How to practice safe sexting | Amy Adele Hasinoff

Prevoditelj: Senzos Osijek Recezent: Ivan Stamenković

People have been using media to talk about sex for a long time.

Ljudi već duže vrijeme koriste medije kako bi govorili o seksu.

Love letters, phone sex, racy Polaroids.

Ljubavne poruke, telefonski seks, provokativne slike.

There's even a story of a girl who eloped with a man that she met over the telegraph

Postoji i priča o djevojci koja je pobjegla s muškarcem upoznavši ga preko telegrafa

in 1886.

1886. godine

Today we have sexting, and I am a sexting expert.

Danas imamo seksualno dopisivanje, i ja sam stručnjak za seksualno dopisivanje.

Not an expert sexter.

Ne profesionalac u seksualnom dopisivanju.

Though, I do know what this means -- I think you do too.

Iako, ja znam što to znači-- također mislim da i vi znate.

[it's a penis]

(to je penis)

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

I have been studying sexting since the media attention to it began in 2008.

Proučavam seksualno dopisivanje od kada je privuklo medijsku pozornost 2008. godine.

I wrote a book on the moral panic about sexting.

Napisala sam knjigu o moralnoj panici seksualnog dopisivanja.

And here's what I found:

I evo što sam saznala:

most people are worrying about the wrong thing.

većina ljudi je zabrinuta oko pogrešnih stvari.

They're trying to just prevent sexting from happening entirely.

Oni pokušavaju spriječiti potpuno pojavljivanje seksualnog dopisivanja.

But let me ask you this:

Ali dopustite mi da vas pitam:

As long as it's completely consensual, what's the problem with sexting?

Ako je to potpuno dogovoreno, u čemu je problem sa seksualnim dopisivanjem?

People are into all sorts of things that you may not be into,

Ljudi vole razne stvari koje vi ne volite,

like blue cheese or cilantro.

poput pljesnivog sira ili korijandera

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

Sexting is certainly risky, like anything that's fun,

Seksualno dopisivanje je riskantno, kao i sve što je zabavno,

but as long as you're not sending an image to someone who doesn't want to receive it,

ali dokle god ne šaljete slike nekome tko ih ne želi primati,

there's no harm.

nema štete.

What I do think is a serious problem

Ono što ja vidim kao ozbiljan problem

is when people share private images of others

je kada ljudi dijele privatne slike drugih ljudi,

without their permission.

bez njihovog dopuštenja.

And instead of worrying about sexting,

I umjesto da se brinemo oko seksualnog dopisivanja,

what I think we need to do is think a lot more about digital privacy.

osobno mislim da bismo trebali, više razmišljati o digitalnoj privatnosti.

The key is consent.

Ključ je u pristanku.

Right now most people are thinking about sexting

Upravo sada većina ljudi razmišlja o seksualnom dopisivanju

without really thinking about consent at all.

bez da zapravo uopće razmišlja o pristancima.

Did you know that we currently criminalize teen sexting?

Jeste li znali da kriminaliziramo adolescentno seksualno dopisivanje?

It can be a crime because it counts as child pornography,

To može biti zločin zato što se to gleda kao dječja pornografija

if there's an image of someone under 18,

ako je prisutna slika maloljetne osobe.

and it doesn't even matter

i čak je nevažno to što

if they took that image of themselves and shared it willingly.

su sami sebe uslikali i rado podijelili sliku.

So we end up with this bizarre legal situation

Stanimo na kraj toj legalnoj, ali bizarnoj situaciji

where two 17-year-olds can legally have sex in most US states

gdje se dva sedamnaestogodišnjaka mogu legalno seksati u većini SAD-a

but they can't photograph it.

ali to ne smiju slikati.

Some states have also tried passing sexting misdemeanor laws

Neke su države pokušale preteći seksualno dopisivanje prekršajnim zakonima

but these laws repeat the same problem

ali ti zakoni ponavljaju isti problem

because they still make consensual sexting illegal.

jer još uvijek čine dogovorene seksualne poruke ilegalnima.

It doesn't make sense

Nema smisla

to try to ban all sexting to try to address privacy violations.

pokušavati zabraniti seksualne poruke kako bi se oslovilo narušavanje privatnosti.

This is kind of like saying,

To je kao da kažemo,

let's solve the problem of date rape by just making dating completely illegal.

hajdemo riješiti problem silovanja tako što ćemo spojeve učiniti ilegalnima.

Most teens don't get arrested for sexting, but can you guess who does?

Većina adolescenata ne bude uhićena zbog seksualnog dopisivanja, pogodite tko bude?

It's often teens who are disliked by their partner's parents.

To su većinom adolescenti koji nisu omiljeni u očima roditelja svojih partnera.

And this can be because of class bias, racism or homophobia.

I to može biti zbog klasne pripadnosti, rasizma ili homofobije.

Most prosecutors are, of course, smart enough

većina prigovarača su, naravno, dovoljno pametni

not to use child pornography charges against teenagers, but some do.

da ne koriste optužbe za dječju pornografiju protiv adolescenata, ali neki i to rade.

According to researchers at the University of New Hampshire

Prema istraživačima sa Sveučilišta u New Hampshireu

seven percent of all child pornography possession arrests are teens,

7 posto uhićenika zbog posjedovanja dječje pornografije su adolescenti

sexting consensually with other teens.

koji se seksualno dopisuju s drugim adolescentima

Child pornography is a serious crime,

Dječja pornografija je ozbiljan zločin,

but it's just not the same thing as teen sexting.

ali to jednostavno nije isto što i adolescentno seksualno dopisivanje.

Parents and educators are also responding to sexting

Roditelji i odgojitelji također pristupaju seksualnom dopisivanju

without really thinking too much about consent.

bez da zapravo razmišljaju o pristanku.

Their message to teens is often: just don't do it.

Njihove poruke adolescentima su često: jednostavno nemojte to činiti.

And I totally get it -- there are serious legal risks

I ja to potpuno razumijem - postoji ozbiljan zakonski rizik

and of course, that potential for privacy violations.

i, naravno, potencijalno narušavanje privatnosti.

And when you were a teen,

I kada ste vi bili adolescenti

I'm sure you did exactly as you were told, right?

sigurna sam da ste radili točno ono što vam je bilo rečeno, zar ne?

You're probably thinking, my kid would never sext.

Vjerojatno razmišljate, moje dijete ne bi nikada poslalo takvu poruku.

And that's true, your little angel may not be sexting

I to je istina, vaš mali anđeo se možda ne dopisuje seksualno

because only 33 percent

jer se samo 33 posto

of 16- and 17-year-olds are sexting.

16 i 17 godišnjaka seksualno dopisuje.

But, sorry, by the time they're older, odds are they will be sexting.

Ali, postaju stariji i sve su veći izgledi da se počnu sekusalno dopisivati.

Every study I've seen puts the rate above 50 percent for 18- to 24-year-olds.

Sva istraživanja pokazuju stopu iznad 50 posto za dob od 18 do 24 godine.

And most of the time, nothing goes wrong.

Većinu vremena, ništa ne pođe po zlu.

People ask me all the time things like, isn't sexting just so dangerous, though?

Ljudi me stalno pitaju pitanja poput, nije li seksualno dopisivanje opasno?

It's like you wouldn't leave your wallet on a park bench

To je kao što ne biste ostavili svoj novčanik na klupi u prarku

and you expect it's going to get stolen if you do that, right?

i očekivali da će biti ukraden ako to napravite, zar ne?

Here's how I think about it:

Ovako ja gledam na to:

sexting is like leaving your wallet at your boyfriend's house.

seksualno dopisivanje je kao ostavljanje novčanika u kući svoga dečka.

If you come back the next day

Ako dođete nazad sljedeći dan

and all the money is just gone,

i sav novac odjednom nestane,

you really need to dump that guy.

stvarno trebate otpiliti tipa.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

So instead of criminalizing sexting

Umjesto kriminalizacije seksualnog dopisivanja

to try to prevent these privacy violations,

kao načina prevencije narušavanja privatnosti,

instead we need to make consent central

trebamo napraviti pristanak orijentiran

to how we think about the circulation of our private information.

na to kako razmišljamo o kretanju naših privatnih informacija.

Every new media technology raises privacy concerns.

Svaka nova medijska tehnologija stvara zabrinutost oko privatnosti.

In fact, in the US the very first major debates about privacy

U stvari, u SAD-u svaka prva veća rasprava oko privatnosti

were in response to technologies that were relatively new at the time.

je bila zbog tehnologije koje su relativno nove

In the late 1800s, people were worried about cameras,

U kasnim 1800-tim ljudi su bili zabrinutu zbog kamera,

which were just suddenly more portable than ever before,

koje su iznenada postale lakše prenosive nego ikada prije,

and newspaper gossip columns.

i novinarskih kolumna s tračevima.

They were worried that the camera would capture information about them,

Bili su zabrinuti da bi kamera mogla uhvatiti informacije o njima

take it out of context and widely disseminate it.

izvan konteksta i raširiti ih.

Does this sound familiar?

Zvuči li vam to poznato?

It's exactly what we're worrying about now with social media and drone cameras,

To je upravo ono čega se bojimo sada s društvenim mrežama i kamerama

and, of course, sexting.

i seksualnim dopisivanjem.

And these fears about technology,

I svi ti strahovi oko tehnologije,

they make sense

imaju smisla

because technologies can amplify and bring out

jer tehnologija može pojačati i izvući

our worst qualities and behaviors.

Naše najgore kvalitete i ponašanje.

But there are solutions.

Ali postoje izlazi.

And we've been here before with a dangerous new technology.

I prije smo se susreli s opasnom novom tehnologijom.

In 1908, Ford introduced the Model T car.

1908. g. Ford je uveo model T auta.

Traffic fatality rates were rising.

broj prometnih udesa je drastično porastao.

It was a serious problem -- it looks so safe, right?

To je bio težak problem- izgleda tako sigurno, istina?

Our first response was to try to change drivers' behavior,

Naš prvi korak bio je, idemo promijeniti ponašanje vozača,

so we developed speed limits and enforced them through fines.

pa smo uveli ograničenje brzine I prisilili ih kaznama.

But over the following decades,

Ali krajem prošlog desetljeća,

we started to realize the technology of the car itself is not just neutral.

počeli smo shvaćati tehnologiju auta, ona nije tako neutralna.

We could design the car to make it safer.

Mogli smo dizajnirati auto da bude sigurniji.

So in the 1920s, we got shatter-resistant windshields.

Tako da smo u 1920-ima, dobili nelomljiva vjetrobranska stakla.

In the 1950s, seat belts.

U 50-ima, pojaseve za sjedala.

And in the 1990s, airbags.

I konačno u 90-ima, zračne jastuke.

All three of these areas:

Sva ta tri područja:

laws, individuals and industry came together over time

zakon, pojedinci i industrija, zajedno su tijekom vremena

to help solve the problem that a new technology causes.

pomogli riješiti problem koji je nova tehnologija prouzrokovala.

And we can do the same thing with digital privacy.

I mi možemo učiniti istu stvar s digitalnom privatnošću.

Of course, it comes back to consent.

Naravno, to se vraća na pristanak.

Here's the idea.

Evo ideje.

Before anyone can distribute your private information,

Prije nego bilo tko može koristiti vaše privatne informacije

they should have to get your permission.

trebao bi imati vaš pristanak.

This idea of affirmative consent comes from anti-rape activists

Ta ideja dobrovoljnog pristanka dolazi od aktivista protiv silovanja

who tell us that we need consent for every sexual act.

koji nam kažu da trebamo pristanak za svaki seksualni čin.

And we have really high standards for consent in a lot of other areas.

I imamo stvarno visoke standarde za pristanak u mnogim drugim područjima.

Think about having surgery.

Razmislite samo o postupku operacije.

Your doctor has to make sure

Vaš liječnik mora biti siguran

that you are meaningfully and knowingly consenting to that medical procedure.

da ste vi pri zdravom razumu i svjesno pristajete na medicinske zahvate.

This is not the type of consent like with an iTunes Terms of Service

To nije tip pristanka kao s nekim “ iTunes“ uvijetima usluga

where you just scroll to the bottom and you're like, agree, agree, whatever.

gdje samo prelistate do dna i samo klikate, pristajem, pristajem, štogod.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

If we think more about consent, we can have better privacy laws.

Ako više razmislimo o pristanku, možemo imati bolje zakone o privatnosti.

Right now, we just don't have that many protections.

Upravo sada, mi jednostavno nemamo toliko puno zaštita.

If your ex-husband or your ex-wife is a terrible person,

Ako je vaš bivši muž ili bivša žena grozna osoba,

they can take your nude photos and upload them to a porn site.

mogu uzeti vaše golišave slike i objaviti ih na porno stranicama.

It can be really hard to get those images taken down.

I može biti zaista teško maknuti te slike s te stranice.

And in a lot of states,

I u mnogim državama,

you're actually better off if you took the images of yourself

je zapravo bolje ako se sami slikate

because then you can file a copyright claim.

zato što tada možete zahtjevati autorska prava.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

Right now, if someone violates your privacy,

Sada, ako netko napadne vašu privatnost,

whether that's an individual or a company or the NSA,

tko god ta osoba ili tvrtka bila ili čak NSA

you can try filing a lawsuit,

možete pokušati pokrenuti parnicu,

though you may not be successful

iako možda nećete biti uspješni

because many courts assume that digital privacy is just impossible.

jer mnogi sudovi smatraju da je digitalna privatnost nemoguća.

So they're not willing to punish anyone for violating it.

I tako ne žele kazniti nikoga za njezino kršenje.

I still hear people asking me all the time,

Ljudi me i dalje pitaju cijelo vrijeme

isn't a digital image somehow blurring the line between public and private

nije li digitalna slika nekako zamućena linija između javnog i privatnog

because it's digital, right?

zato što je digitalna, zar ne?

No! No!

Ne! Ne!

Everything digital is not just automatically public.

Sve što je digitalno nije jednostavno automatski javno.

That doesn't make any sense.

To nema nikakvog smisla.

As NYU legal scholar Helen Nissenbaum tells us,

Kao što NYU stipendist prava Helen Nissenbaum kaže,

we have laws and policies and norms

imamo zakone i politiku i propise

that protect all kinds of information that's private,

da zaštite svaku vrstu informacije koja je privatna,

and it doesn't make a difference if it's digital or not.

i nema nikakve razlike je li ona digitalna ili nije.

All of your health records are digitized

Svi vaši zdravstveni kartoni su digitalizirani

but your doctor can't just share them with anyone.

ali ga vaš liječnik ne može samo tako podijeliti s bilo kime.

All of your financial information is held in digital databases,

Sve vaše financijske informacije su sadržane u digitalnoj bazi podataka

but your credit card company can't just post your purchase history online.

ali vaša banka ne može samo tako objaviti vaše podatke na internetu.

Better laws could help address privacy violations after they happen,

Bolji zakoni mogu pomoći u rješavanju narušene privatnosti nakon što se dogodi

but one of the easiest things we can all do is make personal changes

ali jedna od najjednostavnijih stvari koju možemo napraviti su osobne promjene

to help protect each other's privacy.

kako bismo pomogli zaštititi privatnost jedni drugima.

We're always told that privacy

Uvijek nam se govori da je privatnost

is our own, sole, individual responsibility.

naša osobna, jedina, individualna odgovornost.

We're told, constantly monitor and update your privacy settings.

Rečeno nam je da imamo stalni nadzor I ažuriramo postavke privatnosti.

We're told, never share anything you wouldn't want the entire world to see.

Rečeno nam je da nikada ne dijelimo ništa što ne bismo htjeli da cijeli svijet vidi.

This doesn't make sense.

To nema smisla.

Digital media are social environments

Digitalni mediji su socijalno okružje

and we share things with people we trust all day, every day.

i mi dijelimo sadržaje s ljudima kojima vjerujemo, cijeli dan, svaki dan.

As Princeton researcher Janet Vertesi argues,

Kao što je istraživač na Princetonu Janet Vertesi ustvrdio

our data and our privacy, they're not just personal,

naši podatci i naša privatnost oni nisu samo osobni,

they're actually interpersonal.

oni su zapravo između više osoba.

And so one thing you can do that's really easy

I jednino što zapravo možete učiniti je zapravo stvarno jednostavno

is just start asking for permission before you share anyone else's information.

je samo početi pitati za dopuštenje prije nego podijelite informacije druge osobe.

If you want to post a photo of someone online, ask for permission.

Ako želite postaviti sliku nekoga na internet, pitajte za dopuštenje.

If you want to forward an email thread,

Ako želite proslijediti neki email,

ask for permission.

pitajte za dopuštenje.

And if you want to share someone's nude selfie,

I ako želite podijeliti nečiji goli selfie

obviously, ask for permission.

Očito, pitajte za dopuštenje.

These individual changes can really help us protect each other's privacy,

Ove osobne promjene mogu nam zaista pomoći zaštititi privatnosti drugih osoba,

but we need technology companies on board as well.

ali trebamo jednako tako uključiti i tehnološke tvrtke.

These companies have very little incentive to help protect our privacy

Te tvrtke imaju vrlo malo poticaja da pomognu zaštititi našu privatnost

because their business models depend on us sharing everything

jer njihovi poslovni modeli ovise o našem dijeljenju svega

with as many people as possible.

Sa što je moguće više ljudi.

Right now, if I send you an image,

Upravo sada, ako vam pošaljem neku sliku

you can forward that to anyone that you want.

možete ju onda proslijediti bilo kome.

But what if I got to decide if that image was forwardable or not?

Ali što ako sam mogla odlučivati je li ta slika dopuštena za proslijeđivanje ili ne?

This would tell you, you don't have my permission to send this image out.

Obavjestilo bi vas, ti nemaš njeno dopuštenje da pošalješ tu sliku.

We do this kind of thing all the time to protect copyright.

Mi to radimo takvo što cijelo vrijeme kako bismo zaštitili autorska prava.

If you buy an e-book, you can't just send it out to as many people as you want.

Ako kupite neku e knjigu, vi ju ne možete poslati bilo kome tko vam padne na pamet.

So why not try this with mobile phones?

Zašto to ne bismo probali s mobitelima?

What you can do is we can demand that tech companies add these protections

Ono što vi možete napraviti je da tražite da ta tvrtka stavi zaštitu

to our devices and our platforms as the default.

na vaš uređaj i vaše platforme kao tvorničke postavke.

After all, you can choose the color of your car,

Nakon svega, vi možete birati boju auta,

but the airbags are always standard.

Ali zračni jastuci su uvijek standardni.

If we don't think more about digital privacy and consent,

Ako ne počnemo razmišljati više o digitalnoj privatnosti i pristancima

there can be serious consequences.

Mogu nastati ozbiljne posljedice.

There was a teenager from Ohio --

Bila je jedna adolescentica iz Ohio-a

let's call her Jennifer, for the sake of her privacy.

nazovimo ju Jennifer, radi njene privatnosti.

She shared nude photos of herself with her high school boyfriend,

Ona je dijelila gole fotografije sebe s njenim srednjoškolskim dečkom,

thinking she could trust him.

Misleći da mu može vjerovati.

Unfortunately, he betrayed her

Nažalost, iznevjerio ju je

and sent her photos around the entire school.

i poslao njene fotografije cijeloj školi.

Jennifer was embarrassed and humiliated,

Jennifer je bila osramoćena i ponižena,

but instead of being compassionate, her classmates harassed her.

ali umjesto da budu suosjećajni njeni kolege iz razreda su ju ismijavali.

They called her a slut and a whore

Zvali su ju droljom i kurvom

and they made her life miserable.

I učinili su joj život jadnim.

Jennifer started missing school and her grades dropped.

Jennifer je počela izostajati iz škole i njene ocjene su pale.

Ultimately, Jennifer decided to end her own life.

Na kraju, Jennifer je odlučila okončati vlastiti život.

Jennifer did nothing wrong.

Jennifer nije ništa pogrešno učinila.

All she did was share a nude photo

Sve što je učinila je dijeljenje golih fotografija

with someone she thought that she could trust.

s nekim za koga je mislila da može imati povjerenja.

And yet our laws tell her

I sada naši zakoni joj govore

that she committed a horrible crime equivalent to child pornography.

da je ona počinila užasan zločin jednak dječjoj pornografiji.

Our gender norms tell her

Naše spolne norme joj govore

that by producing this nude image of herself,

da je slikanjem tih goli fotografija same sebe

she somehow did the most horrible, shameful thing.

ona nekako napravila najveću i najgoru sramotu.

And when we assume that privacy is impossible in digital media,

I kada smo pretpostavili da je privatnost nemoguća u digitalnim medijima

we completely write off and excuse her boyfriend's bad, bad behavior.

mi smo potpuno otpisali i opravdali loše, loše ponašanje njenog dečka.

People are still saying all the time to victims of privacy violations,

Ljudi i dalje govore cijelo vrijeme žrtvama uznemiravanja privatnosti,

"What were you thinking?

„Što li si samo mislila?

You should have never sent that image."

Nisi nikada trebala poslati takve slike.“

If you're trying to figure out what to say instead, try this.

Ako pokušate shvatiti što reći umjesto toga, pokušajte ovo.

Imagine you've run into your friend who broke their leg skiing.

Zamislite da ste se zabili u prijatelja koji je slomio nogu na skijanju.

They took a risk to do something fun, and it didn't end well.

On je riskirao kako bi napravio nešto zabavno i to nije završilo najbolje.

But you're probably not going to be the jerk who says,

Ali vi vjerojatno niste bili kreten koji je rekao,

"Well, I guess you shouldn't have gone skiing then."

„Pa, ja mislim da nisi Trebao tada ići skijati .“

If we think more about consent,

Ako više razmislimo o pristanku,

we can see that victims of privacy violations

možemo vidjeti da žrtve narušavanja privatnosti

deserve our compassion,

zaslužuju naše suosjećanje,

not criminalization, shaming, harassment or punishment.

ne kriminalizaciju, sram, uznemiravanje ili kaznu.

We can support victims, and we can prevent some privacy violations

Mi možemo poduprijeti žrtve, i možemo spriječiti neka narušavanja privatnosti

by making these legal, individual and technological changes.

tako da to radimo legalno, te osobnim i tehnološkim promjenama.

Because the problem is not sexting, the issue is digital privacy.

Zato problem nije seksualno dopisivanje, problem je digitalna privatnost.

And one solution is consent.

I jedna opcija je pristanak.

So the next time a victim of a privacy violation comes up to you,

Tako da kad sljedeći puta žrtva narušavanja privatnosti dolazi vama,

instead of blaming them, let's do this instead:

umjesto da ih se sramoti učinimo ovo:

let's shift our ideas about digital privacy,

hajdemo promijeniti naše razmišljanje o digitalnoj privatnosti,

and let's respond with compassion.

i pokušajmo odgovoriti suosjećanjem.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)