarren ideia «zonalde ekonomikoak» dira.

Unfortunately, not every host country in the world

Zoritxarrez, munduko helmuga herrialdeek

takes the approach Uganda has taken.

ez dute Ugandaren irtenbidea jarraitu.

Most host countries don't open up their economies to refugees

Gehienek ez dituzte beren ekonomiak modu horretan zabaltzen.

in the same way.

But there are still pragmatic alternative options that we can use.

Baina baditugu erabil ditzakegun beste aukera pragmatiko batzuk.

Last April, I traveled to Jordan with my colleague,

Apirilean, Jordaniara joan nintzen

the development economist Paul Collier,

garapenaren ekonomian aditua den Paul Collier-rekin,

and we brainstormed an idea while we were there

eta ideia bat izan genuen

with the international community and the government,

nazioarteko elkartearekin eta gobernuarekin geundela,

an idea to bring jobs to Syrians

siriarrentzat lana sortzen duen ideia

while supporting Jordan's national development strategy.

eta Jordaniako garapen estrategia nazionala bermatzen duena.

The idea is for an economic zone,

Gune ekonomiko bat sortzea da ideia,

one in which we could potentially integrate the employment of refugees

iheslarientzako enplegua integra genezakeen gunea

alongside the employment of Jordanian host nationals.

jordaniarren enpleguarekin batera.

And just 15 minutes away from the Zaatari refugee camp,

Eta Zaatari kanpalekutik 15 minutura soilik,

home to 83,000 refugees,

83.000 iheslariren bizitokia,

is an existing economic zone

badago gune ekonomiko bat

called the King Hussein Bin Talal Development Area.

Hussein Bin Talal Errege Garapen Gunea izenekoa.

The government has spent over a hundred million dollars

Gobernuak milioi bat dolar baino gehiago gastatu ditu

connecting it to the electricity grid, connecting it to the road network,

sare elektrikora eta errepide sarera konektatzeko

but it lacked two things:

baina bi gauza falta zaizkio:

access to labor and inward investment.

eskulana eta barne inbertsioa.

So what if refugees were able to work there

Eta iheslariek bertan lan egin balezakete,

rather than being stuck in camps,

kanpalekuetan trabatuta egon ordez,

able to support their families and develop skills through vocational training

familiak mantentzeko eta lanbide teknikak hobetzeko gai balira

before they go back to Syria?

Siriara bueltatu aurretik?

We recognized that that could benefit Jordan,

Igarri genuen Jordaniari onura egingo ziola,

whose development strategy requires it to make the leap

garapen estrategiak aldaketa eskatzen baitu

as a middle income country to manufacturing.

diru sarrera ertaineko herrialde izatetik ekoizle izatera.

It could benefit refugees, but it could also contribute

Iheslarientzat onuragarria izan liteke,

eta Siria berreraikitzea lagundu lezake gatazkaren ondoren,

to the postconflict reconstruction of Syria

by recognizing that we need to incubate refugees

iheslariei formatzen laguntzea

as the best source of eventually rebuilding Syria.

noizbait Siria berreraikitzeko modu onena dela onartuz.

We published the idea in the journal Foreign Affairs.

Foreign Affairs aldizkarian argitaratu genuen ideia.

King Abdullah has picked up on the idea.

Abdullah erregeak kontuan hartu du.

It was announced at the London Syria Conference two weeks ago,

Londreseko Siriari buruzko konferentzian iragarri zen duela bi aste,

and a pilot will begin in the summer.

eta udan proba bat jarriko dute martxan.

(Applause)

(Txaloak)

The third idea that I want to put to you

Aurkeztu nahi dizuedan hirugarren ideia

is preference matching between states and refugees

estatu-iheslari arteko «lehentasunezko lotura // batasuna» da

to lead to the kinds of happy outcomes you see here in the selfie

emaitza pozgarriak lortzeko,

Angela Merkel eta siriar iheslari honen argazkian bezala.

featuring Angela Merkel and a Syrian refugee.

What we rarely do is ask refugees what they want, where they want to go,

Nekez galdetzen diegu iheslariei zer nahi duten, nora joan nahi duten,

but I'd argue we can do that

baina egin dezakegula uste dut

and still make everyone better off.

eta guztion egoera ekonomikoa hobetu.

The economist Alvin Roth has developed the idea of matching markets,

Alvin Roth ekonomialariak «bat datozen merkatuen» ideia garatu du,

ways in which the preference ranking of the parties shapes an eventual match.

non alderdien lehentasunek azken lotura irudikatzen duten.

My colleagues Will Jones and Alex Teytelboym

Nire lankide Will Jones eta Alex Teytelboym-ek

have explored ways in which that idea could be applied to refugees,

ideia hori iheslariengan nola ezar litekeen aztertu dute,

to ask refugees to rank their preferred destinations,

iheslariei eskatzeko nahiago dituzten helmugak sailka ditzaten,

but also allow states to rank the types of refugees they want

eta baita estatuek nahi dituzten iheslari motak sailka ditzaten

on skills criteria or language criteria

trebetasunei edo hizkuntzari dagokionez

and allow those to match.

eta elkar daitezen ahalbidetzea.

Now, of course you'd need to build in quotas

Aurrekontuak finkatu behar dira, jakina,

on things like diversity and vulnerability,

aniztasuna eta sentikortasuna bezalako arloetan,

but it's a way of increasing the possibilities of matching.

baina bat etortzeko aukerak handitzeko modu bat da.

The matching idea has been successfully used

Bat etortzearen ideia arrakastaz erabili da

to match, for instance, students with university places,

ikasleak unibertsitateekin lotzeko, adibidez,

to match kidney donors with patients,

edo giltzurrun emaileak pazienteekin,

and it underlies the kind of algorithms that exist on dating websites.

eta zita webguneetako algoritmoen oinarria da.

So why not apply that to give refugees greater choice?

Zergatik ez dugu erabiltzen iheslariei aukera gehiago emateko?

It could also be used at the national level,

Nazio-mailan ere erabil liteke,

where one of the great challenges we face

izan ere, gainditu beharreko auzietako bat

is to persuade local communities to accept refugees.

tokian tokiko herritarrek iheslariak onartzea da.

And at the moment, in my country, for instance,

Eta momentuz, nire herrialdean esaterako,

we often send engineers to rural areas and farmers to the cities,

ingeniariak landara bidali ohi ditugu eta nekazariak hirietara,

which makes no sense at all.

eta horrek ez du inolako zentzurik.

So matching markets offer a potential way to bring those preferences together

Bat datozen merkatuei esker lehentasun horiek batu ahalko lirateke

and listen to the needs and demands of the populations that host

eta helmuga-herrialdeko beharrak eta eskaerak entzun

and the refugees themselves.

iheslarienekin batera.

The fourth idea I want to put to you is of humanitarian visas.

Aurkeztu nahi dizuedan laugarren ideia «bisa humanitarioak» dira.

Much of the tragedy and chaos we've seen in Europe

Europan ikusi dugun hondamendiaren zati handi bat

was entirely avoidable.

guztiz ekidin zitekeen.

It stems from a fundamental contradiction in Europe's asylum policy,

Europako asilo-politikaren oinarrizko kontraesan batek eragiten du.

which is the following:

that in order to seek asylum in Europe,

Europan asiloa eskatzeko

you have to arrive spontaneously by embarking on those dangerous journeys

berez iritsi behar duzu, bidaia arriskutsu batean abiatuta

that I described.

(lehen deskribatu ditudanak).

But why should those journeys be necessary in an era of the budget airline

Baina zergatik egin horrelako bidaiak hegaldi merkeen

and modern consular capabilities?

eta ahalmen kontsular modernoen aroan?

They're completely unnecessary journeys,

Ez dira inolaz ere beharrezkoak

and last year, they led to the deaths of over 3,000 people

eta, aurreko urtean, 3.000 pertsonatik gora hil ziren horien erruz

on Europe's borders and within European territory.

Europako mugetan eta Europan bertan.

If refugees were simply allowed

Iheslariei utziko bagenie

to travel directly and seek asylum in Europe,

zuzenean bidaiatzea eta Europan asiloa eskatzea,

we would avoid that,

hori guztia ekidingo genuke

and there's a way of doing that

eta badago hori lortzeko modua

through something called a humanitarian visa,

«bisa humanitario» izenekoei esker,

that allows people to collect a visa at an embassy

enbaxadetan bildu daitezkeenak

or a consulate in a neighboring country

edo ondoko herrialdeko kontsuletxe batean

and then simply pay their own way

eta gero, beren bidaia ordaindu

through a ferry or a flight to Europe.

ferryz edo hegazkinez Europara iristeko.

It costs around a thousand euros

Mila euro inguru balio du

to take a smuggler from Turkey to the Greek islands.

trafikatzaile bat hartzea Turkiatik Greziar irletaraino.

It costs 200 euros to take a budget airline from Bodrum to Frankfurt.

200 euro balio du hegazkin merke bat hartzea Bodrum-etik Frankfurtera.

If we allowed refugees to do that, it would have major advantages.

Iheslariei baimena emango bagenie, abantaila handiak ekarriko lituzke.

It would save lives,

Biziak salbatuko lituzke,

it would undercut the entire market for smugglers,

trafikatzaileen merkatua ahulduko luke

and it would remove the chaos we see from Europe's front line

eta deuseztatuko litzateke Europatik antzematen den anabasa

in areas like the Greek islands.

Greziar irlak bezalako tokietan.

It's politics that prevents us doing that rather than a rational solution.

Politikak ez digu hori egiten uzten konponbide arrazional baten beharrean.

And this is an idea that has been applied.

Eta aplikatu den ideia da.

Brazil has adopted a pioneering approach

Brasilek ikuspuntu aitzindari bat izan du

where over 2,000 Syrians have been able to get humanitarian visas,

non 2.000 siriar baino gehiagok bisa humanitario bana eskuratu,

enter Brazil, and claim refugee status on arrival in Brazil.

Brasilen sartu eta iheslari estatusa aldarrikatu duten Brasilera iristean.

And in that scheme, every Syrian who has gone through it

Egitasmo horren baitan, siriar bakoitzak

has received refugee status and been recognized as a genuine refugee.

iheslari estatusa jaso du eta iheslari zintzotzat hartu dute.

There is a historical precedent for it as well.

Aurrekari historiko bat ere badauka.

Between 1922 and 1942,

1922 eta 1942 artean,

these Nansen passports were used as travel documents

Nansen pasaporte hauek bidaiatzeko agiri moduan erabili ziren

to allow 450,000 Assyrians, Turks and Chechens

450.000 asiriar, turkiar eta txetxeniarrek Europan zehar bidaia zezaten

to travel across Europe

eta Europan iheslari estatusa aldarrika zezaten.

and claim refugee status elsewhere in Europe.

And the Nansen International Refugee Office

Eta Iheslarientzako Nazioarteko Nansen Bulegoak

received the Nobel Peace Prize

Bakearen Nobel Saria jaso zuen

in recognition of this being a viable strategy.

estrategia bideragarria izateagatik.

So all four of these ideas that I've presented you

Aurkeztu dizkizuedan lau ideiak

are ways in which we can expand Amira's choice set.

Amiraren aukera-sorta zabaltzeko moduak dira.

They're ways in which we can have greater choice for refugees

Horiei esker iheslarientzako aukera hobeak lor ditzakegu

beyond those basic, impossible three options

azaldu dizkizuedan oinarrizko hiru aukeretatik harago

I explained to you

and still leave others better off.

eta beste batzuk egoera ekonomiko hobean utzi.

In conclusion, we really need a new vision,

Hitz batean, ikuspegi berria behar dugu,

a vision that enlarges the choices of refugees

iheslarien aukerak zabalduko dituena,

but recognizes that they don't have to be a burden.

baina zama ez direla aitortzen duena.

There's nothing inevitable about refugees being a cost.

Iheslariak kostua izatea saihestu daiteke.

Yes, they are a humanitarian responsibility,

Bai, giza-erantzukizuna dira,

but they're human beings with skills, talents, aspirations,

baina trebetasunak, talentua eta nahiak dituzten gizakiak dira,

with the ability to make contributions -- if we let them.

ekarpenak egin ditzaketenak -- aukera ematen badiegu.

In the new world,

Mundu berrian

migration is not going to go away.

migrazioa ez da desagertuko.

What we've seen in Europe will be with us for many years.

Europan ikusi duguna urte askotarako egongo da gurekin.

People will continue to travel,

Jendeak bidaiatzen jarraituko du,

they'll continue to be displaced,

lekualdatuko dituzte

and we need to find rational, realistic ways of managing this --

eta hori moldatzeko bide arrazional eta errealistak aurkitu behar ditugu

not based on the old logics of humanitarian assistance,

-- laguntza humanitarioaren logika zaharretan oinarritzen ez direnak,

not based on logics of charity,

karitatearen logikan oinarritzen ez direnak,

but building on the opportunities

baizik eta globalizazioak, merkatuek eta mugikortasunak eskaintzen dituzten aukeretan eraikitakoak.

offered by globalization, markets and mobility.

I'd urge you all to wake up and urge our politicians

Altxatzea eskatuko nizueke, eta gure politikariak bultzatzea

to wake up to this challenge.

erronka honen aurrean esna daitezen.

Thank you very much.

Eskerrik asko.

(Applause)

(Txaloak)