Our refugee system is failing. Here's how we can fix it | Alexander Betts

145,737 views ใƒป 2016-03-24

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Ran Kang ๊ฒ€ํ† : Seon-Gyu Choi
00:12
There are times when I feel really quite ashamed
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๊ฐ€๋” ์ €๋Š” ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์ธ์œผ๋กœ์„œ
00:16
to be a European.
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์ •๋ง ๋ถ€๋„๋Ÿฌ์šธ ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:18
In the last year,
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์ง€๋‚œ ํ•ด์—
00:20
more than a million people arrived in Europe in need of our help,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋„์›€์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋ช…์ด ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์— ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:24
and our response, frankly, has been pathetic.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์‘์€ ์†”์งํžˆ ํ•œ์‹ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:29
There are just so many contradictions.
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์ •๋ง ๋งŽ์€ ๋ชจ์ˆœ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:32
We mourn the tragic death
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‘ ์‚ด๋ฐฐ๊ธฐ ์•Œ๋ž€ ์ปค๋””์˜
00:34
of two-year-old Alan Kurdi,
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๋น„๊ทน์ ์ธ ์ฃฝ์Œ์„ ์Šฌํผํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
00:38
and yet, since then, more than 200 children
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๊ทธ ํ›„์—๋„ 200๋ช…์ด ๋„˜๋Š” ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด
00:41
have subsequently drowned in the Mediterranean.
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๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์ง€์ค‘ํ•ด์—์„œ ์ต์‚ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:45
We have international treaties
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ตญ์ œ ์กฐ์•ฝ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
00:47
that recognize that refugees are a shared responsibility,
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์ด๋Š” ๋‚œ๋ฏผ์„ ๊ณต๋™์˜ ์ฑ…์ž„์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:50
and yet we accept that tiny Lebanon
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ๋ ˆ๋ฐ”๋…ผ์ด
00:53
hosts more Syrians than the whole of Europe combined.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ณด๋‹ค, ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์•„์ธ์„ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ๋“ค์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:58
We lament the existence of human smugglers,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ€์ˆ˜์—…์ž์˜ ์กด์žฌ์— ์• ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:02
and yet we make that the only viable route
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋ง๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
01:05
to seek asylum in Europe.
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์œ ์ผํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ๋˜๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:08
We have labor shortages,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋…ธ๋™๋ ฅ ๋ถ€์กฑ์„ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:10
and yet we exclude people who fit our economic and demographic needs
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ์™€ ์ธ๊ตฌ์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„
01:16
from coming to Europe.
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ์— ์˜ค์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ฐจ๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:19
We proclaim our liberal values in opposition to fundamentalist Islam,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด์Šฌ๋žŒ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜์— ๋งž์„œ ์ž์œ ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:24
and yet --
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜
01:27
we have repressive policies
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ•์••์ ์ธ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:30
that detain child asylum seekers,
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๋ง๋ช…์„ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋ฅผ ์–ต๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๊ณ ,
01:33
that separate children from their families,
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์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ณผ ๋–จ์–ด๋œจ๋ ค ๋†“๊ณ ,
01:36
and that seize property from refugees.
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๋‚œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์˜ ์žฌ์‚ฐ์„ ๋ชฐ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:40
What are we doing?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”?
01:42
How has the situation come to this,
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋˜์—ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
01:45
that we've adopted such an inhumane response to a humanitarian crisis?
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์–ด์งธ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ธ๋„์ฃผ์˜์  ์œ„๊ธฐ์— ์ดํ† ๋ก ๋น„์ธ๊ฐ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งž์„œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
01:51
I don't believe it's because people don't care,
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์ €๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์—†์–ด์„œ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:53
or at least I don't want to believe it's because people don't care.
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์•„๋‹ˆ ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฏฟ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:56
I believe it's because our politicians lack a vision,
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์ €๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ •์น˜์ธ๋“ค์ด ๋น„์ „์ด ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:00
a vision for how to adapt an international refugee system
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50์—ฌ๋…„ ์ „์— ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ๊ตญ์ œ ๋‚œ๋ฏผ ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ
02:04
created over 50 years ago
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๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ตญ์ œํ™”๋œ ์„ธ์ƒ์—
02:06
for a changing and globalized world.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉํ• ์ง€ ๋น„์ „์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
02:09
And so what I want to do is take a step back
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•œ ๋ฐœ์ง ๋ฌผ๋Ÿฌ ์„œ์„œ
02:12
and ask two really fundamental questions,
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๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•„์ฃผ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ,
02:15
the two questions we all need to ask.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋‹ตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:18
First, why is the current system not working?
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์ฒซ์งธ, ์™œ ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
02:21
And second, what can we do to fix it?
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๋‘˜์งธ, ์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
02:26
So the modern refugee regime
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ํ˜„๋Œ€์˜ ๋‚œ๋ฏผ ์ œ๋„๋Š”
02:28
was created in the aftermath of the Second World War by these guys.
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2์ฐจ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋Œ€์ „์˜ ์—ฌํŒŒ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ์ฃ .
02:34
Its basic aim is to ensure
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์ด๊ฒƒ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š” ๋ณด์žฅ์ธ๋ฐ,
02:37
that when a state fails, or worse, turns against its own people,
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์‹คํŒจํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์‹ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ž๊ตญ๋ฏผ์— ๋“ฑ์„ ๋Œ๋ฆด ๋•Œ
02:41
people have somewhere to go,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐˆ ๊ณณ์„ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๊ณ 
02:43
to live in safety and dignity until they can go home.
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์ง‘์— ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์•ˆ์ „๊ณผ ์กด์—„ ์†์— ์‚ด๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:46
It was created precisely for situations like the situation we see in Syria today.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์•„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:52
Through an international convention signed by 147 governments,
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147๊ฐœ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์ฒด๊ฒฐํ•œ ๊ตญ์ œ ํ˜‘์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
02:57
the 1951 Convention on the Status of Refugees,
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๋‚œ๋ฏผ ์ง€์œ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ 1951 ํ˜‘์ •๊ณผ
03:00
and an international organization, UNHCR,
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๊ตญ์ œ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ธ ์œ ์—”๋‚œ๋ฏผ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๋Š”
03:03
states committed to reciprocally admit people onto their territory
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๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ์ถฉ๋Œ๊ณผ ํ•™๋Œ€๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ง๋ช…ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„
03:08
who flee conflict and persecution.
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์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ์˜ํ† ์— ์ƒํ˜ธ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:11
But today, that system is failing.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๊ทธ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ์‹คํŒจํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:14
In theory, refugees have a right to seek asylum.
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์ด๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ๋‚œ๋ฏผ์€ ๋ง๋ช…์„ ์š”์ฒญํ•  ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:18
In practice, our immigration policies block the path to safety.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ด๋ฏผ ์ •์ฑ…์€ ์•ˆ์ „์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ธธ์„ ๋ง‰๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:23
In theory, refugees have a right to a pathway to integration,
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์ด๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ๋‚œ๋ฏผ์€ ์ˆ˜์šฉ๋  ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ
03:27
or return to the country they've come from.
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๋˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐˆ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:30
But in practice, they get stuck in almost indefinite limbo.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋์ด ์—†๋Š” ๋ถˆํ™•์‹คํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๊ฐ‡ํ˜€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:34
In theory, refugees are a shared global responsibility.
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์ด๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ๋‚œ๋ฏผ์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ณต๋™์˜ ์ฑ…์ž„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:38
In practice, geography means that countries proximate the conflict
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ, ์ธ๊ตฌ ํ†ต๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋ถ„์Ÿ ์ง€์—ญ์— ๊ทผ์ ‘ํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์ด
03:42
take the overwhelming majority of the world's refugees.
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์••๋„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋‚œ๋ฏผ์„ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:46
The system isn't broken because the rules are wrong.
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์ด ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ๊ทœ์น™์ด ํ‹€๋ ค์„œ ๋ง๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:49
It's that we're not applying them adequately to a changing world,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์— ์ ์ ˆํžˆ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:53
and that's what we need to reconsider.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žฌ๊ณ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:56
So I want to explain to you a little bit about how the current system works.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ํ˜„์žฌ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ์•Œ๋ ค ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:00
How does the refugee regime actually work?
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๋‚œ๋ฏผ ์ œ๋„๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ž‘๋™ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
04:03
But not from a top-down institutional perspective,
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์œ„์—์„œ ๋ฐ”๋ผ ๋ณด๋Š” ์ œ๋„์ ์ธ ๊ด€์ ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
04:06
rather from the perspective of a refugee.
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๋‚œ๋ฏผ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:10
So imagine a Syrian woman.
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ํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
04:12
Let's call her Amira.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋ฅผ ์•„๋ฏธ๋ผ ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:14
And Amira to me represents many of the people I've met in the region.
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์ œ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋ฏธ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋‚œ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์ƒ์ง•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:19
Amira, like around 25 percent of the world's refugees,
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์•„๋ฏธ๋ผ๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋‚œ๋ฏผ์˜ ์•ฝ 25%๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•˜๋“ฏ
04:22
is a woman with children,
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์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:24
and she can't go home because she comes from this city
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์ง‘์— ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ ์™”๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
04:28
that you see before you, Homs,
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ํ™”๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ณด๋“ฏ์ด
04:30
a once beautiful and historic city
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์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ต๊ณ  ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ ์ธ ๋„์‹œ์˜€๋˜ ํ™ˆ์Šค๋Š”
04:32
now under rubble.
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์ด์ œ ๋Œ๋ฌด๋”๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋’ค๋ฎ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:34
And so Amira can't go back there.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์•„๋ฏธ๋ผ๋Š” ๋Œ์•„๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:37
But Amira also has no hope of resettlement to a third country,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์•„๋ฏธ๋ผ๋Š” ์ œ 3๊ตญ์— ์žฌ์ •์ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ์†Œ๋ง์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:41
because that's a lottery ticket
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€
04:42
only available to less than one percent of the world's refugees.
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋‚œ๋ฏผ์˜ 1% ๋ฏธ๋งŒ์—๋งŒ ํ—ˆ๋ฝ๋˜๋Š” ๋กœ๋˜ ๋ณต๊ถŒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:46
So Amira and her family
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์•„๋ฏธ๋ผ์™€ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์€
04:49
face an almost impossible choice.
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์„ ํƒ์— ์ง๋ฉดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:51
They have three basic options.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์„ ํƒ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:54
The first option is that Amira can take her family to a camp.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์„ ํƒ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ์„ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์†Œ๋กœ ๋ฐ๋ ค๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:00
In the camp, she might get assistance,
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์ˆ˜์šฉ์†Œ์—์„œ ๋„์›€์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
05:03
but there are very few prospects for Amira and her family.
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์•„๋ฏธ๋ผ์™€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๋ง์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:06
Camps are in bleak, arid locations,
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์ˆ˜์šฉ์†Œ๋Š” ํ™ฉ๋Ÿ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฑด์กฐํ•œ
05:10
often in the desert.
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰ ์ง€์—ญ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:12
In the Zaatari refugee camp in Jordan,
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์š”๋ฅด๋‹จ์˜ ์žํƒ€๋ฆฌ ๋‚œ๋ฏผ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์†Œ์—์„œ๋Š”
05:14
you can hear the shells across the border in Syria at nighttime.
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๋ฐค์ค‘์— ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ ๋„ˆ๋จธ์˜ ํฌํƒ„ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:20
There's restricted economic activity.
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๊ฒฝ์ œ ํ™œ๋™๋„ ์ œํ•œ์ ์ด๊ณ ,
05:23
Education is often of poor quality.
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๊ต์œก์˜ ์งˆ๋„ ๋‚ฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:25
And around the world,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ
05:27
some 80 percent of refugees who are in camps
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์ˆ˜์šฉ์†Œ์—์„œ ์ƒํ™œํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚œ๋ฏผ์˜ ์•ฝ 80%๋Š”
05:30
have to stay for at least five years.
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์ตœ์†Œ 5๋…„์„ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ง€๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:33
It's a miserable existence,
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๊ทธ์•ผ๋ง๋กœ ๋น„์ฐธํ•œ ์ƒํ™œ์ด๊ณ ,
05:34
and that's probably why, in reality,
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์•„์ธ์˜ 9%๋งŒ์ด
05:37
only nine percent of Syrians choose that option.
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์ˆ˜์šฉ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:41
Alternatively, Amira can head to an urban area
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๊ทธ ๋Œ€์‹ ์— ์•„๋ฏธ๋ผ๋Š” ์•„๋งŒ๊ณผ ๋ฒ ์ด๋ฃจํŠธ ๊ฐ™์€
05:45
in a neighboring country, like Amman or Beirut.
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์ธ์ ‘๊ตญ์˜ ๋„์‹œ ์ง€์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ํ–ฅํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:49
That's an option that about 75 percent of Syrian refugees have taken.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ๋‚œ๋ฏผ์˜ 75%๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์„ ํƒํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:54
But there, there's great difficulty as well.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—๋„ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์ด ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:57
Refugees in such urban areas don't usually have the right to work.
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๋Œ€๊ฐœ ๋‚œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋„์‹œ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ผํ•  ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:02
They don't usually get significant access to assistance.
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๋„์›€์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:05
And so when Amira and her family have used up their basic savings,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์•„๋ฏธ๋ผ์™€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค์€ ๋‚จ์€ ๋ˆ์„ ๋‹ค ์จ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ 
06:09
they're left with very little and likely to face urban destitution.
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๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ฒŒ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์—†๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋นˆ๊ณคํ•œ ์ƒํ™œ์— ์ง๋ฉดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:14
So there's a third alternative,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
06:16
and it's one that increasing numbers of Syrians are taking.
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์ตœ๊ทผ ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์•„์ธ๋“ค์ด ํƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:21
Amira can seek some hope for her family
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์•„๋ฏธ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด
06:26
by risking their lives on a dangerous and perilous journey
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ—˜๋‚œํ•œ ์—ฌํ–‰์—
06:29
to another country,
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๋ชฉ์ˆจ์„ ๋งก๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:31
and it's that which we're seeing in Europe today.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:35
Around the world, we present refugees with an almost impossible choice
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋‚œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด
06:40
between three options:
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์„ธ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์„ ํƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ชฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:42
encampment, urban destitution and dangerous journeys.
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์ˆ˜์šฉ์†Œ ์ƒํ™œ, ๋„์‹œ ๋นˆ๊ณค, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ์—ฌํ–‰
06:47
For refugees, that choice is the global refugee regime today.
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๋‚œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ ์„ ํƒ์€ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๋‚œ๋ฏผ ๊ตฌ์ œ์ฑ…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:52
But I think it's a false choice.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์„ ํƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:54
I think we can reconsider that choice.
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์ €๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์„ ํƒ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:57
The reason why we limit those options
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ ํƒ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ œํ•œํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š”
07:02
is because we think
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„
07:05
that those are the only options that are available to refugees,
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๋‚œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ํƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
07:09
and they're not.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:11
Politicians frame the issue as a zero-sum issue,
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์ •์น˜์ธ๋“ค์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ œ๋กœ์„ฌ ์ด์Šˆ๋กœ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:14
that if we benefit refugees, we're imposing costs on citizens.
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์ฆ‰, ๋‚œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ˜œํƒ์„ ์ฃผ๋ฉด ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋ถ€๊ณผ๋  ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
07:18
We tend to have a collective assumption
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‚œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์„ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€ํ”ผํ•œ ๋น„์šฉ,
07:20
that refugees are an inevitable cost or burden to society.
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๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์ง์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:24
But they don't have to. They can contribute.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค๋„ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:26
So what I want to argue
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€
07:28
is there are ways in which we can expand that choice set
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๋‚œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์˜ ์„ ํƒ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋„“ํžˆ๋ฉด์„œ๋„
07:31
and still benefit everyone else:
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๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ์ด๋กญ๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:33
the host states and communities,
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๋‚œ๋ฏผ ์ˆ˜์šฉ๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋‹จ์ฒด,
07:35
our societies and refugees themselves.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ์™€ ๋‚œ๋ฏผ ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
07:39
And I want to suggest four ways
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€
07:41
we can transform the paradigm of how we think about refugees.
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๋‚œ๋ฏผ์„ ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ํŒจ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค์ž„์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:45
All four ways have one thing in common:
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์ด ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:48
they're all ways in which we take the opportunities of globalization,
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๋ชจ๋‘ ์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”์™€ ์œ ๋™์„ฑ, ์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ
07:52
mobility and markets,
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ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ ,
07:54
and update the way we think about the refugee issue.
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๋‚œ๋ฏผ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ์ „ํ™˜์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:58
The first one I want to think about
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์ฒซ ์งธ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ดค์œผ๋ฉด ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
08:00
is the idea of enabling environments,
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์ œ๊ณต ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:02
and it starts from a very basic recognition
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚œ๋ฏผ๋“ค๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๋Š”
08:05
that refugees are human beings like everyone else,
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์ธ์‹์—์„œ ์ถœ๋ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:08
but they're just in extraordinary circumstances.
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๋‹จ์ง€ ํŠน์ˆ˜ํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ธ์‹ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
08:11
Together with my colleagues in Oxford,
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์˜ฅ์Šคํฌ๋“œ์˜ ์ œ ๋™๋ฃŒ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜
08:13
we've embarked on a research project in Uganda
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์šฐ๊ฐ„๋‹ค์—์„œ ๋‚œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์‚ถ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๋Š”
08:15
looking at the economic lives of refugees.
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๋ฆฌ์„œ์น˜ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:19
We chose Uganda not because it's representative of all host countries.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๊ฐ„๋‹ค๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์šฉ๊ตญ์„ ๋Œ€๋ณ€ํ•ด์„œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:23
It's not. It's exceptional.
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์šฐ๊ฐ„๋‹ค๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์˜ˆ์™ธ์ ์ด์ฃ .
08:25
Unlike most host countries around the world,
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์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ์ˆ˜์šฉ๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ
08:28
what Uganda has done
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์šฐ๊ฐ„๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
08:29
is give refugees economic opportunity.
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๋‚œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:32
It gives them the right to work. It gives them freedom of movement.
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์ผํ•  ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ–ˆ๊ณ , ์ด๋™์˜ ์ž์œ ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:36
And the results of that are extraordinary
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‚œ๋ฏผ๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ชจ๋‘์—
08:39
both for refugees and the host community.
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:42
In the capital city, Kampala,
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์ˆ˜๋„์ธ ์บ„ํŒ”๋ผ์—์„œ
08:44
we found that 21 percent of refugees own a business that employs other people,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‚œ๋ฏผ์˜ 21%๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๊ณ ์šฉ ์ค‘์ธ ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์•˜๊ณ ,
08:49
and 40 percent of those employees
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ํ”ผ๊ณ ์šฉ์ž์˜ 40%๊ฐ€
08:52
are nationals of the host country.
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์šฐ๊ฐ„๋‹ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:54
In other words, refugees are making jobs
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด, ๋‚œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:56
for citizens of the host country.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ˆ˜์šฉ๊ตญ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
08:59
Even in the camps, we found extraordinary examples
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์ˆ˜์šฉ์†Œ์—์„œ๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์˜ˆ์™ธ์ ์ธ ์ผ€์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
09:03
of vibrant, flourishing and entrepreneurial businesses.
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ํ™œ๊ธฐ์ฐจ๊ณ  ๋ฒˆ์ฐฝํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€ ์ •์‹ ์˜ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค๋“ค์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:07
For example, in a settlement called Nakivale,
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๊ทธ ์˜ˆ๋กœ, ๋‚˜ํ‚ค๋ฒ ์ผ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ง€์—์„œ
09:11
we found examples of Congolese refugees
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๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๋ฎค์ง ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๋Š”
09:14
running digital music exchange businesses.
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์ฝฉ๊ณ  ๋‚œ๋ฏผ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋„ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:16
We found a Rwandan who runs a business that's available
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๋˜ํ•œ ํ•œ ๋ฅด์™„๋‹ค ๋‚œ๋ฏผ์€ ์žฌํ™œ์šฉ TV์™€ ๊ฒŒ์ž„ ์ฝ˜์†”์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด
09:20
to allow the youth to play computer games
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์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋“ค์ด ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
09:23
on recycled games consoles and recycled televisions.
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๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ์šด์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:28
Against the odds of extreme constraint,
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๊ทนํ•œ์˜ ์ œ์•ฝ์— ๋งž์„œ์„œ
09:31
refugees are innovating,
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๋‚œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์€ ํ˜์‹ ์„ ์ผ๊ตฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:33
and the gentleman you see before you is a Congolese guy called Demou-Kay.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์•ž์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด ์‹ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ๋ชจ์ผ€์ด๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฝฉ๊ณ ์ธ์ธ๋ฐ,
09:37
Demou-Kay arrived in the settlement with very little,
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๋ฐ๋ชจ์ผ€์ด๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋นˆ ์†์œผ๋กœ ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ง€์— ์™”์Œ์—๋„
09:40
but he wanted to be a filmmaker.
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์˜ํ™” ์ œ์ž‘์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:43
So with friends and colleagues, he started a community radio station,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์นœ๊ตฌ, ๋™๋ฃŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋™๋„ค ๋ผ๋””์˜ค๊ตญ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
09:47
he rented a video camera,
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๋น„๋””์˜ค ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๋ฅผ ๋นŒ๋ ค
09:48
and he's now making films.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:50
He made two documentary films
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํŒ€์„ ์œ„ํ•ด
09:52
with and for our team,
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๋‹คํ๋ฉ˜ํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‘ ํŽธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
09:54
and he's making a successful business out of very little.
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ์•„๋ฌด ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์—†์ด ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:58
It's those kinds of examples
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‚œ๋ฏผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
10:00
that should guide our response to refugees.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ก€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:03
Rather than seeing refugees
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๋‚œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์„ ๊ทธ์ € ์ธ๋„์ฃผ์˜์  ์›์กฐ์—
10:04
as inevitably dependent upon humanitarian assistance,
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์˜์กดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋Š” ์กด์žฌ๋กœ ๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
10:08
we need to provide them with opportunities for human flourishing.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๋ฒˆ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:12
Yes, clothes, blankets, shelter, food
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ์˜ท, ๋‹ด์š”, ํ”ผ๋‚œ์ฒ˜, ์‹๋Ÿ‰ ๋ชจ๋‘
10:16
are all important in the emergency phase,
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์‘๊ธ‰ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:19
but we need to also look beyond that.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋„ˆ๋จธ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:22
We need to provide opportunities to connectivity, electricity,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ , ์ „๊ธฐ,
10:26
education, the right to work,
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๊ต์œก, ์ผ ํ•  ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ,
10:29
access to capital and banking.
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์ž๋ณธ๊ณผ ๊ธˆ์œต ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
10:31
All the ways in which we take for granted
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๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
10:33
that we are plugged in to the global economy
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์—ฐ์‹œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€
10:35
can and should apply to refugees.
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๋‚œ๋ฏผ์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ ์šฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ ์šฉ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:39
The second idea I want to discuss is economic zones.
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๋‘˜์งธ๋กœ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๊ตฌ์—ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:43
Unfortunately, not every host country in the world
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์•ˆํƒ€๊น๊ฒŒ๋„ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ˆ˜์šฉ๊ตญ๋“ค์ด
10:46
takes the approach Uganda has taken.
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์šฐ๊ฐ„๋‹ค์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์กฐ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง„ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:48
Most host countries don't open up their economies to refugees
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๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ์ˆ˜์šฉ๊ตญ๋“ค์€ ๋‚œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
10:51
in the same way.
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๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:53
But there are still pragmatic alternative options that we can use.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ค์šฉ์  ๋Œ€์•ˆ์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:59
Last April, I traveled to Jordan with my colleague,
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์ง€๋‚œ 4์›”, ์ €๋Š” ์ œ ๋™๋ฃŒ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์š”๋ฅด๋‹จ์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:01
the development economist Paul Collier,
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๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ž ํด ์ฝ”๋ฆด๋Ÿฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜
11:04
and we brainstormed an idea while we were there
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:07
with the international community and the government,
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๊ตญ์ œ ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ฐ ์ •๋ถ€์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
11:09
an idea to bring jobs to Syrians
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์‹œ๋ฆฌ์•„์ธ์—๊ฒŒ ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š”
11:12
while supporting Jordan's national development strategy.
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์š”๋ฅด๋‹จ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ „๋žต์„ ์ง€์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
11:15
The idea is for an economic zone,
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์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๊ตฌ์—ญ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ
11:19
one in which we could potentially integrate the employment of refugees
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๋‚œ๋ฏผ ๊ณ ์šฉ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์šฉ๊ตญ์ธ ์š”๋ฅด๋‹จ์˜ ๊ณ ์šฉ์„
11:22
alongside the employment of Jordanian host nationals.
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์ž ์žฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:26
And just 15 minutes away from the Zaatari refugee camp,
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์žํƒ€๋ฆฌ ๋‚œ๋ฏผ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์†Œ์—์„œ ๋ถˆ๊ณผ 15๋ถ„ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„
11:30
home to 83,000 refugees,
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83,000๋ช… ๋‚œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์˜ ๋ณด๊ธˆ์ž๋ฆฌ๋Š”
11:32
is an existing economic zone
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ํ‚น ํ—ˆ์„ผ ๋นˆ ํƒ€๋ž„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๊ตฌ์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
11:34
called the King Hussein Bin Talal Development Area.
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ํ˜„์กดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๊ตฌ์—ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:37
The government has spent over a hundred million dollars
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์ •๋ถ€๋Š” 1์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋„˜๊ฒŒ ์ง€์ถœํ•ด
11:40
connecting it to the electricity grid, connecting it to the road network,
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์ „๊ธฐ ์‹œ์„ค๋ง์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋„๋กœ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฑด์„คํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:44
but it lacked two things:
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:46
access to labor and inward investment.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋…ธ๋™ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ํˆฌ์ž์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:48
So what if refugees were able to work there
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‚œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
11:51
rather than being stuck in camps,
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์ˆ˜์šฉ์†Œ์—์„œ ๊ฐ‡ํ˜€ ์ง€๋‚ด๊ธฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค
11:53
able to support their families and develop skills through vocational training
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๊ฐ€์กฑ์„ ๋ถ€์–‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง์—… ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์Šต๋“ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋• ์„๊นŒ์š”?
11:57
before they go back to Syria?
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์‹œ๋ฆฌ์•„์— ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
11:59
We recognized that that could benefit Jordan,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์š”๋ฅด๋‹จ์—๊ฒŒ ์ด์ต์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:02
whose development strategy requires it to make the leap
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์š”๋ฅด๋‹จ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ „๋žต์€ ์ œ์กฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด
12:04
as a middle income country to manufacturing.
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์ค‘์‚ฐ์ธต ๋‚˜๋ผ๋กœ ๋„์•ฝ์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:07
It could benefit refugees, but it could also contribute
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์ด๋Š” ๋‚œ๋ฏผ์—๊ฒŒ ์œ ์ต์„ ์ค„ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
12:11
to the postconflict reconstruction of Syria
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๋ถ„์Ÿ ์ดํ›„ ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์•„์˜ ๋ณต์›์—๋„ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:13
by recognizing that we need to incubate refugees
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์žฌ๊ฑด์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ตœ์ƒ์˜ ์ž์›์œผ๋กœ์จ
12:16
as the best source of eventually rebuilding Syria.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์„ ํ’ˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ธ์‹์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:20
We published the idea in the journal Foreign Affairs.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์™ธ๊ต ์ €๋„์— ๋ฐœํ‘œํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
12:23
King Abdullah has picked up on the idea.
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์••๋‘˜๋ผ ์™•์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์ฑ„ํƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:26
It was announced at the London Syria Conference two weeks ago,
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2์ฃผ ์ „ ๋Ÿฐ๋˜ ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค์—์„œ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ ,
12:29
and a pilot will begin in the summer.
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์˜ฌ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„ ์‹œ๋ฒ” ์‹ค์‹œ๋  ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:32
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
12:37
The third idea that I want to put to you
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ์ œ์•ˆ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š”
12:39
is preference matching between states and refugees
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€์™€ ๋‚œ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ์„ ํ˜ธ๋„ ๋งค์นญ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
12:43
to lead to the kinds of happy outcomes you see here in the selfie
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์•ˆ์ ค๋ผ ๋ฉ”๋ฅด์ผˆ ์ด๋ฆฌ์™€ ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ๋‚œ๋ฏผ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
12:46
featuring Angela Merkel and a Syrian refugee.
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ํ–‰๋ณตํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ด๋„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:50
What we rarely do is ask refugees what they want, where they want to go,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์›ํ•˜๊ณ , ์–ด๋””๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€์ง€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ฌป์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:54
but I'd argue we can do that
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฌผ์–ด ๋ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ 
12:56
and still make everyone better off.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ์ด๋กญ๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:59
The economist Alvin Roth has developed the idea of matching markets,
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๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ง€ ์•จ๋นˆ ๋กœ์Šค๋Š” ๋งค์นญ ๋งˆ์ผ“ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:03
ways in which the preference ranking of the parties shapes an eventual match.
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๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž์˜ ์„ ํ˜ธ ์ˆœ์œ„๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋งค์น˜๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด์ฃ .
13:09
My colleagues Will Jones and Alex Teytelboym
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์ œ ๋™๋ฃŒ์ธ ์œŒ ์กด์Šค์™€ ์•Œ๋ ‰์Šค ํ‹ฐํ…”๋ณด์ž„์€
13:12
have explored ways in which that idea could be applied to refugees,
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๊ทธ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•ด ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:16
to ask refugees to rank their preferred destinations,
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๋‚œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชฉ์ ์ง€์˜ ์ˆœ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋งค๊ธฐ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ ,
13:20
but also allow states to rank the types of refugees they want
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด๋‚˜ ์–ธ์–ด ๊ธฐ์ค€์—์„œ
13:24
on skills criteria or language criteria
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์„ ํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚œ๋ฏผ์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ˆœ์œ„ ๋งค๊ธฐ๋„๋ก ํ•œ ํ›„,
13:27
and allow those to match.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งค์น˜ํ•ด ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:28
Now, of course you'd need to build in quotas
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ์ทจ์•ฝ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
13:31
on things like diversity and vulnerability,
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์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„๋Š” ์šฉ์ธ์€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ,
13:34
but it's a way of increasing the possibilities of matching.
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋งค์นญ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:37
The matching idea has been successfully used
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๋งค์นญ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ
13:40
to match, for instance, students with university places,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ํ•™์ƒ๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์ง€์—ญ์„ ๋งค์นญํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
13:45
to match kidney donors with patients,
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์‹ ์žฅ ์ด์‹์ž์™€ ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋งค์นญํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
13:48
and it underlies the kind of algorithms that exist on dating websites.
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๋ฐ์ดํŒ… ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์˜ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์—๋„ ์ ์šฉ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:52
So why not apply that to give refugees greater choice?
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‚œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์˜ ์ค‘๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ ํƒ์—๋„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
13:55
It could also be used at the national level,
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ฐจ์›์—์„œ๋„ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:57
where one of the great challenges we face
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง๋ฉดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋„์ „์ธ
13:59
is to persuade local communities to accept refugees.
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์ง€์—ญ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๋‚œ๋ฏผ์„ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•˜๋„๋ก ์„ค๋“ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์— ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
14:03
And at the moment, in my country, for instance,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ๊ทธ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ
14:05
we often send engineers to rural areas and farmers to the cities,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ข…์ข… ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด์™€ ๋†๋ถ€๋“ค์„ ๋†์ดŒ๊ณผ ๋„์‹œ ์ง€์—ญ์— ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ณค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:09
which makes no sense at all.
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์ •๋ง ๋ง๋„ ์•ˆ ๋˜๊ฒŒ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
14:11
So matching markets offer a potential way to bring those preferences together
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‹œ์žฅ ๋งค์นญ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์„ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ฌผ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด์ž,
14:16
and listen to the needs and demands of the populations that host
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์ˆ˜์šฉ๊ตญ์€ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋‚œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์˜ ํ•„์š”์™€ ์š”๊ตฌ์— ๋งž์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
14:20
and the refugees themselves.
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์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:22
The fourth idea I want to put to you is of humanitarian visas.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ๋„ค ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ด์ƒ์€ ์ธ๋„์  ๋น„์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:27
Much of the tragedy and chaos we've seen in Europe
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ๋น„๊ทน๊ณผ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์€
14:29
was entirely avoidable.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋ง‰์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:32
It stems from a fundamental contradiction in Europe's asylum policy,
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์ด๋Š” ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ๋ง๋ช… ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๋ชจ์ˆœ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:36
which is the following:
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๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด,
14:37
that in order to seek asylum in Europe,
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋ง๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
14:40
you have to arrive spontaneously by embarking on those dangerous journeys
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์•ž์—์„œ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฐ ์•„์ฃผ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ์—ฌํ–‰์— ์ž๋ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ
14:45
that I described.
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์Šน์„ ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:47
But why should those journeys be necessary in an era of the budget airline
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ์™œ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋‚˜์š”? ์ €๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ๊ณต๊ณผ ํ˜„๋Œ€์  ์˜์‚ฌ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ˜
14:52
and modern consular capabilities?
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
14:54
They're completely unnecessary journeys,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๋ง ๋ถˆํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์—ฌํ–‰์ด๊ณ ,
14:57
and last year, they led to the deaths of over 3,000 people
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์ง€๋‚œ ํ•ด 3,000๋ช… ์ด์ƒ์ด ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์˜ํ† ์—์„œ
15:00
on Europe's borders and within European territory.
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๋ชฉ์ˆจ์„ ์žƒ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:05
If refugees were simply allowed
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‚œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ง์ ‘ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
15:07
to travel directly and seek asylum in Europe,
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๋ง๋ช…์ง€๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
15:09
we would avoid that,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ”ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ ,
15:11
and there's a way of doing that
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์ธ๋„์  ๋น„์ž๋ผ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
15:12
through something called a humanitarian visa,
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:15
that allows people to collect a visa at an embassy
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋Œ€์‚ฌ๊ด€์ด๋‚˜ ์ฃผ๋ณ€๊ตญ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ด€์—์„œ
15:18
or a consulate in a neighboring country
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๋น„์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ 
15:20
and then simply pay their own way
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๋ฐฐ๋‚˜ ํ•ญ๊ณต๊ถŒ์„ ๊ตฌ์ž…ํ•ด
15:22
through a ferry or a flight to Europe.
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ์— ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:26
It costs around a thousand euros
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๋ฐ€์ˆ˜์—…์ž๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ„ฐํ‚ค์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์„ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ ค๋ฉด
15:28
to take a smuggler from Turkey to the Greek islands.
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1,000 ์œ ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
15:31
It costs 200 euros to take a budget airline from Bodrum to Frankfurt.
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๋ณด๋“œ๋ฃธ์—์„œ ํ”„๋ž‘ํฌํ”„๋ฃจํŠธ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐ€๋Š”๋ฐ 200 ์œ ๋กœ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:36
If we allowed refugees to do that, it would have major advantages.
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๋‚œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ ์ด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:40
It would save lives,
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์ƒ๋ช…์„ ์‚ด๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
15:42
it would undercut the entire market for smugglers,
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๋ฐ€์ˆ˜์—…์ž์˜ ์‹œ์žฅ์„ ์ œํ•œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
15:46
and it would remove the chaos we see from Europe's front line
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์„ฌ ๊ฐ™์€ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์ตœ์ „์„ ์—์„œ ๋ชฉ๊ฒฉํ•˜๋Š”
15:50
in areas like the Greek islands.
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ํ˜ผ๋ž€์„ ์—†์•จ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:52
It's politics that prevents us doing that rather than a rational solution.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ชปํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋ง‰๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์  ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ •์น˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:56
And this is an idea that has been applied.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ ์šฉ๋œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:59
Brazil has adopted a pioneering approach
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๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ์€ ์„ ๊ตฌ์ ์ธ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ ๋„์ž…ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
16:01
where over 2,000 Syrians have been able to get humanitarian visas,
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์‹œ๋ฆฌ์•„์ธ 2,000๋ช…์—๊ฒŒ ์ธ๋„์  ๋น„์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฐœํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ
16:06
enter Brazil, and claim refugee status on arrival in Brazil.
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๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ ์ž…๊ตญ์„ ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‚œ๋ฏผ ์ง€์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์—ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:10
And in that scheme, every Syrian who has gone through it
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์ด ์ œ๋„ ๋•๋ถ„์— ๋ชจ๋“  ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์•„์ธ๋“ค์€
16:13
has received refugee status and been recognized as a genuine refugee.
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๋‚œ๋ฏผ ์ง€์œ„๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ ๋‚œ๋ฏผ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์ •๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:18
There is a historical precedent for it as well.
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์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ์„ ๋ก€๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:20
Between 1922 and 1942,
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1922๋…„๊ณผ 1942๋…„ ์‚ฌ์ด,
16:24
these Nansen passports were used as travel documents
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๋‚œ์„ผ ์—ฌ๊ถŒ์€ ์—ฌํ–‰์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ ,
16:28
to allow 450,000 Assyrians, Turks and Chechens
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450,000๋ช…์˜ ์•„์‹œ๋ฆฌ์•„์ธ๊ณผ ํ„ฐํ‚ค์ธ, ์ฒด์ฒธ์ธ์€
16:33
to travel across Europe
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ์„ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
16:35
and claim refugee status elsewhere in Europe.
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์–ด๋””์—์„œ๋‚˜ ๋‚œ๋ฏผ ์ง€์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:38
And the Nansen International Refugee Office
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚œ์„ผ ๊ตญ์ œ ๋‚œ๋ฏผ ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๋Š”
16:41
received the Nobel Peace Prize
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์‹คํšจ์„ฑ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ „๋žต์„ ์ธ์ •๋ฐ›์•„
16:43
in recognition of this being a viable strategy.
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๋…ธ๋ฒจ ํ‰ํ™”์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:47
So all four of these ideas that I've presented you
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฐ ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š”
16:50
are ways in which we can expand Amira's choice set.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋ฏธ๋ผ์˜ ์„ ํƒ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋Š˜๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:53
They're ways in which we can have greater choice for refugees
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋‚œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์„ ํƒ๊ถŒ์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:57
beyond those basic, impossible three options
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ด๊ณ , ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์„ ํƒ์„ ๋„ˆ๋จธ
17:01
I explained to you
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๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
17:02
and still leave others better off.
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๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ์ด๋กญ๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:04
In conclusion, we really need a new vision,
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๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ •๋ง ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‹œ๊ฐ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:08
a vision that enlarges the choices of refugees
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๋‚œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์˜ ์„ ํƒ๊ถŒ์„ ๋Š˜๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋น„์ „,
17:11
but recognizes that they don't have to be a burden.
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๋‚œ๋ฏผ๋“ค์„ ์ง์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๋น„์ „ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:13
There's nothing inevitable about refugees being a cost.
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๋‚œ๋ฏผ์„ ๋น„์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:17
Yes, they are a humanitarian responsibility,
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ธ๋„์  ์ฑ…์ž„์ด์ง€๋งŒ,
17:20
but they're human beings with skills, talents, aspirations,
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ์žฌ๋Šฅ, ์˜๊ฐ, ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„
17:24
with the ability to make contributions -- if we let them.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋•๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
17:28
In the new world,
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ
17:30
migration is not going to go away.
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์ด์ฃผ๋Š” ์˜์›ํžˆ ๋– ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:32
What we've seen in Europe will be with us for many years.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—์„œ ๋ชฉ๊ฒฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ง€์†๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:35
People will continue to travel,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ๊ณ„์†ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ ,
17:37
they'll continue to be displaced,
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ •์ฐฉ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ,
17:39
and we need to find rational, realistic ways of managing this --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ด๊ณ  ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:42
not based on the old logics of humanitarian assistance,
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์ธ๋„์  ์ง€์›์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ์ด๋ก ์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ,
17:45
not based on logics of charity,
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์ž์„  ์ด๋ก ์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹Œ,
17:48
but building on the opportunities
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ,
17:49
offered by globalization, markets and mobility.
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์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”์™€ ์‹œ์žฅ, ์ด๋™์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:53
I'd urge you all to wake up and urge our politicians
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์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋ชจ๋‘์™€ ์ •์น˜์ธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
17:56
to wake up to this challenge.
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์ด ๋„์ „์— ๋งž์„œ ๊นจ์–ด๋‚˜๋ผ๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:58
Thank you very much.
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๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:59
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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