Hidden Cameras Film Injustice in Dangerous Places | Oren Yakobovich | TED Talks

翻译人员: Sam Sun 校对人员: Sherry Chen

I would like to start

让我从一个小故事开始。

with the story of Mary,

主人公是玛丽，

a woman from an African village.

一个来自非洲乡村的女人。

Her first memories

在她的记忆里，从小开始

are of her family fleeing violent riots

她全家就在躲避暴乱，颠沛流离，

orchestrated by the ruling political party.

这一切都拜执政党所赐。

Her brother was murdered by the state-sponsored militia,

她的哥哥被政府支持的民兵杀害，

and she was raped more than once

她也被多次强暴

just because she belonged to the wrong party.

仅仅因为她隶属“不良”党派。

One morning, a month before the election,

选举前一个月的某天早上，

Mary's village was called to another intimidation meeting.

玛丽所在的村子里 上演了一场恐吓拉票集会。

In this meeting, there is a man standing in front of them,

会上，一个男子站在他们面前，

telling them, "We know who you are,

对大家说，“我们认识你们，“

we know who you will vote for,

“知道你们的票会投给谁，”

and if you're not going to drop the right paper,

“如果你们不做出 ‘正确’的选择，”

we're going to take revenge."

”我们会打击报复。”

But for Mary, this meeting is different.

但对玛丽来说，这个会议不同寻常，

She feels different.

她的感触也不同寻常。

This time, she's waiting for this meeting,

这次，她有所期待，

because this time, she's carrying a small hidden camera in her dress,

因为这次，她衣服里 藏了一只隐形摄像机，

a camera that nobody else can see.

一只没人能觉察的摄像机。

Nobody is allowed to film in these meetings.

这些会议严禁摄影，

You risk your life if you do.

否则你将有生命危险。

Mary knows that, but she also knows that the only way to stop them

玛丽明白，但她也知道， 只有这样才能阻止他们，

and to protect herself and her community

才能保护她自己 以及她的村庄。

is to expose their intimidation,

只有把这种恐吓行为公之于众，

to make sure they understand somebody is following them,

让他们知道有人监督，

to break the impunity they feel.

他们不能无法无天。

Mary and her friends were filming for months, undercover,

玛丽和她的朋友们 已经对执政党的恐吓行为

the intimidation of the ruling political party.

秘密地录制了几个月。

(Video) ["Filmed with hidden cameras"]

（偷拍视频）

Man: We are now going to speak about the upcoming elections.

男子：我们要说说接下来的选举。

Nothing can stop us from doing what we want.

我们势不可挡，

If we hear you are with [The Opposition]

如果你跟“反对党”一伙，

we will not forgive you.

我们绝不原谅。

["Militia intimidation rally"]

（民兵拉票会）

[The Party] can torture you at any time.

“组织”可以随时对你们严刑拷打，

The youth can beat you.

年青人不会放过你。

["Disruption of political meeting"]

（会议被迫中断）

For those who lie, saying they are back with [The Party],

那些谎称要回归“党”的人，

your time is running out.

你们的日子到头了。

["Party youth militia"]

（青年民兵集会）

Some have died because they rebelled.

有些反抗的人已经丧命，

Some have lost their homes.

有些无家可归。

If you don't work together with [The Party],

如果不和“党”合作，

you will lead a very bad life.

你们不会有好下场。

Oren Yakobovich: These images were broadcast all over the world,

这些画面现已在世界范围内播出，

but more importantly,

更重要的是，

they have been broadcast back to the community.

也包括当地，

包括施暴者自己也看到了。

The perpetrators saw them too.

They understood somebody is following them.

他们发现有人盯着他们。

They got scared. Impunity was broken.

他们会害怕，不敢再无法无天。

Mary and her friends forced the ruling political party

玛丽和她的朋友们迫使执政党

not to use violence during the election,

在选举中不得使用暴力，

and saved hundreds of lives.

拯救了很多人的生命。

Mary is just one of hundreds of people

玛丽是我们机构里

that my organization had helped to document human rights violations

用相机记录反人权行为的

using cameras.

几百人之一。

My background should have led me to a different direction.

我的成长背景 本应带我走上一条不同的道路。

I was born in Israel to a right-wing family,

我出生在以色列的一个右翼家庭，

and as long as I remember myself,

自小时候起的印象里，

I wanted to join the Israeli army to serve my country

我一直想要参军报国，

and prove what I believed was our right for the whole land.

为这片土地伸张正义。

I joined the Israeli army just after the first intifada,

在第一次巴勒斯坦起义之后，

the first Palestinian uprising,

我加入了以色列军，

and I served in one of the hard-minded,

服役于一个强硬、

toughest, aggressive infantry units,

坚毅、激进的步兵队。

and I got the biggest gun in my platoon.

我也得到队里最大的一架枪。

Quite fast, I became an officer

很快，我当上一名军官,

and got soldiers under my command,

手下也有了几名士兵。

and as time passed, I started serving in the West Bank,

再后来，我开始服役于约旦河西岸，

and I saw these images.

目睹了以下这些画面。

I didn't like what I saw.

我不喜欢眼前的一切。

It took me a while,

挣扎了一段时间后，

but eventually I refused to serve in the West Bank

我最终辞去西岸的职责，

and had to spend time in jail.

这也让我不得已被关入狱。

It was a bit —

其实，

(Applause) —

（掌声）

It was not that bad, I have to say.

其实，我得承认，没那么糟。

It was a bit like being in a hotel, but with very shitty food.

跟旅馆有点像，只是吃的很烂。

(Laughter)

（笑）

In jail, I kept thinking that I need people to know.

监禁期间，我一直想， 我要人们知道，

I need people to understand

我要人们明白，

what the reality in the West Bank looks like.

约旦河西岸的真实面貌。

I need them to hear what I heard,

我要他们听我所听，

I need them to see what I saw,

见我所见，

but I also understood, we need the Palestinians themselves,

但我也了解， 我们需要巴勒斯坦人民，

the people that are suffering,

那些经历苦难的人们，

to be able to tell their own stories,

能讲述他们自己的故事，

not journalists or filmmakers that are coming outside of the situation.

而不是透过置身事外的 记者、还是电影制作人。

I joined a human rights organization,

我加入了一个人权机构，

an Israeli human rights organization called B'Tselem.

一个叫做B'Tselem的以色列组织。

Together, we analyzed the West Bank

我们一同分析了西岸，

and picked 100 families that are living in the most risky places:

挑选出100个身处险境的家庭：

close to checkpoints, near army bases,

它们在关卡旁、在军队基地边、

side by side with settlers.

紧邻着定居点。

We gave them cameras and training.

我们提供相机和相关培训。

Quite fast, we started getting very disturbing images

很快的，我们开始收到 一些令人不安的画面：

about how the settlers and the soldiers are abusing them.

画面里，他们受到 士兵和移民者的虐待。

I would like to share with you two clips from this project.

我想和大家分享 来自这个项目的两段影片。

Both of them were broadcast in Israel, and it created a massive debate.

两段都在以色列播放过， 也引起了巨大的争议。

And I have to warn you,

我得提醒大家，

some of you might find them quite explicit.

有些人可能会觉得 画面过于暴力。

The masked men you will see in the first clips

第一个画面中的蒙面人

are Jewish settlers.

是犹太移民者。

Minutes before the camera was turned on,

相机开启的几分钟前，

they approached a Palestinian family

他们朝一个正在耕作的

that was working their land

巴勒斯坦家庭靠近，

and told them that they have to leave the land,

告诉他们必须离开，

because this land belongs to the Jewish settlers.

因为这片地属于他们犹太人定居点。

The Palestinians refused.

巴勒斯坦人拒绝了。

Let's see what happened.

我们看看发生了什么。

The masked men that are approaching are Jewish settlers.

（视频） 画面中的蒙面人是犹太移民。

They are approaching the Palestinian family.

他们正向一个巴勒斯坦家庭逼近。

This is a demonstration in the West Bank.

（视频） 这是约旦河西岸的一个示威。

The guy in green is Palestinian.

穿绿衣的是巴勒斯坦人。

He will be arrested in a second.

他马上会被逮捕。

Here you see him blindfolded and handcuffed.

现在你可以看到 他被戴上眼罩和手铐。

In a few seconds, he regrets he came to this demonstration.

接下来的几秒钟， 他会为自己的到来而后悔。

（枪声）

He's been shot in the foot with a rubber bullet.

他被一个橡胶子弹击中了脚。

He is okay.

他没事儿。

Not all the settlers and the soldiers are acting this way.

并不是所有外来移民和士兵都如此。

We're talking about a tiny minority, but they have to be brought to justice.

我们说的是极小的一部分， 但他们必须面对正义的审判。

These clips, and others like them,

这些影片，以及其他类似的，

forced the army and the police to start investigations.

迫使军队和警方开始介入调查。

They've been shown in Israel, of course,

当然，它们已经在以色列播出，

and the Israeli public was exposed to them also.

在以色列的公众面前曝光。

This project redefined the struggle for human rights

这个项目重新定义了

受统治地区的人权斗争，

in the occupied territories,

and we managed to reduce the number of violent attacks in the West Bank.

也让西岸暴力袭击的数量 得以降低。

The success of this project got me thinking

这个项目的成功让我思考

how I can take the same methodology to other places in the world.

我怎样采取同样的方法， 运用到世界其他区域。

Now, we tend to believe that today,

现在，我们愿意相信，

with all of the technology,

在拥有了现有科技、

the smartphones and the Internet,

智能手机和互联网之后，

we are able to see and understand most of what's happening in the world,

我们能够目睹和了解 世界上所发生的一切，

and people are able to tell their story —

人们能够讲述 他们的故事。

but it's only partly true.

但这只是片面的。

Still today, with all the technology we have,

至今为止， 在现有的科技下，

less than half of the world's population

世界上只有少于半数的人

has access to the Internet,

能使用互联网，

and more than three billion people —

还有超过30亿，

I'm repeating the number —

我重申，

three billion people are consuming news that is censored by those in power.

还有30亿人，

还在审查制度中获取资讯。

More or less around the same time,

差不多同时，

I'm approached by a great guy named Uri Fruchtmann.

一个叫Uri Fruchtmann的人找到我。

He's a filmmaker and an activist.

他是个电影制片人和活动分子。

We understood we were thinking along the same lines,

我们知道我们目标一致，

and we decided to establish Videre, our organization, together.

于是决定共同成立 Videre。

While building the organization in London,

在伦敦组建团队的时候，

we've been traveling undercover to places

我们秘密走访了

where a community was suffering from abuses,

一些饱受摧残、

where mass atrocities were happening,

暴力横行，

and there was a lack of reporting.

又缺乏曝光的地区。

We tried to understand how we can help.

我们试着了解 该如何提供援助。

There were four things that I learned.

我们学到了四点：

The first thing is that we have to engage

首先，我们需要与那些

with communities that are living in rural areas,

遭受暴力却远离公众视线的

where violations are happening far from the public eye.

偏远村庄建立联系。

We need to partner with them,

我们需要和他们合作，

and we need to understand which images are not making it out there

需要了解那些不为人知的故事，

and help them to document them.

并帮助他们记录下来。

The second thing I learned

其次，我学到

is that we have to enable them to film in a safe way.

得让他们以一种安全的方式 进行拍摄。

Security has to be the priority.

安全第一。

Where I used to work before, in the West Bank,

当我还在西岸工作的时候，

one can take a camera out,

你能掏出摄像机，

most likely not going to get shot,

八成也不会被一枪崩了，

but in places we wanted to work,

但在我们要开展工作的 那些地方，

just try to pull a phone out, and you're dead — literally dead.

要敢拿出手机你就死定了， 真的死定了。

This is why we decided

这就是为什么我决定

to take the operation undercover

在必要的时候，

when necessary,

尽可能地

and use mostly hidden cameras.

使用隐形相机进行拍摄。

Unfortunately, I can't show you the hidden cameras we're using today —

很不幸，我不能给大家展示

for obvious reasons —

我们正在使用的偷拍相机，

but these are cameras we used before.

但这些是我们曾经用使过的机型。

You can buy them off the shelf.

你可以在店里买到的。

Today, we're building a custom-made hidden camera,

如今，我们定制了一款隐形相机，

like the one that Mary was wearing

类似玛丽身上的

in her dress to film the intimidation meeting

记录执政党

of the ruling political party.

恐吓胁迫行径的相机。

It's a camera that nobody can see,

这款相机很隐蔽

that blends into the environment,

可以很好地融入周遭环境。

into the surroundings.

Now, filming securities go beyond using hidden cameras.

现在，拍摄安全比使用 隐形相机本身更重要。

Being secure starts way before the activist is turning the camera on.

在打开摄像机之前， 就得确保安全。

To keep our partners safe,

为了保障我们合作伙伴的安危，

we work to understand the risk of every location

我们致力了解每个地方、

and of every shot before it's happened,

拍摄每张照片的风险，

building a backup plan if something goes wrong,

在可能出错的环节 做好应急措施，

and making sure we have everything in place

在展开行动之前，

before our operations start.

确保一切就绪。

The third thing I learned is the importance of verification.

第三，我学到核实的重要性。

You can have an amazing shot of atrocity,

你能捕捉到惊心动魄的暴行，

but if you can't verify it, it's worth nothing.

但如果无法核实真伪， 那它没有任何意义。

Recently, like in the ongoing war in Syria or the war in Gaza,

近来，在叙利亚，又或者加沙 持续的战争中，

we've seen images that are staged or brought from a different conflict.

我们看到一些摆拍的， 或从其他冲突中挪用的影像。

This misinformation destroyed the credibility of the source,

这些不实信息不光 损害了消息来源的可信度，

and it's harmed the credibility of other reliable and trustworthy sources.

也影响了其他 原本可信可靠的消息源。

We use a variety of ways to make sure we can verify the information

我们用多种途径确保 消息能够核实，

and we can trust the material.

素材值得信任。

It starts with vetting the partners,

这都从我们对合作者的审核开始，

understanding who they are, and working with them very intensively.

认识他们，和他们紧密合作。

How do you film a location?

你该如何拍摄一个场景呢？

You film road signs, you film watches,

你可以拍拍路标，手表，报纸，

you film newspapers.

We are checking maps, looking at maps,

我们可以查看地图，

double-checking the information,

核对信息，

and looking also at the metadata of the material.

查询后备资料。

Now, the fourth and the most important thing I learned

第四点，也是我学到的最多的

is how you use images to create a positive change.

是如何利用这些图像 来创造一些正面的改观。

To have an effect,

为了达到效应，

the key thing is how you use the material.

关键在于如何使用这些材料。

Today, we're working with hundreds of activists

今天，我们同几百名积极分子一起

filming undercover.

秘密拍摄。

We work with them both to understand the situation on the ground

我们一起了解当下处境，

看看还缺少哪些画面，

and which images are missing to describe it,

who are the ones that are influencing the situation,

谁能改变局面，

and when to release the material to advance the struggle.

什么时候发布这些资料， 来推进斗争。

Sometimes, it's about putting it in the media,

有时，这事关媒体，

mostly local ones, to create awareness.

主要是当地的媒体， 来提高人们的意识。

Sometimes it's working with decision makers,

有时，这事关决策者，

to change laws.

要他们去完善法制。

Sometimes, it's working with lawyers to use as evidence in court.

有时，是把这些资料当做证据。

But more than often,

但更多时候，

the most effective way to create a social change

引发社会变革最有效的方法，

is to work within the community.

是从体制内部开展工作。

I want to give you one example.

给大家举个例子。

Fatuma is part of a network of women that are fighting abuses in Kenya.

Fatuma是肯尼亚一个 妇女反暴力组织中的一员，

Women in her community have been harassed constantly

社区中的女性

时常在上学和工作途中遭遇骚扰。

on their way to school and on their way to work.

They are trying to change the behavior of the community from inside.

她们试图由内而外地 改变这种局面。

In the next clip,

在接下来的影片中，

Fatuma is taking us with her on her journey to work.

Fatuma将带领我们 走上她上班的路途。

Her voice is superimposed on images that she filmed herself

她为这段偷拍的影片

using hidden cameras.

做了旁白。

(Video) Fatuma Chiusiku: My name is Fatuma Chiusiku.

（视频） 我叫Fatuma Chiusiku，

I'm 32 years old, a mother,

32岁，是一个母亲，

And Ziwa La Ng'Ombe is my home.

家在Ziwa La Ng'Ombe。

Each morning, I ride the mini-bus

每天早上，我乘坐小巴，

Number 11.

11路。

But instead of a peaceful journey to work,

但上班的车程并非一路安宁，

each day begins with fear.

而是充满恐惧。

Come with me now

跟着我，

and use my eyes

用我的眼睛，

to feel what I feel.

体会我的感受。

As I walk, I think to myself:

我边走边想：

Will I be touched?

我会再一次被售票员偷摸吗？

Grabbed?

偷抓？

Violated by this conductor again?

冒犯？

Even the men inside

就连车里的男人们

the way they look at me

他们看我的样子，

touch my body, rub against me,

摸着我的身子，磨蹭我，

grab me,

抓我，

and now, as I sit in my seat

现在，当我坐在座位上，

I only wish my mind was full of thoughts for my day,

多希望每天心里惦记着的 只是我的生活，

my dreams, my children at school,

我的梦想， 我在上学的孩子，

but instead I worry about the moment when we will arrive

但我却要担心公车何时抵达，

and I will be violated again.

而我是否会再一次被侵犯。

OY: Today, there is a new front in the fight for human rights.

今天，

我们的人权斗争

已经到了全新的阶段。

I used to carry a big gun.

我曾经手持重型枪械。

Now, I am carrying this.

现在，我拿着这个。 （偷拍相机）

This is a much more powerful and much, much more effective weapon.

这是个更有力，更有效的武器。

But we have to use its power wisely.

但我们要善用它，

By putting the right images in the right hands at the right time,

在对的时间，

用对的影像，

给对的人。

we can truly create an impact.

只有这样， 我们才能真的影响世界。

Thank you.

谢谢。

(Applause)

（掌声）

Thank you.

谢谢大家。

（掌声）

(Applause)