Let's end ageism | Ashton Applewhite

Prevodilac: Aleksandra Ninovic Lektor: Mile Živković

What's one thing that every person in this room is going to become?

Šta je jedino što će svaka osoba u ovoj prostoriji postati?

Older.

Starija.

And most of us are scared stiff at the prospect.

A većina nas se strese od same pomisli na to.

How does that word make you feel?

Kako se osećate kad čujete ovu reč?

I used to feel the same way.

Ja sam se osećala isto tako.

What was I most worried about?

O čemu sam najviše brinula?

Ending up drooling in some grim institutional hallway.

O završetku balaveći u sumornom hodniku neke institucije.

And then I learned that only four percent of older Americans

A onda sam saznala da samo 4% starijih Amerikanaca

are living in nursing homes,

živi u staračkim domovima,

and the percentage is dropping.

i da se procenat smanjuje.

What else was I worried about?

O čemu sam još brinula?

Dementia.

O demenciji.

Turns out that most of us can think just fine to the end.

U stvari, većina nas može razmišljati sasvim dobro do kraja.

Dementia rates are dropping, too.

Stopa demencije takođe opada.

The real epidemic is anxiety over memory loss.

Stvarna epidemija je zapravo strah od gubitka pamćenja.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

I also figured that old people were depressed

Takođe sam shvatila da su stari ljudi depresivni

because they were old and they were going to die soon.

zato što su stari i zato što će uskoro umreti.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

It turns out that the longer people live,

Ispostavlja se da što duže ljudi žive,

the less they fear dying,

manje se plaše umiranja,

and that people are happiest at the beginnings and the end of their lives.

i da su ljudi najsrećniji na početku i kraju svog života.

It's called the U-curve of happiness,

To se zove linija sreće u obliku slova U,

and it's been borne out by dozens of studies around the world.

i o njoj se govori u desetinama studija širom sveta.

You don't have to be a Buddhist or a billionaire.

Ne morate biti budista ili milijarder.

The curve is a function of the way aging itself affects the brain.

Linija predstavlja funkciju načina na koji starenje utiče na mozak.

So I started feeling a lot better about getting older,

Tako da sam se počela osećati bolje u smislu starenja,

and I started obsessing about why so few people know these things.

i počela opsesivno razmišljati o tome zašto tako malo ljudi zna o ovim stvarima.

The reason is ageism:

Razlog je starosna diskriminacija:

discrimination and stereotyping on the basis of age.

diskriminacija i stvaranje stereotipa na osnovu godina.

We experience it anytime someone assumes we're too old for something,

Osećamo to svaki put kada neko pretpostavi da smo previše stari za nešto,

instead of finding out who we are and what we're capable of,

umesto da otkrije ko smo i za šta smo sposobni,

or too young.

ili previše mladi.

Ageism cuts both ways.

Starosna diskriminacija ide u oba smera.

All -isms are socially constructed ideas -- racism, sexism, homophobia --

Sve vrste diskriminacije su tvorevine društva - rasna, polna, homofobija

and that means we make them up,

što znači da ih mi izmišljamo,

and they can change over time.

i vremenom se mogu menjati.

All these prejudices pit us against each other

Sve ove predrasude nas suprotstavljaju

to maintain the status quo,

kako bismo održali status kvo,

like auto workers in the US competing against auto workers in Mexico

kao radnici u auto industriji u SAD koji se takmiče protiv radnika u Meksiku

instead of organizing for better wages.

umesto da se udruže za dobijanje boljih nadnica.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

We know it's not OK to allocate resources by race or by sex.

Znamo da nije u redu dodeljivati sredstva na osnovu rase ili pola.

Why should it be OK to weigh the needs of the young against the old?

Zašto bi bilo u redu upoređivati potrebe mladih i starih?

All prejudice relies on "othering" -- seeing a group of people

Sve predrasude se oslanjaju na "razlikovanje" - viđenju grupe ljudi

as other than ourselves:

kao različite od nas samih:

other race, other religion, other nationality.

različite rase, religije, nacionalnosti.

The strange thing about ageism:

Zanimljiva stvar o predrasudi o godinama:

that other is us.

ti različiti smo mi.

Predrasuda o godinama se hrani poricanjem, našom nespremnošću da priznamo

Ageism feeds on denial -- our reluctance to acknowledge

that we are going to become that older person.

da ćemo i mi postati ta starija osoba.

It's denial when we try to pass for younger

Poricanje je kada pokušavamo da prođemo kao mlađi

or when we believe in anti-aging products,

ili kada verujemo u preparate protiv starenja

or when we feel like our bodies are betraying us,

ili kada se osećamo kao da nas telo izdaje,

simply because they are changing.

samo zato što se menja.

Why on earth do we stop celebrating the ability to adapt and grow

Zašto uopšte prestajemo da slavimo sposobnost da se prilagodimo i rastemo

as we move through life?

dok se krećemo kroz život?

Zašto starenje mora da bude

Why should aging well mean struggling to look and move

borba da izgledamo i krećemo se

like younger versions of ourselves?

kao mlađe verzije sebe?

It's embarrassing to be called out as older

Sramotno je da nas nazivaju starijima

until we quit being embarrassed about it,

dok ne prestane da nas bude sramota toga,

and it's not healthy to go through life dreading our futures.

i nije zdravo ići kroz život plašeći se svoje budućnosti.

The sooner we get off this hamster wheel of age denial,

Što pre izađemo iz začaranog kruga poricanja,

the better off we are.

bolje za nas.

Stereotypes are always a mistake, of course,

Stereotipi su uvek greška, naravno,

but especially when it comes to age,

ali posebno kada su u pitanju godine

because the longer we live,

jer što duže živimo,

the more different from one another we become.

to se više međusobno razlikujemo.

Right? Think about it.

Zar ne? Razmislite o tome.

And yet, we tend to think of everyone in a retirement home

A opet, o svima u staračkom domu mislimo

as the same age: old --

da su istog godišta: stari,

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

when they can span four decades.

iako raspon može biti četiri decenije.

Can you imagine thinking that way about a group of people

Da li možete razmišljati o njima kao o grupi ljudi

between the ages of 20 and 60?

između 20 i 60 godina?

When you get to a party, do you head for people your own age?

Kada odete na zabavu, da li ciljate osobe svojih godina?

Have you ever grumbled about entitled millennials?

Da li ste nekada gunđali o razmaženim milenijalsima?

Have you ever rejected a haircut or a relationship or an outing

Da li ste ikada odbili frizuru ili vezu ili izlazak

because it's not age-appropriate?

jer ne odgovara vašim godinama?

For adults, there's no such thing.

Za odrasle, takve stvari ne postoje.

All these behaviors are ageist.

Sva ova ponašanja su puna predrasuda.

We all do them,

Svi to radimo,

and we can't challenge bias unless we're aware of it.

a ne možemo se boriti sa pristrasnošću ukoliko je nismo svesni.

Nobody's born ageist,

Niko se ne rađa sa predrasudom

but it starts at early childhood,

ali ona počinje u ranom detinjstvu

around the same time attitudes towards race and gender start to form,

otprilike u isto vreme kada se stvara stav o rasi i polu

because negative messages about late life bombard us

jer nas na svakom koraku bombarduju negativne poruke medija

from the media and popular culture at every turn.

o kasnijem životu.

Right? Wrinkles are ugly.

Zar ne? Bore su ružne.

Old people are pathetic.

Stari ljudi su patetični.

It's sad to be old.

Tužno je biti star.

Look at Hollywood.

Pogledajte Holivud.

A survey of recent Best Picture nominations

Anketa o nedavnoj nominaciji za Najbolji film

found that only 12 percent of speaking or named characters

je otkrila da je samo 12 procenata govornika ili imenovanih likova

were age 60 and up,

imalo 60 i više godina,

and many of them were portrayed as impaired.

a mnogi od njih su prikazani kao oštećeni.

Older people can be the most ageist of all,

Stariji ljudi mogu biti najdiskriminatorniji

because we've had a lifetime to internalize these messages

jer imali smo čitav život da usvojimo ove poruke

i nikada nam nije palo na pamet da im se suprotstavimo.

and we've never thought to challenge them.

I had to acknowledge it

Morala sam to da priznam

and stop colluding.

i završim konspiraciju.

"Senior moment" quips, for example:

Pošalice "stariji trenutak", na primer:

I stopped making them when it dawned on me

prestala sam da ih pravim kad mi je sinulo

that when I lost the car keys in high school,

da kada sam izgubila ključeve od auta u srednjoj školi

I didn't call it a "junior moment."

nisam to nazvala ''mlađim trenutkom''.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

I stopped blaming my sore knee on being 64.

Prestala sam da krivim svoje bolno koleno što ima 64 godine.

My other knee doesn't hurt,

Moje drugo koleno me ne boli,

and it's just as old.

a jednako je staro.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

We are all worried about some aspect of getting older,

Svi se mi plašimo nekog aspekta starenja,

whether running out of money,

bilo da je to manjak novca,

getting sick, ending up alone,

razboleti se, ili na kraju biti sam,

and those fears are legitimate and real.

i ti strahovi su legitimni i stvarni.

Ali ono čega se većina nas nikada ne seti

But what never dawns on most of us

is that the experience of reaching old age

jeste da iskustvo dostizanja starog doba

can be better or worse depending on the culture

može biti bolje ili lošije zavisno od kulture

in which it takes place.

u kojoj se dešava.

It is not having a vagina that makes life harder for women.

Nije posedovanje vagine ono što ženama otežava život.

It's sexism.

Već polna diskriminacija.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

Nije ljubav prema muškarcu ono što gej momcima otežava život.

It's not loving a man that makes life harder for gay guys.

It's homophobia.

Već homofobija.

And it is not the passage of time that makes getting older

I nije prolaznost vremena ono što starenje

so much harder than it has to be.

čini težim nego što mora biti.

It is ageism.

Već starosna diskriminacija.

When labels are hard to read

Kada je teško pročitati etikete

or there's no handrail

ili kada nema rukohvata

or we can't open the damn jar,

ili kada ne možemo otvoriti prokletu teglu,

we blame ourselves,

mi krivimo sebe,

our failure to age successfully,

svoj neuspeh da uspešno starimo,

instead of the ageism that makes those natural transitions shameful

umesto starosnu diskriminaciju koja tu prirodnu tranziciju čini sramnom

and the discrimination that makes those barriers acceptable.

i ta ograničenja prihvatljivim.

You can't make money off satisfaction,

Ne možete stvoriti novac od satisfakcije

but shame and fear create markets,

ali stid i strah stvaraju tržišta,

and capitalism always needs new markets.

a kapitalizmu su nova tržišta uvek potrebna.

Who says wrinkles are ugly?

Ko kaže da su bore ružne?

The multi-billion-dollar skin care industry.

Multimilijarderska industrija za negu kože.

Who says perimenopause and low T and mild cognitive impairment

Ko kaže da su perimenopauza, niski T i blagi kognitivni nedostaci

are medical conditions?

medicinski problemi?

The trillion-dollar pharmaceutical industry.

Bilionska farmaceutska industrija.

(Cheers)

(Klicanje)

The more clearly we see these forces at work,

Što jasnije vidimo ove sile na delu,

the easier it is to come up with alternative, more positive

to je lakše smisliti alternativnu, pozitivniju

and more accurate narratives.

i precizniju priču.

Aging is not a problem to be fixed or a disease to be cured.

Starenje nije problem koji treba rešiti ili bolest koju treba lečiti.

It is a natural, powerful, lifelong process that unites us all.

To je prirodni, moćni, životni proces koji ujedinjuje sve nas.

Changing the culture is a tall order, I know that, but culture is fluid.

Menjanje kulture je težak zadatak, znam, ali kultura je fluidna.

Look at how much the position of women has changed in my lifetime

Pogledajte samo koliko se pozicija žena promenila u toku mog života

or the incredible strides that the gay rights movement

ili neverovatne korake koje je pokret za gej prava

has made in just a few decades, right?

načinio za samo nekoliko decenija, zar ne?

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

Look at gender.

Pogledajte pol.

We used to think of it as a binary, male or female,

Nekada smo ga videli kao binarni, muški ili ženski,

and now we understand it's a spectrum.

a sada razumemo da je spektar.

It is high time to ditch the old-young binary, too.

Krajnje je vreme da batalimo i binarnost staro-mlado.

There is no line in the sand between old and young,

Ne postoji graničnik između starog i mladog

after which it's all downhill.

nakon kog je sve nizbrdo.

And the longer we wait to challenge that idea,

I što duže čekamo da se suprotstavimo toj ideji,

the more damage it does to ourselves and our place in the world,

to ona više šteti nama i našem mestu u svetu,

like in the workforce, where age discrimination is rampant.

kao na radnom mestu, gde je starosna diskriminacija ogromna.

In Silicon Valley, engineers are getting Botoxed and hair-plugged

U Silicijumskoj dolini, inženjeri stavljaju botoks i presađuju kosu

before key interviews --

pre ključnih intervjua -

and these are skilled white men in their 30s,

a to su obučeni muškarci bele rase u svojim 30im,

so imagine the effects further down the food chain.

pa vi zamislite efekte u nižem delu lanca ishrane.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

The personal and economic consequences are devastating.

Lične i ekonomske posledice su poražavajuće.

Not one stereotype about older workers holds up under scrutiny.

Nijedan stereotip o starijim radnicima ne opstaje kad ga preispitate.

Companies aren't adaptable and creative because their employees are young;

Kompanije nisu fleksibilne ili kreativne zato što su im zaposleni mladi;

they're adaptable and creative despite it.

one su fleksibilne i kreativne uprkos tome.

Companies --

Kompanije -

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

We know that diverse companies aren't just better places to work;

Znamo da raznolike kompanije nisu samo bolje mesto za rad;

they work better.

one bolje rade.

And just like race and sex, age is a criterion for diversity.

I baš kao rasa i pol, i starost je kriterijum za raznolikost.

A growing body of fascinating research

Sve brojnija fascinantna istraživanja

shows that attitudes towards aging

pokazuju da odnos prema starenju

affect how our minds and bodies function at the cellular level.

utiče na to kako naši um i telo funkcionišu na ćelijskom nivou.

When we talk to older people like this (Speaks more loudly)

Kada sa starijima razgovaramo ovako (govori glasnije)

ili ih zovemo ''slatka'' ili ''mlada damo'' -

or call them "sweetie" or "young lady" --

it's called elderspeak --

to se zove govor starijih -

they appear to instantly age,

izgleda kao da momentalno ostare,

walking and talking less competently.

hodaju i govore manje kompetentno.

People with more positive feelings towards aging

Ljudi sa pozitivnijim osećanjima prema starenju

walk faster,

hodaju brže,

they do better on memory tests,

uspešniji su na testovima memorije,

they heal quicker, and they live longer.

brže se leče i žive duže.

Even with brains full of plaques and tangles,

Čak i sa mozgovima punim naslaga i čvorova,

some people stayed sharp to the end.

neki ljudi ostaju bistri do kraja.

What did they have in common?

Šta im je zajedničko?

A sense of purpose.

Osećaj svrhe.

And what's the biggest obstacle to having a sense of purpose in late life?

A šta je najveća prepreka osećaju svrhe u kasnijem životu?

A culture that tells us that getting older means shuffling offstage.

Kultura koja nam govori da stariti znači sići sa scene.

That's why the World Health Organization is developing

Zato Svetska zdravstvena organizacija razvija

a global anti-ageism initiative

globalnu inicijativu protiv starosne diskriminacije

to extend not just life span but health span.

kako bi se produžio ne samo životni vek već i zdravstveni.

Women experience the double whammy

Žene doživljavaju dvostruki udarac

of ageism and sexism,

starosne i polne diskriminacije,

so we experience aging differently.

tako da mi starenje doživljavamo drugačije.

There's a double standard at work here -- shocker --

Ovde funkcionišu dupli standardi - zamislite -

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

the notion that aging enhances men and devalues women.

utisak da starenje poboljšava muškarce, a obezvređuje žene.

Women reinforce this double standard when we compete to stay young,

Žene pojačavaju ovaj dupli standard kada se takmiče da ostanu mlade,

another punishing and losing proposition.

još jedna kažnjavajuća i poražavajuća propozicija.

Does any woman in this room really believe

Da li i jedna žena u ovoj prostoriji veruje

that she is a lesser version --

da je lošija verzija -

less interesting, less fun in bed, less valuable --

manje interesantna, manje zabavna u krevetu, manje vredna -

than the woman she once was?

od žene kakva je nekada bila?

Ova diskriminacija utiče na naše zdravlje,

This discrimination affects our health,

our well-being and our income,

naše blagostanje i prihod,

and the effects add up over time.

a efekti se vremenom gomilaju.

They are further compounded by race and by class,

Oni se dalje ujedinjuju sa rasom i klasom,

which is why, everywhere in the world,

zbog čega su, svuda u svetu,

the poorest of the poor are old women of color.

najsiromašnije stare žene obojene kože.

What's the takeaway from that map?

Šta treba zapamtiti sa te mape?

By 2050, one out of five of us,

Do 2050, jedna od nas pet,

almost two billion people,

skoro dve milijarde ljudi,

will be age 60 and up.

će imati 60 i više godina.

Longevity is a fundamental hallmark of human progress.

Dugovečnost je osnovni žig ljudskog napretka.

All these older people represent a vast unprecedented and untapped market.

Svi stariji ljudi predstavljaju ogromno, jedinstveno i neiskorišćeno tržište.

And yet, capitalism and urbanization have propelled age bias

A ipak su kapitalizam i urbanizacija uvukli starosnu predrasudu

into every corner of the globe,

u svaku poru zemljine kugle,

from Switzerland, where elders fare the best,

od Švajcarske, gde stariji prolaze najbolje,

to Afghanistan, which sits at the bottom of the Global AgeWatch Index.

do Avganistana koji sedi na dnu Global AgeWatch Index-a.

Half of the world's countries aren't mentioned on that list

Polovina svetskih zemalja nije pomenuta na toj listi

because we don't bother to collect data on millions of people

jer nam nije važno da sakupljamo podatke o milionima ljudi

because they're no longer young.

jer oni više nisu mladi.

Almost two-thirds of people over 60 around the world

Skoro dve trećine ljudi preko 60 godina širom sveta

say they have trouble accessing healthcare.

kažu da imaju problema sa dobijanjem zdravstven nege.

Almost three-quarters say their income doesn't cover basic services

Skoro tri četvrtine kažu da njihov prihod ne pokriva osnovne potrebe

like food, water, electricity, and decent housing.

kao što su hrana, struja i pristojno opremljen dom.

Is this the world we want our children, who may well live to be a hundred,

Da li je ovo svet koji želimo da naša deca koja vrlo lako mogu živeti sto godina,

to inherit?

naslede?

Everyone -- all ages, all genders, all nationalities --

Svi - sve starosti, svi polovi, sve nacionalnosti -

is old or future-old,

su stari ili će biti stari,

and unless we put an end to it, ageism will oppress us all.

i ukoliko je ne zaustavimo, starosna diskriminacija će nas sve ugnjetavati.

And that makes it a perfect target for collective advocacy.

A to je čini savršenom metom kolektivnog zalaganja.

Why add another -ism to the list when so many, racism in particular,

Zašto dodati još diskriminacije na listu, kada toliko njih, posebno rasizam,

call out for action?

zove upomoć?

Here's the thing:

Ovako stoje stvari:

we don't have to choose.

ne moramo da biramo.

When we make the world a better place to grow old in,

Kada svet učinimo boljim mestom za starenje,

we make it a better place in which to be from somewhere else,

činimo ga i boljim mestom u kome možemo postojati,

to have a disability,

imati invaliditet,

to be queer, to be non-rich, to be non-white.

biti gej, ne biti bogati, ne biti beli.

And when we show up at all ages for whatever cause matters most to us --

I kada se, u bilo kom dobu, zalažemo za štagod nam bilo važno -

save the whales, save the democracy --

spašavati kitove, demokratiju -

we not only make that effort more effective,

ne samo da taj trud činimo efikasnijim,

we dismantle ageism in the process.

mi takođe razoružavamo starosnu diskriminaciju.

Longevity is here to stay.

Dugovečnost ostaje.

A movement to end ageism is underway.

Pokret za stopiranje starosne diskriminacije je na putu.

I'm in it, and I hope you will join me.

Ja sam u njemu i nadam se da ćete mi se pridružiti.

(Applause and cheers)

(Aplauz i klicanje)

Thank you. Let's do it! Let's do it!

Hvala. Hajde da to uradimo! Hajde da to uradimo!

(Applause)

(Aplauz)