Our refugee system is failing. Here's how we can fix it | Alexander Betts

148,112 views ใƒป 2016-03-24

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ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Niv Morgenstern ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:12
There are times when I feel really quite ashamed
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ื™ืฉื ื ื–ืžื ื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืืžืช ื“ื™ื™ ืžื‘ื•ื™ื™ืฉ
00:16
to be a European.
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืจื•ืคืื™.
00:18
In the last year,
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ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”,
00:20
more than a million people arrived in Europe in need of our help,
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ืžืขืœ ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืขื–ืจืชื ื•,
00:24
and our response, frankly, has been pathetic.
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ื•ืชื’ื•ื‘ืชื ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื”, ืœืืžื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ื“ื™ื™ ืคืชื˜ื™ืช.
00:29
There are just so many contradictions.
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ื™ืฉ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืกืชื™ืจื•ืช.
00:32
We mourn the tragic death
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืื‘ืœื™ื ืขืœ ืžื•ืชื• ื”ื˜ืจื’ื™
00:34
of two-year-old Alan Kurdi,
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ืฉืœ ืื™ืœืืŸ ืงื•ืจื“ื™ ื‘ืŸ ื”ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื,
00:38
and yet, since then, more than 200 children
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ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ื–ืืช, ืžืื–, ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-200 ื™ืœื“ื™ื
00:41
have subsequently drowned in the Mediterranean.
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ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื• ื‘ื™ื ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ.
00:45
We have international treaties
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื”ืกื›ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื
00:47
that recognize that refugees are a shared responsibility,
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ืฉืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื”ื ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช,
00:50
and yet we accept that tiny Lebanon
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืฉืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืงื˜ื ื”
00:53
hosts more Syrians than the whole of Europe combined.
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ืžืืจื—ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืกื•ืจื™ื ืžืืฉืจ ื›ืœ ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื™ื—ื“ื™ื•.
00:58
We lament the existence of human smugglers,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงื•ื ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืงื™ื•ืžื ืฉืœ ืกื•ื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื,
01:02
and yet we make that the only viable route
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ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ื–ืืช ืื ื• ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื–ืืช ื›ื ืชื™ื‘ ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™
01:05
to seek asylum in Europe.
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ืœืžื—ืคืฉื™ ืžืงืœื˜ ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื”.
01:08
We have labor shortages,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื,
01:10
and yet we exclude people who fit our economic and demographic needs
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ื ืขื™ื ืžืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื“ืžื•ื’ืจืคื™ื ืฉืœื ื•
01:16
from coming to Europe.
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ืžืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืื™ืจื•ืคื”.
01:19
We proclaim our liberal values in opposition to fundamentalist Islam,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื ืฉืขืจื›ื™ื ื• ื”ืœื™ื‘ืจืœื™ื ื”ืคื•ื›ื™ื ืœืืกืœื ื”ืคื•ื ื“ืžื ื˜ืœื™ืกื˜ื™,
01:24
and yet --
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช --
01:27
we have repressive policies
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื“ื›ืืช
01:30
that detain child asylum seekers,
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ืฉืขื•ืฆืจืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžื—ืคืฉื™ ืžืงืœื˜,
01:33
that separate children from their families,
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ืฉืžืคืจื™ื“ื” ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืžืฉืคื—ื•ืชื™ื”ื
01:36
and that seize property from refugees.
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ื•ืœื•ืงื—ืช ืจื›ื•ืฉ ืžืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื.
01:40
What are we doing?
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ืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื?
01:42
How has the situation come to this,
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ืื™ืš ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš,
01:45
that we've adopted such an inhumane response to a humanitarian crisis?
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ืฉืื™ืžืฆื ื• ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื›ื” ืœื ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ืœืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื•ืžื ื™ื˜ืจื™?
01:51
I don't believe it's because people don't care,
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœื ืื›ืคืช,
01:53
or at least I don't want to believe it's because people don't care.
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ืื• ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืื ื™ ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœื ืื›ืคืช.
01:56
I believe it's because our politicians lack a vision,
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ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืœืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื—ืกืจ ื—ื–ื•ืŸ,
02:00
a vision for how to adapt an international refugee system
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ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืœืื™ืš ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืžืขืจื›ืช ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช
02:04
created over 50 years ago
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ืฉื ื•ืฆืจื” ืœืคื ื™ 50 ืฉื ื”
02:06
for a changing and globalized world.
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ืœืขื•ืœื ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ื•ืžืฉืชื ื”.
02:09
And so what I want to do is take a step back
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ื” ืœืงื—ืช ืฆืขื“ ืื—ื•ืจื”
02:12
and ask two really fundamental questions,
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ื•ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืฉืชื™ ืฉืืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช,
02:15
the two questions we all need to ask.
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ืฉืชื™ ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฉืื•ืœ.
02:18
First, why is the current system not working?
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ืจืืฉื™ืช, ืœืžื” ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช ืœื ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช?
02:21
And second, what can we do to fix it?
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ื•ืฉื ื™ืช, ืžื” ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืงืŸ ืื•ืชื”?
02:26
So the modern refugee regime
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ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช
02:28
was created in the aftermath of the Second World War by these guys.
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ื ื•ืฆืจื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจ'ื” ื”ืืœื•.
02:34
Its basic aim is to ensure
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ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ืฉืœื” ื”ื™ื ืœื•ื•ื“ื
02:37
that when a state fails, or worse, turns against its own people,
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ืฉื›ืฉืžื“ื™ื ื” ื ื›ืฉืœืช ืื• ื’ืจื•ืข ืžื›ืš, ืคื•ื ื” ื ื’ื“ ืื ืฉื™ื”,
02:41
people have somewhere to go,
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ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืืŸ ืœืœื›ืช,
02:43
to live in safety and dignity until they can go home.
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ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืขื“ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”.
02:46
It was created precisely for situations like the situation we see in Syria today.
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ื”ื™ื ื ื•ืฆืจื” ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืกื™ื˜ื•ืืฆื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื”ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืกื•ืจื™ื” ื›ื™ื•ื.
02:52
Through an international convention signed by 147 governments,
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ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืžื ื” ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ื—ืชื•ืžื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ 147 ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช,
02:57
the 1951 Convention on the Status of Refugees,
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ืืžื ืช ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ืž-1951
03:00
and an international organization, UNHCR,
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ื•ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื, UNHCR (ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื•"ื),
03:03
states committed to reciprocally admit people onto their territory
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ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื• ื”ื“ื“ื™ืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื˜ืจื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœื”ืŸ
03:08
who flee conflict and persecution.
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ืฉื‘ื•ืจื—ื™ื ืžืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื•ืจื“ื™ืคื”.
03:11
But today, that system is failing.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื, ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื–ื• ื›ื•ืฉืœืช.
03:14
In theory, refugees have a right to seek asylum.
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ื‘ืชืื•ืจื™ื”, ืœืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื™ืฉ ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื—ืคืฉ ืžืงืœื˜.
03:18
In practice, our immigration policies block the path to safety.
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ืืš ื‘ืคืจืงื˜ื™ืงื”, ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื”ื’ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื—ื•ืกืžืช ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉืœื”ื ืœืžืงืœื˜.
03:23
In theory, refugees have a right to a pathway to integration,
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ื‘ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื”, ืœืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื™ืฉ ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœืฉื™ืœื•ื‘,
03:27
or return to the country they've come from.
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ืื• ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืžื ื” ื‘ืื•.
03:30
But in practice, they get stuck in almost indefinite limbo.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืคืจืงื˜ื™ืงื”, ื”ื ื ืชืงืขื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื ื›ืžืขื˜ ืื™ื ืกื•ืคื™.
03:34
In theory, refugees are a shared global responsibility.
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ื‘ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื”, ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื”ื ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช.
03:38
In practice, geography means that countries proximate the conflict
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ื‘ืคืจืงื˜ื™ืงื”, ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื’ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ืช ื”ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜
03:42
take the overwhelming majority of the world's refugees.
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ืœื•ืงื—ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
03:46
The system isn't broken because the rules are wrong.
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ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืื™ื ื” ืฉื‘ื•ืจื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืœื ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื.
03:49
It's that we're not applying them adequately to a changing world,
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ื”ื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžื™ื™ืฉืžื™ื ืื•ืชื ื‘ื”ืชืืžื” ืœืขื•ืœื ืžืฉืชื ื”,
03:53
and that's what we need to reconsider.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฉืงื•ืœ.
03:56
So I want to explain to you a little bit about how the current system works.
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื›ื ืงืฆืช ืขืœ ืื™ืš ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช ืคื•ืขืœืช.
04:00
How does the refugee regime actually work?
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ืื™ืš ืžืฉื˜ืจ ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ืคื•ืขืœ?
04:03
But not from a top-down institutional perspective,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืžื’ื™ืฉื” ืžื•ืกื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืœืžืขืœื”-ืœืžื˜ื”,
04:06
rather from the perspective of a refugee.
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ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช ืžื–ื•ื•ื™ืช ืจืื™ื” ืฉืœ ืคืœื™ื˜.
04:10
So imagine a Syrian woman.
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ืื– ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืื™ืฉื” ืกื•ืจื™ืช.
04:12
Let's call her Amira.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืงืจื ืœื” ืืžื™ืจื”.
04:14
And Amira to me represents many of the people I've met in the region.
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ื•ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ืืžื™ืจื” ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืคื’ืฉืชื™ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ.
04:19
Amira, like around 25 percent of the world's refugees,
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ืืžื™ืจื”, ื›ืžื• 25 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžืคืœื™ื˜ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
04:22
is a woman with children,
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ื”ื™ื ืื™ืฉื” ืขื ื™ืœื“ื™ื,
04:24
and she can't go home because she comes from this city
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืœื›ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืชื” ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ื‘ืื” ืžื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื–ื•
04:28
that you see before you, Homs,
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ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืœืคื ื™ื›ื, ื—ื•ืžืก,
04:30
a once beautiful and historic city
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ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ืขื™ืจ ื™ืคื™ืคื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช
04:32
now under rubble.
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ื›ืขืช ืชื—ืช ื”ืจื™ืกื•ืช.
04:34
And so Amira can't go back there.
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ืื– ืืžื™ืจื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฉื.
04:37
But Amira also has no hope of resettlement to a third country,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืืžื™ืจื” ื’ื ืื™ืŸ ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช,
04:41
because that's a lottery ticket
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื–ื” ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ืœื•ื˜ื•
04:42
only available to less than one percent of the world's refugees.
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ืฉื–ืžื™ืŸ ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืžืื—ื“ ืื—ื•ื– ืžืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช.
04:46
So Amira and her family
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ืื– ืืžื™ืจื” ื•ืžืฉืคื—ืชื”
04:49
face an almost impossible choice.
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ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™ ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ืœื ืืคืฉืจื™ืช.
04:51
They have three basic options.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื•ืช.
04:54
The first option is that Amira can take her family to a camp.
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ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืืžื™ืจื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœื” ืœืžื—ื ื”.
05:00
In the camp, she might get assistance,
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ื‘ืžื—ื ื” ื”ื–ื” ื”ื™ื ืื•ืœื™ ืชืงื‘ืœ ืกื™ื•ืข,
05:03
but there are very few prospects for Amira and her family.
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ืืš ื™ืฉ ืžืขื˜ ืžืื•ื“ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืืžื™ืจื” ื•ืœืžืฉืคื—ืชื”.
05:06
Camps are in bleak, arid locations,
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ืžื—ื ื•ืช ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืขื’ื•ืžื™ื ื•ืฆื—ื™ื—ื™ื,
05:10
often in the desert.
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ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ.
05:12
In the Zaatari refugee camp in Jordan,
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ื‘ืžื—ื ื” ืฆืื˜ืืจื™ ื‘ื™ืจื“ืŸ,
05:14
you can hear the shells across the border in Syria at nighttime.
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ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืช ื”ื”ืคื’ื–ื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืขื ืกื•ืจื™ื”.
05:20
There's restricted economic activity.
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ื™ืฉ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช.
05:23
Education is often of poor quality.
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ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืจืžื” ื ืžื•ื›ื”.
05:25
And around the world,
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ื•ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
05:27
some 80 percent of refugees who are in camps
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ื›-80 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ืฉื‘ืžื—ื ื•ืช
05:30
have to stay for at least five years.
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ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื.
05:33
It's a miserable existence,
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ื–ื” ืงื™ื•ื ืื•ืžืœืœ,
05:34
and that's probably why, in reality,
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื›ื ืจืื”, ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช,
05:37
only nine percent of Syrians choose that option.
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ืจืง ืชืฉืขื” ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื”ืกื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืฆื™ื” ื”ื–ื•.
05:41
Alternatively, Amira can head to an urban area
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ืœื—ืœื•ืคื™ืŸ, ืืžื™ืจื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืœื›ืช ืœืื–ื•ืจ ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™
05:45
in a neighboring country, like Amman or Beirut.
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ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉื›ื ื” ื›ืžื• ืขืžืืŸ ืื• ื‘ื™ื™ืจื•ืช.
05:49
That's an option that about 75 percent of Syrian refugees have taken.
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ื–ื• ืื•ืคืฆื™ื” ืฉื›-75 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื”ืกื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื•ื—ื™ื.
05:54
But there, there's great difficulty as well.
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ืื‘ืœ ืฉื, ื™ืฉ ืงื•ืฉื™ ืื“ื™ืจ ื’ื ื›ืŸ.
05:57
Refugees in such urban areas don't usually have the right to work.
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ืœืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื ื›ืืœื” ืœืจื•ื‘ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“.
06:02
They don't usually get significant access to assistance.
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ืœืจื•ื‘ ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื’ื™ืฉื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืœืขื–ืจื”.
06:05
And so when Amira and her family have used up their basic savings,
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื›ืืฉืจ ืืžื™ืจื” ื•ืžืฉืคื—ืชื” ื ื™ืฆืœื• ืืช ื—ืกื›ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื,
06:09
they're left with very little and likely to face urban destitution.
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ื”ื ื ืฉืืจื™ื ืขื ืžืขื˜ ืžืื•ื“ ื•ืฆืคื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืขื•ื ื™ ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™.
06:14
So there's a third alternative,
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ืื– ื™ืฉ ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช,
06:16
and it's one that increasing numbers of Syrians are taking.
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ื•ื–ื• ืื—ืช ืฉืžืกืคืจ ื’ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ืกื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื•ื—ืจ ื‘ื”.
06:21
Amira can seek some hope for her family
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ืืžื™ืจื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื—ืคืฉ ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืœืžืฉืคื—ืชื”
06:26
by risking their lives on a dangerous and perilous journey
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ื‘ืžืกืข ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ
06:29
to another country,
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ืœืืจืฅ ืื—ืจืช,
06:31
and it's that which we're seeing in Europe today.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื”ื™ื•ื.
06:35
Around the world, we present refugees with an almost impossible choice
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ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ืœืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™ืช
06:40
between three options:
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ืช:
06:42
encampment, urban destitution and dangerous journeys.
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ืžื—ื ื”, ื“ืœื•ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช ื•ืžืกืขื•ืช ืžืกื•ื›ื ื™ื.
06:47
For refugees, that choice is the global refugee regime today.
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื, ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืžืฉื˜ืจ ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื.
06:52
But I think it's a false choice.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื• ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืžื•ื˜ืขื™ืช.
06:54
I think we can reconsider that choice.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืฉื ื™ืช ืืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื”ื–ื•.
06:57
The reason why we limit those options
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ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื’ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•
07:02
is because we think
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ื”ื™ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื
07:05
that those are the only options that are available to refugees,
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ืฉืืœื• ื”ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื,
07:09
and they're not.
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ื•ื”ืŸ ืœื.
07:11
Politicians frame the issue as a zero-sum issue,
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ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ืžืžืกื’ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื›ืžืฉื—ืง ืกื›ื•ื ืืคืก,
07:14
that if we benefit refugees, we're imposing costs on citizens.
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ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื ืขื ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื˜ื™ืœื™ื ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื.
07:18
We tend to have a collective assumption
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื”ื ื—ื” ืงื•ืœืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช
07:20
that refugees are an inevitable cost or burden to society.
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ืฉื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืžื ืขืช ืื• ืขื•ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”.
07:24
But they don't have to. They can contribute.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช. ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืชืจื•ื.
07:26
So what I want to argue
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ
07:28
is there are ways in which we can expand that choice set
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ื–ื” ืฉื™ืฉื ืŸ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื“ืจื›ืŸ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ืช
07:31
and still benefit everyone else:
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื›ื•ืœื ืœื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื—:
07:33
the host states and communities,
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ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืืจื—ื•ืช ื•ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช,
07:35
our societies and refugees themselves.
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ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœื ื• ื•ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ืขืฆืžื.
07:39
And I want to suggest four ways
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ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืืจื‘ืข ื“ืจื›ื™ื
07:41
we can transform the paradigm of how we think about refugees.
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืคืจื“ื™ื’ืžื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื.
07:45
All four ways have one thing in common:
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ืœื›ืœ ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื™ืฉ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ:
07:48
they're all ways in which we take the opportunities of globalization,
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ื›ื•ืœืŸ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื”,
07:52
mobility and markets,
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ื ื™ื™ื“ื•ืช ื•ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื,
07:54
and update the way we think about the refugee issue.
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ื•ืœืขื“ื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื.
07:58
The first one I want to think about
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ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœื™ื•
08:00
is the idea of enabling environments,
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืžืืคืฉืจืช,
08:02
and it starts from a very basic recognition
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืžื”ื‘ื ื” ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช
08:05
that refugees are human beings like everyone else,
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ืฉืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื”ื ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื›ืžื• ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืื—ืจ,
08:08
but they're just in extraordinary circumstances.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืจืง ื‘ืกื™ื˜ื•ืืฆื™ื” ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช.
08:11
Together with my colleagues in Oxford,
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ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืขืžื™ืชื™ื™ ื‘ืื•ืงืกืคื•ืจื“,
08:13
we've embarked on a research project in Uganda
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ื™ืฆืื ื• ืœืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืžื—ืงืจ ื‘ืื•ื’ื ื“ื”
08:15
looking at the economic lives of refugees.
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ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื.
08:19
We chose Uganda not because it's representative of all host countries.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืื•ื’ื ื“ื” ืœื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืืจื—ื•ืช.
08:23
It's not. It's exceptional.
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ื”ื™ื ืœื. ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืืช ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœ.
08:25
Unlike most host countries around the world,
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ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืฉืืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืขืœื•ื,
08:28
what Uganda has done
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ืžื” ืฉืื•ื’ื ื“ื” ืขืฉืชื”
08:29
is give refugees economic opportunity.
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ื”ื™ื ื ื•ืชื ืช ืœืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช.
08:32
It gives them the right to work. It gives them freedom of movement.
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ื”ื™ื ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื”ื ืืช ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“. ื”ื™ื ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื”ื ืืช ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื”ืชื ื•ืขื”.
08:36
And the results of that are extraordinary
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ื•ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ื” ื™ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœ
08:39
both for refugees and the host community.
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ื’ื ืœืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื•ื’ื ืœืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ืžืืจื—ืช.
08:42
In the capital city, Kampala,
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ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื”, ืงืžืคืœื”,
08:44
we found that 21 percent of refugees own a business that employs other people,
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ืžืฆืื ื• ืฉ-21 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืขืกืงื™ื ืฉืžืขืกื™ืงื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื,
08:49
and 40 percent of those employees
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ื•-40% ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืืœื•
08:52
are nationals of the host country.
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ื”ื ื‘ื ื™ ืœืื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืžืืจื—ืช.
08:54
In other words, refugees are making jobs
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ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช
08:56
for citizens of the host country.
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ืœืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืžืืจื—ืช.
08:59
Even in the camps, we found extraordinary examples
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืžื—ื ื•ืช, ืžืฆืื ื• ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื“ื•ืคืŸ
09:03
of vibrant, flourishing and entrepreneurial businesses.
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ืฉืœ ื™ื–ืžื•ืช ืขืกืงื™ืช ืคื•ืจื—ืช ื•ืคื•ืขืœืช.
09:07
For example, in a settlement called Nakivale,
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื‘ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืฉื ืงืจืืช ื ืงื™ื‘ืœื”,
09:11
we found examples of Congolese refugees
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ืžืฆืื ื• ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ืžืงื•ื ื’ื•
09:14
running digital music exchange businesses.
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ืžืคืขื™ืœื™ื ืขืกืงื™ ื”ื—ืœืคืช ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ืช.
09:16
We found a Rwandan who runs a business that's available
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ืžืฆืื ื• ืจื•ืื ื“ื™ ืฉืžืคืขื™ืœ ืขืกืง
09:20
to allow the youth to play computer games
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ืฉืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืœืฉื—ืง ื‘ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘
09:23
on recycled games consoles and recycled televisions.
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ื‘ืงื•ื ืกื•ืœื•ืช ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ืžืžื•ื—ื–ืจื•ืช ื•ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื•ืช ืžืžื•ื—ื–ืจื•ืช.
09:28
Against the odds of extreme constraint,
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ื ื’ื“ ื›ืœ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช,
09:31
refugees are innovating,
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ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื”ื ื™ื•ื–ืžื™ื,
09:33
and the gentleman you see before you is a Congolese guy called Demou-Kay.
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ื•ื”ืื“ื•ืŸ ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืœืคื ื™ื›ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืงื•ื ื’ื•ืื™ ืฉื ืงืจื ื“ืžื•-ืงื™ื™.
09:37
Demou-Kay arrived in the settlement with very little,
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ื“ืžื•-ืงื™ื™ ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืขื ืžืขื˜ ืžืื•ื“,
09:40
but he wanted to be a filmmaker.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืจืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืกืจื˜ื™ื.
09:43
So with friends and colleagues, he started a community radio station,
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ืื– ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืงื•ืœื’ื•ืช, ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืชื—ื ืช ืจื“ื™ื• ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช,
09:47
he rented a video camera,
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื›ืจ ืžืฆืœืžืช ื•ื™ื“ืื•,
09:48
and he's now making films.
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ื•ืขืชื” ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืกืจื˜ื™ื.
09:50
He made two documentary films
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ื”ื•ื ื™ืฆืจ ืฉื ื™ ืกืจื˜ื™ื ื“ืงื•ืžื ื˜ืจื™ื™ื
09:52
with and for our team,
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ืขื ื•ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•,
09:54
and he's making a successful business out of very little.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืขืกืง ืžืฆืœื™ื— ืขื ืžืขื˜ ืžืื•ื“.
09:58
It's those kinds of examples
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ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ ื–ื”
10:00
that should guide our response to refugees.
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ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœื ื• ืœืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื.
10:03
Rather than seeing refugees
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื
10:04
as inevitably dependent upon humanitarian assistance,
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ื›ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ื‘ืกื™ื•ืข ื”ื•ืžื ื™ื˜ืจื™,
10:08
we need to provide them with opportunities for human flourishing.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืกืคืง ืœื”ื ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืคืจื™ื—ื” ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช.
10:12
Yes, clothes, blankets, shelter, food
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ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื, ืฉืžื™ื›ื•ืช, ืžืงืœื˜, ืžื–ื•ืŸ
10:16
are all important in the emergency phase,
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ื›ื•ืœื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ื—ื™ืจื•ื,
10:19
but we need to also look beyond that.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื’ื ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื›ืš.
10:22
We need to provide opportunities to connectivity, electricity,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืกืคืง ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ืœื—ืฉืžืœ,
10:26
education, the right to work,
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ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”,
10:29
access to capital and banking.
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ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื”ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื ืงืื•ืช.
10:31
All the ways in which we take for granted
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ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉืื ื• ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ื›ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืžืืœื™ื”ื
10:33
that we are plugged in to the global economy
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ืฉืื ื• ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช
10:35
can and should apply to refugees.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ืคืงื™ื ืœืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื.
10:39
The second idea I want to discuss is economic zones.
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื.
10:43
Unfortunately, not every host country in the world
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ืœืฆืขืจื ื•, ืœื ื›ืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืืจื—ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื
10:46
takes the approach Uganda has taken.
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ืœื•ืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉืื•ื’ื ื“ื” ืœืงื—ื”.
10:48
Most host countries don't open up their economies to refugees
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ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืืจื—ื•ืช ืœื ืคื•ืชื—ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืœืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื
10:51
in the same way.
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ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ื“ืจืš.
10:53
But there are still pragmatic alternative options that we can use.
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืื•ืคืฆื™ื•ืช ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืคืจื’ืžื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ืฆืข.
10:59
Last April, I traveled to Jordan with my colleague,
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ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ, ื˜ื™ื™ืœืชื™ ืœื™ืจื“ืŸ ืขื ื”ืงื•ืœื’ื” ืฉืœื™,
11:01
the development economist Paul Collier,
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ืคืื•ืœ ืงื•ืœื™ืืจ ื›ืœื›ืœืŸ ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื—,
11:04
and we brainstormed an idea while we were there
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ื•ื‘ื™ืฆืขื ื• ืกื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื•ื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื
11:07
with the international community and the government,
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ืขื ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื•ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”,
11:09
an idea to bring jobs to Syrians
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ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืกื•ืจื™ื
11:12
while supporting Jordan's national development strategy.
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ืชื•ืš ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ืช ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืจื“ืŸ.
11:15
The idea is for an economic zone,
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืœืื–ื•ืจ ื›ืœื›ืœื™,
11:19
one in which we could potentially integrate the employment of refugees
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ืื—ื“ ืฉื‘ื• ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉืœื‘ ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื
11:22
alongside the employment of Jordanian host nationals.
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ืœืฆื“ ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ืฉืœ ื™ืจื“ื ื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื.
11:26
And just 15 minutes away from the Zaatari refugee camp,
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ื•ืจืง 15 ื“ืงื•ืช ืžืžื—ื ื” ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื–ืื˜ืืจื™,
11:30
home to 83,000 refugees,
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ื‘ื™ืชื ืฉืœ 83,000 ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื,
11:32
is an existing economic zone
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ืงื™ื™ื ืื–ื•ืจ ื›ืœื›ืœื™
11:34
called the King Hussein Bin Talal Development Area.
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ืฉื ืงืจื ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืขืœ ืฉื ื”ืžืœืš ื—ื•ืกื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ื˜ืœืœ.
11:37
The government has spent over a hundred million dollars
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ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื” ืžืขืœ ืžืื” ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื
11:40
connecting it to the electricity grid, connecting it to the road network,
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ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืื•ืชื• ืœืจืฉืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ, ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืื•ืชื• ืœืจืฉืช ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื,
11:44
but it lacked two things:
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ืื‘ืœ ื—ืกืจื™ื ืœื• ืฉื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื:
11:46
access to labor and inward investment.
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ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื”ืฉืงืขื” ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช.
11:48
So what if refugees were able to work there
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ืื– ืžื” ืื ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืฉื
11:51
rather than being stuck in camps,
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืชืงื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืžื—ื ื•ืช,
11:53
able to support their families and develop skills through vocational training
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื•ืœืคืชื— ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื“ืจืš ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช
11:57
before they go back to Syria?
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœืกื•ืจื™ื”?
11:59
We recognized that that could benefit Jordan,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื–ื”ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ ืขื ื™ืจื“ืŸ,
12:02
whose development strategy requires it to make the leap
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ืฉืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ืช ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืฉืœื” ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ืงืคื™ืฆื”
12:04
as a middle income country to manufacturing.
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ืžืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขื ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ.
12:07
It could benefit refugees, but it could also contribute
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ื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืชืจื•ื
12:11
to the postconflict reconstruction of Syria
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ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืกื•ืจื™ื” ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜
12:13
by recognizing that we need to incubate refugees
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ื‘ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื
12:16
as the best source of eventually rebuilding Syria.
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ื›ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ืกื•ืจื™ื”.
12:20
We published the idea in the journal Foreign Affairs.
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ืคืจืกืžื ื• ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืขืช "ื™ื—ืกื™ ื—ื•ืฅ".
12:23
King Abdullah has picked up on the idea.
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ื”ืžืœืš ืขื‘ื“ืืœืœื” ืื™ืžืฅ ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ.
12:26
It was announced at the London Syria Conference two weeks ago,
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ื”ื•ื›ืจื– ื‘ื•ื•ืขื™ื“ืช ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ ืกื•ืจื™ื” ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื,
12:29
and a pilot will begin in the summer.
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ื•ืคื™ื™ืœื•ื˜ ื™ื—ืœ ื‘ืงื™ืฅ ื”ื–ื”.
12:32
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
12:37
The third idea that I want to put to you
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืœื›ื
12:39
is preference matching between states and refugees
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืชืืžื” ืžื•ืขื“ืคืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืœืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื
12:43
to lead to the kinds of happy outcomes you see here in the selfie
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ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ืžืื•ืฉืจืช ืฉืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ืกืœืคื™ ื”ื–ื”
12:46
featuring Angela Merkel and a Syrian refugee.
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ืฉืžืฆื™ื’ ืืช ืื ื’ืœื” ืžืจืงืœ ื•ืคืœื™ื˜ ืกื•ืจื™.
12:50
What we rarely do is ask refugees what they want, where they want to go,
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ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืจื—ื•ืงื•ืช ื–ื” ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ืžื” ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื, ืœืืŸ ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข,
12:54
but I'd argue we can do that
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืื˜ืขืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื›ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช
12:56
and still make everyone better off.
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉืžืฆื‘ ื›ื•ืœื ื™ื˜ื™ื‘.
12:59
The economist Alvin Roth has developed the idea of matching markets,
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ื”ื›ืœื›ืœืŸ ืืœื•ื™ืŸ ืจื•ืช' ืคื™ืชื— ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื›ืœื›ืœื•ืช ืชื•ืืžื•ืช,
13:03
ways in which the preference ranking of the parties shapes an eventual match.
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ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ื“ืจื•ื’ ื”ืขื“ืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืžืขืฆื‘ืช ื”ืชืืžื” ืกื•ืคื™ืช.
13:09
My colleagues Will Jones and Alex Teytelboym
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ื”ืงื•ืœื’ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ื•ื•ื™ืœ ื’'ื•ื ืก ื•ืืœื›ืก ื˜ื™ื™ื˜ืœื‘ืื•ื
13:12
have explored ways in which that idea could be applied to refugees,
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ื—ืงืจื• ืืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื‘ื ืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ื™ืฉื ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื.
13:16
to ask refugees to rank their preferred destinations,
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ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืžืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ืœื“ืจื’ ืืช ื”ื”ืขื“ืคื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื™ืขื“ื™ื,
13:20
but also allow states to rank the types of refugees they want
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ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืœื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืœื“ืจื’ ืืช ืกื•ื’ ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ืฉื”ืŸ ืจื•ืฆื•ืช
13:24
on skills criteria or language criteria
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ืขืœ ืคื™ ืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ื ื™ ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืื• ืฉืคื”
13:27
and allow those to match.
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ื•ืœืืคืฉืจ ื”ืชืืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืœื•.
13:28
Now, of course you'd need to build in quotas
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžื›ืกื•ืช
13:31
on things like diversity and vulnerability,
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ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ื’ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื•ืคื’ื™ืขื•ืช,
13:34
but it's a way of increasing the possibilities of matching.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื• ื“ืจืš ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ืชืืžื”.
13:37
The matching idea has been successfully used
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ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื”ืชืืžื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืžื•ืฆืœื—
13:40
to match, for instance, students with university places,
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ืœื”ืชืื™ื, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื, ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืขื ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืื™ื™ื,
13:45
to match kidney donors with patients,
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ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืชื•ืจืžื™ ื›ืœื™ื•ืช ืขื ื—ื•ืœื™ื,
13:48
and it underlies the kind of algorithms that exist on dating websites.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื’ื™ื ืืช ืกื•ื’ ื”ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชื ืฉืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืืชืจื™ ื”ื™ื›ืจื•ื™ื•ืช.
13:52
So why not apply that to give refugees greater choice?
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ืื– ืœืžื” ืœื ืœื™ื™ืฉื ืืช ื–ื” ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืœืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ?
13:55
It could also be used at the national level,
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ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืžืฉ ื’ื ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช,
13:57
where one of the great challenges we face
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ืฉื ืื—ื“ ื”ืืชื’ืจื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื•
13:59
is to persuade local communities to accept refugees.
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ื”ื™ื ืœืฉื›ื ืข ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื.
14:03
And at the moment, in my country, for instance,
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ื•ื›ืจื’ืข, ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœื™, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”,
14:05
we often send engineers to rural areas and farmers to the cities,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœืขืชื™ื ืฉื•ืœื—ื™ื ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืœืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื›ืคืจื™ื™ื ื•ื—ืงืœืื™ื ืœืขืจื™ื,
14:09
which makes no sense at all.
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ืžื” ืฉืœื ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ ื‘ื›ืœืœ.
14:11
So matching markets offer a potential way to bring those preferences together
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ืื– ื”ืชืืžืช ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ืžืฆื™ืขื” ื“ืจืš ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ืขื“ืคื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื™ื—ื“
14:16
and listen to the needs and demands of the populations that host
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ื•ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื ื•ืœื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื•ืช ืฉืžืืจื—ื•ืช
14:20
and the refugees themselves.
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ื•ืœืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ืขืฆืžื.
14:22
The fourth idea I want to put to you is of humanitarian visas.
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื•ื™ื–ื•ืช ื”ื•ืžื ื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ืช.
14:27
Much of the tragedy and chaos we've seen in Europe
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ื˜ืจื’ื“ื™ื” ื•ื”ื›ืื•ืก ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื”
14:29
was entirely avoidable.
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ื™ื›ืœ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข.
14:32
It stems from a fundamental contradiction in Europe's asylum policy,
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ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ื›ืกืชื™ืจื” ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคืื™ืช.
14:36
which is the following:
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ืฉื”ื™ื ื›ื“ืœืงืžืŸ:
14:37
that in order to seek asylum in Europe,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืคืฉ ืžืงืœื˜ ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื”,
14:40
you have to arrive spontaneously by embarking on those dangerous journeys
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ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืกืคื•ื ื˜ื ื™ืช ืชื•ืš ืžืกืข ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืžืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช
14:45
that I described.
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ืฉืชื™ืืจืชื™.
14:47
But why should those journeys be necessary in an era of the budget airline
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžื” ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื”ืืœื• ื ื—ื•ืฆื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ืฉืœ ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืื•ื•ื™ืจื™ืช ื–ื•ืœื”
14:52
and modern consular capabilities?
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ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืงื•ื ืกื•ืœืจื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ื•ืช?
14:54
They're completely unnecessary journeys,
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ืžืกืขื•ืช ืืœื• ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ืŸ ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื.
14:57
and last year, they led to the deaths of over 3,000 people
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ื•ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื”, ื”ื ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื• ืœืžื•ืชื ืฉืœ ืžืขืœ 3,000 ืื ืฉื™ื
15:00
on Europe's borders and within European territory.
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ื‘ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื•ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื˜ืจื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคืื™ืช.
15:05
If refugees were simply allowed
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ืื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ื™ื• ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื
15:07
to travel directly and seek asylum in Europe,
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ืœื ื•ืข ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืœื—ืคืฉ ืžืงืœื˜ ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื”,
15:09
we would avoid that,
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื ืžื ืขื™ื ืžื–ื”,
15:11
and there's a way of doing that
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ื•ื™ืฉ ื“ืจืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช
15:12
through something called a humanitarian visa,
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ื“ืจืš ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื ืงืจื ื•ื™ื–ื” ื”ื•ืžื ื™ื˜ืจื™ืช,
15:15
that allows people to collect a visa at an embassy
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ืฉืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ื•ื™ื–ื” ื‘ืฉื’ืจื™ืจื•ืช
15:18
or a consulate in a neighboring country
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ืื• ืงื•ื ืกื•ืœื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉื›ื ื”
15:20
and then simply pay their own way
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ื•ืื– ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœืฉืœื ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉืœื”ื
15:22
through a ferry or a flight to Europe.
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ื“ืจืš ืžืขื‘ื•ืจืช ืื• ื˜ื™ืกื” ืœืื™ืจื•ืคื”.
15:26
It costs around a thousand euros
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ื–ื” ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืขืจืš ืืœืฃ ื™ื•ืจื•
15:28
to take a smuggler from Turkey to the Greek islands.
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ืœืงื—ืช ืžื‘ืจื™ื— ืžื˜ื•ืจืงื™ื” ืœืื™ื™ ื™ื•ื•ืŸ.
15:31
It costs 200 euros to take a budget airline from Bodrum to Frankfurt.
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ื•ื–ื” ืขื•ืœื” 200 ื™ื•ืจื• ืœืงื—ืช ืžื˜ื•ืก ืžื‘ื•ื“ืจื•ื ืœืคืจื ืงืคื•ืจื˜.
15:36
If we allowed refugees to do that, it would have major advantages.
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ืื ื ืืคืฉืจ ืœืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช, ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื›ืš ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื.
15:40
It would save lives,
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ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื,
15:42
it would undercut the entire market for smugglers,
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ื–ื” ื™ื—ืชื•ืจ ืชื—ืช ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื•ืง ืฉืœ ื”ืžื‘ืจื™ื—ื™ื,
15:46
and it would remove the chaos we see from Europe's front line
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ื•ื–ื” ื™ืกื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื›ืื•ืก ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ื—ื–ื™ืช ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื”
15:50
in areas like the Greek islands.
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ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ืื™ื™ ื™ื•ื•ืŸ.
15:52
It's politics that prevents us doing that rather than a rational solution.
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ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ืžื•ื ืขืช ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืจืฆื™ื•ื ืืœื™.
15:56
And this is an idea that has been applied.
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ื•ื–ื”ื• ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื•ืฉื.
15:59
Brazil has adopted a pioneering approach
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ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœ ืื™ืžืฆื” ื’ื™ืฉื” ื—ืœื•ืฆื™ืช
16:01
where over 2,000 Syrians have been able to get humanitarian visas,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž 2000 ืกื•ืจื™ื ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื•ื™ื–ื•ืช ื”ื•ืžื ื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ืช,
16:06
enter Brazil, and claim refugee status on arrival in Brazil.
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ื ื›ื ืกื• ืœื‘ืจื–ื™ืœ, ื•ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืกื˜ื˜ื•ืก ืฉืœ ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื”ื’ื™ืขื ืœื‘ืจื–ื™ืœ.
16:10
And in that scheme, every Syrian who has gone through it
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ื•ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื–ื•, ื›ืœ ืกื•ืจื™ ืฉืขื‘ืจ ื–ืืช
16:13
has received refugee status and been recognized as a genuine refugee.
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ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืžืขืžื“ ืฉืœ ืคืœื™ื˜ ื•ื”ื•ื›ืจ ื›ืคืœื™ื˜ ืืžื™ืชื™.
16:18
There is a historical precedent for it as well.
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ื™ืฉ ืชืงื“ื™ื ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ืœื›ืš ื’ื ื›ืŸ.
16:20
Between 1922 and 1942,
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ื‘ื™ืŸ 1922 ื•-1942,
16:24
these Nansen passports were used as travel documents
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ื“ืจื›ื•ื ื™ ื ื ืกืŸ ืฉื™ืžืฉื• ื›ืžืกืžืš ืžืกืข
16:28
to allow 450,000 Assyrians, Turks and Chechens
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ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœ-450,000 ืืฉื•ืจื™ื, ืชื•ืจื›ื™ื ื•ืฆ'ืฆื ื™ื
16:33
to travel across Europe
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ืœื ื•ืข ืœืจื•ื—ื‘ ืื™ืจื•ืคื”
16:35
and claim refugee status elsewhere in Europe.
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ื•ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ ืžืขืžื“ ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื”.
16:38
And the Nansen International Refugee Office
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ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื ื ืกืŸ
16:41
received the Nobel Peace Prize
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ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืคืจืก ื ื•ื‘ืœ ืœืฉืœื•ื
16:43
in recognition of this being a viable strategy.
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ื›ื”ื›ืจื” ืœื›ืš ืฉื–ื• ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ื™ืฉื™ืžื”.
16:47
So all four of these ideas that I've presented you
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ืื– ื›ืœ ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืฉื”ืฆื’ืชื™ ืœื›ื
16:50
are ways in which we can expand Amira's choice set.
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ื”ืŸ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืžื™ืจื”.
16:53
They're ways in which we can have greater choice for refugees
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ื™ืฉื ื ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืืคืฉืจ ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื
16:57
beyond those basic, impossible three options
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ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•
17:01
I explained to you
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ืฉื”ืกื‘ืจืชื™ ืœื›ื
17:02
and still leave others better off.
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
17:04
In conclusion, we really need a new vision,
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ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื, ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืืžืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ,
17:08
a vision that enlarges the choices of refugees
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ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื
17:11
but recognizes that they don't have to be a burden.
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืื™ื ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื˜ืœ.
17:13
There's nothing inevitable about refugees being a cost.
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ืื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืžื ืข ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืœืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืขืœื•ืช.
17:17
Yes, they are a humanitarian responsibility,
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ื›ืŸ, ื”ื ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ืžื ื™ื˜ืจื™ืช,
17:20
but they're human beings with skills, talents, aspirations,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืขื ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื, ื›ื™ืฉืจื•ื ื•ืช, ืฉืื™ืคื•ืช,
17:24
with the ability to make contributions -- if we let them.
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ืขื ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืชืจื•ื -- ืื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื.
17:28
In the new world,
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ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื“ืฉ,
17:30
migration is not going to go away.
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ื”ื’ื™ืจื” ืœื ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ืœื”ืขืœื.
17:32
What we've seen in Europe will be with us for many years.
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ืžื” ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื™ืชื ื• ืขื•ื“ ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช.
17:35
People will continue to travel,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœื˜ื™ื™ืœ,
17:37
they'll continue to be displaced,
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ื”ื ื™ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœื”ื™ืขืงืจ ืžืžืงื•ืžื,
17:39
and we need to find rational, realistic ways of managing this --
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœืžืฆื•ื ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืจืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ื•ืช ื•ืจืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื”ืœ ื–ืืช--
17:42
not based on the old logics of humanitarian assistance,
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ืœื ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืขืœ ื”ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ื”ื™ืฉื ื” ืฉืœ ืขื–ืจื” ื”ื•ืžื ื™ื˜ืจื™ืช,
17:45
not based on logics of charity,
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ืœื ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืœื•ื’ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืฆื“ืงื”,
17:48
but building on the opportunities
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ืืœื ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช
17:49
offered by globalization, markets and mobility.
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ืฉืžื•ืฆืขื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื”, ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื•ื ื™ื™ื“ื•ืช.
17:53
I'd urge you all to wake up and urge our politicians
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ืื ื™ ืžืคืฆื™ืจ ื‘ื›ื•ืœื›ื ืœื”ืชืขื•ืจืจ ื•ืœื”ืคืฆื™ืจ ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ืฉืœื ื•
17:56
to wake up to this challenge.
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ืœื”ืชืขื•ืจืจ ืœืืชื’ืจ ื”ื–ื”.
17:58
Thank you very much.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื.
17:59
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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