Toby Eccles: Invest in social change

Translator: Klavdija Cernilogar Reviewer: Snežana Stone

I'm here today to talk about social change,

Danes bom govoril o družbenih spremembah,

not a new therapy or a new intervention

ne o novi terapiji ali novem ukrepu

or a new way of working with kids or something like that,

ali novem načinu dela z otroki ali o čem podobnem,

but a new business model for social change,

temveč o poslovnem načrtu za družbene spremembe,

a new way of tackling the problem.

kot novem načinu reševanja problema.

In Britain, 63 percent of all men

V Britaniji 63 odstotkov moških

who come out of short sentences from prison

po prestanih kratkih zapornih kaznih

re-offend again within a year.

v enem letu ponovno prestopi črko zakona.

Now how many previous offenses

Koliko prestopkov so

do you think they have on average

po vašem mnenju povprečno

managed to commit?

že uspeli napraviti?

Forty-three.

Triinštirideset.

And how many previous times do you think they've been in prison?

In kolikokrat so poprej že bili v zaporu?

Seven.

Sedemkrat.

So we went to talk to the Ministry of Justice,

Zato smo odšli na pravosodno ministrstvo

and we said to the Ministry of Justice,

in jih vprašali,

what's it worth to you

kaj bi jim pomenilo,

if fewer of these guys re-offend?

če bi manj teh fantov postalo povratnikov.

It's got to be worth something, right?

To vendar mora imeti neko vrednost, ne?

I mean, there's prison costs,

Saj veste, tu so stroški zapora,

there's police costs, there's court costs,

stroški za policijo, za sodišče,

all these things that you're spending money on

vse te zadeve, za katere se troši denar,

to deal with these guys. What's it worth?

da bi obravnavali te fante. Koliko je to vredno?

Now, of course, we care about the social value.

Seveda je pomembna tudi socialna vrednost.

Social Finance, the organization I helped set up,

Social Finance, organizacija, ki sem jo pomagal postaviti na noge,

cares about social stuff.

skrbi za socialne zadeve.

But we wanted to make the economic case,

A hoteli smo narediti ekonomski izračun,

because if we could make the economic case,

ker če bi nam to uspelo,

then the value of doing this would be completely compelling.

bi bila vrednost take spremembe izjemno močna.

And if we can agree on both a value

Če bi se lahko zedinili o vrednosti

and a way of measuring whether we've been

in načinu merjenja, ali smo bili uspešni

successful at reducing that re-offending,

pri zmanjševanju povratništva,

then we can do something

potem menimo, da lahko

we think rather interesting.

naredimo nekaj dokaj zanimivega.

The idea is called the social impact bond.

Zamisel se imenuje obveznica družbenega učinka.

Now, the social impact bond is simply saying,

Obveznica družbenega učinka pravi,

if we can get the government to agree,

da, če dosežemo strinjanje vlade,

that we can create a contract where

lahko sestavimo pogodbo, po kateri

they only pay if it worked.

vlada plača samo, če stvar učinkuje.

So that means that they can try out new stuff

Na ta način lahko poskusijo nove pristope

without the embarrassment

brez sramote,

of having to pay if it didn't work,

da bi morali plačati, če ne delujejo,

which for still quite a lot of bits of government,

kar je za velik del uprave

that's a serious issue.

še vedno resna zadeva.

Now, many of you may have noticed

Veliko vas je najbrž ugotovilo,

there's a problem at this point,

da obstaja problem,

and that is that it takes a long time to measure

da traja dolgo časa, preden lahko izmerimo,

whether those outcomes have happened.

kakšni so rezultati.

So we have to raise some money.

Zato moramo zbrati nekaj denarja.

We use the contract to raise money

S pogodbo zbiramo denar

from socially motivated investors.

pri družbeno motiviranih vlagateljih.

Socially motivated investors:

Družbeno motivirani vlagatelji:

there's an interesting idea, right?

zanimiva zamisel, kajne?

But actually, there's a lot of people who,

V resnici obstaja veliko ljudi,

if they're given the chance,

ki bi, če bi imeli možnost,

would love to invest in something

vlagali v nekaj,

that does social good.

kar je družbeno koristno.

And here's the opportunity.

Tule je priložnost.

Do you want to also help government find

Želite tudi vi pomagati vladi, da bi ugotovila,

whether there's a better economic model,

ali obstaja boljši ekonomski model od tega.

not just leaving these guys to come out of prison

da pustimo te fante, da pridejo iz zapora,

and waiting till they re-offend and putting them back in again,

počakamo, spet storijo prekršek, in jih vtaknemo nazaj v ječo.

but actually working with them

Namesto tega jih lahko podpremo,

to move to a different path

da spremenijo svojo pot,

to end up with fewer crimes

in tako dosežemo manj kriminala

and fewer victims?

in manj žrtev.

So we find some investors,

Najdemo torej nekaj vlagateljev,

and they pay for a set of services,

ki plačajo za skupek storitev,

and if those services are successful,

in če so le-te uspešne,

then they improve outcomes,

izboljšajo rezultate

and with those measured reductions in re-offending,

in s tem izmerjenim zmanjšanjem povratništva

government saves money,

vlada prihrani denar,

and with those savings,

s prihranki

they can pay outcomes.

pa lahko plača rezultate.

And the investors do not just get their money back,

Vlagatelji ne dobijo denarja samo nazaj,

but they make a return.

temveč jih čaka tudi dobiček.

So in March 2010, we signed

Marca 2010 smo podpisali

the first social impact bond

prvo obveznico družbenega učinka

with the Ministry of Justice

s pravosodnim ministrstvom

around Peterborough Prison.

v zvezi z zaporom Peterborough.

It was to work with 3,000 offenders

Namen je bil delati s tri tisoč prestopniki,

split into three cohorts of 1,000 each.

razdeljenimi v tri skupine po tisoč.

Now, each of those cohorts

Vsako skupino

would get measured over the two years

smo spremljali dve leti,

that they were coming out of prison.

ko so njeni člani prihajali iz zapora.

They've got to have a year to commit their crimes,

Leto dni je potrebno, da prekršijo zakon,

six months to get through the court system,

šest mesecev, da pridejo skozi sodni sistem,

and then they would be compared to a group

potem pa smo jih primerjali s skupino,

taken from the police national computer,

vzeto iz nacionalnega policijskega registra,

as similar as possible,

ki je bila kolikor mogoče podobna.

and we would get paid

Plačali so nam,

providing we achieved a hurdle rate of 10-percent reduction,

če smo dosegli mejo 10-odstotnega zmanjšanja,

for every conviction event that didn't happen.

za vsako obsodbo, ki se ni zgodila.

So we get paid for crimes saved.

Plačali so nam, da smo zmanjševali kriminal.

Now if we achieved that 10-percent reduction

Če smo dosegli 10-odstotno zmanjšanje

across all three cohorts,

v vseh treh skupinah,

then the investors get a seven and a half percent

so vlagatelji dobili 7,5 odstotka

annualized return on their investment,

letnega dobička na svojo investicijo.

and if we do better than that,

Če pa smo bili še bolj uspešni,

they can get up to 13 percent

so lahko dobili do 13 odstotkov

annualized return on their investment,

letnega dobička na investicijo,

which is okay.

kar je v redu.

So everyone wins here, right?

Tako vsi pridobimo, ne?

The Ministry of Justice can try out a new program

Pravosodno ministrstvo lahko preizkusi nov program

and they only pay if it works.

in plača samo, če deluje.

Investors get two opportunities:

Vlagatelji dobijo dve priložnosti:

for the first time, they can invest in social change.

prvič, lahko vlagajo v družbene spremembe.

Also, they make a reasonable return,

Poleg tega dobijo razumen dobiček.

and they also know that

Res pa je,

first investors in these kinds of things,

da morajo kot prvi vlagatelji v take stvari

they're going to have to believers.

biti res prepričani vanje.

They're going to have to care in the social program,

Socialni program mora biti zanje pomemben,

but if this builds a track record

a če v petih ali desetih letih

over five or 10 years,

postane praksa z dobrimi rezultati,

then you can widen that investor community

lahko skupnost vlagateljev razširimo,

as more people have confidence in the product.

saj več ljudi začne zaupati projektu.

The service providers, well, for the first time,

Ponudniki storitev imajo prvič sploh

they've got an opportunity to provide services

možnost dati svoje storitve na trg

and grow the evidence for what they're doing

ter zbrati dokaze za svoje delo

in a really constructive way and learn

na konstruktiven način ter se naučiti

and demonstrate the value of what they're doing

in prikazati pomen tega, kar počnejo,

over five or six years, not just one or two

v petih, šestih letih, ne v enem ali dveh,

as often happens at the moment.

kot se trenutno pogosto dogaja.

Society wins: fewer crimes, fewer victims.

Družba pridobi: manj kriminala, manj žrtev.

Now, the offenders, they also benefit.

Tudi prestopniki pridobijo.

Instead of just coming out of the prison

Namesto da bi prišli iz zapora

with 46 pounds in their pocket,

s 46 funti v žepu

half of them not knowing where they're spending

in polovica brez ideje,

their first night out of jail,

kje bodo prebili prvo svobodno noč,

actually, someone meets them in prison,

jih nekdo sreča, ko so še v zaporu,

learns about their issues,

se pouči o njihovih težavah,

meets them at the gate,

jih počaka pri vratih,

takes them through to somewhere to stay,

jih odpelje nekam, kjer lahko prespijo,

connects them to benefits, connects them to employment,

jih poveže s socialnimi prispevki, s trgom dela,

drug rehabilitation, mental health,

z zdravljenjem odvisnosti, z duševnim zdravjem,

whatever's needed.

kar je pač treba.

So let's think of another example:

Poglejmo si še en primer:

working with children in care.

delo z otroki v oskrbi.

Social impact bonds work great

Obveznice družbenega učinka delujejo

for any area where there is at the moment

na vsakem področju, kjer trenutno obstajajo

very expensive provision that produces

zelo dragi ukrepi, ki prinašajo

poor outcomes for people.

majhne učinke na ljudi.

So children in the state care

Otroci v državni oskrbi

tend to do very badly.

ponavadi nimajo dobrih rezultatov.

Only 13 percent achieve a reasonable level

Samo 13 odstotkov jih doseže zmerni nivo

of five GCSEs at 16,

pri petih predmetih pri starosti 16 let.

against 58 percent of the wider population.

V celotni populaciji je takih 58 odstotkov.

More troublingly, 27 percent of offenders in prison

Še huje, 27 odstotkov zapornikov

have spent some time in care.

je bilo vsaj nekaj časa v oskrbi.

And even more worryingly,

In še bolj zaskrbljujoče je,

and this is a Home Office statistic,

to je statistika notranjega ministrstva,

70 percent of prostitutes

da je bilo 70 odstotkov prostitutk

have spent some time in care.

določen čas v oskrbi.

The state is not a great parent.

Država ni odličen starš.

But there are great programs

Obstajajo pa odlični programi

for adolescents who are on the edge of care,

za najstnike, ki so na robu oskrbe,

and 30 percent of kids going into care

in 30% otrok, ki pridejo v oskrbo,

are adolescents.

je najstnikov.

So we set up a program with Essex County Council

Z območnim svetom v Essexu smo vzpostavili program

to test out intensive family therapeutic support

za testiranje intenzivne družinske terapije

for those families with adolescents

v družinah, kjer so najstniki

on the edge of the care system.

na robu vstopa v sistem oskrbe.

Essex only pays in the event

Essex plača samo,

that it's saving them care costs.

če jim sistem pomaga prihraniti stroške.

Investors have put in 3.1 million pounds.

Vlagatelji so prispevali 3,1 milijona funtov.

That program started last month.

Program se je začel prejšnji mesec.

Others, around homelessness in London,

Drugi, za brezdomce v Londonu,

around youth and employment and education

za mlade ter za zaposlovanje in izobraževanje

elsewhere in the country.

drugod po državi.

There are now 13 social impact bonds in Britain,

Trenutno je v Britaniji 13 obveznic družbenega učinka

and amazing levels of interest in this idea

in izjemno zanimanje za ta pristop

all over the world.

po vsem svetu.

So David Cameron's put 20 million pounds

David Cameron je vložil 20 milijonov funtov

into a social outcomes fund to support this idea.

v podporo obveznici družbenega učinka.

Obama has suggested 300 million dollars

Obama je za take ideje predlagal 300 milijonov dolarjev

in the U.S. budget for these kinds of ideas

v ameriškem proračunu

and structures to move it forward,

ter strukture, ki bi jih razvile.

and a lot of other countries

Veliko drugih držav

are demonstrating considerable interest.

kaže veliko zanimanje.

So what's caused this excitement?

Kaj povzroča tako vznemirjenje?

Why is this so different for people?

Zakaj je to nekaj tako drugačnega?

Well, the first piece, which we've talked about,

Prva stvar, o kateri smo govorili,

is innovation.

je inovacija.

It enables testing of new ideas

Omogoča testiranje novih zamisli

in a way that's less difficult for everybody.

na način, ki je bolj enostaven za vse.

The second piece it brings is rigor.

Druga stvar je vztrajnost.

By working to outcomes, people really have to test

Delo za rezultate pomeni, da je treba res preveriti informacije

and bring data into the situation that one's dealing with.

in prenesti podatke v situacijo, s katero imamo opravka.

So taking Peterborough as an example,

Če vzamemo Peterborough kot primer,

we add case management

dodamo upravljanje s primeri

across all of the different organizations that we're working with

v vseh sodelujočih organizacijah,

so they know

tako da vedo,

what actually has been done with different prisoners,

kaj se je zgodilo s posameznimi zaporniki,

and at the same time they learn

hkrati pa se učijo

from the Ministry of Justice, and we learn,

od pravosodnega ministrstva in mi se učimo,

because we pushed for the data,

ker zahtevamo podatke,

what actually happens, whether they get re-arrested or not.

kaj se zgodi: ali jih spet aretirajo ali ne.

And we learn and adapt the program accordingly.

Učimo se in sproti prilagajamo program.

And this leads to the third element, which is new,

To vodi k tretjemu elementu, ki je nov,

and that's flexibility.

to je fleksibilnost.

Because normal contracting for things,

Običajne pogodbe

when you're spending government money,

za porabo javnega denarja,

you're spending our money, tax money,

pomenijo porabo davkoplačevalskega denarja.

and the people who are in charge of that are very aware of it

Ljudje, ki z njim upravljajo, se tega zavedajo,

so the temptation is to control exactly how you spend it.

zato jih mika nadzor nad porabo tega denarja.

Now any entrepreneur in the room knows

Vsak podjetnik v tej sobi ve,

that version 1.0, the business plan,

da verzija 1.0 poslovnega načrta

is not the one that generally works.

ni tista, ki ponavadi deluje.

So when you're trying to do something like this,

Ko preizkušate nekaj, kot je tole,

you need the flexibility to adapt the program.

potrebujete fleksibilnost za prilagajanje programa.

And again, in Peterborough, we started off

V Peterboroughu smo začeli s programom

with a program, but we also collected data,

ter z zbiranjem podatkov

and over the period of time,

in čez nekaj časa

we nuanced and changed that program

smo spremenili program

to add a range of other elements,

ter dodali številne nove elemente,

so that the service adapts

kar je storitev prilagodilo

and we meet the needs of the long term

dolgoročnim potrebam

as well as the short term:

tako kot kratkoročnim:

greater engagement from the prisoners,

večja zavzetost zapornikov,

longer-term engagement as well.

tudi dolgoročna.

The last element is partnership.

Zadnji element je partnerstvo.

There is, at the moment, a stale debate going on very often:

Trenutno pogosto slišimo prežvečeno debato:

state's better, public sector's better,

javno je boljše, javni sektor je boljši,

private sector's better, social sector's better,

zasebni sektor je boljši, socialni sektor je boljši,

for a lot of these programs.

za veliko takih programov.

Actually, for creating social change,

Pravzaprav za doseganje družbenih sprememb

we need to bring in the expertise

potrebujemo znanje

from all of those parties

vseh teh členov,

in order to make this work.

da bi stvar delovala.

And this creates a structure

To ustvarja strukturo,

through which they can combine.

v kateri se lahko povežejo.

So where does this leave us?

In kaj nam to prinaša?

This leaves us with a way

Prinaša nam način,

that people can invest in social change.

na katerega ljudje lahko vlagajo v družbene spremembe.

We've met thousands, possibly millions of people,

Spoznali smo na tisoče, morda milijone ljudi,

who want the opportunity to invest in social change.

ki iščejo priložnost za vlaganje v družbene spremembe.

We've met champions all over the public sector

V celotnem javnem sektorju smo srečali šampione,

keen to make these kinds of differences.

ki si želijo doseči take spremembe.

With this kind of model,

S tovrstnim modelom

we can help bring them together.

lahko pripeljemo te ljudi skupaj.

Thank you.

Hvala.

(Applause)

(Aplavz)