Toby Eccles: Invest in social change

Prevodilac: Ivana Krivokuća Lektor: Mile Živković

I'm here today to talk about social change,

Danas sam ovde da govorim o društvenim promenama,

not a new therapy or a new intervention

ne o novoj terapiji ili novoj intervenciji

or a new way of working with kids or something like that,

ili novom načinu rada sa decom ili tako nečemu,

but a new business model for social change,

već o novom poslovnom modelu za društvene promene,

a new way of tackling the problem.

novom načinu rešavanja problema.

In Britain, 63 percent of all men

U Britaniji, 63 odsto svih muškaraca

who come out of short sentences from prison

koji odsluže kratke zatvorske kazne

re-offend again within a year.

ponovo naprave prekršaj u roku od godinu dana.

Now how many previous offenses

Koliko prethodnih prekršaja

do you think they have on average

mislite da su u proseku

managed to commit?

uspeli da počine?

Forty-three.

Četrdeset tri.

And how many previous times do you think they've been in prison?

A šta mislite, koliko puta su pre bili u zatvoru?

Seven.

Sedam.

So we went to talk to the Ministry of Justice,

Sastali smo se sa Ministarstvom pravde,

and we said to the Ministry of Justice,

i rekli smo Ministarstvu pravde,

what's it worth to you

koliko bi vredelo za vas

if fewer of these guys re-offend?

kada bi manje ovih ljudi činilo prekršaje?

It's got to be worth something, right?

Mora da vredi nešto, zar ne?

I mean, there's prison costs,

Mislim, tu su troškovi zatvora,

there's police costs, there's court costs,

izdaci policije, izdaci suda,

all these things that you're spending money on

sve te stvari na koje trošite novac

to deal with these guys. What's it worth?

da bi se bavili ovakvim tipovima. Koliko to vredi?

Now, of course, we care about the social value.

Naravno, brinemo o društvenim vrednostima.

Social Finance, the organization I helped set up,

Društvene finansije, organizacija u čijem sam osnivanju pomogao,

cares about social stuff.

brine o društvenim stvarima.

But we wanted to make the economic case,

Ali hteli smo da dobijemo ekonomski slučaj,

because if we could make the economic case,

jer ako bismo dobili ekonomski slučaj,

then the value of doing this would be completely compelling.

onda bi vrednost svega ovoga bila sasvim ubedljiva.

And if we can agree on both a value

Ako možemo da se složimo oko vrednosti

and a way of measuring whether we've been

kao i načinu merenja da li smo uspešni

successful at reducing that re-offending,

u smanjenju ponovnih prekršaja,

then we can do something

onda možemo učiniti nešto

we think rather interesting.

za šta mislimo da je jako interesantno.

The idea is called the social impact bond.

Ideja se zove garancija o društvenom uticaju.

Now, the social impact bond is simply saying,

Garancija o društvenom uticaju kaže,

if we can get the government to agree,

ako možemo ubediti vladu da pristane,

that we can create a contract where

možemo stvoriti ugovor gde

they only pay if it worked.

oni plaćaju samo ako funkcioniše.

So that means that they can try out new stuff

To znači da mogu da probaju nove stvari

without the embarrassment

bez neprijatnosti

of having to pay if it didn't work,

da moraju platiti ako ne funkcionišu,

which for still quite a lot of bits of government,

što je još uvek za većinu vlasti,

that's a serious issue.

ozbiljan problem.

Now, many of you may have noticed

Mnogi od vas su primetili

there's a problem at this point,

da ovde postoji problem,

and that is that it takes a long time to measure

a to je da treba mnogo vremena da se proceni

whether those outcomes have happened.

da li su se ti ishodi desili.

So we have to raise some money.

Moramo da skupimo novac.

We use the contract to raise money

Koristimo ugovore da prikupimo novac

from socially motivated investors.

od društveno motivisanih investitora.

Socially motivated investors:

Društveno motivisani investitori:

there's an interesting idea, right?

to je interesantna ideja, zar ne?

But actually, there's a lot of people who,

Ali zaista, postoji mnogo ljudi koji bi,

if they're given the chance,

ako im je pružena šansa,

would love to invest in something

voleli da ulože u nešto

that does social good.

što čini dobro društvu.

And here's the opportunity.

A evo prilike.

Do you want to also help government find

Da li vi takođe želite da pomognete da vlada otkrije

whether there's a better economic model,

da li postoji bolji ekonomski model,

not just leaving these guys to come out of prison

ne samo ostaviti te ljude da izađu iz zatvora

and waiting till they re-offend and putting them back in again,

i čekati dok opet ne počine prestup i ponovo ih zatvoriti,

but actually working with them

nego zaista raditi sa njima

to move to a different path

da krenu drugom putanjom

to end up with fewer crimes

kako bi se završilo sa manje kriminala

and fewer victims?

i sa manje žrtava?

So we find some investors,

Dakle, nađemo investitore,

and they pay for a set of services,

oni plate za niz usluga,

and if those services are successful,

i ako su te usluge uspešne,

then they improve outcomes,

onda poboljšaju rezultate,

and with those measured reductions in re-offending,

a sa tim izmerenim smanjenjima ponavljanja prestupa,

government saves money,

vlada štedi novac,

and with those savings,

i sa tom uštedom,

they can pay outcomes.

mogu da plate rezultate.

And the investors do not just get their money back,

Ne samo da investitori dobiju novac nazad,

but they make a return.

već i ostvare zaradu.

So in March 2010, we signed

U martu 2010. godine, potpisali smo

the first social impact bond

prvu garanciju o društvenom uticaju

with the Ministry of Justice

sa Ministarstvom pravde

around Peterborough Prison.

za zatvor Piterboro.

It was to work with 3,000 offenders

Trebalo je da se radi sa 3 000 prestupnika

split into three cohorts of 1,000 each.

podeljenih u tri grupe od po 1 000.

Now, each of those cohorts

Svaka grupa

would get measured over the two years

bi se procenjivala tokom dve godine

that they were coming out of prison.

od njihovog izlaska iz zatvora.

They've got to have a year to commit their crimes,

Imali su godinu dana da počine prekršaj,

six months to get through the court system,

šest meseci da prođu kroz sudski sistem,

and then they would be compared to a group

i onda bi ih uporedili sa grupom

taken from the police national computer,

uzetom iz nacionalnog policijskog sistema,

as similar as possible,

što je moguće sličnijom,

and we would get paid

i onda bi nam platili

providing we achieved a hurdle rate of 10-percent reduction,

pod uslovom da smo očekivani priraštaj smanjili za 10 posto,

for every conviction event that didn't happen.

za svaku osudu koja se nije desila.

So we get paid for crimes saved.

Plaćaju nas za sprečene zločine.

Now if we achieved that 10-percent reduction

Ako bismo postigli to smanjenje od 10 posto

across all three cohorts,

u sve tri grupe,

then the investors get a seven and a half percent

onda investitori dobijaju sedam i po procenata

annualized return on their investment,

godišnjeg dohotka od svojih investicija,

and if we do better than that,

a ako postignemo više od toga,

they can get up to 13 percent

mogu da dobiju do 13 procenta

annualized return on their investment,

godišnjeg dohotka od svojih investicija,

which is okay.

što je dobro.

So everyone wins here, right?

Tako da su svi na dobitku, zar ne?

The Ministry of Justice can try out a new program

Ministarstvo pravde može da isproba nove programe

and they only pay if it works.

i plate samo ako funkcionišu.

Investors get two opportunities:

Investitori imaju dve mogućnosti:

for the first time, they can invest in social change.

po prvi put, mogu ulagati u društvene promene.

Also, they make a reasonable return,

Takođe, vrati im se razumna svota,

and they also know that

i uz to znaju

first investors in these kinds of things,

da kao prvi investitori u ovakvim stvarima,

they're going to have to believers.

moraće da imaju vere.

They're going to have to care in the social program,

Moraće da se brinu o društvenim programima,

but if this builds a track record

ali ako ovo pokaže dobre rezultate

over five or 10 years,

tokom pet ili 10 godina,

then you can widen that investor community

onda se može proširiti zajednica investitora

as more people have confidence in the product.

kako više ljudi ima poverenja u proizvod.

The service providers, well, for the first time,

Pružaoci usluga po prvi put

they've got an opportunity to provide services

imaju priliku da obezbede usluge

and grow the evidence for what they're doing

i ojačaju dokaze za ono što rade

in a really constructive way and learn

na zaista konstruktivan način i nauče

and demonstrate the value of what they're doing

i pokažu vrednosti onoga što rade

over five or six years, not just one or two

tokom pet ili šest godina, ne samo jedne ili dve,

as often happens at the moment.

kako se češće dešava trenutno.

Society wins: fewer crimes, fewer victims.

Društvo dobija: manje kriminala, manje žrtava.

Now, the offenders, they also benefit.

Prestupnici takođe imaju koristi.

Instead of just coming out of the prison

Umesto da prosto izađu iz zatvora

with 46 pounds in their pocket,

sa 46 funti u svom džepu,

polovina njih ne znajući gde će provesti

half of them not knowing where they're spending

their first night out of jail,

svoju prvu noć van zatvora,

actually, someone meets them in prison,

zapravo, neko ih čeka u zatvoru,

learns about their issues,

upoznaje se sa njihovim problemima,

meets them at the gate,

čeka ih na kapiji,

takes them through to somewhere to stay,

vodi ih negde gde će odsesti,

povezuje ih sa beneficijama, povezuje ih sa zaposlenjem,

connects them to benefits, connects them to employment,

drug rehabilitation, mental health,

odvikavanjem od droga, mentalnim zdravljem,

whatever's needed.

sa čime god da je potrebno.

So let's think of another example:

Hajde da zamislimo sledeći primer:

working with children in care.

rad sa decom pod zaštitom države.

Social impact bonds work great

Garancije o društvenom uticaju sjajno funkcionišu

for any area where there is at the moment

u svakoj oblasti gde trenutno postoji

very expensive provision that produces

veoma skupa odredba koja proizvodi

poor outcomes for people.

loše rezultate za ljude.

So children in the state care

Deca pod državnom negom

tend to do very badly.

često vrlo loše napreduju.

Only 13 percent achieve a reasonable level

Samo 13 procenata postigne razuman nivo

of five GCSEs at 16,

obrazovanja u 16. godini,

against 58 percent of the wider population.

naspram 58 procenata šire populacije.

More troublingly, 27 percent of offenders in prison

Još više zabrinjava da je 27 procenata prestupnika u zatvorima

have spent some time in care.

provelo neko vreme pod zaštitom.

And even more worryingly,

I još više zabrinjavajuće,

and this is a Home Office statistic,

a ovo je zvanični podatak,

70 percent of prostitutes

70 posto prostitutki

have spent some time in care.

je provelo neko vreme pod zaštitom države.

The state is not a great parent.

Država nije sjajan roditelj.

But there are great programs

Ali postoje sjajni programi

for adolescents who are on the edge of care,

za adolescente koji su nadomak stavljanja pod zaštitu,

and 30 percent of kids going into care

a 30 posto dece koja idu pod zaštitu

are adolescents.

su adolescenti.

So we set up a program with Essex County Council

Organizovali smo program sa Savetom okruga Eseks

to test out intensive family therapeutic support

kako bismo testirali intenzivnu porodičnu terapeutsku pomoć

for those families with adolescents

za one porodice sa adolescentima

on the edge of the care system.

na ivici sistema zaštite.

Essex only pays in the event

Eseks plaća samo rezultate

that it's saving them care costs.

koji im smanjuju troškove zaštite.

Investors have put in 3.1 million pounds.

Investitori su uložili 3,1 miliona funti.

That program started last month.

Taj program je započet prošlog meseca.

Others, around homelessness in London,

Drugi, za beskućništvo u Londonu,

around youth and employment and education

za mlade i zaposlenje i obrazovanje

elsewhere in the country.

na drugim mestima u zemlji.

There are now 13 social impact bonds in Britain,

Danas u Britaniji postoji 13 garancija o društvenom uticaju,

and amazing levels of interest in this idea

i neverovatan nivo interesovanja za ovom idejom

all over the world.

širom sveta.

So David Cameron's put 20 million pounds

Tako je Dejvid Kameron uložio 20 miliona funti

into a social outcomes fund to support this idea.

u fond za društvene posledice da bi podržao ovu ideju.

Obama has suggested 300 million dollars

Obama je predložio 300 miliona dolara

in the U.S. budget for these kinds of ideas

budžeta SAD-a za ovakve ideje

and structures to move it forward,

i strukture koje bi ih pokrenule,

and a lot of other countries

i mnoge druge zemlje

are demonstrating considerable interest.

pokazuju značajno interesovanje.

So what's caused this excitement?

Šta je to što je izazvalo ovo uzbuđenje?

Why is this so different for people?

Zašto je ovo tako drugačije za ljude?

Well, the first piece, which we've talked about,

Pa, jednim delom, ono o čemu smo već govorili,

is innovation.

to je inovacija.

It enables testing of new ideas

Omogućava isprobavanje novih ideja

in a way that's less difficult for everybody.

na način koji je manje naporan za sve.

The second piece it brings is rigor.

Drugi deo je da donosi nepopustljivost.

By working to outcomes, people really have to test

Radeći ka rezultatima, ljudi zaista moraju da testiraju

and bring data into the situation that one's dealing with.

i donesu činjenice u situaciju kojom se bave.

So taking Peterborough as an example,

Uzevši Piterbro kao primer,

we add case management

dodamo vođenje slučaja

across all of the different organizations that we're working with

kroz sve različite organizacije sa kojima radimo

so they know

tako da znaju

what actually has been done with different prisoners,

šta je zaista urađeno sa različitim zatvorenicima,

and at the same time they learn

i istovremeno saznaju

from the Ministry of Justice, and we learn,

od Ministarstva pravde, i mi saznajemo,

because we pushed for the data,

pre nego smo zatražili podatke,

what actually happens, whether they get re-arrested or not.

šta se zaista dešava, bilo da su ponovo uhapšeni ili ne.

And we learn and adapt the program accordingly.

I saznajemo i prilagođavamo program u skladu sa time.

And this leads to the third element, which is new,

A ovo vodi do trećeg elementa, koji je nov,

and that's flexibility.

a to je fleksibilnost.

Because normal contracting for things,

Zbog normalnog ugovaranja stvari,

when you're spending government money,

kada trošite vladin novac,

you're spending our money, tax money,

trošite naš novac, novac od poreza,

and the people who are in charge of that are very aware of it

a ljudi koji su nadležni su vrlo svesni toga

so the temptation is to control exactly how you spend it.

tako da je iskušenje kontrolisati koliko tačno trošite.

Now any entrepreneur in the room knows

Svaki preduzetnik u prostoriji zna

that version 1.0, the business plan,

da verzija 1.0 biznis plana

is not the one that generally works.

obično nije ona koja deluje.

So when you're trying to do something like this,

Dakle kada pokušavate da uradite nešto kao što je ovo,

you need the flexibility to adapt the program.

potrebna vam je fleksibilnost da prilagođavate program.

And again, in Peterborough, we started off

I opet, u Piterboru, započeli smo program,

with a program, but we also collected data,

ali smo takođe prikupili podatke,

and over the period of time,

i vremenom

we nuanced and changed that program

smo nijansirali i izmenili taj program

to add a range of other elements,

da bismo dodali niz drugih elemenata,

so that the service adapts

tako da se usluga prilagođava

and we meet the needs of the long term

i zadovoljavamo potrebe na duže staze

as well as the short term:

kao i kratkoročno:

greater engagement from the prisoners,

veće angažovanje zatvorenika,

longer-term engagement as well.

dugoročno angažovanje takođe.

The last element is partnership.

Poslednji element je partnerstvo.

There is, at the moment, a stale debate going on very often:

Trenutno postoji otrcana debata koja se često odvija:

state's better, public sector's better,

država je bolja, javni sektor je bolji,

private sector's better, social sector's better,

privatni sektor je bolji, društveni sektor je bolji,

for a lot of these programs.

za mnoge od ovih programa.

Actually, for creating social change,

Zapravo, za stvaranje društvenih promena,

we need to bring in the expertise

potrebno je uneti stručnost

from all of those parties

iz svih tih grupa

in order to make this work.

kako bi ovo delovalo.

And this creates a structure

I ovo stvara strukturu

through which they can combine.

kroz koju se oni mogu spajati.

So where does this leave us?

Dakle gde nas ovo dovodi?

This leaves us with a way

Ovo nas dovodi do načina

that people can invest in social change.

na koji ljudi mogu ulagati u društvene promene.

We've met thousands, possibly millions of people,

Sreli smo hiljade, možda milione ljudi,

who want the opportunity to invest in social change.

koji žele priliku da ulažu u društvene promene.

We've met champions all over the public sector

Svi smo se susreli sa šampionima širom javnog sektora

keen to make these kinds of differences.

željnim da naprave ovakve promene.

With this kind of model,

Sa ovom vrstom modela,

we can help bring them together.

možemo pomoći da se oni povežu.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)