How to practice safe sexting | Amy Adele Hasinoff

Translator: Enara Caride Reviewer: Xosé María Moreno

People have been using media to talk about sex for a long time.

A xente leva empregando os medios para falar de sexo desde hai moito tempo.

Love letters, phone sex, racy Polaroids.

Cartas de amor, sexo telefónico, Polaroids picantes.

There's even a story of a girl who eloped with a man that she met over the telegraph

Hai incluso unha historia dunha rapaza que fuxiu cun home que coñecera por telégrafo

in 1886.

en 1886.

Today we have sexting, and I am a sexting expert.

Hoxe en día temos o séxting, e eu son unha experta en séxting.

Not an expert sexter.

Non unha experta na súa práctica.

Though, I do know what this means -- I think you do too.

No entanto, sei que significa isto --penso que vós tamén.

[it's a penis]

[É un pene]

(Laughter)

(Risas)

I have been studying sexting since the media attention to it began in 2008.

Levo estudando séxting desde que se popularizou a través dos medios en 2008.

I wrote a book on the moral panic about sexting.

Escribín un libro sobre o pánico moral acerca do séxting.

And here's what I found:

E isto foi o que atopei:

most people are worrying about the wrong thing.

a maioría da xente está a se preocupar polo que non debería.

They're trying to just prevent sexting from happening entirely.

Tratan de evitar calquera manifestación do séxting.

But let me ask you this:

Mais permitídeme unha pregunta:

As long as it's completely consensual, what's the problem with sexting?

Mentres sexa totalmente consensuado, que problema hai co séxting?

People are into all sorts of things that you may not be into,

A xente está interesada en moitos tipos de cousas nas que ti podes non estar,

like blue cheese or cilantro.

como o queixo azul ou o coandro.

(Laughter)

(Risas)

Sexting is certainly risky, like anything that's fun,

O séxting é claramente arriscado, como todo aquilo que é divertido,

but as long as you're not sending an image to someone who doesn't want to receive it,

mais mentres un non envíe unha imaxe a quen non queira recibila,

there's no harm.

non hai ningún dano.

What I do think is a serious problem

O que penso que é un problema serio

is when people share private images of others

é cando a xente comparte imaxes privadas doutras persoas

without their permission.

sen o seu permiso.

And instead of worrying about sexting,

E en lugar de preocuparnos do séxting,

what I think we need to do is think a lot more about digital privacy.

penso que deberiamos pensar máis acerca da intimidade dixital.

The key is consent.

A clave é o consentimento.

Right now most people are thinking about sexting

Agora mesmo, a maioría da xente pensa no séxting

without really thinking about consent at all.

sen pensar en consentimento en absoluto.

Did you know that we currently criminalize teen sexting?

Sabedes que actualmente criminalizamos o séxting adolescente?

It can be a crime because it counts as child pornography,

Pode ser un delito porque conta como pornografía infantil,

if there's an image of someone under 18,

se hai unha imaxe de alguén menor de 18,

and it doesn't even matter

e non importa

if they took that image of themselves and shared it willingly.

se tomaron esa foto de eles mesmos e as compartiron voluntariamente.

So we end up with this bizarre legal situation

Daquela rematamos nesta estraña situación legal

where two 17-year-olds can legally have sex in most US states

onde dúas persoas de 17 anos legalmente poden ter sexo en gran parte dos estados

but they can't photograph it.

de EE.UU., pero non fotografalo.

Some states have also tried passing sexting misdemeanor laws

Algúns estados tamén intentaron aprobar leis nas que o séxting era unha falta

but these laws repeat the same problem

pero esas leis perpetuaron o problema

because they still make consensual sexting illegal.

xa que seguen facendo do séxting consensual algo ilegal.

It doesn't make sense

Non ten sentido

to try to ban all sexting to try to address privacy violations.

tentar prohibir todo o séxting para enfrontarse ás violacións da privacidade

This is kind of like saying,

É coma dicir,

let's solve the problem of date rape by just making dating completely illegal.

imos resolver o problema das violacións facendo as citas completamente ilegais.

Most teens don't get arrested for sexting, but can you guess who does?

Á maioría dos adolescentes non os deteñen por séxting, pero adiviñaes a quen si?

It's often teens who are disliked by their partner's parents.

Xeralmente a adolescentes rexeitados polas parellas dos seu proxenitores.

And this can be because of class bias, racism or homophobia.

E isto pode ser por prexuízos de clase, racismo ou homofobia.

Most prosecutors are, of course, smart enough

Moitos fiscais son, por suposto, listos abondo

not to use child pornography charges against teenagers, but some do.

para non acusar de pornografía infantil a adolescentes, mais algúns fano.

According to researchers at the University of New Hampshire

De acordo cos investigadores da Universidade de New Hampshire

seven percent of all child pornography possession arrests are teens,

o 7% de todos os arrestados por posesión de pornografía infantil son adolescentes,

sexting consensually with other teens.

que practicaban séxting consensuado con outros adolescentes.

Child pornography is a serious crime,

A pornografía infantil é un delito grave,

but it's just not the same thing as teen sexting.

pero non é o mesmo que o séxting adolescente.

Parents and educators are also responding to sexting

Pais e educadores tamén responden acerca do séxting

without really thinking too much about consent.

sen pensaren realmente moito no consentimento.

Their message to teens is often: just don't do it.

A súa mensaxe aos adolescentes é: "simplemente non o fagades".

And I totally get it -- there are serious legal risks

E enténdoo perfectamente, hai graves riscos legais

and of course, that potential for privacy violations.

e por suposto, un gran potencial de violación de privacidade.

And when you were a teen,

E cando adolescentes,

I'm sure you did exactly as you were told, right?

estou segura de que facíades todo o que se vos dicía, verdade?

You're probably thinking, my kid would never sext.

Seguramente estades a pensar, "o meu fillo nunca faría séxting."

And that's true, your little angel may not be sexting

E é certo, o voso pequeno anxo pode non estar a facer séxting

because only 33 percent

porque só o 33%

of 16- and 17-year-olds are sexting.

dos mozos e mozas de 16 e 17 anos o fan.

But, sorry, by the time they're older, odds are they will be sexting.

Mais, síntoo, para cando sexan maiores, as probabilidades din que o farán.

Every study I've seen puts the rate above 50 percent for 18- to 24-year-olds.

Todos os estudios sitúan a taxa sobre o 50% entre 18 e 24 anos.

And most of the time, nothing goes wrong.

E a maioría das veces, nada sae mal.

People ask me all the time things like, isn't sexting just so dangerous, though?

A xente pregúntame todo o tempo cousas como, "É o séxting tan perigoso?"

It's like you wouldn't leave your wallet on a park bench

É como se non deixases a carteira no banco dun parque

and you expect it's going to get stolen if you do that, right?

e esperases que cha roubasen se o fas, vale?

Here's how I think about it:

Isto é o que penso:

sexting is like leaving your wallet at your boyfriend's house.

o séxting é como deixar a carteira na casa do teu mozo.

If you come back the next day

Se volves ao día seguinte

and all the money is just gone,

e desapareceu todo o diñeiro,

you really need to dump that guy.

necesitas deixar a ese tipo.

(Laughter)

(Risas)

So instead of criminalizing sexting

De forma que en vez de criminalizar o séxting

to try to prevent these privacy violations,

para tratar de previr violacións de privacidade,

instead we need to make consent central

precisamos facer do consentimento un punto central

to how we think about the circulation of our private information.

sobre o que pensamos da circulación da nosa información privada.

Every new media technology raises privacy concerns.

Cada novo medio audiovisual presenta problemas de privacidade.

In fact, in the US the very first major debates about privacy

De feito, en EE.UU. os principais debates sobre privacidade

were in response to technologies that were relatively new at the time.

foron en resposta ás tecnoloxías que naquel momento eran relativamente novas.

In the late 1800s, people were worried about cameras,

A finais do 1800, á xente preocupábana as cámaras,

which were just suddenly more portable than ever before,

que de repente eran máis portátiles ca nunca,

and newspaper gossip columns.

e as columnas de rexouba dos xornais.

They were worried that the camera would capture information about them,

Preocupábaa que a cámara puidese tomar información sobre eles,

take it out of context and widely disseminate it.

sacala de contexto e difundila.

Does this sound familiar?

Sóavos familiar?

It's exactly what we're worrying about now with social media and drone cameras,

É exactamente a mesma preocupación que temos agora coas redes sociais e os drons,

and, of course, sexting.

e, por suposto, co séxting.

And these fears about technology,

E eses medos con respecto á tecnoloxía,

they make sense

teñen sentido

because technologies can amplify and bring out

porque a tecnoloxía pode amplificar e sacar a relucir

our worst qualities and behaviors.

as nosas peores cualidades e actitudes.

But there are solutions.

Mais existen solucións.

And we've been here before with a dangerous new technology.

E xa estivemos aquí antes cunha perigosa nova tecnoloxía.

In 1908, Ford introduced the Model T car.

En 1908, Ford introduciu o automóbil Modelo T.

Traffic fatality rates were rising.

As taxas de mortalidade de tráfico estaban a aumentar.

It was a serious problem -- it looks so safe, right?

Era un problema serio -- parece moi seguro, verdade?

Our first response was to try to change drivers' behavior,

A nosa primeira reacción foi a de tratar de cambiar o comportamento do condutor,

so we developed speed limits and enforced them through fines.

de xeito que creamos límites de velocidade e fixémolos cumprir mediante multas

But over the following decades,

Mais ao longo das décadas seguintes,

we started to realize the technology of the car itself is not just neutral.

démonos conta de que a tecnoloxía dun coche non é só neutral.

We could design the car to make it safer.

Poderíamos deseñar o coche para facelo máis seguro.

So in the 1920s, we got shatter-resistant windshields.

Daquela, nos anos 20, fixemos parabrisas resistentes á rotura.

In the 1950s, seat belts.

Nos anos 50, cintos de seguridade.

And in the 1990s, airbags.

E nos 90, coxíns de seguridade.

All three of these areas:

As tres áreas:

laws, individuals and industry came together over time

leis, persoas e industria uníronse co tempo

to help solve the problem that a new technology causes.

para axudar a resolver o problema que causa unha nova tecnoloxía.

And we can do the same thing with digital privacy.

E podemos facer o mesmo coa privacidade dixital.

Of course, it comes back to consent.

Por suposto, voltamos ao tema do consentimento.

Here's the idea.

Esta é a idea.

Before anyone can distribute your private information,

Antes de que alguén poida compartir a túa información privada,

they should have to get your permission.

ten que conseguir a túa autorización.

This idea of affirmative consent comes from anti-rape activists

Esta idea do consentimento afirmativo vén de activistas antiviolación

who tell us that we need consent for every sexual act.

que din que precisamos consentimento para cada acto sexual.

And we have really high standards for consent in a lot of other areas.

E temos estándares realmente altos para o consentimento noutras áreas.

Think about having surgery.

Pensemos na cirurxía.

Your doctor has to make sure

O voso doutor ten que asegurarse

that you are meaningfully and knowingly consenting to that medical procedure.

de que estades a dar o voso consentimento total e voluntario para tal intervención.

This is not the type of consent like with an iTunes Terms of Service

Este non é un consentimento coma o dos Termos de Servizo de iTunes

where you just scroll to the bottom and you're like, agree, agree, whatever.

onde vas ata o final da páxina e premes "acepto, acepto, o que sexa."

(Laughter)

If we think more about consent, we can have better privacy laws.

Se pensamos máis no consentimento, poderemos ter mellores leis de privacidade

Right now, we just don't have that many protections.

Agora mesmo, non temos moitas proteccións.

If your ex-husband or your ex-wife is a terrible person,

Se o teu exmarido ou a túa exmuller son malas persoas,

they can take your nude photos and upload them to a porn site.

pode coller as fotos túas espido e subilas a unha páxina porno.

It can be really hard to get those images taken down.

Pode chegar a ser moi complicado retirar esas imaxes.

And in a lot of states,

E en moitos Estados,

you're actually better off if you took the images of yourself

é mellor se as fotos as fai un mesmo,

because then you can file a copyright claim.

porque entón podes presentar unha reclamación de copyright.

(Laughter)

(Risas)

Right now, if someone violates your privacy,

Agora, se alguén viola a túa privacidade,

whether that's an individual or a company or the NSA,

xa sexa unha persoa, ou unha compañía, ou a NSA (Axencia de Seguridade Nacional),

you can try filing a lawsuit,

podes intentar presentar unha demanda,

though you may not be successful

aínda que pode que non teña éxito

because many courts assume that digital privacy is just impossible.

xa que moitos tribunais asumen que a privacidade dixital é imposible.

So they're not willing to punish anyone for violating it.

De xeito que non están dispostos a castigar a quen a viole.

I still hear people asking me all the time,

Sigo a escoitar xente preguntándome todo o tempo,

isn't a digital image somehow blurring the line between public and private

"unha imaxe dixital non está dalgún xeito nunha liña difusa entre público e privado?

because it's digital, right?

porque é dixital, non si?"

No! No!

Non! Non!

Everything digital is not just automatically public.

Non todo o dixital é automaticamente público.

That doesn't make any sense.

Iso non ten sentido ningún.

As NYU legal scholar Helen Nissenbaum tells us,

Como di a xurista da NYU Helen Nissenbaum,

we have laws and policies and norms

temos leis e regras e normas

that protect all kinds of information that's private,

que protexen todo tipo de información privada,

and it doesn't make a difference if it's digital or not.

e non fan diferenzas por ser ou non dixital.

All of your health records are digitized

Todos os vosos rexistros de saúde están dixitalizados

but your doctor can't just share them with anyone.

mais o voso doutor non pode compartilos con ninguén.

All of your financial information is held in digital databases,

Toda a vosa información financieira almacénase en bases de datos dixitais,

but your credit card company can't just post your purchase history online.

a vosa entidade de crédito non pode poñer en liña a vosa lista de compras.

Better laws could help address privacy violations after they happen,

Mellores leis axudarían a abordar as violacións de privacidade

logo de que ocorran,

but one of the easiest things we can all do is make personal changes

mais unha das cousas máis simples que podemos facer son cambios persoais

to help protect each other's privacy.

para axudar na protección da privacidade dos demais.

We're always told that privacy

Sempre nos dixeron que a privacidade

is our own, sole, individual responsibility.

é a nosa responsabilidade exclusiva e individual.

We're told, constantly monitor and update your privacy settings.

Dinnos seguido que controlemos

e actualicemos a configuración de privacidade.

We're told, never share anything you wouldn't want the entire world to see.

Que non compartamos xamais nada que non quixeramos que todo o mundo vise.

This doesn't make sense.

Isto non ten sentido.

Digital media are social environments

Os medios dixitais son ambientes sociais

and we share things with people we trust all day, every day.

e compartimos cousas con xente na que confiamos todo o día, cada día.

As Princeton researcher Janet Vertesi argues,

Como argumenta a investigadora de Princeton Janet Vertesi,

our data and our privacy, they're not just personal,

"Os nosos datos e privacidade non son só persoais,

they're actually interpersonal.

senón que, en verdade, son interpersoais."

And so one thing you can do that's really easy

E unha cousa que podedes facer e que é moi sinxela

is just start asking for permission before you share anyone else's information.

é simplemente pedir permiso antes de compartir a información doutra persoa.

If you want to post a photo of someone online, ask for permission.

Se queredes colgar en liña unha foto de alguén, pedide permiso.

If you want to forward an email thread,

Se queredes reenviar un correo electrónico,

ask for permission.

pedide permiso.

And if you want to share someone's nude selfie,

E se queredes compartir a autofoto de alguén espido,

obviously, ask for permission.

obviamente, pedide permiso.

These individual changes can really help us protect each other's privacy,

Estes cambios individuais poden axudarnos a protexer a privacidade dos demais,

but we need technology companies on board as well.

mais precisamos tamén a colaboración de empresas tecnolóxicas.

These companies have very little incentive to help protect our privacy

Estas compañías apenas teñen incentivo en axudarnos a protexer a nosa privacidade

because their business models depend on us sharing everything

porque os seus modelos de negocio baséanse en que o compartamos todo

with as many people as possible.

con canta máis xente mellor.

Right now, if I send you an image,

Agora mesmo, se vos envío unha imaxe,

you can forward that to anyone that you want.

podedes reenviárlla a quen queirades.

But what if I got to decide if that image was forwardable or not?

Pero, e se teño que decidir se esa imaxe se pode reenviar ou non?

This would tell you, you don't have my permission to send this image out.

Isto indicaríavos que non tedes o meu permiso para mandar esa imaxe.

We do this kind of thing all the time to protect copyright.

Facemos este tipo de cousas todo o tempo para protexer os dereitos de autor.

If you buy an e-book, you can't just send it out to as many people as you want.

Se mercas un libro electrónico, non podes mandárllo á xente que queiras.

So why not try this with mobile phones?

Así que por que non probar isto cos teléfonos móbiles?

What you can do is we can demand that tech companies add these protections

Podemos esixirlles a empresas tecnolóxicas que engadan esas proteccións

to our devices and our platforms as the default.

nos nosos dispositivos e plataformas coma valores predeterminados.

After all, you can choose the color of your car,

A fin de contas, un pode escoller a cor do seu coche,

but the airbags are always standard.

pero os coxíns de seguridade son sempre estándar.

If we don't think more about digital privacy and consent,

Se non pensamos máis na privacidade dixital e no consentimento,

there can be serious consequences.

pode haber serias consecuencias.

There was a teenager from Ohio --

Había unha adolescente de Ohio,

let's call her Jennifer, for the sake of her privacy.

chamémoslle Jennifer, por respecto á súa privacidade.

She shared nude photos of herself with her high school boyfriend,

Ela compartiu fotos nas que saía espida co seu noivo do instituto,

thinking she could trust him.

pensando que podía confiar nel.

Unfortunately, he betrayed her

Por desgraza, el enganouna

and sent her photos around the entire school.

e as súas fotos circularon por todo o instituto.

Jennifer was embarrassed and humiliated,

Jennifer estaba avergoñada e humillada,

but instead of being compassionate, her classmates harassed her.

pero en lugar de seren compasivos, os seus compañeiros acosárona.

They called her a slut and a whore

Chamáronlle puta

and they made her life miserable.

e fixéronlle a vida imposible.

Jennifer started missing school and her grades dropped.

Jennifer comezou a faltar á escola e as súas cualificacións baixaron.

Ultimately, Jennifer decided to end her own life.

Ao final, Jennifer decidiu acabar coa súa propia vida.

Jennifer did nothing wrong.

Jennifer non fixo nada mal.

All she did was share a nude photo

O único que fixo foi compartir unha foto espida

with someone she thought that she could trust.

cunha persoa na que pensou que podía confiar.

And yet our laws tell her

E, porén, as nosa leis dinlle

that she committed a horrible crime equivalent to child pornography.

que cometeu un delito horrible equivalente á pornografía infantil.

Our gender norms tell her

As nosas normas de xénero din

that by producing this nude image of herself,

que ao producir esta imaxe dela mesma espida,

she somehow did the most horrible, shameful thing.

dalgún xeito, fixo a cousa máis horrible e vergoñenta.

And when we assume that privacy is impossible in digital media,

E cando asumimos que a privacidade é imposible nos medios dixitais,

we completely write off and excuse her boyfriend's bad, bad behavior.

absolvermos e escusamos completamente o mal comportamento do seu mozo.

People are still saying all the time to victims of privacy violations,

A xente segue a dicirlles ás vítimas de violacións de privacidade,

"What were you thinking?

"En que pensabas?

You should have never sent that image."

Nunca debiches mandar esa imaxe."

If you're trying to figure out what to say instead, try this.

Se estades pensando que dicir no canto diso, probade con isto.

Imagine you've run into your friend who broke their leg skiing.

Imaxinade que visitades ao voso amigo que rompeu unha perna esquiando.

They took a risk to do something fun, and it didn't end well.

Eles asumiron riscos para facer algo divertido, e non saíu ben.

But you're probably not going to be the jerk who says,

Mais non ides ser os cretinos que digan,

"Well, I guess you shouldn't have gone skiing then."

"Home, non debiches ir esquiar."

If we think more about consent,

Se pensamos no consentimento,

we can see that victims of privacy violations

poderemos ver que as vítimas de violacións de privacidade

deserve our compassion,

merecen a nosa compaixón;

not criminalization, shaming, harassment or punishment.

non discriminación, humillación, acoso ou castigo.

We can support victims, and we can prevent some privacy violations

Podemos apoiar as vítimas e previr algunhas violacións de privacidade

by making these legal, individual and technological changes.

se se fan estes cambios legais, individuais e tecnolóxicos.

Because the problem is not sexting, the issue is digital privacy.

Porque o problema non é o séxting, é a privacidade dixital.

And one solution is consent.

E unha solución é o consentimento.

So the next time a victim of a privacy violation comes up to you,

Así que a próxima vez que unha vítima de violación dixital se achegue a vós,

instead of blaming them, let's do this instead:

no lugar de culpala, fagamos isto:

let's shift our ideas about digital privacy,

cambiemos as nosas ideas sobre a privacidade dixital,

and let's respond with compassion.

e respondamos con compaixón.

Thank you.

Grazas.

(Applause)

(Aplauso)