A free world needs satire | Patrick Chappatte

Prevoditelj: Mirela Ivoš Recezent: Sanda Liker

I've been a political cartoonist on the global stage for the last 20 years.

Ja sam politički karikaturist na globalnoj sceni proteklih 20 godina.

Hey, we have seen a lot of things happen in those 20 years.

Hej, vidjeli smo mnogo događanja u tih 20 godina.

We saw three different Catholic popes,

Vidjeli smo trojicu različitih katoličkih papa

and we witnessed that unique moment:

i svjedočili tom jedinstvenom trenutku:

the election of a pope on St. Peter's Square --

izboru pape na Trgu svetog Petra -

znate, mali bijeli dim

you know, the little white smoke

and the official announcement.

i službeno proglašenje.

[It's a boy!]

[Dječak je!]

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

We saw four American presidents.

Vidjeli smo četiri američka predsjednika.

Obama, of course.

Obamu, naravno.

Oh, Europeans liked him a lot.

Oh, Europljani su ga stvarno voljeli.

He was a multilateralist.

Bio je multilateralist.

He favored diplomacy.

Volio je diplomaciju.

He wanted to be friends with Iran.

Htio se sprijateljiti s Iranom.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

And then ...

I onda...

reality imitated caricature

stvarnost je imitirala karikaturu

the day Donald Trump became the President of the United States of America.

onog dana kad je Donald Trump postao predsjednik Sjedinjenih Američkih Država.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

You know, people come to us and they say,

Znate, ljudi dolaze k nama i kažu:

"It's too easy for you cartoonists. I mean -- with people like Trump?"

"Vama karikaturistima je tako lako." Mislim, s ljudima poput Trumpa?

Well, no, it's not easy

Pa, ne, nije lako

to caricature a man who is himself a caricature.

napraviti karikaturu čovjeka koji je sam po sebi karikatura.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

No.

Ne.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

Populists are no easy target for satire

Pristalice populizma nisu laka meta za satiru

because you try to nail them down one day,

jer ih pokušavate srediti jedan dan,

and the next day, they outdo you.

a već idućeg vas nadmaše.

For example, as soon as he was elected,

Primjerice, čim je izabran,

I tried to imagine the tweet that Trump would send on Christmas Eve.

pokušao sam zamisliti tweet koji bi Trump objavio na Badnjak.

So I did this, OK?

I napravio sam ovo, OK?

[Merry Christmas to all! Except all those pathetic losers. So sad.]

[Sretan Božić svima! Osim svim onim patetičnim luzerima. Tako tužno.]

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

And basically, the next day, Trump tweeted this:

I u osnovi, idućega dana, Trump je objavio ovo:

[Happy New Year to all, including to my many enemies

[Sretna Nova godina svima, uključujući mojim brojnim neprijateljima

and those who have fought me and lost so badly

i onima koji su se borili protiv mene i izgubili

they just don't know what to do. Love!]

da ne znaju što bi. S ljubavlju!]

(Laughter)

It's the same!

(Smijeh)

Isto je!

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

This is the era of strongmen.

Ovo je era snažnih ljudi.

And soon, Donald Trump was able to meet his personal hero, Vladimir Putin,

I uskoro, Donald Trump mogao je upoznati svog osobnog heroja, Vladimira Putina,

and this is how the first meeting went:

i ovo je kako je prošao prvi sastanak:

[I'll help you find the hackers. Give me your password.]

[Pomoći ću ti pronaći hakere. Daj mi svoju lozinku.]

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

And I'm not inventing anything.

I ništa ne izmišljam.

He came out of that first meeting saying that the two of them had agreed

Izašao je s tog prvog sastanka i rekao da su njih dvojica dogovorili

on a joint task force on cybersecurity.

zajedničku suradnju o kibernetičkoj sigurnosti.

This is true, if you do remember.

Ovo je točno, ako se sjećate.

Oh, who would have imagined the things we saw over these 20 years.

Oh, tko bi mogao zamisliti stvari koje smo vidjeli kroz tih 20 godina.

We saw Great Britain run towards a European Union exit.

Vidjeli smo Veliku Britaniju kako trči kroz izlaz Europske Unije.

[Hard Brexit?]

[Težak Brexit?]

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

In the Middle East, we believed for a while

Na Bliskom istoku, vjerovali smo neko vrijeme

in the democratic miracle of the Arab Spring.

u demokratsko čudo Arapskog proljeća.

We saw dictators fall, we saw others hang on.

Vidjeli smo svrgavanje diktatora, vidjeli smo održavanje drugih.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

And then there is the timeless Kim dynasty of North Korea.

I onda je tu bezvremenska dinastija Kim iz Sjeverne Koreje.

These guys seem to be coming straight out of Cartoon Network.

Čini se da ti tipovi dolaze direktno s dječje televizije.

I was blessed to be able to draw two of them.

Bio sam blagoslovljen da mogu nacrtati dvojicu.

Kim Jong-il, the father,

Kim Jong-ila, oca,

when he died a few years ago, that was a very dangerous moment.

kad je umro prije nekoliko godina, bio je to jako opasan trenutak.

[That was close!]

[To je bilo blizu!]

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

That was --

To je bilo...

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

And then the son, Kim Jong-un,

I potom se njegov sin, Kim Jong-un,

proved himself a worthy successor to the throne.

dokazao kao dostojan nasljednik prijestolja.

He's now friends with the US president.

On je sada prijatelj s predsjednikom SAD-a.

They meet each other all the time, and they talk like friends.

Oni se stalno sastaju i razgovaraju kao prijatelji.

[What kind of hair gel?]

[Koja vrsta gela za kosu?]

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

Should we be surprised

Trebamo li biti iznenađeni

to be living in a world

što živimo u svijetu

ruled by egomaniacs?

u kojem vladaju egomanijaci?

What if they were just a reflection of ourselves?

Što ako su oni samo odraz nas samih?

I mean, look at us, each of us.

Mislim, pogledajte nas, svakog od nas.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

Yeah, we love our smartphones;

Da, volimo svoje pametne telefone;

we love our selfies;

svoje slike;

we love ourselves.

volimo sebe.

And thanks to Facebook, we have a lot of friends

I zahvaljujući Facebooku, imamo mnoštvo prijatelja

all over the world.

diljem svijeta.

Mark Zuckerberg is our friend.

Mark Zuckerberg je naš prijatelj.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

You know, he and his peers in Silicon Valley

Znate, on i njegovi prijatelji u Silicijskoj dolini

are the kings and the emperors

kraljevi su i carevi

of our time.

našeg vremena.

Showing that the emperors have no clothes,

Pokazivanje kako je car gol,

that's the task of satire, right?

to je zadatak satire, nije li?

Speaking truth to power.

Govorenje istine moći.

This has always been the historical role of political cartooning.

Uvijek je postojala povijesna uloga političkih karikatura.

In the 1830s, postrevolutionary France under King Louis Philippe,

1830-ih, postrevolucijska Francuska pod kraljem Louisom Philippeom,

journalists and caricaturists fought hard for the freedom of the press.

novinari i karikaturisti snažno su se borili za slobodu tiska.

They were jailed, they were fined, but they prevailed.

Bili su zatvarani, pisane su im kazne, ali prevladali su.

And this caricature of the king by Daumier

I ova karikatura kralja koju je napravio Daumier

came to define the monarch.

definirala je monarhiju.

It marked history.

Obilježila je povijest.

It became the timeless symbol of satire triumphing over autocracy.

Postala je bezvremenski simbol satire koja pobjeđuje autokraciju.

Today, 200 years after Daumier,

Danas, 200 godina nakon Daumiera,

are political cartoons at risk of disappearing?

jesu li političke karikature na rubu nestajanja?

Take this blank space on the front page of Turkish opposition newspaper "Cumhuriyet."

Uzmite ovaj prazan prostor

na naslovnoj strani turskih opozicijskih novina "Cumhuriyet".

This is where Musa Kart's cartoon used to appear.

Ovdje su se pojavljivale karikature Muse Karta.

In 2018, Musa Kart was sentenced to three years in jail.

Godine 2018., Musa Kart dobio je kaznu zatvora od tri godine.

For doing what?

Za što?

For doing political cartoons in Erdoğan's Turkey.

Za crtanje političkih karikatura u Erdoğanovoj Turskoj.

Cartoonists from Venezuela, Russia, Syria have been forced into exile.

Karikaturisti u Venezueli, Rusiji i Siriji bili su prognani.

Look at this image.

Pogledajte ovu sliku.

It seems so innocent, right?

Čini se tako nevina, zar ne?

Yet it is so provocative.

Ipak, jako je provokativna.

When he posted this image,

Kad je objavio ovu sliku,

Hani Abbas knew it would change his life.

Hani Abbas znao je da će promijeniti njegov život.

It was in 2012, and the Syrians were taking to the streets.

Bila je 2012. i Sirijci su izlazili na ulice.

Of course, the little red flower is the symbol of the Syrian revolution.

Naravno, mali crveni cvijet simbol je sirijske revolucije.

So pretty soon, the regime was after him,

Uskoro, režim mu je bio za petama

and he had to flee the country.

i morao je pobjeći iz zemlje.

A good friend of his, cartoonist Akram Raslan,

Njegov dobar prijatelj, karikaturist Akram Raslan,

didn't make it out of Syria.

nije uspio izaći iz Sirije.

He died under torture.

Umro je u mučeništvu.

In the United States of America recently,

U Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama nedavno su

some of the very top cartoonists, like Nick Anderson and Rob Rogers --

neki od najboljih karikaturista, poput Nicka Andersona i Roba Rogersa -

this is a cartoon by Rob --

ovo je Robova karikatura -

[Memorial Day 2018. (on tombstone) Truth. Honor. Rule of Law.]

[Dan sjećanja 2018. - Istina. Čast. Vladavina zakona.]

izgubili su svoje pozicije jer su njihovi izdavači

they lost their positions

smatrali da njihov rad previše kritizira Trumpa.

because their publishers found their work too critical of Trump.

And the same happened to Canadian cartoonist Michael de Adder.

Isto se dogodilo kanadskom karikaturistu Michaelu de Adderu.

Hey, maybe we should start worrying.

Hej, možda trebamo prestati brinuti.

Political cartoons were born with democracy,

Političke karikature rođene su u demokraciji

and they are challenged when freedom is.

i imaju probleme kad ih ima i sloboda.

You know, over the years,

Znate, tijekom godina,

with the Cartooning for Peace Foundation and other initiatives,

sa Zakladom karikature za mir i drugim inicijativama,

Kofi Annan -- this is not well known -- he was the honorary chair

Kofi Annan - ovaj ne tako poznati - imao je počasno mjesto

of our foundation,

u našoj zakladi,

the late Kofi Annan, Nobel Peace Laureate.

pokojni Kofi Annan, dobitnik Nobelove nagrade.

He was a great defender of cartoons.

Bio je veliki branitelj karikatura.

Or, on the board of the Association of American Editorial Cartoonists,

Ili, u odboru Udruženja američkih uredničkih karikaturista,

we have advocated on behalf of jailed, threatened, fired, exiled cartoonists.

borili smo se za zatvorene, ugrožene, otpuštene i prognane karikaturiste.

But I never saw a case of someone losing his job

Ali nikad nisam vidio slučaj nekoga tko je izgubio posao

over a cartoon he didn't do.

zbog crteža koji nije napravio.

Well, that happened to me.

Pa, to se dogodilo meni.

For the last 20 years, I have been with the "International Herald Tribune"

Zadnjih 20 godina, bio sam s časopisima "International Herald Tribune"

i "New York Times".

and the "New York Times."

Then something happened.

Onda se nešto dogodilo.

In April 2019,

U travnju 2019.,

a cartoon by a famous Portuguese cartoonist,

karikaturu poznatog portugalskog karikaturista

which was first published in a newspaper "El Expresso" in Lisbon,

koja je prvi put objavljena u novinama "El Expresso" u Lisabonu,

was picked by an editor at the "New York Times"

uzeo je urednik "New York Timesa"

and reprinted in the international editions.

i objavio je u međunarodnim izdanjima.

This thing blew up.

Ta se stvar razbuktala.

It was denounced as anti-Semitic,

Prosuđena je kao antisemitska,

triggered widespread outrage,

što je izazvalo široko zgražanje,

apologies

isprike

and a lot of damage control by the Times.

i mnogo popravljanja štete od strane Timesa.

A month after, my editor told me

Mjesec dana kasnije, moj mi je urednik rekao

they were ending political cartoons altogether.

kako ukidaju političke karikature u potpunosti.

So we could, and we should, have a discussion about that cartoon.

Tako smo mogli, i trebali, raspraviti o toj karikaturi.

Some people say it reminds them of the worst anti-Semitic propaganda.

Neki ljudi kažu da ih podsjeća na najgoru antisemitsku propagandu.

Others, including in Israel,

Drugi, uključujući Izrael,

say no, it's just a harsh criticism of Trump,

kažu da nije, to je samo teška kritika Trumpa,

who is shown as blindly following the Prime Minister of Israel.

koji je prikazan kao slijepi pratitelj premijera Izraela.

I have some issues with this cartoon,

Ja imam neke probleme s ovom karikaturom,

but that discussion did not happen at the "New York Times."

ali ta se rasprava nije dogodila u "New York Timesu".

Under attack, they took the easiest path:

Pod napadom, krenuli su najlakšim putem:

in order to not have problems with political cartoons in the future,

kako bi izbjegli buduće probleme s karikaturama,

let's not have any at all.

nemojmo ih uopće imati.

Hey, this is new.

Hej, to je novo.

Did we just invent preventive self-censorship?

Jesmo li upravo stvorili preventivnu autocenzuru?

I think this is bigger than cartoons.

Smatram da je ovo veće od karikatura.

This is about opinion and journalism.

Radi se o mišljenju i novinarstvu.

This, in the end, is about democracy.

Ovo, na kraju krajeva, je o demokraciji.

We now live in a world

Mi sada živimo u svijetu

where moralistic mobs gather on social media

gdje se moralistička rulja skuplja na društvenim mrežama

and rise like a storm.

i uzdiže poput oluje.

The most outraged voices tend to define the conversation,

Najbjesniji glasovi uglavnom definiraju razgovor,

and the angry crowd follows in.

a ljuta rulja prati.

These social media mobs,

Ta rulja s društvenih mreža,

sometimes fueled by interest groups,

ponekad dodatno potiče interesne grupe,

fall upon newsrooms in an overwhelming blow.

upada u redakciju nadmoćnim udarcem.

They send publishers and editors scrambling for countermeasures.

Oni šalju izdavače i urednike trgajući se za mjere otpora.

This leaves no room for meaningful discussions.

Ovo ne ostavlja mjesta za smislene rasprave.

Twitter is a place for fury, not for debate.

Twitter je mjesto za bijes, ne debatu.

And you know what?

I znate što?

Someone described pretty well our human condition in this noisy age.

Netko je dobro opisao naše ljudsko stanje u ovom bučnom dobu.

You know who?

Znate tko?

Shakespeare, 400 years ago.

Shakespeare, prije 400 godina.

["(Life is) a tale told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, signifying nothing."]

["(Život je) priča koju idiot priča, puna krika i bijesa, a ne znači ništa."]

Ovo me dotiče. Shakespeare je i dalje relevantan, zar ne?

This speaks to me. Shakespeare is still very relevant, no?

Ali svijet se malo promijenio.

But the world has changed a bit.

[Too long!]

[Predugo!]

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

It's true.

Istina je.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

You know, social media is both a blessing and a curse for cartoons.

Znate, društvene mreže su i blagoslov i prokletstvo za karikature.

This is the era of the image, so they get shared, they get viral,

Ovo je era slika, pa se dijele, postaju viralne,

but that also makes them a prime target.

ali to ih čini i primarnom metom.

More than often, the real target behind the cartoon

Više no često, prava meta iza karikature

is the media that published it.

jest medij koji ju je objavio.

[Covering Iraq? No, Trump!]

[Čuvate Irak? Ne, Trumpa!]

That relationship between traditional media and social media

Ta veza između tradicionalnih medija i društvenih mreža

is a funny one.

je smiješna.

On one hand, you have the time-consuming process

S jedne strane, imate dugotrajan proces

of information, verification, curation.

informacije, verifikacije, opreza.

On the other hand, it's an open buffet, frankly,

S druge strane, švedski stol, iskreno,

for rumors, opinions, emotions,

glasina, mišljenja, emocija,

amplified by algorithms.

pojačanih algoritmima.

Even quality newspapers mimic the codes of social networks on their websites.

Čak i kvalitetne novine oponašaju kodove društvenih mreža na svojim stranicama.

They highlight the 10 most read, the 10 most shared stories.

Ističu 10 najčitanijih, 10 najviše dijeljenih priča.

They should put forward the 10 most important stories.

Trebali bi u prvi plan staviti 10 najvažnijih priča.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

The media must not be intimidated by social media,

Medije ne trebaju plašiti društveni mediji,

and editors should stop being afraid of the angry mob.

a urednici bi se trebali prestati plašiti ljute rulje.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

We're not going to put up warnings the way we do on cigarette packs, are we?

Nećemo staviti upozorenja kao što stavljamo na kutije cigareta, zar ne?

[Satire can hurt your feelings]

[Satira može povrijediti tvoje osjećaje]

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

Come on.

Molim vas.

[Under your burkini you could be hiding a sex bomb]

[Pod svojim burkinijem možeš skrivati seks bombu]

Political cartoons are meant to provoke, just like opinions.

Političke karikature trebaju provocirati, kao i mišljenja.

But before all, they are meant to be thought-provoking.

Ali prije svega, trebale bi poticati na razmišljanje.

You feel hurt?

Povrijeđeni ste?

Just let it go.

Pustite to.

You don't like it?

Ne sviđa vam se?

Look the other way.

Okrenite glavu.

Freedom of expression is not incompatible with dialogue

Sloboda izražavanja nije nespojiva s dijalogom

and listening to each other.

i međusobnim slušanjem.

But it is incompatible with intolerance.

Ali nije spojiva s netolerancijom.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

Let us not become our own censors in the name of political correctness.

Nemojmo postati vlastiti cenzori u ime političke korektnosti.

We need to stand up, we need to push back,

Moramo ustati, pružiti otpor,

because if we don't, we will wake up tomorrow

jer ako to ne učinimo, probudit ćemo se sutra

in a sanitized world,

u sterilnom svijetu,

where any form of satire and political cartooning becomes impossible.

gdje bilo kakav oblik satire i političkih karikatura postaje nemoguć.

Because, when political pressure meets political correctness,

Jer, kad se politički pritisak susretne s političkom korektnošću,

freedom of speech perishes.

sloboda govora umire.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

Do you remember January 2015?

Sjećate li se siječnja 2015.?

With the massacre of journalists and cartoonists

S masakrom novinara i karikaturista

at "Charlie Hebdo" in Paris,

u redakciji satiričnog tjednika "Charlie Hebdo" u Parizu,

we discovered the most extreme form of censorship:

otkrili smo najekstremniji oblik cenzure:

murder.

ubojstvo.

Remember how it felt.

Sjetite se osjećaja.

[Without humor we are all dead]

[Bez humora svi smo mrtvi]

Whatever one thought of that satirical magazine,

Što god netko mislio o satiričnom časopisu,

however one felt about those particular cartoons,

kako god se netko osjećao u vezi određenih karikatura,

svi smo osjetili da je u pitanju nešto temeljno,

we all sensed that something fundamental was at stake,

that citizens of free societies -- actually, citizens of any society --

da građani slobodnog društva - zapravo, građani bilo kojeg društva -

need humor as much as the air we breathe.

trebaju humor koliko i zrak koji dišemo.

This is why the extremists,

Ovo je zašto ekstremisti,

the dictators, the autocrats and, frankly, all the ideologues of the world

diktatori, autokrati i, iskreno, svi ideolozi svijeta,

cannot stand humor.

ne mogu podnijeti humor.

In the insane world we live in right now,

U ludom svijetu u kojem sad živimo,

we need political cartoons more than ever.

trebamo političke karikature više no ikad.

And we need humor.

I trebamo humor.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)