What's a Food Allergy -- and What's Not? | Body Stuff with Dr. Jen Gunter | TED

People often confuse food allergies and food intolerances.

Prevodilac: Una Kavazović Lektor: Milenka Okuka

Ljudi često mešaju alergije na hranu i intolerancije na hranu.

But it's important to know the difference

Međutim, bitno je znati razliku

because they each require a different treatment.

jer oba slučaja zahtevaju drugačiji tretman.

So what is the difference?

Pa, šta je razlika?

[Body Stuff with Dr. Jen Gunter]

[„Body Stuff” sa dr Džen Ganter]

A food allergy is your body's immune system

Alergija na hranu je kako imuni sistem vašeg tela

responding to specific proteins in certain foods.

reaguje na specifične proteine u određenoj hrani.

For instance, in shellfish,

Na primer, u morskim plodovima,

one of the triggers for allergic reactions is a protein called tropomyosin.

jedan od izazivača alergijske reakcije je protein koji se zove tropomiozin.

And with peanuts, it can be a reaction to one of its many proteins.

A kod kikirikija, to može biti reakcija na jedan od njegovih brojnih proteina.

When a food particle enters the body of someone who's allergic,

Kada čestica hrane uđe u telo nekoga ko je alergičan,

the body's immune system perceives it as a problem, an invader.

imuni sistem tela to doživljava kao problem, kao upad.

Just as your body might respond to a virus as a threat,

Kao što vaše telo može reagovati na virus kao na pretnju,

with food allergies,

kod alergija na hranu,

part of your immune system sees the protein of the food as a threat.

deo vašeg imunog sistema vidi protein hrane kao pretnju.

The allergic reaction can be thought of as a disproportionate

Alergijska reakcija može biti shvaćena kao nesrazmeran

and inappropriate response from the immune system to the food.

i neprimeren odgovor imunog sistema na hranu.

Allergic reactions can range from being mild:

Alergijske reakcije variraju od onih blažih:

tingles in the mouth, hives and rashes,

peckanja u ustima, koprivnjače i osipa,

to being extremely severe, like having trouble breathing.

do onih izuzetno ozbiljnih, kao što su problemi sa disanjem.

And they can even be life threatening.

I one mogu biti čak i opasne po život.

Allergic reactions, with some exceptions,

Alergijske reakcije, sa nekim izuzecima,

almost always happen quickly,

se gotovo uvek dešavaju brzo,

within 30 minutes of eating or exposure to the food.

u roku od 30 minuta od jela ili izlaganja hrani.

A food intolerance, on the other hand,

A intolerancija na hranu, sa druge strane,

is usually our body having trouble digesting certain foods.

obično je poteškoća našeg tela da svari određenu hranu.

Unlike allergies, food intolerances are not related to the immune system.

Za razliku od alergija, intoleracije nisu povezane sa imunim sistemom.

For instance, being lactose intolerant

Na primer, biti intolerantan na laktozu

means you don't have enough of the enzyme that breaks down the lactose in dairy.

znači da nemate dovoljno enzima koji razlažu laktozu u mlečnim proizvodima.

Intolerance to certain foods can often result in digestive issues,

Intoleracija na određenu hranu može rezultirati digestivnim problemima,

including bloating, diarrhea or just generally feeling unwell.

poput nadimanja, dijareje ili uopštenog osećaja nelagodnosti.

Intolerance to food can happen pretty quickly too,

Intolerancija na hranu se može desiti takođe prilično brzo,

but could also show up in the next few days.

ali se isto tako može pojaviti i nakon nekoliko dana.

In other words,

Drugim rečima,

if you experience unpleasantness from something you've eaten a day before,

ako osećate nelagodnost zbog nečega što ste pojeli dan pre,

most of the time it's not an allergy.

u većini slučajeva to nije alergija.

There's a third kind of reaction

Postoji i treća vrsta reakcije

that's neither an allergy or an intolerance.

koja nije ni alergija, ni intolerancija.

For example, celiac disease is an autoimmune condition

Na primer, celijačna bolest je autoimuno stanje

triggered by eating foods containing gluten.

izazvano unosom hrane koja sadrži gluten.

Celiac disease may share some similar symptoms to a food intolerance,

Celijačna bolest može imati par sličnih simptoma kao i intolerancija na hranu,

such as bloating or belly pain.

kao što je nadimanje ili bol u stomaku.

But unlike celiac disease,

Ali za razliku od celijačne bolesti,

food intolerances don't damage the small intestine.

intolerancije na hranu neće oštetiti tanko crevo.

So with all these real but nuanced differences,

Pa, sa svim ovim stvarnim, ali nijansiranim razlikama,

what's the best way to get a proper diagnosis?

koji je najbolji način da se dobije ispravna dijagnoza?

Don’t get one of those “do-it-yourself at-home food-sensitivity” kits.

Nemojte kupovati jedan od onih kompleta kućnih testova osetljivosti na hranu.

Those tests are not scientifically proven to do what they purport to do,

Nije naučno dokazano da ti testovi rade to što tvrde da mogu,

and they aren't reliable diagnostic tools.

i nisu pouzdana dijagnostička sredstva.

If you wonder whether you have an allergy or an intolerance

Ako se pitate da li imate alergiju, intoleranciju

or celiac disease,

ili celijačnu bolest,

talk to your doctor.

porazgovarajte sa doktorom.

They'll be able to recommend the right course of action.

Doktor će moći da preporuči pravi način delovanja.

And in the case of food allergies, an allergist is your go-to person.

A kada su u pitanju alergije na hranu, alergolog je taj kome se treba obratiti.

The two common ways they'll be able to diagnose you

Dva česta načina koja će im omogućiti da vam daju dijagnozu

is by taking a really good food history

je uzimanje kompletne istorije hrane

and giving you an oral food challenge

i rađenje testa oralne provokacije hranom

by giving you certain foods and seeing what happens

tako što će vam dati određenu hranu da bi videli šta će da se desi

in a medically safe and controlled environment.

u medicinski sigurnom i kontrolisanom okruženju.

An allergist can also come up with a plan

Alergolog može smisliti i plan

in case you're exposed to a food you're allergic to

u slučaju da ste izloženi hrani na koju ste alergični,

and may even be able to recommend treatments for some of those allergies.

i može čak biti u mogućnosti da preporuči tretmane za neke od datih alergija.