Catarina Mota: Play with smart materials

82,306 views ใƒป 2013-03-15

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
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ืžืชืจื’ื: Shlomo Adam ืžื‘ืงืจ: Sigal Tifferet
00:15
I have a friend in Portugal
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื™ื“ื™ื“ ื‘ืคื•ืจื˜ื•ื’ืœ
00:18
whose grandfather built a vehicle out of a bicycle
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ืฉืกื‘ื• ื‘ื ื” ื›ืœื™-ืจื›ื‘ ืžืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื
00:20
and a washing machine so he could transport his family.
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ื•ืžืžื›ื•ื ืช-ื›ื‘ื™ืกื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืกื™ืข ืืช ืžืฉืคื—ืชื•.
00:23
He did it because he couldn't afford a car,
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ื”ื•ื ืขืฉื” ื–ืืช ื›ื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื›ืกืฃ ืœืงื ื•ืช ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช,
00:26
but also because he knew how to build one.
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ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื™ื“ืข ืื™ืš ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื–ื”.
00:29
There was a time when we understood how things worked
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ื”ื™ื• ื–ืžื ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื™ื“ืขื ื• ืื™ืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืคื•ืขืœื™ื
00:32
and how they were made, so we could build and repair them,
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ื•ืื™ืš ื‘ื ื• ืื•ืชื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื•ืœืชืงืŸ ืื•ืชื,
00:36
or at the very least
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ืื• ืœื›ืœ ื”ืคื—ื•ืช
00:37
make informed decisions about what to buy.
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ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืžื•ืฉื›ืœื•ืช ื‘ืฉืืœื” ืžื” ืœืงื ื•ืช.
00:40
Many of these do-it-yourself practices
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ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืžื ื”ื’ื™ ืขืฉื”-ื–ืืช-ื‘ืขืฆืžืš ืืœื”
00:43
were lost in the second half of the 20th century.
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ืื‘ื“ื• ื‘ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”-20.
00:46
But now, the maker community and the open-source model
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ืืš ื›ืขืช, ืงื”ื™ืœืช ื”"ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื" ื•ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืคืชื•ื—
00:50
are bringing this kind of knowledge about how things work
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ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ื™ื“ืข ื›ื–ื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืื•ืคืŸ ืคืขื•ืœืชื ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื
00:53
and what they're made of back into our lives,
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ื•ืžืžื” ื”ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ื•,
00:56
and I believe we need to take them to the next level,
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ื•ืœื“ืขืชื™ ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืงื—ืช ื–ืืช ืœืจืžื” ื”ื‘ืื”,
00:59
to the components things are made of.
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ืืœ ื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉืžื”ื ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื.
01:02
For the most part, we still know
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ืขืœ ืคื™ ืจื•ื‘ ืื ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื
01:04
what traditional materials like paper and textiles are made of
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ืžืžื” ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื ื™ื™ืจ ื•ื˜ืงืกื˜ื™ืœ
01:08
and how they are produced.
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ื•ืื™ืš ื”ื ืžื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื.
01:10
But now we have these amazing, futuristic composites --
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ืืš ื›ืขืช ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืชืจื›ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื•ืช, ืขืชื™ื“ื ื™ื•ืช--
01:14
plastics that change shape,
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ืกื•ื’ื™ ืคืœืกื˜ื™ืง ืžืฉื ื™-ืฆื•ืจื”,
01:16
paints that conduct electricity,
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ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ืžื•ืœื™ื›ื™ ื—ืฉืžืœ,
01:18
pigments that change color, fabrics that light up.
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ืฆื‘ืขื ื™ื ืฉืžื—ืœื™ืคื™ื ืฆื‘ืข, ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžืื™ืจื™ื.
01:23
Let me show you some examples.
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ื”ื‘ื” ื•ืืจืื” ืœื›ื ื›ืžื” ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช.
01:29
So conductive ink allows us to paint circuits
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ื“ื™ื• ืžื•ืœื™ื›ืช ื—ืฉืžืœ ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื ื• ืœืฆื‘ื•ืข ืžืขื’ืœื™ื ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื™ื
01:33
instead of using the traditional
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ
01:35
printed circuit boards or wires.
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ื‘ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืคืกื™ื ืื• ื‘ื—ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ื”ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ื™ื.
01:37
In the case of this little example I'm holding,
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ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉืื ื™ ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™,
01:40
we used it to create a touch sensor that reacts to my skin
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ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื ื• ื‘ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ืฉื™ื™ืŸ ืžื’ืข ืฉืžื’ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืจ ืฉืœื™
01:43
by turning on this little light.
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ื•ืžื“ืœื™ืง ืืช ื”ื ื•ืจื” ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ื”ื–ื•.
01:46
Conductive ink has been used by artists,
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ื“ื™ื• ืžื•ืœื™ื›ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืข"ื™ ืืžื ื™ื,
01:49
but recent developments indicate that we will soon be able
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืคื™ ืคื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื ื•ื›ืœ ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘
01:53
to use it in laser printers and pens.
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ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื” ื‘ืžื“ืคืกื•ืช ืœื™ื™ื–ืจ ื•ื‘ืขื˜ื™ื.
01:57
And this is a sheet of acrylic infused
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ื–ื” ื’ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืืงืจื™ืœื™ ืฉื™ืฆืงื• ื‘ื•
01:59
with colorless light-diffusing particles.
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ื—ืœืงื™ืงื™ื ืžืคื–ืจื™ ืื•ืจ ื—ืกืจื™-ืฆื‘ืข.
02:02
What this means is that, while regular acrylic
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ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื, ืฉื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืืงืจื™ืœื™ืง ืจื’ื™ืœ
02:05
only diffuses light around the edges,
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ืžืคื–ืจ ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ ืจืง ื‘ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื,
02:07
this one illuminates across the entire surface
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ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ื–ื” ืžืื™ืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฉื˜ื—
02:10
when I turn on the lights around it.
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ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืžื“ืœื™ืงื” ืืช ื”ืื•ืจื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•.
02:13
Two of the known applications for this material
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ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืžื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ื–ื”
02:16
include interior design and multi-touch systems.
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ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืคื ื™ื ื•ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™-ืžื’ืข.
02:21
And thermochromic pigments
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ืฆื‘ืขื ื™ื ืชืจืžื•-ื›ืจื•ืžื™ื™ื
02:23
change color at a given temperature.
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ื’ื ืžื—ืœื™ืคื™ื ืฆื‘ืข ื‘ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ื ืชื•ื ื”.
02:25
So I'm going to place this on a hot plate
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ืื ื™ื— ืืช ื–ื” ืขืœ ืคืœื˜ื” ื—ืžื”
02:28
that is set to a temperature only slightly higher than ambient
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ื”ืžื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืœื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ืจืง ื‘ืžืขื˜ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืžื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”
02:32
and you can see what happens.
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ื•ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืžื” ืงื•ืจื”.
02:38
So one of the principle applications for this material
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ืื—ื“ ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจ ื–ื”
02:40
is, amongst other things, in baby bottles,
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ื”ื•ื, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ, ื‘ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืงื™ ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช,
02:44
so it indicates when the contents are cool enough to drink.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืจืื” ืžืชื™ ื”ืชื›ื•ืœื” ืงืจื” ืžืกืคื™ืง ืœืฉืชื™ื”.
02:49
So these are just a few of what are commonly known
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ืืœื” ื”ื ืจืง ืžืขื˜ ืžืžื” ืฉืžื•ื›ืจ ืœื ื•
02:52
as smart materials.
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ื›ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื—ื›ืžื™ื.
02:54
In a few years, they will be in many of the objects
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ืชื•ืš ืฉื ื™ื ืกืคื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื™ื™ืžืฆืื• ื‘ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื—ืคืฆื™ื
02:57
and technologies we use on a daily basis.
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ื•ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื ืื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืžื™ื“ื™ ื™ื•ื.
03:00
We may not yet have the flying cars science fiction promised us,
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ืื•ืœื™ ืขื•ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื•ืคืคื•ืช ืฉื”ืžื“ืข ื”ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืœื ื•,
03:04
but we can have walls that change color
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ืื‘ืœ ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืงื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืžื—ืœื™ืคื™ื ืฆื‘ืข
03:06
depending on temperature,
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ืœืคื™ ื”ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื”,
03:08
keyboards that roll up,
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ืžืงืœื“ื•ืช ืžืชืงืคืœื•ืช,
03:10
and windows that become opaque at the flick of a switch.
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ื•ื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืื˜ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ื”ืจืžืช ืžืชื’.
03:15
So I'm a social scientist by training,
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ื‘ื”ื›ืฉืจืชื™ ืื ื™ ืžืžื“ืขื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”,
03:17
so why am I here today talking about smart materials?
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ืื– ืžื“ื•ืข ืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจืช ื›ืืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื ืขืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื—ื›ืžื™ื?
03:21
Well first of all, because I am a maker.
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ืจืืฉื™ืช ื›ืœ, ื›ื™ ืื ื™ "ื™ื•ืฆืจืช".
03:24
I'm curious about how things work
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ืžืกืงืจืŸ ืื•ืชื™ ืื™ืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืคื•ืขืœื™ื
03:26
and how they are made,
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ื•ืื™ืš ื”ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื,
03:28
but also because I believe we should have a deeper understanding
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ืืš ื’ื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื• ื”ื‘ื ื” ืžืขืžื™ืงื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
03:31
of the components that make up our world,
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ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœืžื ื•,
03:34
and right now, we don't know enough about
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ื•ืœืคื™ ืฉืขื” ืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžืกืคื™ืง
03:36
these high-tech composites our future will be made of.
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ืขืœ ื”ืชืจื›ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืขืชื™ืจื•ืช-ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ืืœื” ืฉืžื”ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืขืชื™ื“ื ื•.
03:40
Smart materials are hard to obtain in small quantities.
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ืงืฉื” ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช.
03:43
There's barely any information available on how to use them,
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ืื™ืŸ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืžื™ื“ืข ืื™ืš ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื,
03:48
and very little is said about how they are produced.
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ื•ืžืขื˜ ืžืื“ ื ืืžืจ ืื•ื“ื•ืช ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจื.
03:51
So for now, they exist mostly in this realm
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ืื– ืœืคื™ ืฉืขื” ื”ื ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”
03:54
of trade secrets and patents
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ืฉืœ ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืžืกื—ืจื™ื™ื ื•ืคื˜ื ื˜ื™ื
03:57
only universities and corporations have access to.
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ืฉืจืง ืœืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืื•ืช ื•ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื ื™ืฉ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืืœื™ื”ื.
04:01
So a little over three years ago, Kirsty Boyle and I
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ืื– ืœืคื ื™ ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-3 ืฉื ื™ื, ืงื™ืจืกื˜ื™ ื‘ื•ื™ืœ ื•ืื ื™
04:04
started a project we called Open Materials.
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ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืžื™ื–ื ื‘ืฉื "ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื" (Open Materials)
04:07
It's a website where we,
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ื–ื”ื• ืืชืจ ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื•,
04:09
and anyone else who wants to join us,
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ื•ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืืœื™ื ื•,
04:11
share experiments, publish information,
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ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื, ืžืคืจืกืžื™ื ืžื™ื“ืข,
04:14
encourage others to contribute whenever they can,
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ืžืขื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืœืชืจื•ื ื›ืœ ืื™ืžืช ืฉื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื,
04:18
and aggregate resources such as research papers
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ื•ืฆื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืžืืžืจื™ ืžื—ืงืจ
04:22
and tutorials by other makers like ourselves.
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ื•ืžื“ืจื™ื›ื™ื ืžืืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ื›ืžื•ื ื•.
04:25
We would like it to become a large,
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ืื ื• ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ื™ืชืคืชื—
04:28
collectively generated database
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ืœื‘ืกื™ืก ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืžื•ื–ืŸ ืงื•ืœืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช
04:30
of do-it-yourself information on smart materials.
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ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืœ ืขืฉื”-ื–ืืช-ื‘ืขืฆืžืš ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื—ื›ืžื™ื.
04:34
But why should we care
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื“ื•ืข ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืื™ื›ืคืช ืœื ื•
04:37
how smart materials work and what they are made of?
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ืื™ืš ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื•ืžืžื” ื”ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื?
04:40
First of all, because we can't shape what we don't understand,
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ืจืืฉื™ืช ื›ืœ, ื›ื™ ืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฆื‘ ืืช ืžื” ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื,
04:45
and what we don't understand and use
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื•ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื•
04:47
ends up shaping us.
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ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ืขืฆื‘ ืื•ืชื ื•.
04:49
The objects we use, the clothes we wear,
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ื”ื—ืคืฆื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื, ื”ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ืฉืื ื• ืœื•ื‘ืฉื™ื,
04:52
the houses we live in, all have a profound impact
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ื”ื‘ืชื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืื ื• ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื, ืœื›ืœ ืืœื” ื™ืฉ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืขืžื•ืงื”
04:55
on our behavior, health and quality of life.
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ืขืœ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื ื•, ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื ื• ื•ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื•.
04:59
So if we are to live in a world made of smart materials,
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ืื– ืื ืื ื• ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื ื•ื™ ืžื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื—ื›ืžื™ื,
05:02
we should know and understand them.
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ื›ื“ืื™ ืฉื ื“ืข ื•ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื.
05:05
Secondly, and just as important,
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ืฉื ื™ืช, ื•ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืžื™ื“ื”,
05:08
innovation has always been fueled by tinkerers.
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ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžืœืื›ื” ื”ื™ื• ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื“ืœืง ืฉืœ ืžื ื•ืขื™ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช.
05:11
So many times, amateurs, not experts,
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ืคืขืžื™ื ื›ื” ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื, ื•ืœื ื”ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื,
05:15
have been the inventors and improvers
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ื”ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ื”ืžืžืฆื™ืื™ื ื•ื”ืžืฉืคืจื™ื
05:17
of things ranging from mountain bikes
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ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื”ื—ืœ ืžืื•ืคื ื™ ื”ืจื™ื
05:19
to semiconductors, personal computers,
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืžื•ืœื™ื›ื™ื-ืœืžื—ืฆื” ื•ืขื“ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื
05:23
airplanes.
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ื•ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื.
05:26
The biggest challenge is that material science is complex
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ื”ืืชื’ืจ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉืžื“ืข ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ื™ื ื• ืžื•ืจื›ื‘
05:30
and requires expensive equipment.
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ื•ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืฆื™ื•ื“ ื™ืงืจ.
05:32
But that's not always the case.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืชืžื™ื“.
05:34
Two scientists at University of Illinois understood this
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ืฉื ื™ ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ืžืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืื™ืœื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ื–ืืช,
05:38
when they published a paper on a simpler method
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ื›ืฉืคื™ืจืกืžื• ืžืืžืจ ืฉืขืกืง ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
05:41
for making conductive ink.
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ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื“ื™ื• ืžื•ืœื™ื›ืช ื—ืฉืžืœ.
05:43
Jordan Bunker, who had had
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ื’'ื•ืจื“ืŸ ื‘ื ืงืจ, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืขื“ ืื–
05:45
no experience with chemistry until then,
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ื—ืกืจ ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ื™ืžื™ื”,
05:48
read this paper and reproduced the experiment
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ืงืจื ืืช ื”ืžืืžืจ ื•ืฉื™ื—ื–ืจ ืืช ื”ื ื™ืกื•ื™
05:51
at his maker space using only off-the-shelf substances
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ื‘ืกื“ื ืช ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœื•, ืชื•ืš ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืงืœื™ื ืœืจื›ื™ืฉื”
05:55
and tools.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื.
05:57
He used a toaster oven,
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืชื ื•ืจ ืงืœื™ื™ื” ื—ืฉืžืœื™ ืงื˜ืŸ,
05:58
and he even made his own vortex mixer,
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ื•ืืฃ ื‘ื ื” ืžืขืจื‘ืœ ืžืฉืœื•,
06:01
based on a tutorial by another scientist/maker.
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ืœืคื™ ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืžืืช ืžื“ืขืŸ/ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืื—ืจ.
06:05
Jordan then published his results online,
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ื’'ื•ืจื“ืŸ ืคื™ืจืกื ื‘ืจืฉืช ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช,
06:08
including all the things he had tried and didn't work,
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ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื ื™ืกื” ื•ืฉืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—,
06:11
so others could study and reproduce it.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืื—ืจื™ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื—ื›ื™ื ื•ืœืฉื—ื–ืจ ื–ืืช.
06:15
So Jordan's main form of innovation
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ืื– ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืฉืœ ื’'ื•ืจื“ืŸ
06:17
was to take an experiment created in a well-equipped lab
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ื”ื™ื” ืœืงื—ืช ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ืฉื‘ื•ืฆืข ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ื” ืžืฆื•ื™ื“ืช ื”ื™ื˜ื‘
06:21
at the university
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ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื”,
06:23
and recreate it in a garage in Chicago
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ื•ืœืฉื—ื–ืจ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืžื—ืกืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ืงื’ื•
06:26
using only cheap materials and tools he made himself.
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ืืš ื•ืจืง ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื–ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื›ืœื™ื ืฉื‘ื ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื•.
06:30
And now that he published this work,
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ื•ื›ืขืช, ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืคื™ืจืกื ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื•,
06:32
others can pick up where he left
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ืื—ืจื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืื•ืชื”
06:34
and devise even simpler processes and improvements.
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ื•ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื•ืฉื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื.
06:39
Another example I'd like to mention
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ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ
06:41
is Hannah Perner-Wilson's Kit-of-No-Parts.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืขืจื›ื”-ืœืœื-ื—ืœืงื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื ื” ืคืจื ืจ-ื•ื™ืœืกื•ืŸ.
06:44
Her project's goal is to highlight
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ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ืžื™ื–ื ืฉืœื” ื”ื™ื ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ
06:47
the expressive qualities of materials
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ืืช ืื™ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื
06:50
while focusing on the creativity and skills of the builder.
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ืชื•ืš ื”ืชืžืงื“ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจ.
06:55
Electronics kits are very powerful
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ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ืงื” ื”ืŸ ืจื‘ื•ืช ืขื•ืฆืžื”
06:57
in that they teach us how things work,
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ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ืŸ ืžืœืžื“ื•ืช ืื•ืชื ื• ืื™ืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืคื•ืขืœื™ื,
07:00
but the constraints inherent in their design
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ืŸ
07:03
influence the way we learn.
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ืžืฉืคื™ืขื•ืช ืขืœ ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืœื ื•.
07:05
So Hannah's approach, on the other hand,
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ื’ื™ืฉืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื ื”, ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช,
07:07
is to formulate a series of techniques
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ื”ื™ื ืœื ืกื— ืกื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช
07:11
for creating unusual objects
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ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืขืฆืžื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืื™-ื“ื•ืคืŸ
07:13
that free us from pre-designed constraints
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ืฉืชื—ืจืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ืžื•ื›ืŸ
07:16
by teaching us about the materials themselves.
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ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืœืžื“ืช ืื•ืชื ื• ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืขืฆืžื.
07:20
So amongst Hannah's many impressive experiments,
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ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื” ื”ืžืจืฉื™ืžื™ื ื•ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื ื”
07:22
this is one of my favorites.
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ื–ื”ื• ืื—ื“ ื”ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™.
07:24
["Paper speakers"]
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["ืจืžืงื•ืœื™ื ืžื ื™ื™ืจ"]
07:28
What we're seeing here is just a piece of paper
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ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ืืŸ ื”ื•ื ืกืชื ืคื™ืกืช ื ื™ื™ืจ
07:31
with some copper tape on it connected to an mp3 player
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ื•ืขืœื™ื” ืคื™ืกืช ืกืจื˜ ื ื—ื•ืฉืช ืฉืžื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ืœื ื’ืŸ ืื-ืคื™ 3
07:35
and a magnet.
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ื•ืœืžื’ื ื˜.
07:37
(Music: "Happy Together")
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[ืžื•ืกื™ืงื”: "ืžืื•ืฉืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ื“"]
07:48
So based on the research by Marcelo Coelho from MIT,
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ืขืœ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืœ ืžืจืฆืœื• ืงื•ืืœื™ื• ืžื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืกืฆ'ื•ืกื˜ืก,
07:52
Hannah created a series of paper speakers
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ื”ืื ื” ื™ืฆืจื” ืกื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ืจืžืงื•ืœื™ ื ื™ื™ืจ
07:54
out of a wide range of materials
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ืžืงืฉืช ืจื—ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื
07:57
from simple copper tape to conductive fabric and ink.
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ื”ื—ืœ ืžืกืจื˜ ื ื—ื•ืฉืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื•ืขื“ ืืจื™ื’ ื•ื“ื™ื• ืžื•ืœื™ื›ื™ ื—ืฉืžืœ.
08:01
Just like Jordan and so many other makers,
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ื’'ื•ืจื“ืŸ ื•ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื›ื” ืจื‘ื™ื,
08:04
Hannah published her recipes
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ื”ืื ื” ืคืจืกืžื” ืืช ืžืชื›ื•ื ื™ื”
08:05
and allows anyone to copy and reproduce them.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืœื”ืขืชื™ืง ื•ืœืฉื—ื–ืจ ืื•ืชื.
08:10
But paper electronics is one of the most promising branches
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ืืœื˜ืจื•ื ื™ืงื” ืžื ื™ื™ืจ ื”ื ืื—ื“ ื”ืขื ืคื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื™ื
08:14
of material science
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ืฉืœ ืžื“ืข ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื
08:15
in that it allows us to create cheaper and flexible electronics.
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ื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื–ื” ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ืงื” ื–ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื’ืžื™ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
08:20
So Hannah's artisanal work,
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ืื– ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ื”ืžื™ื•ืžื ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื ื”,
08:22
and the fact that she shared her findings,
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ื•ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืฉืชืคืช ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืžืฆืื™ื”,
08:25
opens the doors to a series of new possibilities
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ืคื•ืชื—ื™ื ื“ืœืช ืœืกื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช
08:28
that are both aesthetically appealing and innovative.
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ืฉื”ืŸ ื’ื ื™ืคื•ืช ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืืกืชื˜ื™ืช ื•ื’ื ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ื•ืช.
08:34
So the interesting thing about makers
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ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื
08:37
is that we create out of passion and curiosity,
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืื ื• ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ืœื”ื˜ ื•ืกืงืจื ื•ืช,
08:40
and we are not afraid to fail.
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ืื™ื ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ื ืœื”ื™ื›ืฉืœ.
08:42
We often tackle problems from unconventional angles,
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ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืื ื• ื ื™ื’ืฉื™ื ืœื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืžื–ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื•ืช,
08:46
and, in the process, end up discovering alternatives
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ื•ืื’ื‘ ื›ืš ืžื’ืœื™ื ื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช
08:49
or even better ways to do things.
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
08:51
So the more people experiment with materials,
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ืื– ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืขืจื›ื• ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ืขื ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื,
08:55
the more researchers are willing to share their research,
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ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœืฉืชืฃ ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืœื”ื,
08:58
and manufacturers their knowledge,
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ื•ื™ืฆืจื ื™ื - ื‘ื™ื“ืข ืฉืœื”ื,
09:01
the better chances we have to create technologies
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ื›ืš ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ื ื• ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช
09:04
that truly serve us all.
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ืฉื‘ืืžืช ืžืฉืจืชื•ืช ืืช ื›ื•ืœื ื•.
09:07
So I feel a bit as Ted Nelson must have
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ืื ื™ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื” ืงืฆืช ื›ืคื™ ืฉื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื˜ื“ ื ืœืกื•ืŸ
09:09
when, in the early 1970s, he wrote,
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ื›ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-70,
09:13
"You must understand computers now."
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"ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื."
09:16
Back then, computers were these large mainframes
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ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื”ื, ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืขื ืง ืฉืœ ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืžืจื›ื–ื™
09:20
only scientists cared about,
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ืฉืจืง ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื˜ื™ืคืœื• ื‘ื”ื,
09:22
and no one dreamed of even having one at home.
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ื•ืื™ืฉ ืœื ื—ืœื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื›ื–ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช.
09:24
So it's a little strange that I'm standing here and saying,
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ื›ืš ืฉื–ื” ืžืขื˜ ืžื•ื–ืจ ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื›ืืŸ ื•ืื•ืžืจืช,
09:27
"You must understand smart materials now."
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"ื”ื™ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื—ื›ืžื™ื."
09:30
Just keep in mind that acquiring preemptive knowledge
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื–ื™ื›ืจื• ืฉืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื™ื“ืข ืžื•ืงื“ื
09:34
about emerging technologies
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ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฆืขื™ืจื•ืช
09:36
is the best way to ensure that we have a say
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืžื™ืœื”
09:39
in the making of our future.
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ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืขืชื™ื“ื ื•.
09:41
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
09:44
(Applause)
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[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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