Hidden Cameras Film Injustice in Dangerous Places | Oren Yakobovich | TED Talks

譯者: Sherry Chen 審譯者: 文进 肖

I would like to start

讓我從一個小故事開始。

with the story of Mary,

故事的主人公是 Mary，

a woman from an African village.

一個來自非洲鄉村的女人。

Her first memories

在她的記憶中，從小開始，

are of her family fleeing violent riots

她全家就在躲避暴亂，顛沛流離，

orchestrated by the ruling political party.

而這一切都拜執政黨所賜。

Her brother was murdered by the state-sponsored militia,

她的哥哥被政府資助的民兵組織所殺，

and she was raped more than once

她也被多次強暴，

just because she belonged to the wrong party.

僅僅因為她屬於「不良」黨派。

One morning, a month before the election,

選舉前一個月的某天早上，

Mary's village was called to another intimidation meeting.

Mary 所在的村子裡 上演了一場恐嚇拉票集會。

In this meeting, there is a man standing in front of them,

會上，一個男子站在他們面前，

telling them, "We know who you are,

對大家說：「我們都認識你們，

we know who you will vote for,

都知道你們會把票投給誰，

and if you're not going to drop the right paper,

如果你們不做出『正確』的選擇，

we're going to take revenge."

我們就會打擊報復。」

But for Mary, this meeting is different.

但對 Mary 來說， 這次會議非同尋常，

She feels different.

她的感觸也非同尋常。

This time, she's waiting for this meeting,

這次，她心懷期待，

because this time, she's carrying a small hidden camera in her dress,

因為她衣服裡藏了隱形攝影機，

a camera that nobody else can see.

一只沒人能覺察的攝影機。

Nobody is allowed to film in these meetings.

這些會議嚴禁攝影，

You risk your life if you do.

否則你將有生命危險。

Mary knows that, but she also knows that the only way to stop them

Mary 明白，但她也知道， 只有這樣才能阻止他們的惡行，

and to protect herself and her community

才能保護她自己以及她的村莊。

is to expose their intimidation,

只有把這種恐嚇行為公之於眾，

to make sure they understand somebody is following them,

讓他們知道有人監督，

to break the impunity they feel.

他們不能無法無天。

Mary and her friends were filming for months, undercover,

Mary 和她的朋友們 已經將執政黨的恐嚇行為

the intimidation of the ruling political party.

秘密地拍攝了幾個月。

(Video) ["Filmed with hidden cameras"]

（偷拍影片）

Man: We are now going to speak about the upcoming elections.

男子：「我們要說說接下來的選舉。

Nothing can stop us from doing what we want.

我們勢不可擋，

If we hear you are with [The Opposition]

如果你跟『反對黨』是一夥人，

we will not forgive you.

我們絕不原諒。」

["Militia intimidation rally"]

（民兵拉票會）

[The Party] can torture you at any time.

「組織隨時都可以對你們嚴刑拷打，

The youth can beat you.

年青人不會放過你。」

["Disruption of political meeting"]

（會議被迫中斷）

For those who lie, saying they are back with [The Party],

「那些謊稱要回歸『黨』的人，

your time is running out.

你們的日子到頭了。」

["Party youth militia"]

（青年民兵集會）

Some have died because they rebelled.

「有些反抗的人已經喪命，

Some have lost their homes.

有些人則無家可歸。

If you don't work together with [The Party],

如果不和『黨』合作，

you will lead a very bad life.

你們不會有好下場。」

Oren Yakobovich: These images were broadcast all over the world,

這些畫面現已在全世界播出，

but more importantly,

更重要的是，

they have been broadcast back to the community.

包括當地的人，

包括施暴者自己也看到了。

The perpetrators saw them too.

They understood somebody is following them.

他們發現有人盯著他們。

They got scared. Impunity was broken.

他們會害怕，不敢再無法無天。

Mary and her friends forced the ruling political party

Mary 和她的朋友們迫使執政黨

not to use violence during the election,

在選舉中不得使用暴力，

and saved hundreds of lives.

拯救了許多人的生命。

Mary is just one of hundreds of people

Mary 是我們機構裡

that my organization had helped to document human rights violations

用相機記錄反人權行為的幾百人之一。

using cameras.

My background should have led me to a different direction.

我的成長背景本應 讓我走上不同的方向。

I was born in Israel to a right-wing family,

我出生在以色列的右翼家庭，

and as long as I remember myself,

自年幼時的印象裡，

I wanted to join the Israeli army to serve my country

我一直想要參軍報國，

and prove what I believed was our right for the whole land.

為這片土地伸張正義。

I joined the Israeli army just after the first intifada,

在第一次巴勒斯坦起義之後， 我加入了以色列軍，

the first Palestinian uprising,

and I served in one of the hard-minded,

服役於一個強硬、 堅毅、激進的步兵隊。

toughest, aggressive infantry units,

and I got the biggest gun in my platoon.

我也得到了步兵隊裡最大的槍。

Quite fast, I became an officer

很快，我成為了一名軍官,

and got soldiers under my command,

手下也有了幾名士兵。

and as time passed, I started serving in the West Bank,

再後來，我開始服役於約旦河西岸，

and I saw these images.

目睹了以下這些畫面。

I didn't like what I saw.

我不喜歡眼前的這一切。

It took me a while,

掙扎了一段時間後，

but eventually I refused to serve in the West Bank

我最終辭去西岸的職責，

and had to spend time in jail.

這也讓我不得已入獄。

It was a bit —

其實，

(Applause) —

（掌聲）

It was not that bad, I have to say.

其實，我必須承認，監獄並沒那麽糟。

It was a bit like being in a hotel, but with very shitty food.

跟住旅館有點像，只是吃的很爛。

(Laughter)

（笑）

In jail, I kept thinking that I need people to know.

監禁期間，我一直在思考， 我要人們知道，

I need people to understand

我要人們明白，

what the reality in the West Bank looks like.

約旦河西岸的真實面貌。

I need them to hear what I heard,

我要他們聽我所聽，

I need them to see what I saw,

見我所見，

but I also understood, we need the Palestinians themselves,

但我也了解，我們需要巴勒斯坦人民，

the people that are suffering,

那些經歷苦難的人們，

to be able to tell their own stories,

能講述他們自己的故事，

not journalists or filmmakers that are coming outside of the situation.

而不是透過置身事外的 記者、或是電影人。

I joined a human rights organization,

我加入了一個人權機構，

an Israeli human rights organization called B'Tselem.

一個叫做 B'Tselem 的以色列組織。

Together, we analyzed the West Bank

我們一同分析了西岸局勢，

and picked 100 families that are living in the most risky places:

挑選出 100 個身處險境的家庭：

close to checkpoints, near army bases,

它們在關卡旁，在軍隊基地邊，

side by side with settlers.

緊挨著定居點。

We gave them cameras and training.

我們為這些家庭提供相機和相關培訓。

Quite fast, we started getting very disturbing images

很快的，我們開始收到 一些令人不安的畫面：

about how the settlers and the soldiers are abusing them.

畫面裡，他們受到 士兵和移民者的虐待。

I would like to share with you two clips from this project.

我想和大家分享 來自這個項目的兩段影片。

Both of them were broadcast in Israel, and it created a massive debate.

兩段都在以色列播放過， 並引起了巨大的爭議。

And I have to warn you,

我必須提醒大家，

some of you might find them quite explicit.

有些人可能會覺得 其中的畫面過於暴力。

The masked men you will see in the first clips

第一個畫面中的蒙面人

are Jewish settlers.

是猶太移民者。

Minutes before the camera was turned on,

攝影機開啟的幾分鐘前，

they approached a Palestinian family

他們朝一個正在耕作的 巴勒斯坦家庭靠近，

that was working their land

and told them that they have to leave the land,

告訴他們必須離開，

because this land belongs to the Jewish settlers.

因為這片地是屬於 猶太人的定居點。

The Palestinians refused.

巴勒斯坦人拒絕了。

Let's see what happened.

我們看看發生了什麽。

The masked men that are approaching are Jewish settlers.

（視頻） 畫面中的蒙面人是猶太移民。

They are approaching the Palestinian family.

他們正向巴勒斯坦家庭逼近。

This is a demonstration in the West Bank.

（視頻） 這是約旦河西岸的一場示威。

The guy in green is Palestinian.

穿綠衣的是巴勒斯坦人。

He will be arrested in a second.

他馬上會被逮捕。

Here you see him blindfolded and handcuffed.

你可以看到，他被戴上眼罩和手銬。

In a few seconds, he regrets he came to this demonstration.

接下來的幾秒鐘內， 他會為自己的到來而後悔。

（槍聲）

He's been shot in the foot with a rubber bullet.

他被橡膠子彈擊中了腳。

He is okay.

他並無大礙。

Not all the settlers and the soldiers are acting this way.

並不是所有外來移民和士兵都如此。

We're talking about a tiny minority, but they have to be brought to justice.

我們說的是極小的一部分人， 但他們必須面對審判。

These clips, and others like them,

這些影片，以及其他類似的，

forced the army and the police to start investigations.

迫使軍隊和警方介入調查。

They've been shown in Israel, of course,

當然，它們已經在以色列播出，

and the Israeli public was exposed to them also.

在以色列的公眾面前曝光。

This project redefined the struggle for human rights

這個項目重新定義了

受佔領地區的人權鬥爭，

in the occupied territories,

and we managed to reduce the number of violent attacks in the West Bank.

也讓西岸暴力襲擊得以減少。

The success of this project got me thinking

這個項目的成功讓我思考，

how I can take the same methodology to other places in the world.

我該怎樣採取同樣的方法， 運用到世界其他區域。

Now, we tend to believe that today,

現在，我們願意相信，

with all of the technology,

在擁有了現有科技、

the smartphones and the Internet,

智慧型手機和網路之後，

we are able to see and understand most of what's happening in the world,

我們能夠目睹和了解 世界上所發生的一切，

and people are able to tell their story —

人們能夠講述他們的故事。

but it's only partly true.

但這只是片面的。

Still today, with all the technology we have,

至今為止，在現有的科技下，

less than half of the world's population

世界上只有少於半數的人

has access to the Internet,

能使用網路，

and more than three billion people —

還有超過30億，

I'm repeating the number —

我再說一次，

three billion people are consuming news that is censored by those in power.

還有30億人，

還在審查制度中獲取資訊。

More or less around the same time,

差不多同時，

I'm approached by a great guy named Uri Fruchtmann.

一個叫烏里•菲奇曼的人找到我。

He's a filmmaker and an activist.

他是一名電影人和活躍分子。

We understood we were thinking along the same lines,

我們知道我們目標一致，

and we decided to establish Videre, our organization, together.

於是決定共同成立 Videre。

While building the organization in London,

在倫敦組建團隊的時候，

we've been traveling undercover to places

我們秘密走訪了

where a community was suffering from abuses,

一些飽受摧殘、

where mass atrocities were happening,

暴力橫行，

and there was a lack of reporting.

又缺乏曝光的地區。

We tried to understand how we can help.

我們試著了解該如何提供援助。

There were four things that I learned.

我們學到了四點：

The first thing is that we have to engage

首先，我們需要與那些

with communities that are living in rural areas,

遭受暴力卻遠離公眾視線的

where violations are happening far from the public eye.

偏遠村莊建立連繫。

We need to partner with them,

我們需要和他們合作，

and we need to understand which images are not making it out there

需要了解那些不為人知的故事，

and help them to document them.

並幫助他們記錄下來。

The second thing I learned

其次，我學到

is that we have to enable them to film in a safe way.

讓他們以安全的方式進行拍攝。

Security has to be the priority.

安全第一。

Where I used to work before, in the West Bank,

當我還在西岸工作的時候，

one can take a camera out,

你能掏出攝影機，

most likely not going to get shot,

被槍殺的可能性很小，

but in places we wanted to work,

但在我們要開展工作的那些地方，

just try to pull a phone out, and you're dead — literally dead.

要是敢拿出手機你就死定了， 真的死定了。

This is why we decided

這就是為什麽我決定

to take the operation undercover

在必要的時候，

when necessary,

盡可能地

and use mostly hidden cameras.

使用隱形相機進行拍攝。

Unfortunately, I can't show you the hidden cameras we're using today —

很不幸，我不能給大家展示

for obvious reasons —

我們正在使用的偷拍相機，

but these are cameras we used before.

但這些是我們曾經用使過的機型。

You can buy them off the shelf.

你可以在店裡買到的。

Today, we're building a custom-made hidden camera,

如今，我們定製了一款隱形相機，

like the one that Mary was wearing

類似 Mary 身上那樣的，

in her dress to film the intimidation meeting

記錄執政黨

of the ruling political party.

恐嚇脅迫行徑的相機。

It's a camera that nobody can see,

這款相機很隱蔽

that blends into the environment,

可以很好地融入周遭環境。

into the surroundings.

Now, filming securities go beyond using hidden cameras.

拍攝安全比使用隱形相機本身更重要。

Being secure starts way before the activist is turning the camera on.

在打開錄影機之前， 就得確保拍攝者的安全。

To keep our partners safe,

為了保障我們合作夥伴的安危，

we work to understand the risk of every location

我們致力於了解每個地方、

and of every shot before it's happened,

拍攝每張照片的風險，

building a backup plan if something goes wrong,

在可能出錯的環節做好應急措施，

and making sure we have everything in place

在展開行動之前，

before our operations start.

確保一切就緒。

The third thing I learned is the importance of verification.

第三，我學到核實的重要性。

You can have an amazing shot of atrocity,

你能捕捉到驚心動魄的暴行，

but if you can't verify it, it's worth nothing.

但如果無法核實真偽， 那它沒有任何意義。

Recently, like in the ongoing war in Syria or the war in Gaza,

近來，在敘利亞，又或者加沙 持續的戰爭中，

we've seen images that are staged or brought from a different conflict.

我們看到一些擺拍的， 或從其他衝突中挪用的影像。

This misinformation destroyed the credibility of the source,

這些不實信息不光損害了 消息來源的可信度，

and it's harmed the credibility of other reliable and trustworthy sources.

也影響了其它原本可信可靠的消息源。

We use a variety of ways to make sure we can verify the information

我們用多種途徑 確保消息能夠得到核實，

and we can trust the material.

素材值得信任。

It starts with vetting the partners,

這都從我們對合作者的審核開始，

understanding who they are, and working with them very intensively.

認識他們，和他們緊密合作。

How do you film a location?

你該如何拍攝一個場景呢？

You film road signs, you film watches,

你可以拍拍路標、手錶、報紙。

you film newspapers.

We are checking maps, looking at maps,

我們正在勘查地圖，

double-checking the information,

核對信息，

and looking also at the metadata of the material.

查詢後備資料。

Now, the fourth and the most important thing I learned

第四點，也是我學到的最多的

is how you use images to create a positive change.

就是如何利用這些圖像 來創造積極的改變。

To have an effect,

要想取得效應，

the key thing is how you use the material.

關鍵在於如何使用這些材料。

Today, we're working with hundreds of activists

今天，我們同幾百名活躍分子一起

filming undercover.

進行秘密拍攝。

We work with them both to understand the situation on the ground

我們一起了解當下處境，

看看還缺少哪些畫面，

and which images are missing to describe it,

who are the ones that are influencing the situation,

誰能改變局面，

and when to release the material to advance the struggle.

什麽時候發佈這些資料，來推進鬥爭。

Sometimes, it's about putting it in the media,

有時，這事關媒體，

mostly local ones, to create awareness.

主要是當地的媒體， 來提高人們的覺醒。

Sometimes it's working with decision makers,

有時，這事關決策者，

to change laws.

要他們去完善法制。

Sometimes, it's working with lawyers to use as evidence in court.

有時，要把這些資料當做證據。

But more than often,

但更多時候，

the most effective way to create a social change

引發社會變革最有效的方法

is to work within the community.

是從社區內部開展行動。

I want to give you one example.

給大家舉個例子。

Fatuma is part of a network of women that are fighting abuses in Kenya.

Fatuma 是肯亞 某個婦女反暴力組織中的成員，

Women in her community have been harassed constantly

社區中的女性

時常在上學和工作途中遭遇騷擾。

on their way to school and on their way to work.

They are trying to change the behavior of the community from inside.

她們試圖由內而外改變這種局面。

In the next clip,

在接下來的影片中，

Fatuma is taking us with her on her journey to work.

Fatuma 將帶領我們 同走她上班的路途。

Her voice is superimposed on images that she filmed herself

她為這段偷拍的影片

using hidden cameras.

做了旁白。

(Video) Fatuma Chiusiku: My name is Fatuma Chiusiku.

（視頻） 我叫 Fatuma Chiusiku，

I'm 32 years old, a mother,

32歲，是一位母親，

And Ziwa La Ng'Ombe is my home.

家在 Ziwa La Ng'Ombe。

Each morning, I ride the mini-bus

每天早上，我乘坐小巴，

Number 11.

11號小巴。

But instead of a peaceful journey to work,

但上班的車程並非一路安寧，

each day begins with fear.

而是充滿恐懼。

Come with me now

跟著我，

and use my eyes

用我的眼睛，

to feel what I feel.

體會我的感受。

As I walk, I think to myself:

我邊走邊想：

Will I be touched?

我會再次被售票員偷摸嗎？

Grabbed?

偷抓？

Violated by this conductor again?

冒犯？

Even the men inside

就連車裡的男人們

the way they look at me

他們看我的樣子，

touch my body, rub against me,

摸著我的身子，磨蹭我，

grab me,

抓住我，

and now, as I sit in my seat

現在，當我坐在座位上，

I only wish my mind was full of thoughts for my day,

多希望每天心裡惦記著的 只是我的生活，

my dreams, my children at school,

我的夢想， 我正在上學的孩子，

but instead I worry about the moment when we will arrive

但我卻要擔心公車何時才能到站，

and I will be violated again.

而我是否會再次被侵犯。

OY: Today, there is a new front in the fight for human rights.

今天，

我們的人權鬥爭

已經進入了全新的階段。

I used to carry a big gun.

我曾手持重型槍械。

Now, I am carrying this.

現在，我拿著這個。 （偷拍相機）

This is a much more powerful and much, much more effective weapon.

這是個更有力，更有效的武器。

But we have to use its power wisely.

但我們要善用它，

By putting the right images in the right hands at the right time,

在對的時間，

用對的影像，

給對的人。

we can truly create an impact.

只有這樣， 我們才能真的影響世界。

Thank you.

謝謝。

(Applause)

（掌聲）

Thank you.

謝謝大家。

(Applause)

（掌聲）