Hidden Cameras Film Injustice in Dangerous Places | Oren Yakobovich | TED Talks

Prevodilac: Kristina Janković Lektor: Ivana Korom

I would like to start

Voleo bih da počnem

with the story of Mary,

pričom o Meri,

a woman from an African village.

ženi iz jednog afričkog sela.

Her first memories

Prvo čega se seća

are of her family fleeing violent riots

je kako njena porodica beži od nemira

orchestrated by the ruling political party.

koje je organizovala vladajuća stranka.

Her brother was murdered by the state-sponsored militia,

Njenog brata je ubila policija koju plaća država,

and she was raped more than once

a nju su više puta silovali

just because she belonged to the wrong party.

samo zato što je deo pogrešne stranke.

One morning, a month before the election,

Jednog jutra, mesec dana pred izbore,

Mary's village was called to another intimidation meeting.

Merino selo pozvano je na još jedan sastanak zastrašivanja.

In this meeting, there is a man standing in front of them,

Na ovom sastanku ispred njih stoji čovek

telling them, "We know who you are,

koji im govori: "Znamo ko ste,

we know who you will vote for,

znamo za koga ćete glasati

and if you're not going to drop the right paper,

i ako ne ubacite pravi listić,

we're going to take revenge."

osvetićemo se."

But for Mary, this meeting is different.

Ali za Meri, ovaj sastanak je drugačiji.

She feels different.

Oseća se drugačije.

This time, she's waiting for this meeting,

Ovog puta, ona iščekuje sastanak,

because this time, she's carrying a small hidden camera in her dress,

jer ovog puta, u svojoj haljini nosi malu skrivenu kameru,

a camera that nobody else can see.

kameru koju niko drugi ne vidi.

Nobody is allowed to film in these meetings.

Nikome nije dozvoljeno da snima ove sastanke.

You risk your life if you do.

Ako to uradite, rizikujete život.

Mary knows that, but she also knows that the only way to stop them

Meri to zna, ali isto tako zna da je jedini način

da ih zaustavi i zaštiti sebe i svoju zajednicu,

and to protect herself and her community

is to expose their intimidation,

da razotkrije njihovo zastrašivanje,

to make sure they understand somebody is following them,

da se uveri da razumeju da ih neko nadgleda,

to break the impunity they feel.

da im razbije iluziju sigurnosti.

Mary and her friends were filming for months, undercover,

Meri i njeni prijatelji su u tajnosti mesecima snimali

the intimidation of the ruling political party.

zastrašivanja vladajuće političke stranke.

(Video) ["Filmed with hidden cameras"]

(Video) [Snimljen skrivenom kamerom]

Man: We are now going to speak about the upcoming elections.

Muškarac: Sada ćemo da govorimo o predstojećim izborima.

Nothing can stop us from doing what we want.

Ništa nas ne može zaustaviti.

If we hear you are with [The Opposition]

Ako čujemo da ste sa opozicijom,

we will not forgive you.

nećemo vam oprostiti.

["Militia intimidation rally"]

["Policijski miting zastrašivanja"]

[The Party] can torture you at any time.

Stranka može bilo kad da vas muči.

The youth can beat you.

Podmladak može da vas tuče.

["Disruption of political meeting"]

["Neredi na političkom sastanku"]

For those who lie, saying they are back with [The Party],

Vi koji lažete kada govorite da ste ponovo uz stranku,

your time is running out.

vreme vam ističe.

["Party youth militia"]

[Policija partijskog podmlatka]

Some have died because they rebelled.

Neki su izgubili život jer su se pobunili.

Some have lost their homes.

Neki su izgubili dom.

If you don't work together with [The Party],

Ako niste uz stranku,

you will lead a very bad life.

živećete veoma loše.

Oren Yakobovich: These images were broadcast all over the world,

Oren Jakobović: Ove slike su prikazivane širom sveta,

but more importantly,

ali što je još važnije,

they have been broadcast back to the community.

ponovo su prikazivane u zajednici.

The perpetrators saw them too.

I počinioci su ih videli.

They understood somebody is following them.

Shvatili su da ih neko prati.

They got scared. Impunity was broken.

Uplašili su se. Iluzija sigurnosti je razbijena.

Mary and her friends forced the ruling political party

Meri i njeni prijatelji naterali su vladajuću političku stranku

not to use violence during the election,

da ne koristi nasilje tokom izbora

and saved hundreds of lives.

i spasili stotine života.

Mary is just one of hundreds of people

Meri je samo jedna od stotina ljudi

that my organization had helped to document human rights violations

kojima je moja organizacija pomogla da zabeleže kršenje ljudskih prava

using cameras.

koristeći kamere.

My background should have led me to a different direction.

Moje poreklo je trebalo da me odvede na drugu stranu.

I was born in Israel to a right-wing family,

Rođen sam u Izraelu, u desničarskoj porodici,

and as long as I remember myself,

i još od kad me pamćenje služi,

I wanted to join the Israeli army to serve my country

želeo sam da u izraelskoj vojsci služim svojoj zemlji

and prove what I believed was our right for the whole land.

i dokažem ono što sam ja smatrao našim pravom na čitavu zemlju.

I joined the Israeli army just after the first intifada,

Pridružio sam se izraelskoj vojsci odmah nakon prve pobune,

the first Palestinian uprising,

prvog palestinskog ustanka,

and I served in one of the hard-minded,

i služio sam u jednoj od najodlučnijih,

toughest, aggressive infantry units,

najjačih, najagresivnijih jedinica pešadije

and I got the biggest gun in my platoon.

i imao sam najveću pušku u vodu.

Quite fast, I became an officer

Veoma brzo, postao sam oficir

and got soldiers under my command,

i dobio da upravljam vojnicima,

and as time passed, I started serving in the West Bank,

i s vremenom, počeo sam da služim na Zapadnoj obali,

and I saw these images.

i viđao sam ovakve slike.

I didn't like what I saw.

Nije mi se svidelo to što sam video.

It took me a while,

Trebalo mi je malo vremena,

but eventually I refused to serve in the West Bank

ali na kraju sam odbio da služim na Zapadnoj obali

and had to spend time in jail.

i morao sam da provedem neko vreme u zatvoru.

It was a bit —

Bilo je malo -

(Applause) —

(Aplauz) -

It was not that bad, I have to say.

Nije bilo toliko loše, moram da kažem.

It was a bit like being in a hotel, but with very shitty food.

Kao da si u hotelu gde je hrana sranje.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

In jail, I kept thinking that I need people to know.

U zatvoru, stalno sam mislio da ljudi moraju da saznaju.

I need people to understand

Moraju da shvate

what the reality in the West Bank looks like.

kako izgleda stvarnost na Zapadnoj obali.

I need them to hear what I heard,

Želim da čuju ono što sam ja čuo.

I need them to see what I saw,

Želim da vide ono što sam ja video,

but I also understood, we need the Palestinians themselves,

ali sam shvatio da i sami Palestinci,

the people that are suffering,

ljudi koji pate,

to be able to tell their own stories,

moraju da ispričaju svoje priče,

not journalists or filmmakers that are coming outside of the situation.

ne novinari ili filmadžije koji su izvan situacije.

I joined a human rights organization,

Pridružio sam se organizaciji za ljudska prava,

an Israeli human rights organization called B'Tselem.

izraelskoj organizaciji B'Tselem.

Together, we analyzed the West Bank

Zajedno smo analizirali Zapadnu obalu

and picked 100 families that are living in the most risky places:

i izabrali 100 porodica koje žive u najrizičnijim područjima:

close to checkpoints, near army bases,

kod graničnih prelaza, blizu vojnih baza,

side by side with settlers.

rame uz rame sa doseljenicima.

We gave them cameras and training.

Obezbedili smo im kamere i obuku.

Quite fast, we started getting very disturbing images

Veoma brzo smo počeli da dobijamo vrlo uznemirujuće snimke

about how the settlers and the soldiers are abusing them.

o tome kako ih doseljenici i vojnici zlostavljaju.

I would like to share with you two clips from this project.

Voleo bih da podelim sa vama dva isečka iz ovog projekta.

Both of them were broadcast in Israel, and it created a massive debate.

Oba su prikazana u Izraelu i pokrenula su ogromnu raspravu.

And I have to warn you,

I moram da vas upozorim,

some of you might find them quite explicit.

nekima od vas mogu biti uznemirujući.

The masked men you will see in the first clips

Maskirani ljudi koje ćete videti na prvom snimku

are Jewish settlers.

su jevrejski doseljenici.

Minutes before the camera was turned on,

Tik pre nego što se kamera uključila,

they approached a Palestinian family

prišli su palestinskoj porodici

that was working their land

koja je obrađivala svoju zemlju

and told them that they have to leave the land,

i rekli im da moraju da napuste zemlju,

because this land belongs to the Jewish settlers.

jer ona prirada jevrejskim doseljenicima.

The Palestinians refused.

Palestinci su odbili.

Let's see what happened.

Da vidimo šta se dogodilo.

The masked men that are approaching are Jewish settlers.

Maskirani ljudi koji prilaze su jevrejski doseljenici.

They are approaching the Palestinian family.

Prilaze palestinskoj porodici.

This is a demonstration in the West Bank.

Ovo su protesti na Zapadnoj obali.

The guy in green is Palestinian.

Momak u zelenom je Palestinac.

He will be arrested in a second.

Uhapsiće ga za trenutak.

Here you see him blindfolded and handcuffed.

Ovde ga vidite sa povezom na očima i lisicama na rukama.

In a few seconds, he regrets he came to this demonstration.

Za par sekundi će se pokajati što je došao na protest.

He's been shot in the foot with a rubber bullet.

Upucali su ga u stopalo gumenim metkom.

He is okay.

Dobro je.

Not all the settlers and the soldiers are acting this way.

Nisu svi doseljenici i vojnici ovakvi.

We're talking about a tiny minority, but they have to be brought to justice.

Pričamo o sićušnoj manjini, ali moraju biti privedeni pravdi.

These clips, and others like them,

Ovakvi i slični snimci

forced the army and the police to start investigations.

naterali su vojsku i policiju da započnu istrage.

They've been shown in Israel, of course,

Prikazani su u Izraelu, naravno,

and the Israeli public was exposed to them also.

i izraelska javnost ih je takođe videla.

This project redefined the struggle for human rights

Ovaj projekat je preoblikovao borbu za ljudska prava

in the occupied territories,

na okupiranim teritorijama

and we managed to reduce the number of violent attacks in the West Bank.

i uspeli smo da smanjimo broj nasilnih napada na Zapadnoj obali.

The success of this project got me thinking

Uspeh ovog projekta me je naterao da osmislim

how I can take the same methodology to other places in the world.

kako iste metode mogu da primenim drugde u svetu.

Now, we tend to believe that today,

Danas smo skloni da mislimo da,

with all of the technology,

uz svu tu tehnologiju,

the smartphones and the Internet,

pametne telefone i internet,

we are able to see and understand most of what's happening in the world,

možemo da vidimo i razumemo većinu stvari koje se dešavaju u svetu,

and people are able to tell their story —

i da ljudi mogu da ispričaju svoju priču -

but it's only partly true.

ali to je samo delimično tako.

Still today, with all the technology we have,

Dan danas, uz svu tehnologiju koju imamo,

less than half of the world's population

manje od pola stanovnika sveta

has access to the Internet,

ima pristup internetu,

and more than three billion people —

i više od tri milijarde ljudi -

I'm repeating the number —

ponoviću to -

three billion people are consuming news that is censored by those in power.

tri milijarde ljudi dobija vesti koje cenzurišu oni na vlasti.

More or less around the same time,

U manje - više isto vreme,

I'm approached by a great guy named Uri Fruchtmann.

prišao mi je super lik, Juri Fruhtman.

He's a filmmaker and an activist.

On snima filmove i aktivista je.

We understood we were thinking along the same lines,

Shvatili smo da smo na istoj talasnoj dužini

and we decided to establish Videre, our organization, together.

i odlučili smo da zajedno osnujemo Videru, našu organizaciju.

While building the organization in London,

Dok smo pravili organizaciju u Londonu,

we've been traveling undercover to places

u tajnosti smo putovali na mesta

where a community was suffering from abuses,

gde je zajednica zlostavljana,

where mass atrocities were happening,

gde se dešavaju masovna zverstva,

and there was a lack of reporting.

a gde je nedostajalo izveštavanje.

We tried to understand how we can help.

Pokušali smo da shvatimo kako pomoći.

There were four things that I learned.

Naučio sam četiri stvari.

The first thing is that we have to engage

Prvo - moramo se povezati

with communities that are living in rural areas,

sa zajednicama koje žive u ruralnim područjima,

where violations are happening far from the public eye.

gde se prekršaji dešavaju daleko od očiju javnosti.

We need to partner with them,

Moramo da se povežemo sa njima,

and we need to understand which images are not making it out there

i moramo da shvatimo koje to slike nisu na videlu

and help them to document them.

i pomognemo im da ih zabeleže.

The second thing I learned

Druga stvar koju sam naučio

is that we have to enable them to film in a safe way.

je da moramo da im omogućimo da snimaju bezbedno.

Security has to be the priority.

Sigurnost mora biti prioritet.

Where I used to work before, in the West Bank,

Na Zapadnoj obali, gde sam ranije radio,

one can take a camera out,

možeš da izvučeš kameru,

most likely not going to get shot,

najverovatnije te neće upucati,

but in places we wanted to work,

ali tamo gde smo hteli da radimo,

just try to pull a phone out, and you're dead — literally dead.

samo probaj da izvadiš telefon i mrtav si - bukvalno mrtav.

This is why we decided

Zato smo odlučili

to take the operation undercover

da operacija bude tajna

when necessary,

kada je neophodno,

and use mostly hidden cameras.

i da koristimo uglavnom skrivene kamere.

Unfortunately, I can't show you the hidden cameras we're using today —

Nažalost, ne mogu da vam pokažem skrivene kamere koje koristimo danas -

for obvious reasons —

iz očiglednih razloga -

but these are cameras we used before.

ali ovo su kamere koje smo pre koristili.

You can buy them off the shelf.

Možete ih kupiti bilo gde.

Today, we're building a custom-made hidden camera,

Danas pravimo skrivene kamere po meri,

like the one that Mary was wearing

poput one koju je nosila Meri

in her dress to film the intimidation meeting

u svojoj haljini da snimi sastanak zastrašivanja

of the ruling political party.

vladajuće političke stranke.

It's a camera that nobody can see,

To je kamera koju niko ne može da vidi,

that blends into the environment,

koja se stapa sa okruženjem,

into the surroundings.

sa okolinom.

Now, filming securities go beyond using hidden cameras.

E sad, sigurnost je više od skrivene kamere.

Being secure starts way before the activist is turning the camera on.

Bezbednost počinje mnogo pre nego što se uključi kamera.

To keep our partners safe,

Da bi naši saradnici bili bezbedni,

we work to understand the risk of every location

pokušavamo da razumemo rizik svake lokacije

and of every shot before it's happened,

i svakog kadra pre nego što se desi,

building a backup plan if something goes wrong,

praveći rezervni plan ako nešto pođe po zlu

and making sure we have everything in place

i brinući se da sve bude na svom mestu

before our operations start.

pre nego što operacije počnu.

The third thing I learned is the importance of verification.

Treća stvar koju sam naučio je važnost dokaza.

You can have an amazing shot of atrocity,

Možete imati sjajan snimak svireposti,

but if you can't verify it, it's worth nothing.

ali ako ne možete da ga dokažete, beskoristan je.

Nedavno, poput trenutnog rata u Siriji ili u Gazi,

Recently, like in the ongoing war in Syria or the war in Gaza,

we've seen images that are staged or brought from a different conflict.

videli smo stvari koje su iscenirane ili deo drugog sukoba.

This misinformation destroyed the credibility of the source,

Ta dezinformacija je uništila verodostojnost izvora,

and it's harmed the credibility of other reliable and trustworthy sources.

i narušila verodostojnost drugih pouzdanih izvora vrednih poverenja.

We use a variety of ways to make sure we can verify the information

Na razne načine se uveravamo da li možemo da potvrdimo informaciju

and we can trust the material.

i verujemo materijalu.

It starts with vetting the partners,

To počinje proverom saradnika,

understanding who they are, and working with them very intensively.

razumevanjem toga ko su i intenzivnim radom sa njima.

How do you film a location?

Kako snimite lokaciju?

You film road signs, you film watches,

Snimite putokaze, snimite satove,

you film newspapers.

snimite novine.

We are checking maps, looking at maps,

Proveravamo mape,

double-checking the information,

ponovo proveravamo informacije,

and looking also at the metadata of the material.

a proveravamo i zaleđe materijala.

Now, the fourth and the most important thing I learned

E sada, četvrta i najvažnija stvar koju sam naučio

is how you use images to create a positive change.

je to kako uz pomoć slika doneti pozitivnu promenu.

To have an effect,

Da bi se proizveo efekat,

the key thing is how you use the material.

ključna stvar je kako se materijal iskoristi.

Today, we're working with hundreds of activists

Danas, radimo sa stotinama aktivista

filming undercover.

koji snimaju u tajnosti.

We work with them both to understand the situation on the ground

Radimo da bismo razumeli situaciju na terenu

i koje slike nedostaju da je opišu,

and which images are missing to describe it,

who are the ones that are influencing the situation,

ko su oni koji utiču na situaciju,

and when to release the material to advance the struggle.

i kada da pustimo materijal da bi borba napredovala.

Sometimes, it's about putting it in the media,

Ponekad je ključ objaviti ga u medijima,

mostly local ones, to create awareness.

uglavnom lokalnim, da bi se stvorila svest.

Sometimes it's working with decision makers,

Ponekad je to rad sa uticajnim ljudima,

to change laws.

da bi se promenili zakoni.

Sometimes, it's working with lawyers to use as evidence in court.

Ponekad je to rad sa advokatima gde je materijal dokaz na sudu.

But more than often,

Ali mahom

the most effective way to create a social change

najefektivniji način da se stvori društvena promena

je rad unutar zajednice.

is to work within the community.

I want to give you one example.

Daću vam jedan primer.

Fatuma is part of a network of women that are fighting abuses in Kenya.

Fatuma je deo mreže žena koje se u Keniji bore protiv zlostavljanja.

Women in her community have been harassed constantly

Žene u njenoj zajednici neprestano uznemiravaju

on their way to school and on their way to work.

na putu do škole i na putu do posla.

One pokušavaju da iznutra promene ponašanje zajednice.

They are trying to change the behavior of the community from inside.

In the next clip,

U narednom isečku,

Fatuma is taking us with her on her journey to work.

Fatuma nas vodi sa sobom na put do posla.

Her voice is superimposed on images that she filmed herself

Njen glas je na slikama koje je sama snimila

using hidden cameras.

koristeći skrivenu kameru.

(Video) Fatuma Chiusiku: My name is Fatuma Chiusiku.

(Video) Fatuma Čiusiku: Zovem se Fatuma Čiusiku.

I'm 32 years old, a mother,

Imam 32 godine, majka sam,

And Ziwa La Ng'Ombe is my home.

i Ziva La Ng'Ombe je moj dom.

Each morning, I ride the mini-bus

Svakog jutra, vozim se mini-busom

Number 11.

broj 11.

But instead of a peaceful journey to work,

Ali umesto mirnog puta do posla,

svaki dan počinje u strahu.

each day begins with fear.

Come with me now

Pođite sa mnom

and use my eyes

i kroz moje oči

to feel what I feel.

osetite šta ja osećam.

As I walk, I think to myself:

Dok hodam, mislim u sebi:

Will I be touched?

"Hoće li me dirati?

Grabbed?

Pipkati?

Violated by this conductor again?

Ponovo zlostavljati ovaj kondukter?"

Even the men inside

Čak i muškarci unutra,

the way they look at me

način na koji me gledaju,

touch my body, rub against me,

dodiruju me, trljaju se o mene,

grab me,

hvataju me,

and now, as I sit in my seat

i sada, dok sedim na svom mestu

I only wish my mind was full of thoughts for my day,

jedino želim da mislim o svom danu,

my dreams, my children at school,

svojim snovima, mojoj deci u školi,

but instead I worry about the moment when we will arrive

ali umesto toga ja brinem o trenutku kada ćemo stići

and I will be violated again.

i kada će me ponovo zlostavljati.

OY: Today, there is a new front in the fight for human rights.

OJ: Danas, postoji novi front u borbi za ljudska prava.

I used to carry a big gun.

Nekada sam nosio veliku pušku.

Now, I am carrying this.

Sada, nosim ovo.

This is a much more powerful and much, much more effective weapon.

Ovo je mnogo moćnije i daleko efektivnije oružje.

But we have to use its power wisely.

Ali njegovu moć moramo mudro da koristimo.

By putting the right images in the right hands at the right time,

Tako što ćemo prave slike stavljati u prave ruke u pravo vreme,

we can truly create an impact.

zaista možemo ostaviti utisak.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Aplauz)

(Applause)