Catarina Mota: Play with smart materials

Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast

Prevodilac: Jelena Vukovic Lektor: Mile Živković

I have a friend in Portugal

Imam prijatelja u Portugalu

whose grandfather built a vehicle out of a bicycle

čiji deda je napravio vozilo od bicikla i veš mašine,

and a washing machine so he could transport his family.

kako bi mogao da prevozi svoju porodicu.

He did it because he couldn't afford a car,

Uradio je to jer nije mogao da priušti automobil,

but also because he knew how to build one.

ali i zato jer je znao kako da ga napravi.

There was a time when we understood how things worked

Nekada su ljudi shvatali način na koji stvari funkcionišu

and how they were made, so we could build and repair them,

i kako su napravljene, tako da su ih mogli praviti i popravljati,

or at the very least

ili u najmanju ruku

make informed decisions about what to buy.

informisati se o tome šta da kupe.

Many of these do-it-yourself practices

Mnoge od ovih uradi-sam aktivnosti

were lost in the second half of the 20th century.

su izgubljene u drugoj polovini 20. veka.

But now, the maker community and the open-source model

Ali sada nam proizvođačka zajednica i model otvorenog koda

are bringing this kind of knowledge about how things work

ponovo vraćaju saznanja o tome kako stvari funkcionišu

and what they're made of back into our lives,

i od čega su napravljene,

and I believe we need to take them to the next level,

i verujem da treba da to prenesemo na sledeći nivo,

to the components things are made of.

na komponente od kojih su stvari napravljene.

For the most part, we still know

Najvećim delom, još uvek znamo

what traditional materials like paper and textiles are made of

od čega su napravljeni materijali kao što su papir i tkanine

and how they are produced.

i kako se proizvode.

But now we have these amazing, futuristic composites --

Ali sada postoje fantastični, futuristički kompozitni materijali -

plastics that change shape,

plastika koja menja oblik,

paints that conduct electricity,

boje koje provode struju,

pigments that change color, fabrics that light up.

pigmenti koji menjaju boju, tkanine koje svetle.

Let me show you some examples.

Dopustite mi da vam pokažem nekoliko primera.

So conductive ink allows us to paint circuits

Mastilo koje provodi struju nam dozvoljava da obojimo strujno kolo

instead of using the traditional

umesto da koristimo tradicionalna

printed circuit boards or wires.

štampana strujna kola ili žice.

In the case of this little example I'm holding,

U slučaju ovog malog primerka koji držim,

we used it to create a touch sensor that reacts to my skin

koristimo ga kako bismo proizveli senzore na dodir koji će reagovati na moju kožu

by turning on this little light.

uključujući ovu malu sijalicu.

Conductive ink has been used by artists,

Ovo mastilo koriste slikari,

but recent developments indicate that we will soon be able

ali nedavni događaji pokazuju da ćemo uskoro biti u mogućnosti

to use it in laser printers and pens.

da ga koristimo u laserskim štampačima i olovkama.

And this is a sheet of acrylic infused

Ovo je list akrilne smole

with colorless light-diffusing particles.

sa bezbojnim česticama koje prelivaju svetlost.

What this means is that, while regular acrylic

Ovo znači da, dok običan akrilik

only diffuses light around the edges,

razliva svetlost samo oko ivica

this one illuminates across the entire surface

ovaj je širi preko cele površine

when I turn on the lights around it.

kada uključim svetiljke na njegovim obodima.

Two of the known applications for this material

Dve poznate primene ovog materijala

include interior design and multi-touch systems.

uključuju dizajn enterijera i površina osetljivih na dodir.

And thermochromic pigments

A termohromni pigmenti

change color at a given temperature.

na određenoj temperaturi menjaju boju.

So I'm going to place this on a hot plate

Sada ću ovo postaviti na vruću površinu

that is set to a temperature only slightly higher than ambient

koja je nameštena na samo malo višu temperaturu nego što je u ovom prostoru

and you can see what happens.

i možete videti šta se dešava.

So one of the principle applications for this material

Jedna od osnovnih upotreba ovog materijala

is, amongst other things, in baby bottles,

je, između ostalog, u flašicama za bebe,

so it indicates when the contents are cool enough to drink.

kako bi se videlo da li je sadržaj dovoljno hladan da bi se pio.

So these are just a few of what are commonly known

Dakle, ovo su samo neki od materijala koji su nam poznati

as smart materials.

kao pametni materijali.

In a few years, they will be in many of the objects

Za nekoliko godina, oni će biti u mnogim predmetima

and technologies we use on a daily basis.

i tehnologijama koje koristimo svakodnevno.

We may not yet have the flying cars science fiction promised us,

Možda nećemo još imati leteće automobile kao što nam je naučna fantastika obećala,

but we can have walls that change color

ali možemo imati zidove koji menjaju boju

depending on temperature,

u zavisnosti od temperature,

keyboards that roll up,

tastaturu koja može da se zamota,

and windows that become opaque at the flick of a switch.

kao i prozore koji postaju neprozirni pritiskom na prekidač.

So I'm a social scientist by training,

Ja sam sociolog po profesiji,

so why am I here today talking about smart materials?

pa zašto onda ja danas govorim o pametnim materijalima?

Well first of all, because I am a maker.

Prvo, zato što sam ja stvaralac.

I'm curious about how things work

Zanima me to kako stvari rade

and how they are made,

i kako su one nastale,

but also because I believe we should have a deeper understanding

ali i zato što verujem da bi trebalo dublje da shvatimo

of the components that make up our world,

komponente koje čine naš svet

and right now, we don't know enough about

i upravo sada, mi ne znamo dovoljno

these high-tech composites our future will be made of.

o visoko tehnološkim kompozitnim materijalima koji će činiti budućnost.

Smart materials are hard to obtain in small quantities.

Teško je dobiti male količine pametnih materijala.

There's barely any information available on how to use them,

Jedva da postoje informacije o tome kako ih koristiti,

and very little is said about how they are produced.

i vrlo se malo govori o tome kako se proizvode.

So for now, they exist mostly in this realm

Tako da za sada uglavnom postoje u oblasti

of trade secrets and patents

poslovnih tajni i patenata

only universities and corporations have access to.

dostupnih samo univerzitetima i korporacijama.

So a little over three years ago, Kirsty Boyle and I

Pre oko tri godine, Kirsti Bojl i ja

started a project we called Open Materials.

smo započele projekat koji smo nazvale "Slobodni materijali".

It's a website where we,

To je Internet stranica gde mi

and anyone else who wants to join us,

i svako ko želi da nam se pridruži,

share experiments, publish information,

delimo eksperimente, objavljujemo informacije,

encourage others to contribute whenever they can,

ohrabrujemo druge da daju svoj doprinos kad god mogu,

and aggregate resources such as research papers

i skupljamo izvore kao što su istraživanja

and tutorials by other makers like ourselves.

i uputstva ostalih stvaralaca kao što smo mi.

We would like it to become a large,

Želele bismo da to postane velika

collectively generated database

baza podataka koju bismo zajedno sačinjavali,

of do-it-yourself information on smart materials.

sakupljajući informacije o tome kako da sami napravimo pametne materijale.

But why should we care

Ali zašto bismo uopšte razmišljali o tome

how smart materials work and what they are made of?

kako i od čega se prave pametni materijali?

First of all, because we can't shape what we don't understand,

Prvo, zato što ne možemo oblikovati nešto što ne razumemo,

and what we don't understand and use

a ono što ne razumemo i koristimo

ends up shaping us.

na kraju uobliči nas.

The objects we use, the clothes we wear,

Predmeti koje koristimo, odeća koju nosimo,

the houses we live in, all have a profound impact

kuće u kojima živimo, sve ovo ima temeljni uticaj

on our behavior, health and quality of life.

na naše ponašanje, zdravlje i kvalitet života.

So if we are to live in a world made of smart materials,

Tako da, ako želimo da živimo u svetu sačinjenom od pametnih materijala,

we should know and understand them.

trebalo bi da ih poznajemo i razumemo.

Secondly, and just as important,

Drugo, isto tako važno,

innovation has always been fueled by tinkerers.

inovacije su uvek bile plod mašte entuzijasta.

So many times, amateurs, not experts,

Puno puta su amateri, ne stručnjaci,

have been the inventors and improvers

bili pronalazači i oni koji su unapredili

of things ranging from mountain bikes

stvari počev od mauntin bajkova

to semiconductors, personal computers,

do poluprovodnika, kompjutera,

airplanes.

aviona.

The biggest challenge is that material science is complex

Najveći izazov je to što je nauka o materijalima kompleksna

and requires expensive equipment.

i zahteva skupu opremu.

But that's not always the case.

Ali, to nije uvek tako.

Two scientists at University of Illinois understood this

Dva naučnika sa Univerziteta u Ilinoju su ovo razumela

when they published a paper on a simpler method

kada su objavili rad o jednostavnijem načinu

for making conductive ink.

za izradu mastila koje provodi struju.

Jordan Bunker, who had had

Džordan Banker, koji do tada

no experience with chemistry until then,

nije imao iskustva sa hemijom,

read this paper and reproduced the experiment

pročitao je taj rad i ponovio njihov eksperiment

at his maker space using only off-the-shelf substances

u svojoj radionici koristeći samo najjednostavnije

and tools.

supstance i alat.

He used a toaster oven,

Koristio je toster,

and he even made his own vortex mixer,

i čak je napravio sopstvenu centrifugu,

based on a tutorial by another scientist/maker.

na osnovu uputstava drugog naučnika/stvaraoca.

Jordan then published his results online,

Džordan je zatim svoje rezultate objavio na internetu,

including all the things he had tried and didn't work,

zajedno sa svim stvarima koje je probao i nisu radile,

so others could study and reproduce it.

tako da su drugi mogli da to prouče i naprave.

So Jordan's main form of innovation

Džordanova osnova inovacije

was to take an experiment created in a well-equipped lab

je ta da je eksperiment koji je urađen

at the university

u dobro opremljenoj univerzitetskoj laboratoriji,

and recreate it in a garage in Chicago

pokušao da ponovi u garaži u Čikagu

using only cheap materials and tools he made himself.

koristeći samo jeftine materijale i alat koji je sam napravio.

And now that he published this work,

I sada kada je objavio svoj rad,

others can pick up where he left

ostali mogu da nastave tamo gde je stao

and devise even simpler processes and improvements.

i osmisle još jednostavniji način i poboljšanja procesa.

Another example I'd like to mention

Još jedan primer koji bih spomenula

is Hannah Perner-Wilson's Kit-of-No-Parts.

je "Oprema bez delova" Hane Perner-Vilson.

Her project's goal is to highlight

Cilj njenog projekta je da osvetli

the expressive qualities of materials

izrazite kvalitete materijala

while focusing on the creativity and skills of the builder.

i u isto vreme se fokusira na kreativnost i umeće graditelja.

Electronics kits are very powerful

Elektronski moduli su moćni

in that they teach us how things work,

u tome kako nas uče o funkcionisanju stvari,

but the constraints inherent in their design

ali ograničenja toga kako su dizajnirani

influence the way we learn.

utiču na to kako učimo.

So Hannah's approach, on the other hand,

S druge strane, Hanin pristup

is to formulate a series of techniques

je da osmisli niz tehnika

for creating unusual objects

za pravljenje neobičnih predmeta

that free us from pre-designed constraints

koji nas oslobađaju ovih ograničenja

by teaching us about the materials themselves.

učeći nas o samim materijalima.

So amongst Hannah's many impressive experiments,

Hana ima mnogo zadivljujućih eksperimenata,

this is one of my favorites.

a ovo je moj omiljeni.

["Paper speakers"]

["Papirni zvučnici"]

What we're seeing here is just a piece of paper

Ono što ovde vidimo je samo papir

with some copper tape on it connected to an mp3 player

sa bakarnom trakom na sebi, povezan na mp3 plejer

and a magnet.

i magnet.

(Music: "Happy Together")

(Muzika: "Srećni zajedno")

So based on the research by Marcelo Coelho from MIT,

Tako je, uzimajući za osnovu istraživanje Marčela Koelja sa MIT-a,

Hannah created a series of paper speakers

Hana napravila seriju papirnih zvučnika

out of a wide range of materials

od različitog materijala,

from simple copper tape to conductive fabric and ink.

od jednostavne bakarne trake do provodljive tkanine i mastila.

Just like Jordan and so many other makers,

Kao što je to uradio Džordan i mnogi drugi,

Hannah published her recipes

Hana je objavila svoje recepte

and allows anyone to copy and reproduce them.

i dozvoljava svakome da ih kopira i napravi.

But paper electronics is one of the most promising branches

Ali ova papirna elektronika je jedna od obećavajućih grana

of material science

nauke o materijalima

in that it allows us to create cheaper and flexible electronics.

koja nam omogućava da napravimo jeftiniju i fleksibilnu elektroniku.

So Hannah's artisanal work,

Tako Hanin zanatski rad

and the fact that she shared her findings,

i činjenica da je podelila svoja otkrića,

opens the doors to a series of new possibilities

otvaraju vrata nizu novih mogućnosti

that are both aesthetically appealing and innovative.

koje su istovremeno estetski lepe i inovativne.

So the interesting thing about makers

Ono što je interesantno kod stvaralaca

is that we create out of passion and curiosity,

jeste da mi stvaramo na osnovu strasti i radoznalosti,

and we are not afraid to fail.

i ne plašimo se da pretrpimo neuspeh.

We often tackle problems from unconventional angles,

Često problemima prilazimo sa neuobičajenih strana,

and, in the process, end up discovering alternatives

i prilikom toga otkrivamo alternativna rešenja

or even better ways to do things.

ili čak bolji način kako da nešto uradimo.

So the more people experiment with materials,

Što više ljudi eksperimentiše materijalima,

the more researchers are willing to share their research,

što više istraživača bude podelilo svoja izučavanja,

and manufacturers their knowledge,

a prozivođači svoje znanje,

the better chances we have to create technologies

veće su šanse da osmislimo tehnologije

that truly serve us all.

koje će zaista biti dobre za sve nas.

So I feel a bit as Ted Nelson must have

Osećam se pomalo kao Ted Nelson

when, in the early 1970s, he wrote,

kada je u ranim '70-im napisao:

"You must understand computers now."

"Danas je neophodno razumeti kompjutere."

Back then, computers were these large mainframes

Tada su kompjuteri bili velike mašine

only scientists cared about,

koje su samo naučnicima bile važne,

and no one dreamed of even having one at home.

i niko nije sanjao o tome da će ih ikada imati kod kuće.

So it's a little strange that I'm standing here and saying,

Tako je malo čudno da ja sada ovde stojim i kažem:

"You must understand smart materials now."

"Danas je neophodno razumeti pametne materijale."

Just keep in mind that acquiring preemptive knowledge

Samo imajte na umu da je sticanje preliminarnog znanja

about emerging technologies

o tehnologijama koje tek nastaju

is the best way to ensure that we have a say

najbolji način da i sami učestvujemo

in the making of our future.

u stvaranju budućnosti.

Thank you.

Hvala.

(Aplauz)

(Applause)