How to practice safe sexting | Amy Adele Hasinoff

Prevodilac: Lidija Kacar Lektor: Tijana Mihajlović

People have been using media to talk about sex for a long time.

Ljudi već dugo koriste medije da govore o seksu.

Love letters, phone sex, racy Polaroids.

Ljubavna pisma, seks preko telefona, nepristojne fotografije polaroidom.

There's even a story of a girl who eloped with a man that she met over the telegraph

Postoji čak i priča o devojci koja je pobegla sa čovekom

kog je upoznala preko telegrafa 1886. godine.

in 1886.

Today we have sexting, and I am a sexting expert.

Danas imamo seksting, a ja sam ekspert za seksting.

Not an expert sexter.

Ne ekspert u sekstingu.

Though, I do know what this means -- I think you do too.

Mada, znam šta to znači, a mislim da i vi znate, takođe.

[it's a penis]

[To je penis]

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

I have been studying sexting since the media attention to it began in 2008.

Proučavala sam seksting od kada je privukao pažnju medija 2008. godine.

I wrote a book on the moral panic about sexting.

Napisala sam knjigu o moralnoj panici koja se tiče ovakvih poruka.

And here's what I found:

Evo šta sam zaključila -

most people are worrying about the wrong thing.

većina ljudi brine o pogrešnoj stvari.

They're trying to just prevent sexting from happening entirely.

Oni pokušavaju da spreče seksting u potpunosti.

But let me ask you this:

Ali, hajde da vas pitam ovo:

As long as it's completely consensual, what's the problem with sexting?

dok god su obe strane pristale na njega, šta je problem sa sekstingom?

People are into all sorts of things that you may not be into,

Ljudima se dopadaju različite stvari koje se možda ne dopadaju vama,

like blue cheese or cilantro.

kao što je plavi sir ili korijander.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Sexting is certainly risky, like anything that's fun,

Seksting je rizičan, kao i bilo šta drugo što je zabavno,

but as long as you're not sending an image to someone who doesn't want to receive it,

ali dok god ne šaljete slike nekome ko ne želi da ih primi,

there's no harm.

nema štete.

What I do think is a serious problem

Ono što mislim da je ozbiljan problem

is when people share private images of others

jeste kada ljudi dele privatne slike drugih

without their permission.

bez njihove dozvole.

And instead of worrying about sexting,

Umesto da se brinemo oko sekstinga,

what I think we need to do is think a lot more about digital privacy.

mislim da treba da mislimo više o digitalnoj privatnosti.

The key is consent.

Ključ je saglasnost.

Right now most people are thinking about sexting

Trenutno većina ljudi misli o sekstingu

without really thinking about consent at all.

bez stvarnog razmišljanja o saglasnosti.

Did you know that we currently criminalize teen sexting?

Da li ste znali da je trenutno seksting među tinejdžerima krivično delo?

It can be a crime because it counts as child pornography,

To može da bude krivično delo jer se računa u dečiju pornografiju

if there's an image of someone under 18,

ako postoji slika nekoga ispod 18 godina

and it doesn't even matter

i uopšte nije važno

if they took that image of themselves and shared it willingly.

da li su sami fotografisali sebe i podelili je svojom voljom.

So we end up with this bizarre legal situation

Tako da dolazimo do ove bizarne pravne situacije

where two 17-year-olds can legally have sex in most US states

gde dva sedamnaestogodišnjaka mogu legalno da imaju seks u većini američkih država,

but they can't photograph it.

ali ne mogu da ga fotografišu.

Some states have also tried passing sexting misdemeanor laws

Neke države su, takođe, pokušale da seksting podvedu pod prekršajni zakon,

but these laws repeat the same problem

ali ovi zakoni ponavljaju isti problem

because they still make consensual sexting illegal.

zato što i dalje čine seksting za koji postoji saglasnost ilegalnim.

It doesn't make sense

Nema smisla pokušati da se zabrani sav seksting

to try to ban all sexting to try to address privacy violations.

da bi se odgovorilo na zloupotrebu privatnosti.

This is kind of like saying,

Ovo je slično kao da kažemo:

let's solve the problem of date rape by just making dating completely illegal.

„Hajde da rešimo problem silovanja na sastanku

ako jednostavno proglasimo sastanke potpuno ilegalnim.“

Most teens don't get arrested for sexting, but can you guess who does?

Većina tinejdžera ne bude uhapšena zbog sekstinga, ali pogodite koji budu?

It's often teens who are disliked by their partner's parents.

Uglavnom tinejdžeri koje ne vole roditelji njihovih partnera.

And this can be because of class bias, racism or homophobia.

Razlog može da bude u pripadanju klasi, rasizam ili homofobija.

Most prosecutors are, of course, smart enough

Većina progonitelja su, naravno, dovoljno pametni

not to use child pornography charges against teenagers, but some do.

da ne podnose tužbe za dečiju pornografiju protiv tinejdžera,

ali neki to i rade.

According to researchers at the University of New Hampshire

Prema istraživačima na Univerzitetu u Nju Hampširu,

seven percent of all child pornography possession arrests are teens,

sedam posto svih hapšenja zbog posedovanja dečije pornografije su tinejdžeri,

sexting consensually with other teens.

koji šalju poruke seksualne prirode drugim tinejdžerima uz saglasnost.

Child pornography is a serious crime,

Dečija pornografija je ozbiljno krivično delo,

but it's just not the same thing as teen sexting.

ali jednostavno nije isto kao seksting među tinejdžerima.

Parents and educators are also responding to sexting

Roditelji i nastavnici takođe odgovaraju na seksting

without really thinking too much about consent.

bez da su promislili o saglasnosti.

Their message to teens is often: just don't do it.

Njihova poruka tinejdžerima je uglavnom: „Samo nemojte to da radite.“

I ja to potpuno razumem - postoje ozbiljni pravni rizici

And I totally get it -- there are serious legal risks

and of course, that potential for privacy violations.

i, naravno, potencijalno kršenje privatnosti.

And when you were a teen,

Kada ste vi bili tinejdžeri,

I'm sure you did exactly as you were told, right?

sigurna sam da ste radili tačno ono što su vam rekli, zar ne?

You're probably thinking, my kid would never sext.

Verovatno mislite: „Moje dete nikada ne bi slalo takve poruke.“

And that's true, your little angel may not be sexting

To je tačno, vaš mali anđeo možda ne šalje takve poruke

because only 33 percent

jer samo 33% 16-godišnjaka i 17-godišnjaka šalje poruke seksualne prirode.

of 16- and 17-year-olds are sexting.

But, sorry, by the time they're older, odds are they will be sexting.

Ali, izvinite, kako budu stariji šanse su da će slati takve poruke.

Every study I've seen puts the rate above 50 percent for 18- to 24-year-olds.

Svako istraživanje koje sam videla

procenjuje broj na iznad 50% 18-godišnjaka i 24-godišnjaka.

And most of the time, nothing goes wrong.

U većini slučajeva ništa ne pođe po zlu.

People ask me all the time things like, isn't sexting just so dangerous, though?

Ljudi me svaki čas pitaju stvari poput: „Zar nije seksting veoma opasan, ipak?

It's like you wouldn't leave your wallet on a park bench

To je isto kao što ne biste ostavili novčanik na klupi u parku

and you expect it's going to get stolen if you do that, right?

i očekivali da ga niko ne ukrade ako to učinite, zar ne?“

Here's how I think about it:

Evo kako ja na to gledam -

sexting is like leaving your wallet at your boyfriend's house.

seksting je kao da ostavite novčanik kod kuće svog dečka.

If you come back the next day

Ako se vratite narednog dana

and all the money is just gone,

a sav novac je prosto iščezao,

you really need to dump that guy.

zaista treba da ostavite tog tipa.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

So instead of criminalizing sexting

Prema tome, umesto da seksting proglasimo krivičnim delom

to try to prevent these privacy violations,

da bismo pokušali da sprečimo ove povrede privatnosti,

instead we need to make consent central

umesto toga treba da saglasnost stavimo u centar

to how we think about the circulation of our private information.

toga kako razmišljamo o kruženju naših privatnih informacija.

Every new media technology raises privacy concerns.

Svaka nova tehnologija medija podiže brige o privatnosti.

In fact, in the US the very first major debates about privacy

Zapravo, u SAD prva velika debata o privatnosti

were in response to technologies that were relatively new at the time.

nastala je kao odgovor na tehnologije koje su bile relativno nove u to vreme.

In the late 1800s, people were worried about cameras,

Kasnih 1800-tih, ljudi su brinuli zbog fotoaparata,

which were just suddenly more portable than ever before,

koji su iznenada postali prenosivi više nego ikada,

and newspaper gossip columns.

i trač rubrika u novinama.

They were worried that the camera would capture information about them,

Brinuli su da će fotoaparati zabeležiti informacije o njima,

take it out of context and widely disseminate it.

iskoristiti ih van konteksta i raširiti ih svuda.

Does this sound familiar?

Da li vam ovo zvuči poznato?

It's exactly what we're worrying about now with social media and drone cameras,

To je upravo ono oko čega mi brinemo kada postoje društvene mreže, dronovi

and, of course, sexting.

i, naravno, seksting.

And these fears about technology,

Ovi strahovi oko tehnologije imaju smisla

they make sense

because technologies can amplify and bring out

zato što tehnologije mogu da prošire i iznesu na površinu

our worst qualities and behaviors.

naše najgore osobine i ponašanja.

But there are solutions.

Međutim, postoje rešenja.

And we've been here before with a dangerous new technology.

Bili smo već u ovoj poziciji sa opasnom novom tehnologijom.

In 1908, Ford introduced the Model T car.

Godine 1908, Ford je uveo automobil Model T.

Traffic fatality rates were rising.

Žrtve saobraćajnih nesreća su rasle.

It was a serious problem -- it looks so safe, right?

Bio je to ozbiljan problem. Delovao je prilično sigurno, zar ne?

Our first response was to try to change drivers' behavior,

Naš prvi odgovor je bio da pokušamo da promenimo ponašanje vozača,

so we developed speed limits and enforced them through fines.

pa smo uveli ograničenja brzine i sproveli smo ih uvođenjem kazni.

But over the following decades,

Međutim, tokom narednih decenija,

we started to realize the technology of the car itself is not just neutral.

shvatili smo da tehnologija automobila samog po sebi nije neutralna.

We could design the car to make it safer.

Možemo da dizajniramo auto tako da ga učinimo bezbednijim.

So in the 1920s, we got shatter-resistant windshields.

Tako smo u 1920. godini nabavili šoferšajbne otporne na lomljenje,

In the 1950s, seat belts.

u '50-im - pojaseve,

And in the 1990s, airbags.

a u '90-im - vazdušne jastuke.

All three of these areas:

Sve tri od ovih oblasti, zakoni, pojedinci i industrija,

laws, individuals and industry came together over time

vremenom su se spojile,

to help solve the problem that a new technology causes.

kako bi pomogle da se reši problem koji je nova tehnologija prouzrokovala.

And we can do the same thing with digital privacy.

Možemo to isto da učinimo sa digitalnom privatnosti.

Of course, it comes back to consent.

Naravno, sve se svodi na saglasnost.

Here's the idea.

Evo ideje.

Before anyone can distribute your private information,

Pre nego što bilo ko može da distribuira vašu privatnu informaciju,

they should have to get your permission.

mora da pribavi vašu dozvolu.

This idea of affirmative consent comes from anti-rape activists

Ideja afirmativne saglasnosti dolazi od aktivista koji se bore protiv silovanja

who tell us that we need consent for every sexual act.

koji nam kažu da je potrebna saglasnost za svaki seksualni čin.

And we have really high standards for consent in a lot of other areas.

I mi zaista imamo veoma visoke standarde za saglasnost u mnogim oblastima.

Think about having surgery.

Pogledajte operacije.

Your doctor has to make sure

Vaš doktor mora da bude siguran

that you are meaningfully and knowingly consenting to that medical procedure.

da ste se vi s razlogom i znanjem složili sa medicinskom procedurom.

This is not the type of consent like with an iTunes Terms of Service

Ovo nije tip saglasnosti kao uslovi korišćenja iTunes-a

gde se samo spustite do kraja stranice

where you just scroll to the bottom and you're like, agree, agree, whatever.

i pritiskate „slažem se“, „slažem se“, šta god.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

If we think more about consent, we can have better privacy laws.

Ako bliže razmislimo o saglasnosti,

možemo da imamo bolje zakone o privatnosti.

Right now, we just don't have that many protections.

Trenutno, jednostavno nemamo toliko mnogo zaštite.

If your ex-husband or your ex-wife is a terrible person,

Ako je vaš bivši muž ili vaša bivša žena odvratna osoba,

they can take your nude photos and upload them to a porn site.

oni mogu da vas fotografišu gole i da otpreme fotografije na porno sajt.

It can be really hard to get those images taken down.

Veoma je teško da se te fotografije uklone.

And in a lot of states,

U mnogim državama,

you're actually better off if you took the images of yourself

bolja je situacija ako ste te slike sami slikali

because then you can file a copyright claim.

zato što onda možete da se žalite zbog autorskih prava.

(Smeh)

(Laughter)

Right now, if someone violates your privacy,

Trenutno, ako neko krši vašu privatnost,

whether that's an individual or a company or the NSA,

bilo da se radi o pojedincu, kompaniji ili Nacionalnoj agenciji za sigurnost,

you can try filing a lawsuit,

možete da probate da podnesete tužbu,

though you may not be successful

iako vam možda neće uspeti

because many courts assume that digital privacy is just impossible.

jer mnogi sudovi pretpostavljaju da je digitalna privatnost nemoguća.

So they're not willing to punish anyone for violating it.

Zbog toga nisu spremni da kazne bilo koga ko je krši.

I still hear people asking me all the time,

I dalje me ljudi neprestano pitaju:

isn't a digital image somehow blurring the line between public and private

„Zar digitalna slika nekako ne zamagljuje liniju između javnog i privatnog

because it's digital, right?

jer je digitalna, zar ne?“

No! No!

Ne! Ne!

Everything digital is not just automatically public.

Sve što je digitalno nije automatski javno.

That doesn't make any sense.

To nema nikakvog smisla.

As NYU legal scholar Helen Nissenbaum tells us,

Kako kaže pravnica sa Univerziteta u Njujorku, Helen Nizenbaum:

we have laws and policies and norms

„Imamo zakone, politike i norme

that protect all kinds of information that's private,

koje štite sve vrste informacija koje su privatne,

and it doesn't make a difference if it's digital or not.

i nema razlike da li su digitalne ili ne.“

All of your health records are digitized

Vaši zdravstveni podaci su digitalizovani,

but your doctor can't just share them with anyone.

ali vaš doktor ne može da ih podeli sa bilo kim.

All of your financial information is held in digital databases,

Sve vaše finansijske informacije čuvaju se u digitalnim datotekama,

but your credit card company can't just post your purchase history online.

ali izdavalac vaše kreditne kartice ne sme da objavi vašu istoriju kupovine onlajn.

Better laws could help address privacy violations after they happen,

Bolji zakoni mogu da pomognu da se reaguje na kršenje privatnosti nakon što se desi,

but one of the easiest things we can all do is make personal changes

ali jedna od najlakših stvari je da svi napravimo lične promene

to help protect each other's privacy.

koje će pomoći da zaštitimo privatnost jedni drugima.

We're always told that privacy

Uvek nam govore da privatnost

is our own, sole, individual responsibility.

jeste naša jedina, pojedinačna odgovornost.

We're told, constantly monitor and update your privacy settings.

Govore nam: „Neprekidno nadgledajte i ažurirajte podešavanja privatnosti.“

We're told, never share anything you wouldn't want the entire world to see.

Govore nam: „Nikad nemojte deliti ništa što ne želite da ceo svet vidi.“

This doesn't make sense.

Ovo nema nikakvog smisla.

Digital media are social environments

Digitalni mediji su društveno okruženje

and we share things with people we trust all day, every day.

i mi delimo stvari sa ljudima kojima verujemo celog dana, svakog dana.

As Princeton researcher Janet Vertesi argues,

Kao istraživač na Prinstonu, Dženet Vertesi tvrdi:

our data and our privacy, they're not just personal,

„Naši podaci i naša privatnost nisu samo lični;

they're actually interpersonal.

oni su zapravo interpersonalni.“

And so one thing you can do that's really easy

Dakle, jedna stvar koju možete da uradite koja je prilično laka

is just start asking for permission before you share anyone else's information.

jeste da počnete da pitate za dozvolu pre nego što podelite tuđu informaciju.

If you want to post a photo of someone online, ask for permission.

Ako hoćete da postavite fotografiju nekoga onlajn, pitajte za dozvolu.

If you want to forward an email thread,

Ako želite da prosledite prepisku imejlom,

ask for permission.

pitajte za dozvolu.

And if you want to share someone's nude selfie,

I ako želite da podelite nečiji goli selfi,

obviously, ask for permission.

očigledno je, pitajte za dozvolu.

These individual changes can really help us protect each other's privacy,

Ove pojedinačne promene zaista mogu pomoći da zaštitimo privatnost jedni drugima,

but we need technology companies on board as well.

ali potrebne su nam i kompanije koje se bave razvijanjem tehnologije.

These companies have very little incentive to help protect our privacy

Ove kompanije nemaju dovoljan podsticaj da zaštite našu privatnost

because their business models depend on us sharing everything

zbog toga što njihovi poslovni modeli zavise od toga što mi delimo sve

with as many people as possible.

sa što više ljudi je moguće.

Right now, if I send you an image,

U ovom trenutku, ako vam pošaljem sliku,

you can forward that to anyone that you want.

vi to možete da prosledite bilo kome kome vi želite.

But what if I got to decide if that image was forwardable or not?

Međutim, šta ako bih mogla da odlučim da li ta slika može da se prosleđuje?

This would tell you, you don't have my permission to send this image out.

To bi vam reklo: „Nemate moju dozvolu da ovu sliku prosledite dalje.“

We do this kind of thing all the time to protect copyright.

Nešto slično tome radimo sve vreme kako bismo zaštitili autorska prava.

If you buy an e-book, you can't just send it out to as many people as you want.

Ako kupite elektronsku knjigu, ne možete prosto da je prosledite kome god želite.

So why not try this with mobile phones?

Zašto ne bismo probali isto sa telefonima?

What you can do is we can demand that tech companies add these protections

Ono što možemo da uradimo je da zahtevamo da kompanije dodaju ovakvu zaštitu

to our devices and our platforms as the default.

na naše uređaje i naše platforme kao podrazumevanu opciju.

After all, you can choose the color of your car,

Uostalom, možete da birate boju svog auta,

but the airbags are always standard.

ali vazdušni jastuci su uvek standardni.

If we don't think more about digital privacy and consent,

Ako ne razmišljamo više o digitalnoj privatnosti i saglasnosti,

there can be serious consequences.

biće ozbiljnih posledica.

There was a teenager from Ohio --

Postoji slučaj sa tinejdžerkom iz Ohaja -

let's call her Jennifer, for the sake of her privacy.

zvaćemo je Dženifer zarad njene privatnosti.

She shared nude photos of herself with her high school boyfriend,

Ona je podelila svoje gole slike sa svojim srednjoškolskim dečkom,

thinking she could trust him.

misleći da može da mu veruje.

Unfortunately, he betrayed her

Nažalost, on ju je izdao

and sent her photos around the entire school.

i poslao njene fotografije celoj školi.

Jennifer was embarrassed and humiliated,

Dženifer je bila osramoćena i ponižena,

but instead of being compassionate, her classmates harassed her.

ali umesto da pokažu saosećanje, njeni drugari iz škole su je maltretirali.

They called her a slut and a whore

Zvali su je droljom i kurvom

and they made her life miserable.

i zagorčali su joj život.

Jennifer started missing school and her grades dropped.

Dženifer je počela da izostaje iz škole i to se odrazilo na njene ocene.

Ultimately, Jennifer decided to end her own life.

Na kraju, Dženifer je odlučila da okonča svoj život.

Jennifer did nothing wrong.

Dženifer nije učinila ništa pogrešno.

All she did was share a nude photo

Ona je samo podelila svoje gole fotografije

with someone she thought that she could trust.

sa nekim za koga je mislila da može da mu veruje.

And yet our laws tell her

Ipak joj naši zakoni govore

that she committed a horrible crime equivalent to child pornography.

da je učinila užasan zločin jednak dečijoj pornografiji.

Our gender norms tell her

Rodne norme joj govore

that by producing this nude image of herself,

da time što je načinila ove gole fotografije sebe

she somehow did the most horrible, shameful thing.

ona je na neki način učinila najgoru, sramnu stvar.

And when we assume that privacy is impossible in digital media,

Kada pretpostavimo da privatnost nije moguća u digitalnom medijumu,

we completely write off and excuse her boyfriend's bad, bad behavior.

mi potpuno brišemo i opravdavamo loše ponašanje njenog dečka.

People are still saying all the time to victims of privacy violations,

Ljudi i dalje sve vreme govore žrtvama čija je privatnost narušena:

"What were you thinking?

„Na šta si mislila?

You should have never sent that image."

Nisi trebalo da pošalješ tu fotografiju.“

If you're trying to figure out what to say instead, try this.

Ako pokušavate da smislite šta treba da kažete, pokušajte ovo.

Imagine you've run into your friend who broke their leg skiing.

Zamislite da ste sreli prijatelja koji je polomio nogu skijajući.

They took a risk to do something fun, and it didn't end well.

Rizikovao je radi zabave i nije se završilo kako treba.

But you're probably not going to be the jerk who says,

Najverovatnije nećete biti kreten i reći:

"Well, I guess you shouldn't have gone skiing then."

„Pa, pretpostavljam da onda nije ni trebalo da ideš na skijanje.“

If we think more about consent,

Ako razmišljamo više o saglasnosti,

we can see that victims of privacy violations

videćemo da žrtve čija je privatnost narušena

deserve our compassion,

zaslužuju naše saosećanje,

not criminalization, shaming, harassment or punishment.

ne da ih posmatramo kao kriminalce,

da ih ponižavamo, maltretiramo ili kažnjavamo.

We can support victims, and we can prevent some privacy violations

Možemo da podržimo žrtve i možemo da sprečimo neka kršenja privatnosti

by making these legal, individual and technological changes.

tako što ćemo načiniti ove legalne, pojedinačne i tehnološke promene.

Because the problem is not sexting, the issue is digital privacy.

Jer problem nije u slanju ovih poruka, problem je u digitalnoj privatnosti,

And one solution is consent.

a jedno rešenje je saglasnost.

So the next time a victim of a privacy violation comes up to you,

Prema tome, sledeći put kada žrtva čija je privatnost narušena dođe kod vas,

instead of blaming them, let's do this instead:

umesto da ih okrivimo, hajde da uradimo ovo -

let's shift our ideas about digital privacy,

hajde da promenimo naše ideje o digitalnoj privatnosti

and let's respond with compassion.

i hajde da odgovorimo sa saosećanjem.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)