Todd Humphreys: How to fool a GPS

Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast

Prevodilac: Filip Miletić Lektor: Tatjana Jevdjic

Something happened in the early morning hours

Dogodilo se nešto u rano jutro

of May 2nd, 2000, that had a profound effect

2. maja 2000. što je imalo snažne posledice

on the way our society operates.

na funkcionisanje našeg društva.

Ironically, hardly anyone noticed at the time.

Ipak, to skoro niko tada nije primetio.

The change was silent, imperceptible,

Promena je bila tiha, neprimetna,

unless you knew exactly what to look for.

sem ako ste tačno znali šta da očekujete.

On that morning, U.S. President Bill Clinton

Tog jutra je predsednik SAD-a Bil Klinton

ordered that a special switch be thrown

naredio da se aktivira poseban prekidač

in the orbiting satellites of the Global Positioning System.

na orbitirajućim satelitima Globalnog pozicionog sistema.

Instantaneously, every civilian GPS receiver

Istog trenutka, svaki civilni GPS prijemnik

around the globe went from errors the size of a football field

na svetu prešao je sa grešaka veličine fudbalskog terena

to errors the size of a small room.

na greške veličine male prostorije.

It's hard to overstate the effect that this change

Ne mogu se dovoljno naglasiti posledice

in accuracy has had on us.

koje ova promena tačnosti ima po nas.

Before this switch was thrown, we didn't have

Pre toga nismo imali

in-car navigation systems giving turn-by-turn

navigatore za automobile sa detaljnim uputstvima,

directions, because back then, GPS couldn't tell you

jer tada GPS nije znao

what block you were on, let alone what street.

u kom ste delu grada, a kamoli u kojoj ulici.

For geolocation, accuracy matters,

Za geolociranje je bitna tačnost

and things have only improved over the last 10 years.

i situacija se stalno poboljšavala poslednjih 10 godina.

With more base stations, more ground stations,

Sa više baznih i zemaljskih stanica,

better receivers and better algorithms,

boljim prijemnicima i algoritmima,

GPS can now not only tell you what street you are on,

GPS sada može da vam kaže ne samo u kojoj ste ulici,

but what part of the street.

već i u kom delu ulice.

This level of accuracy

Ovaj stepen preciznosti

has unleashed a firestorm of innovation.

otvorio je put naletu inovacija.

In fact, many of you navigated here today

Mnogi od vas su danas pronašli put

with the help of your TomTom or your smartphone.

uz pomoć GPS navigatora ili smartfona.

Paper maps are becoming obsolete.

Papirne mape zastarevaju.

But we now stand on the verge of another revolution

Međutim, nalazimo se na korak od nove revolucije

in geolocation accuracy.

u preciznosti geolociranja.

What if I told you that the two-meter positioning

Zamislite da je pozicioniranje u krugu od dva metra

that our current cell phones and our TomToms give us

koje nam sadašnji telefoni i GPS navigatori pružaju

is pathetic compared to what we could be getting?

bedno u odnosu na ono što bismo mogli dobiti.

For some time now, it's been known that if you pay attention

Odavno se zna da, ako obratite pažnju

to the carrier phase of the GPS signal,

na noseću fazu GPS signala

and if you have an Internet connection,

i ako imate internet konekciju,

then you can go from meter level to centimeter level,

možete da pređete sa metarske na centimetarsku,

even millimeter-level positioning.

pa i milimetarsku preciznost u pozicioniranju.

So why don't we have this capability on our phones?

Zašto ovo nije moguće na našim telefonima?

Only, I believe, for a lack of imagination.

Siguran sam, samo zbog nemaštovitosti.

Manufacturers haven't built this carrier phase technique

Proizvođači nisu ugradili ovu tehniku noseće faze

into their cheap GPS chips

u jeftine GPS čipove

because they're not sure what the general public would do

zato što nisu sigurni šta bi obični ljudi radili

with geolocation so accurate that you could pinpoint

sa geolociranjem toliko preciznim da biste mogli pronaći

the wrinkles in the palm of your hand.

bore na svojoj šaci.

But you and I and other innovators,

Međutim, vi, ja i drugi inovatori

we can see the potential in this next leap in accuracy.

vidimo potencijal u ovom novom stepenu preciznosti.

Imagine, for example, an augmented reality app

Zamislite, recimo, aplikaciju za unapređenu stvarnost

that overlays a virtual world to millimeter-level precision

koja postavlja virtuelni svet s milimetarskom preciznošću

on top of the physical world.

na fizički svet.

I could build for you a structure up here in 3D,

Mogao bih ovde da izgradim 3D strukturu

millimeter accurate, that only you could see,

s milimetarskom preciznošću, koju biste videli samo vi

or my friends at home.

ili moji prijatelji kod kuće.

So this level of positioning, this is what we're looking for,

Ovaj stepen pozicioniranja nam je cilj

and I believe that, within the next few years, I predict,

i uveren sam da će, verovatno za nekoliko godina,

that this kind of hyper-precise, carrier phase-based positioning

ova vrsta hiper-preciznog pozicioniranja pomoću noseće faze

will become cheap and ubiquitous,

postati jeftina i raširena,

and the consequences will be fantastic.

a posledice će biti izvanredne.

The Holy Grail, of course, is the GPS dot.

Sveti gral je, naravno, GPS tačka.

Do you remember the movie "The Da Vinci Code?"

Sećate li se filma "Da Vinčijev kod?"

Here's Professor Langdon examining a GPS dot,

Evo profesora Langdona kako proučava GPS tačku,

which his accomplice tells him is a tracking device

za koju mu saradnik kaže da je uređaj za praćenje

accurate within two feet anywhere on the globe,

precizan u krugu od pola metra bilo gde na svetu,

but we know that in the world of nonfiction,

ali znamo da je u stvarnom svetu

the GPS dot is impossible, right?

GPS tačka nemoguća, je l' tako?

For one thing, GPS doesn't work indoors,

Pre svega, GPS radi samo napolju,

and for another, they don't make devices quite this small,

a sem toga, ne proizvode se toliko mali uređaji,

especially when those devices have to relay

naročito ako moraju da prenose

their measurements back over a network.

svoja merenja preko neke mreže.

Well, these objections were perfectly reasonable

Ovi stavovi su bili potpuno razumni

a few years ago, but things have changed.

pre nekoliko godina, ali se situacija promenila.

There's been a strong trend toward miniaturization,

Postoji snažna sklonost ka umanjivanju,

better sensitivity, so much so that, a few years ago,

ka većoj preciznosti, do te mere da je pre koju godinu

a GPS tracking device looked like this clunky box

GPS uređaj za praćenje izgledao kao ova kabasta kutija

to the left of the keys.

levo od ključeva.

Compare that with the device released just months ago

Uporedite to sa uređajem proizvedenim pre nekoliko meseci

that's now packaged into something the size of a key fob,

koji se pakuje u nešto veličine priveska za ključeve,

and if you take a look at the state of the art

a ako pogledate najmoderniji

for a complete GPS receiver, which is only a centimeter

kompletan GPS prijemnik, koji je svega

on a side and more sensitive than ever,

centimetar širok i precizniji nego ikada,

you realize that the GPS dot will soon move

shvatićete da će GPS tačka uskoro preći

from fiction to nonfiction.

iz filmova u stvarnost.

Imagine what we could do with a world full of GPS dots.

Zamislite šta bismo mogli da uradimo u svetu punom GPS tačaka.

It's not just that you'll never lose your wallet or your keys

Ne samo da nikad više ne biste gubili novčanik ili ključeve

anymore, or your child when you're at Disneyland.

ili dete kada ste u Diznilendu.

You'll buy GPS dots in bulk, and you'll stick them on

Kupovaćete GPS tačke na veliko i lepićete ih

everything you own worth more than a few tens of dollars.

na sve što imate, a što je vrednije od nekoliko desetina dolara.

I couldn't find my shoes one recent morning,

Nisam mogao da nađem cipele pre nekog jutra

and, as usual, had to ask my wife if she had seen them.

i, kao i obično, morao sam da pitam ženu da li ih je videla.

But I shouldn't have to bother my wife with that kind of triviality.

Ne bi trebalo da mučim ženu takvim sitnicama.

I should be able to ask my house where my shoes are.

Trebalo bi da mogu da pitam kuću gde su mi cipele.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Those of you who have made the switch to Gmail,

Vi koji ste prešli na Gmail,

remember how refreshing it was to go from

setite se kako je bilo lepo

organizing all of your email to simply searching it.

umesto organizovanja mejlova prosto ih pretraživati.

The GPS dot will do the same for our possessions.

GPS tačka će uraditi istu stvar sa onim što posedujemo.

Now, of course, there is a flip side to the GPS dot.

Naravno, postoji i druga strana priče u vezi sa GPS tačkom.

I was in my office some months back

Bio sam na poslu pre nekoliko meseci

and got a telephone call.

i zazvonio mi je telefon.

The woman on the other end of the line, we'll call her Carol,

Moja sagovornica, zvaćemo je Kerol,

was panicked.

bila je u panici.

Apparently, an ex-boyfriend of Carol's from California

Naime, njen bivši dečko iz Kalifornije

had found her in Texas and was following her around.

pronašao ju je u Teksasu i stalno ju je pratio.

So you might ask at this point why she's calling you.

Možda biste se već zapitali zašto je baš vas pozvala.

Well, so did I.

Ja jesam.

But it turned out there was a technical twist to Carol's case.

Zapravo je postojao tehnički aspekt Kerolinog slučaja.

Every time her ex-boyfriend would show up,

Kad god bi se njen bivši dečko pojavio,

at the most improbable times and the most improbable locations,

u najčudnije doba i na najčudnijim mestima,

he was carrying an open laptop,

nosio je otvoren laptop

and over time Carol realized that he had planted

i s vremenom, Kerol je shvatila da je postavio

a GPS tracking device on her car,

GPS uređaj za praćenje na njen auto,

so she was calling me for help to disable it.

pa me je pozvala da ga isključim.

"Well, you should go to a good mechanic

"Treba da odete kod nekog mehaničara

and have him look at your car," I said.

da vam pogleda kola", rekao sam.

"I already have," she told me.

"Već sam to uradila", rekla mi je.

"He didn't see anything obvious,

"Nije primetio ništa neobično

and he said he'd have to take the car apart piece by piece."

i rekao je da bi morao potpuno da rastavi kola."

"Well then, you'd better go to the police," I said.

"Onda idite u policiju", rekao sam.

"I already have," she replied.

"Već sam to uradila", odgovorila je.

"They're not sure this rises to the level of harassment,

"Nisu sigurni da je ovo zlostavljanje,

and they're not set up technically to find the device."

a nisu tehnički opremljeni da bi mogli da pronađu uređaj."

"Okay, what about the FBI?"

"Dobro, a FBI?"

"I've talked to them too, and same story."

"I sa njima sam razgovarala, ista priča."

We then talked about her coming to my lab

Predložili smo da dođe u moju laboratoriju

and us performing a radio sweep of her car,

da bismo obavili radio skeniranje automobila,

but I wasn't even sure that would work,

ali nisam bio siguran da bi to uspelo,

given that some of these devices are configured

pošto neki od ovih uređaja

to only transmit when they're inside safe zones

prenose podatke samo unutar bezbedne zone

or when the car is moving.

ili kada se auto kreće.

So, there we were.

To je bilo to.

Carol isn't the first, and certainly won't be the last,

Kerol nije ni prva i svakako ni poslednja osoba

to find herself in this kind of fearsome environment,

koja će se naći u tako strašnom okruženju,

worrisome situation caused by GPS tracking.

opasnoj situaciji izazvanoj GPS praćenjem.

In fact, as I looked into her case,

Dok sam se bavio njenim slučajem,

I discovered to my surprise that it's not clearly illegal

otkrio sam da zapravo nije potpuno nelegalno

for you or me to put a tracking device on someone else's car.

staviti uređaj za praćenje na tuđi automobil.

The Supreme Court ruled last month that a policeman

Vrhovni sud je presudio prošlog meseca da policajac

has to get a warrant if he wants to do prolonged tracking,

mora da dobije nalog za praćenje tokom dužeg perioda,

but the law isn't clear about civilians doing this to one another,

ali zakon nije precizan u vezi sa civilima koji to rade,

so it's not just Big Brother we have to worry about,

tako da ne treba brinuti samo o Velikom Bratu,

but Big Neighbor. (Laughter)

već i o Velikom Komšiji. (Smeh)

There is one alternative that Carol could have taken,

Postoji jedna alternativa koju je Kerol mogla preduzeti,

very effective. It's called the Wave Bubble.

veoma delotvorna. Zove se Wave Bubble (Mehur za talase).

It's an open-source GPS jammer,

To je slobodno dostupan GPS blokator,

developed by Limor Fried,

razvila ga je Limor Frid,

a graduate student at MIT, and Limor calls it

postdiplomac na MIT-u, i Limor ga naziva

"a tool for reclaiming our personal space."

"alat za povratak našeg ličnog prostora".

With a flip of the switch you create a bubble around you

Ako uključite prekidač, stvorićete mehur oko sebe

within which GPS signals can't reside.

kroz koji GPS signali ne mogu da prolaze.

They get drowned out by the bubble.

Mehur ih potisne.

And Limor designed this, in part, because, like Carol,

Limor je ovo osmislila delom zato što se, kao Kerol,

she felt threatened by GPS tracking.

osećala nebezbedno zbog GPS praćenja.

Then she posted her design to the web,

Onda je objavila svoj nacrt na internetu,

and if you don't have time to build your own,

a ako nemate vremena da sami napravite taj uređaj,

you can buy one.

možete da ga kupite.

Chinese manufacturers now sell thousands

Kineski proizvođači sada prodaju hiljade

of nearly identical devices on the Internet.

skoro identičnih uređaja putem interneta.

So you might be thinking, the Wave Bubble sounds great.

Sad možda mislite da Wave Bubble zvuči odlično.

I should have one. Might come in handy if somebody ever puts a tracking device on my car.

Trebalo bi da ga nabavim. Bio bi koristan ako mi neko nekad bude pratio kola.

But you should be aware that its use is very much illegal

Ali obratite pažnju na to da je on praktično nelegalan

in the United States.

u SAD-u.

And why is that?

Zašto?

Well, because it's not a bubble at all.

Zato što uopšte nije mehur.

Its jamming signals don't stop at the edge

Njegovi signali se ne zaustavljaju na ivici

of your personal space or at the edge of your car.

vašeg ličnog prostora ili ivici vašeg automobila.

They go on to jam innocent GPS receivers for miles around you. (Laughter)

Šire se i blokiraju nedužne GPS prijemnike kilometrima oko vas. (Smeh)

Now, if you're Carol or Limor,

Ako ste u poziciji Kerol ili Limor

or someone who feels threatened by GPS tracking,

ili nekoga koga plaši GPS praćenje,

it might not feel wrong to turn on a Wave Bubble,

možda mislite da ne bi bilo loše da uključite Wave Bubble,

but in fact, the results can be disastrous.

ali zapravo rezultati mogu biti užasni.

Imagine, for example, you're the captain of a cruise ship

Zamislite, recimo, da ste kapetan kruzera

trying to make your way through a thick fog

koji pokušava da se kreće kroz gustu maglu,

and some passenger in the back turns on a Wave Bubble.

a neko od putnika uključi Wave Bubble.

All of a sudden your GPS readout goes blank,

Odjednom vam GPS signal nestane

and now it's just you and the fog

i ostali ste samo vi i magla

and whatever you can pull off the radar system

i ono što uspete da očitate sa radarskog sistema

if you remember how to work it.

ako se sećate kako da ga koristite.

They -- in fact, they don't update or upkeep lighthouses

Više se ne održavaju svetionici,

anymore, and LORAN, the only backup to GPS,

a LORAN, jedina rezerva za GPS,

was discontinued last year.

prestao je da se koristi prošle godine.

Our modern society has a special relationship with GPS.

Naše savremeno društvo ima poseban odnos sa GPS-om.

We're almost blindly reliant on it.

Skoro se slepo uzdamo u njega.

It's built deeply into our systems and infrastructure.

Duboko je ugrađen u naše sisteme i infrastrukturu.

Some call it "the invisible utility."

Neki ga zovu "nevidljiva alatka".

So, turning on a Wave Bubble might not just cause inconvenience.

Uključivanje Wave Bubble-a bi moglo biti gore od nezgode.

It might be deadly.

Moglo bi biti smrtonosno.

But as it turns out, for purposes of protecting your privacy

Zapravo, u svrhe zaštite sopstvene privatnosti

at the expense of general GPS reliability,

po cenu opšte dostupnosti GPS-a,

there's something even more potent

postoji nešto još snažnije

and more subversive than a Wave Bubble,

i opasnije od Wave Bubble-a,

and that is a GPS spoofer.

a to je GPS "prevarant" (spoofer).

The idea behind the GPS spoofer is simple.

Ideja GPS "prevaranta" je jednostavna.

Instead of jamming the GPS signals, you fake them.

Umesto da blokirate GPS signale, lažirate ih.

You imitate them, and if you do it right, the device

Imitirate ih, a ako to dobro odradite, uređaj

you're attacking doesn't even know it's being spoofed.

koji napadate neće uopšte znati da ga zavaravate.

So let me show you how this works.

Pokazaću vam kako to funkcioniše.

In any GPS receiver, there's a peak inside

Unutar svakog GPS prijemnika postoji kriva

that corresponds to the authentic signals.

koja odgovara pravim signalima.

These three red dots represent the tracking points

Ove tri crvene tačke predstavljaju tačke praćenja

that try to keep themselves centered on that peak.

koje pokušavaju da ostanu centrirane na toj krivi.

But if you send in a fake GPS signal,

Ali ako pošaljete lažan GPS signal,

another peak pops up, and if you can get these two peaks

pojaviće se još jedna kriva, a ako uspete da te dve krive

perfectly aligned, the tracking points can't tell the difference,

savršeno preklopite, tačke praćenja neće pronaći razliku

and they get hijacked by the stronger counterfeit signal,

i biće prevarene snažnijim, falsifikovanim signalom,

with the authentic peak getting forced off.

dok će stvarna kriva biti potisnuta.

At this point, the game is over.

U ovom trenutku je sve gotovo.

The fake signals now completely control this GPS receiver.

Lažni signali sada potpuno kontrolišu ovaj GPS prijemnik.

So is this really possible?

Je li ovo stvarno moguće?

Can someone really manipulate

Može li neko stvarno da manipuliše

the timing and positioning of a GPS receiver

vremenom i pozicioniranjem GPS prijemnika

just like that, with a spoofer?

tako jednostavno, pomoću "prevaranta"?

Well, the short answer is yes.

Jednom rečju, da.

The key is that civil GPS signals

Ključno je to što su civilni GPS signali

are completely open.

potpuno otvoreni.

They have no encryption. They have no authentication.

Nemaju enkripciju. Nemaju autentikaciju.

They're wide open, vulnerable to a kind of spoofing attack.

Širom su otvoreni, osetljivi na bilo kakav napad.

Even so, up until very recently,

Ipak, donedavno

nobody worried about GPS spoofers.

niko nije brinuo o lažnim GPS signalima.

People figured that it would be too complex

Zaključili smo da bi bilo previše komplikovano

or too expensive for some hacker to build one.

ili preskupo da bi to neki haker uradio.

But I, and a friend of mine from graduate school,

Ali moj drug sa postdiplomskih studija i ja

we didn't see it that way.

to nismo tako videli.

We knew it wasn't going to be so hard,

Znali smo da ne može biti tako teško,

and we wanted to be the first to build one

a hteli smo da to prvi napravimo

so we could get out in front of the problem

da bismo predupredili problem

and help protect against GPS spoofing.

i mogli da pomognemo u zaštiti od lažnih GPS signala.

I remember vividly the week it all came together.

Veoma jasno se sećam nedelje kada se sve odigralo.

We built it at my home, which means that

Sklopili smo uređaj u mojoj kući, što znači

I got a little extra help from my three-year-old son Ramon.

da mi je dodatno pomagao i moj trogodišnji sin, Ramon.

Here's Ramon — (Laughter) —

Evo Ramona (Smeh)

looking for a little attention from Dad that week.

kako traži malo pažnje od tate u toku te nedelje.

At first, the spoofer was just a jumble of cables

Na početku je uređaj bio samo gomila kablova

and computers, though we eventually got it packaged

i kompjutera, ali smo uspeli da ga spakujemo

into a small box.

u malu kutiju.

Now, the Dr. Frankenstein moment,

Trenutak poput doktora Frankenštajna,

when the spoofer finally came alive

kada je uređaj proradio,

and I glimpsed its awful potential,

a ja na trenutak ugledao njegovu užasnu moć,

came late one night when I tested the spoofer

došao je kasno jedne noći kada sam testirao uređaj

against my iPhone.

na svom iPhone-u.

Let me show you some actual footage from that

Pokazaću vam stvarni snimak

very first experiment.

tog prvog eksperimenta.

I had come to completely trust this little blue dot

Stekao sam potpuno poverenje u ovu plavu tačkicu

and its reassuring blue halo.

i njen umirujući plavi oreol.

They seemed to speak to me.

Kao da govore.

They'd say, "Here you are. Here you are." (Laughter)

Rekli bi: "Evo te. Evo te." (Smeh)

And "you can trust us."

I "možeš da nam veruješ."

So something felt very wrong about the world.

Zato mi je svet izgledao jako čudno.

It was a sense, almost, of betrayal,

Osećao sam se praktično prevareno

when this little blue dot started at my house,

kada je ova plava tačkica krenula od moje kuće

and went running off toward the north

i pobegla ka severu

leaving me behind. I wasn't moving.

ostavljajući me za sobom. Ja se nisam kretao.

What I then saw in this little moving blue dot

Tada sam u ovoj pokretnoj plavoj tačkici

was the potential for chaos.

video potencijal za haos.

I saw airplanes and ships veering off course, with the captain

Video sam avione i brodove koji skreću sa puta, dok kapetan

learning only too late that something was wrong.

prekasno shvata da nešto nije u redu.

I saw the GPS-derived timing

Video sam kako GPS sat

of the New York Stock Exchange

njujorške berze

being manipulated by hackers.

kvare hakeri.

You can scarcely imagine the kind of havoc

Teško da se može zamisliti kakav biste haos

you could cause if you knew what you were doing

mogli izazvati ako biste znali šta radite

with a GPS spoofer.

sa GPS "prevarantom".

There is, though, one redeeming feature

Međutim, postoji jedno pozitivno svojstvo

of the GPS spoofer.

GPS "prevaranta".

It's the ultimate weapon against an invasion of GPS dots.

To je krajnje oružje protiv invazije GPS tačaka.

Imagine, for example, you're being tracked.

Zamislite, recimo, da vas neko prati.

Well, you can play the tracker for a fool,

Možete potpuno prevariti tu osobu

pretending to be at work when you're really on vacation.

tako što se pretvarate da ste na poslu dok ste zapravo na odmoru.

Or, if you're Carol, you could lure your ex-boyfriend

Ako ste Kerol, možete navesti svog bivšeg dečka

into some empty parking lot

da ode na neki prazan parking

where the police are waiting for him.

gde ga čeka policija.

So I'm fascinated by this conflict, a looming conflict,

Fasciniran sam sve stvarnijim sukobom

between privacy on the one hand

između privatnosti

and the need for a clean radio spectrum on the other.

i potrebe za čistim radijskim spektrom.

We simply cannot tolerate GPS jammers and spoofers,

Ne možemo tolerisati blokiranje i lažiranje signala,

and yet, given the lack of effective legal means

ali, pošto nema pravnog puta

for protecting our privacy from the GPS dot,

da zaštitimo svoju privatnost od GPS tačke,

can you really blame people for wanting to turn them on,

je li uopšte čudno što ljudi to žele da uključe,

for wanting to use them?

što to žele da koriste?

I hold out hope that we'll be able to reconcile

Nadam se da ćemo uspeti da rešimo

this conflict with some sort of,

ovaj sukob nekom

some yet uninvented technology.

još neizmišljenom tehnologijom.

But meanwhile, grab some popcorn,

U međuvremenu, spremite se za zabavu

because things are going to get interesting.

jer će se stvari zakuvati.

Within the next few years,

Tokom narednih nekoliko godina,

many of you will be the proud owner of a GPS dot.

mnogi od vas će postati ponosni vlasnici GPS tačke.

Maybe you'll have a whole bag full of them.

Možda ćete imati i punu kesu takvih uređaja.

You'll never lose track of your things again.

Nikad više nećete gubiti svoje stvari.

The GPS dot will fundamentally reorder your life.

GPS tačka će promeniti vaš život iz korena.

But will you be able to resist the temptation

Ali hoćete li odoleti iskušenju

to track your fellow man?

da pratite druge ljude?

Or will you be able to resist the temptation

I hoćete li odoleti iskušenju

to turn on a GPS spoofer or a Wave Bubble

da uključite lažan GPS signal ili Wave Bubble

to protect your own privacy?

da biste zaštitili svoju privatnost?

So, as usual, what we see just beyond the horizon

Kao i obično, tik iza horizonta

is full of promise and peril.

čekaju nas nada i opasnost.

It'll be fascinating to see how this all turns out.

Biće zanimljivo videti kako će se ovo završiti.

Thanks. (Applause)

Hvala vam. (Aplauz)