A free world needs satire | Patrick Chappatte

Prevodilac: Ivana Krivokuća Lektor: Kristina Radosavljević

I've been a political cartoonist on the global stage for the last 20 years.

Ja sam politički karikaturista prisutan na svetskoj sceni poslednjih 20 godina.

Hey, we have seen a lot of things happen in those 20 years.

Hej, videli smo da se mnogo toga desilo za tih 20 godina.

We saw three different Catholic popes,

Videli smo trojicu različitih katoličkih papa,

and we witnessed that unique moment:

i bili smo svedoci tog jedinstvenog trenutka:

the election of a pope on St. Peter's Square --

izbora pape na Trgu svetog Petra -

you know, the little white smoke

znate, mali beli dim

and the official announcement.

i zvanično saopštenje.

[It's a boy!]

[Muško je!]

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

We saw four American presidents.

Videli smo četiri američka predsednika.

Obama, of course.

Obamu, naravno.

Oh, Europeans liked him a lot.

O, Evropljani su ga mnogo voleli.

He was a multilateralist.

Bio je multilateralista.

He favored diplomacy.

Zalagao se za diplomatiju.

He wanted to be friends with Iran.

Hteo je da se sprijatelji sa Iranom.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

And then ...

A potom...

reality imitated caricature

stvarnost je oponašala karikaturu

the day Donald Trump became the President of the United States of America.

onog dana kada je Donald Tramp postao predsednik Sjedinjenih Američkih Država.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

You know, people come to us and they say,

Znate, ljudi nam prilaze i kažu:

"It's too easy for you cartoonists. I mean -- with people like Trump?"

„Previše je lako za vas karikaturiste. Mislim - sa ljudima poput Trampa?“

Well, no, it's not easy

Pa, ne, nije lako

to caricature a man who is himself a caricature.

napraviti karikaturu čoveka koji je sam po sebi karikatura.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

No.

Ne.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

Populists are no easy target for satire

Populisti nisu laka meta za satiru

because you try to nail them down one day,

jer probaš da ih poklopiš jednog dana,

and the next day, they outdo you.

i sutradan te nadmaše.

For example, as soon as he was elected,

Na primer, čim je izabran,

I tried to imagine the tweet that Trump would send on Christmas Eve.

pokušao sam da zamislim tvit koji će Tramp poslati na Badnje veče.

So I did this, OK?

Pa sam uradio ovo, okej?

[Merry Christmas to all! Except all those pathetic losers. So sad.]

[Srećan Božić svima! Osim svih onih patetičnih gubitnika. Baš jadno.]

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

And basically, the next day, Trump tweeted this:

I u suštini, sutradan je Tramp tvitovao ovo:

[Srećna Nova godina svima, uključujući i moje mnogobrojne neprijatelje

[Happy New Year to all, including to my many enemies

and those who have fought me and lost so badly

i one koji su se borili protiv mene i tako izgubili

they just don't know what to do. Love!]

da prosto ne znaju šta će. S ljubavlju!]

(Laughter)

It's the same!

(Smeh)

Isto je!

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

This is the era of strongmen.

Ovo je doba moćnika.

And soon, Donald Trump was able to meet his personal hero, Vladimir Putin,

Uskoro je Donald Tramp uspeo da upozna svog ličnog heroja Vladimira Putina,

and this is how the first meeting went:

i ovako je protekao prvi sastanak:

[I'll help you find the hackers. Give me your password.]

[Pomoći ću vam da pronađete hakere. Dajte mi svoju lozinku.]

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

And I'm not inventing anything.

A ništa ne izmišljam.

He came out of that first meeting saying that the two of them had agreed

Izašao je sa tog prvog sastanka rekavši da su se njih dvojica složili

on a joint task force on cybersecurity.

o zajedničkoj radnoj grupi za sajber sigurnost.

This is true, if you do remember.

To je istina, ako se sećate.

Oh, who would have imagined the things we saw over these 20 years.

O, ko je mogao da zamisli stvari koje smo videli tokom ovih 20 godina.

We saw Great Britain run towards a European Union exit.

Videli smo kako Velika Britanija juri ka izlazu iz Evropske unije.

[Hard Brexit?]

[Bolan Bregzit?]

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

In the Middle East, we believed for a while

Na Bliskom istoku smo neko vreme verovali

in the democratic miracle of the Arab Spring.

u demokratsko čudo Arapskog proleća.

We saw dictators fall, we saw others hang on.

Videli smo kako diktatori padaju, videli smo i druge kako opstaju.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

And then there is the timeless Kim dynasty of North Korea.

A tu je i vanvremenska dinastija Kim iz Severne Koreje.

These guys seem to be coming straight out of Cartoon Network.

Oni kao dolaze pravo sa Kartun netvorka.

I was blessed to be able to draw two of them.

Srećan sam što sam imao priliku da nacrtam njih dvojicu.

Kim Jong-il, the father,

Kim Džong Il, otac,

when he died a few years ago, that was a very dangerous moment.

kada je umro pre nekoliko godina, to je bio vrlo opasan trenutak.

[That was close!]

[Bilo je blizu!]

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

That was --

Bilo je -

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

And then the son, Kim Jong-un,

A onda je sin, Kim Džong Un,

proved himself a worthy successor to the throne.

dokazao da je dostojan naslednik trona.

He's now friends with the US president.

Sada se druži sa američkim predsednikom.

They meet each other all the time, and they talk like friends.

Stalno se nalaze i razgovaraju kao prijatelji.

[What kind of hair gel?]

[Koji gel za kosu?]

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Should we be surprised

Treba li da budemo iznenađeni

to be living in a world

što živimo u svetu

ruled by egomaniacs?

u kome vladaju ego manijaci?

What if they were just a reflection of ourselves?

Šta ako su oni samo odraz nas samih?

I mean, look at us, each of us.

Mislim, pogledajte nas, svakog od nas.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Yeah, we love our smartphones;

Da, volimo svoje telefone;

we love our selfies;

volimo svoje selfije,

we love ourselves.

volimo sami sebe.

And thanks to Facebook, we have a lot of friends

A zahvaljujući Fejsbuku, imamo mnogo prijatelja

all over the world.

širom sveta.

Mark Zuckerberg is our friend.

Mark Zakenberg nam je prijatelj.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

You know, he and his peers in Silicon Valley

Znate, on i njegove kolege u Silicijumskoj dolini

are the kings and the emperors

su kraljevi i carevi

of our time.

našeg doba.

Showing that the emperors have no clothes,

Pokazivanje da carevi nemaju odeću,

that's the task of satire, right?

to je zadatak satire, zar ne?

Speaking truth to power.

Govorenje istine vlasti.

This has always been the historical role of political cartooning.

Oduvek je to bila istorijska uloga političke karikature.

In the 1830s, postrevolutionary France under King Louis Philippe,

U postrevolucionarnoj Francuskoj pod kraljem Lujem Filipom, 1830-ih,

journalists and caricaturists fought hard for the freedom of the press.

novinari i karikaturisti žestoko su se borili za slobodu štampe.

They were jailed, they were fined, but they prevailed.

Zatvarani su, novčano kažnjavani, ali odoleli su.

And this caricature of the king by Daumier

Ova karikatura kralja koju je nacrtao Domije

came to define the monarch.

postala je definicija monarha.

It marked history.

Obeležila je istoriju.

It became the timeless symbol of satire triumphing over autocracy.

Postala je vanvremenski simbol satire koja trijumfuje nad autokratijom.

Today, 200 years after Daumier,

Danas, 200 godina od Domijea,

are political cartoons at risk of disappearing?

da li su političke karikature u opasnosti da nestanu?

Take this blank space on the front page of Turkish opposition newspaper "Cumhuriyet."

Uzmite ovaj prazan prostor na naslovnici turskog opozicionog lista „Šumkurijet“.

This is where Musa Kart's cartoon used to appear.

Tu se nekada pojavljivala karikatura Muse Karta.

In 2018, Musa Kart was sentenced to three years in jail.

Godine 2018. Musa Kart je osuđen na tri godine zatvora.

For doing what?

Zbog čega?

For doing political cartoons in Erdoğan's Turkey.

Zbog crtanja političkih karikatura u Erdoganovoj Turskoj.

Cartoonists from Venezuela, Russia, Syria have been forced into exile.

Karikaturisti iz Venecuele, Rusije i Sirije primorani su na izgnanstvo.

Look at this image.

Pogledajte ovu sliku.

It seems so innocent, right?

Deluje tako nevino, zar ne?

Yet it is so provocative.

A ipak je tako provokativna.

When he posted this image,

Kada je objavio ovu sliku,

Hani Abbas knew it would change his life.

Hani Abas je znao da će mu to promeniti život.

It was in 2012, and the Syrians were taking to the streets.

Bilo je to 2012. godine, i Sirijci su izašli na ulice.

Of course, the little red flower is the symbol of the Syrian revolution.

Naravno, mali crveni cvet je simbol sirijske revolucije.

So pretty soon, the regime was after him,

Ubrzo mu je režim bio za petama

and he had to flee the country.

i morao je da pobegne iz zemlje.

A good friend of his, cartoonist Akram Raslan,

Njegov dobar prijatelj, karikaturista Akram Raslan,

didn't make it out of Syria.

nije uspeo da ode iz Sirije.

He died under torture.

Umro je dok su ga mučili.

In the United States of America recently,

U Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama, nedavno,

some of the very top cartoonists, like Nick Anderson and Rob Rogers --

neki od vrhunskih karikaturista kao što su Nik Anderson i Rob Rodžers -

this is a cartoon by Rob --

ovo je Robova karikatura -

[Memorial Day 2018. (on tombstone) Truth. Honor. Rule of Law.]

[Dan komemoracije 2018. (na nadgrobnom spomeniku) Istina. Čast. Vladavina prava.]

they lost their positions

izgubili su posao jer su izdavači smatrali da njihov rad previše kritikuje Trampa.

because their publishers found their work too critical of Trump.

And the same happened to Canadian cartoonist Michael de Adder.

Isto se desilo i kanadskom karikaturisti Majklu de Aderu.

Hey, maybe we should start worrying.

Hej, možda bi trebalo da počnemo da brinemo.

Political cartoons were born with democracy,

Političke karikature su rođene kada i demokratija,

and they are challenged when freedom is.

i osporavaju se kada se osporava sloboda.

You know, over the years,

Znate, tokom godina,

with the Cartooning for Peace Foundation and other initiatives,

sa fondacijom Karikatura za mir i drugim inicijativama,

Kofi Annan -- this is not well known -- he was the honorary chair

Kofi Anan - o tome se ne zna mnogo - bio je počasni predsednik

of our foundation,

naše fondacije,

the late Kofi Annan, Nobel Peace Laureate.

pokojni Kofi Anan, dobitnik Nobelove nagrade.

He was a great defender of cartoons.

On je bio veliki pobornik karikatura.

Or, on the board of the Association of American Editorial Cartoonists,

Ili, na upravnom odboru Udruženja američkih političkih karikaturista,

we have advocated on behalf of jailed, threatened, fired, exiled cartoonists.

zalagali smo se za karikaturiste

koje su zatvarali, pretili im, otpuštali i proterivali ih.

But I never saw a case of someone losing his job

Ali nikada nisam video slučaj da neko izgubi posao

over a cartoon he didn't do.

zbog karikature koju nije nacrtao.

Well, that happened to me.

Pa, to se dogodilo meni.

For the last 20 years, I have been with the "International Herald Tribune"

Poslednjih 20 godina sam radio sa „Internešnal heral tribjunom“

i „Njujork tajmsom“.

and the "New York Times."

Then something happened.

Onda se nešto dogodilo.

In April 2019,

Aprila 2019. godine,

a cartoon by a famous Portuguese cartoonist,

karikaturu poznatog portugalskog karikaturiste,

which was first published in a newspaper "El Expresso" in Lisbon,

koja je prvi put objavljena u novinama „El ekspreso“ u Lisabonu,

was picked by an editor at the "New York Times"

preuzeo je urednik „Njujork tajmsa“

and reprinted in the international editions.

i ponovo je štampana u međunarodnim izdanjima.

This thing blew up.

Stvar je poprimila velike dimenzije.

It was denounced as anti-Semitic,

Proglašena je za antisemitsku

triggered widespread outrage,

i naširoko pokrenula bes,

apologies

izvinjenja

and a lot of damage control by the Times.

i mnogo rada u Tajmsu na popravljanju počinjene štete.

A month after, my editor told me

Mesec dana kasnije, urednik mi je rekao

they were ending political cartoons altogether.

da ukidaju sve političke karikature.

So we could, and we should, have a discussion about that cartoon.

Mogli bismo, a i trebalo bi, da povedemo raspravu o toj karikaturi.

Some people say it reminds them of the worst anti-Semitic propaganda.

Neki kažu da ih podseća na najgoru antisemitsku propagandu.

Others, including in Israel,

Drugi, uključujući neke iz Izraela,

say no, it's just a harsh criticism of Trump,

kažu da nije tako, već je u pitanju samo oštra kritika Trampa,

who is shown as blindly following the Prime Minister of Israel.

koji je prikazan tako da slepo prati premijera Izraela.

I have some issues with this cartoon,

I za mene je ova karikatura problematična,

but that discussion did not happen at the "New York Times."

ali rasprava o tome nije povedena u „Njujork tajmsu“.

Under attack, they took the easiest path:

Pod napadom su krenuli najlakšim putem:

in order to not have problems with political cartoons in the future,

da ubuduće ne bismo imali problema sa političkim karikaturama,

let's not have any at all.

hajde da ih sve ukinemo.

Hey, this is new.

Hej, ovo je nešto novo.

Did we just invent preventive self-censorship?

Da li smo upravo izmislili preventivnu samocenzuru?

I think this is bigger than cartoons.

Mislim da se ovde ne radi samo o karikaturama.

This is about opinion and journalism.

Ovde se radi o mišljenjima i novinarstvu.

This, in the end, is about democracy.

Radi se, naposletku, o demokratiji.

We now live in a world

Živimo u svetu

where moralistic mobs gather on social media

u kome se moralističke rulje okupljaju na društvenim mrežama

and rise like a storm.

i podižu se kao oluja.

The most outraged voices tend to define the conversation,

Najbešnji glasovi obično definišu razgovor,

and the angry crowd follows in.

a ljuta gomila sledi za njima.

These social media mobs,

Te rulje sa društvenih mreža,

sometimes fueled by interest groups,

ponekad pod uticajem interesnih grupa,

fall upon newsrooms in an overwhelming blow.

napadaju redakcije velikom silinom.

They send publishers and editors scrambling for countermeasures.

Zbog njih se izdavači i urednici dovijaju da nađu protivmere.

This leaves no room for meaningful discussions.

To ne ostavlja mesta za smislene razgovore.

Twitter is a place for fury, not for debate.

Tviter je mesto za ispoljavanje besa, a ne za debatu.

And you know what?

I znate šta?

Someone described pretty well our human condition in this noisy age.

Neko je prilično dobro opisao naše ljudsko stanje u ovom bučnom dobu.

You know who?

Znate ko?

Shakespeare, 400 years ago.

Šekspir, pre 400 godina.

["(Life is) a tale told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, signifying nothing."]

[„(Život je) priča koju idiot priča, puna krika i besa, a ne znači ništa.“]

Ovo je za mene vrlo značajno. Šekspir je i dalje vrlo primenljiv, zar ne?

This speaks to me. Shakespeare is still very relevant, no?

But the world has changed a bit.

Ali svet se malo promenio.

[Too long!]

[Predugačko!]

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

It's true.

Istina.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

You know, social media is both a blessing and a curse for cartoons.

Znate, društvene mreže su istovremeno blagoslov i prokletstvo za karikature.

This is the era of the image, so they get shared, they get viral,

Ovo je doba slike, pa se one dele i šire se,

but that also makes them a prime target.

ali zbog toga postaju i glavna meta.

More than often, the real target behind the cartoon

Često su prava meta iza karikatura

is the media that published it.

mediji koji ih objavljuju.

[Covering Iraq? No, Trump!]

[Izveštavaš o Iraku? Ne, o Trampu!]

That relationship between traditional media and social media

Taj odnos između tradicionalnih medija i društvenih mreža

is a funny one.

je baš zanimljiv.

On one hand, you have the time-consuming process

Sa jedne strane imate dugotrajan proces

of information, verification, curation.

prikupljanja informacija, njihove provere i uređivanja.

On the other hand, it's an open buffet, frankly,

S druge strane je, iskreno, otvoreni bife

for rumors, opinions, emotions,

za glasine, mišljenja, emocije,

amplified by algorithms.

pojačane algoritmima.

Even quality newspapers mimic the codes of social networks on their websites.

Čak i kvalitetne novine oponašaju kodove društvenih mreža na svojim sajtovima.

They highlight the 10 most read, the 10 most shared stories.

Istaknu 10 najčitanijih priča, onih koje se najviše dele.

They should put forward the 10 most important stories.

Trebalo bi da izbace 10 najvažnijih priča.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

The media must not be intimidated by social media,

Mediji ne smeju biti zastrašeni društvenim mrežama,

and editors should stop being afraid of the angry mob.

i urednici treba da prestanu da se boje besne gomile.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

We're not going to put up warnings the way we do on cigarette packs, are we?

Nećemo valjda postavljati upozorenja kao na kutijama cigareta?

[Satire can hurt your feelings]

[Satira vam može povrediti osećanja]

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Come on.

Ma dajte, molim vas.

[Under your burkini you could be hiding a sex bomb]

[Pod burkinijem možda krijete seks-bombu]

Political cartoons are meant to provoke, just like opinions.

Političke karikature imaju za cilj da provociraju, baš kao i mišljenja.

But before all, they are meant to be thought-provoking.

Ali pre svega imaju za cilj da podstaknu na razmišljanje.

You feel hurt?

Osećate se povređeno?

Just let it go.

Prevaziđite to.

You don't like it?

Ne sviđa vam se?

Look the other way.

Skrenite pogled.

Freedom of expression is not incompatible with dialogue

Sloboda izražavanja nije nespojiva s dijalogom

and listening to each other.

i međusobnim slušanjem.

But it is incompatible with intolerance.

Ali je nespojiva sa netolerancijom.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

Let us not become our own censors in the name of political correctness.

Nemojmo postati sopstveni cenzori u ime političke korektnosti.

We need to stand up, we need to push back,

Moramo da ustanemo, moramo da se odupremo,

because if we don't, we will wake up tomorrow

jer ćemo se u suprotnom sutradan probuditi

in a sanitized world,

u sterilizovanom svetu

where any form of satire and political cartooning becomes impossible.

u kome bilo koja vrsta satire i političke karikature postaje nemoguća.

Because, when political pressure meets political correctness,

Jer kada se politički pritisak susretne sa političkom korektnošću,

freedom of speech perishes.

sloboda govora nestaje.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

Do you remember January 2015?

Sećate li se januara 2015?

With the massacre of journalists and cartoonists

Kroz masakr novinara i karikaturista

at "Charlie Hebdo" in Paris,

„Šarli ebdoa“ u Parizu,

we discovered the most extreme form of censorship:

otkrili smo najekstremniji oblik cenzure:

murder.

ubistvo.

Remember how it felt.

Setite se kakav je bio osećaj.

[Without humor we are all dead]

[Bez humora svi smo mrtvi]

Whatever one thought of that satirical magazine,

Šta god mislili o tom satiričnom časopisu,

however one felt about those particular cartoons,

kakva god osećanja da vam bude te karikature,

we all sensed that something fundamental was at stake,

svi smo osetili da je u pitanju nešto fundamentalno,

that citizens of free societies -- actually, citizens of any society --

da građanima slobodnih društava - u stvari, građanima bilo kog društva -

need humor as much as the air we breathe.

treba humor koliko i vazduh koji udišemo.

This is why the extremists,

Zbog toga ekstremisti,

the dictators, the autocrats and, frankly, all the ideologues of the world

diktatori, autokrati i, iskreno, svi ideolozi sveta

cannot stand humor.

ne podnose humor.

In the insane world we live in right now,

U suludom svetu u kome trenutno živimo,

we need political cartoons more than ever.

potrebne su nam političke kartikature više nego ikada pre.

And we need humor.

I treba nam humor.

Thank you.

Hvala.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)