Ajit Narayanan: A word game to communicate in any language

Prevodilac: Mile Živković Lektor: Dejan Vicai

I work with children with autism.

Ja radim sa decom sa autizmom.

Specifically, I make technologies

Tačnije, razvijam tehnologije

to help them communicate.

koje im pomažu da komuniciraju.

Now, many of the problems that children

Mnogi problemi sa kojima se deca

with autism face, they have a common source,

sa autizmom suočavaju, imaju isti izvor,

and that source is that they find it difficult

a to je da im je veoma teško

to understand abstraction, symbolism.

da razumeju apstrakciju, simbolizam.

And because of this, they have a lot of difficulty with language.

Zbog ovoga, ona imaju mnogo poteškoća sa jezikom.

Let me tell you a little bit about why this is.

Dozvolite mi da vam kažem malo o tome zašto je to tako.

You see that this is a picture of a bowl of soup.

Ovo je slika činije sa supom.

All of us can see it. All of us understand this.

Svi mi to vidimo. Svi mi razumemo to.

These are two other pictures of soup,

Ovo su dve druge slike supe,

but you can see that these are more abstract

ali su one apstraktnije.

These are not quite as concrete.

Nisu u tolikoj meri konkretne.

And when you get to language,

A kada stignemo do jezika,

you see that it becomes a word

vidimo da ona postaje reč,

whose look, the way it looks and the way it sounds,

čiji izgled, kako izgleda i kako zvuči,

has absolutely nothing to do with what it started with,

nema nikakve veze sa onim od čega je potekla

or what it represents, which is the bowl of soup.

ili sa onim što predstavlja, a to je činija supe.

So it's essentially a completely abstract,

Ona je u suštini u potpunosti apstraktna,

a completely arbitrary representation of something

potpuno arbitrarna reprezentacija nečega

which is in the real world,

što je u stvarnom svetu

and this is something that children with autism

i to je nešto sa čime deca sa autizmom

have an incredible amount of difficulty with.

imaju neverovatnih poteškoća.

Now that's why most of the people that work with children with autism --

Zbog ovoga većina ljudi koji rade sa decom sa autizmom -

speech therapists, educators --

govorni terapeuti, učitelji -

what they do is, they try to help children with autism

pokušavaju da pomognu deci sa autizmom

communicate not with words, but with pictures.

da komuniciraju, ne rečima, nego putem slika.

So if a child with autism wanted to say,

Ako bi dete sa autizmom želelo da kaže:

"I want soup," that child would pick

"Želim supu", to dete bi izabralo

three different pictures, "I," "want," and "soup,"

tri različite slike: "ja", "želeti" i "supa"

and they would put these together,

i spojilo bi ih

and then the therapist or the parent would

i tako bi terapeut ili roditelj razumeo

understand that this is what the kid wants to say.

da je to ono što dete želi da kaže.

And this has been incredibly effective;

Ovo je bilo izuzetno efikasno;

for the last 30, 40 years

ljudi su radili ovo

people have been doing this.

u proteklih 30, 40 godina.

In fact, a few years back,

U stvari, pre nekoliko godina,

I developed an app for the iPad

razvio sam aplikaciju za Ajped

which does exactly this. It's called Avaz,

koja radi upravo ovo.

Ona se zove Avaz, a radi tako što dete bira

and the way it works is that kids select

different pictures.

različite slike.

These pictures are sequenced together to form sentences,

Ove slike su poređane u nizu i stvaraju rečenice,

and these sentences are spoken out.

a onda se ove rečenice izgovaraju.

So Avaz is essentially converting pictures,

Avaz u suštini radi konverziju,

it's a translator, it converts pictures into speech.

on je prevodilac koji pretvara slike u govor.

Now, this was very effective.

Ovo je bilo veoma efikasno.

There are thousands of children using this,

Hiljade dece koristi ovo,

you know, all over the world,

znate, širom sveta,

and I started thinking about

i počeo sam da razmišljam

what it does and what it doesn't do.

o tome šta ono radi, a šta ne radi.

And I realized something interesting:

I shvatio sam nešto interesantno:

Avaz helps children with autism learn words.

Avaz pomaže deci sa autizmom da nauče reči.

What it doesn't help them do is to learn

Ali ne pomaže im da nauče

word patterns.

obrasce tih reči.

Let me explain this in a little more detail.

Dozvolite mi da objasnim ovo malo detaljnije.

Take this sentence: "I want soup tonight."

Uzmimo rečenicu: "Želim supu večeras."

Now it's not just the words here that convey the meaning.

Nisu samo reči te koje prenose značenje.

It's also the way in which these words are arranged,

Tu je i način na koji su te reči poređane,

the way these words are modified and arranged.

način na koji su one izmenjene i poređane.

And that's why a sentence like "I want soup tonight"

Zato je rečenica: "Želim supu večeras."

is different from a sentence like

drugačija od rečenice kao što je:

"Soup want I tonight," which is completely meaningless.

"Supa želeti ja večeras", koja je u potpunosti besmislena.

So there is another hidden abstraction here

Tu postoji još jedna skrivena apstrakcija

which children with autism find a lot of difficulty coping with,

sa kojom se deca sa autizmom teško nose,

and that's the fact that you can modify words

a to je činjenica da reči možemo da izmenimo

and you can arrange them to have

i možemo da ih poređamo tako

different meanings, to convey different ideas.

da dobijemo različita značenja, prenesemo različite ideje.

Now, this is what we call grammar.

To je ono što zovemo gramatikom.

And grammar is incredibly powerful,

Gramatika je izuzetno moćna,

because grammar is this one component of language

jer je gramatika komponenta jezika

which takes this finite vocabulary that all of us have

koja uzima ograničen vokabular koji svi mi imamo

and allows us to convey an infinite amount of information,

i dozvoljava nam da prenesemo neograničenu količinu informacija,

an infinite amount of ideas.

beskrajni broj ideja.

It's the way in which you can put things together

To je način na koji spajamo stvari

in order to convey anything you want to.

kako bismo preneli šta god želimo.

And so after I developed Avaz,

Nakon što sam razvio Avaz,

I worried for a very long time

dugo sam razmišljao

about how I could give grammar to children with autism.

o tome kako deci sa autizmom da pružim gramatiku.

The solution came to me from a very interesting perspective.

Rešenje mi se javilo iz jednog interesantnog ugla.

I happened to chance upon a child with autism

Sreo sam jedno dete sa autizmom

conversing with her mom,

koje je razgovaralo sa svojom majkom

and this is what happened.

i ovo se desilo.

Completely out of the blue, very spontaneously,

Sasvim neočekivano, veoma spontano

the child got up and said, "Eat."

dete je prišlo i reklo: "Jesti."

Now what was interesting was

Ono što je bilo interesantno

the way in which the mom was trying to tease out

je bio način na koji je majka pokušavala da odgonetne

the meaning of what the child wanted to say

značenje onoga što je dete želelo da kaže

by talking to her in questions.

postavljanjem pitanja.

So she asked, "Eat what? Do you want to eat ice cream?

Pitala je: "Jesti šta? Želiš li da jedeš sladoled?"

You want to eat? Somebody else wants to eat?

Ti želiš da jedeš? Neko drugi želi da jede?

You want to eat cream now? You want to eat ice cream in the evening?"

Želiš da jedeš sladoled sada? Želiš da jedeš sladoled uveče?"

And then it struck me that

I onda sam shvatio

what the mother had done was something incredible.

da je majka uradila nešto zaista neverovatno.

She had been able to get that child to communicate

Ona je navela to dete da joj prenese

an idea to her without grammar.

ideju bez gramatike.

And it struck me that maybe this is what

I onda sam shvatio da je možda ovo

I was looking for.

ono što sam tražio.

Instead of arranging words in an order, in sequence,

Umesto ređanja reči u nizove,

as a sentence, you arrange them

kao rečenice, poređajmo ih

in this map, where they're all linked together

na ovu mapu, gde su sve one povezane

not by placing them one after the other

ne putem njihovog nizanja jednih nakon drugih,

but in questions, in question-answer pairs.

već pitanjima, u parovima pitanja i odgovora.

And so if you do this, then what you're conveying

Ako uradimo ovo, onda ne prenosimo

is not a sentence in English,

rečenicu na engleskom,

but what you're conveying is really a meaning,

ono što prenosimo je u stvari značenje,

the meaning of a sentence in English.

značenje rečenice na engleskom.

Now, meaning is really the underbelly, in some sense, of language.

Značenje je u stvari u nekom smislu potpora jezika.

It's what comes after thought but before language.

To je ono što dolazi nakon misli, ali pre jezika.

And the idea was that this particular representation

Ideja je bila da ovaj način predstavljanja

might convey meaning in its raw form.

može da prenese značenje u njegovom sirovom obliku.

So I was very excited by this, you know,

Bio sam veoma uzbuđen ovim, znate,

hopping around all over the place,

skakao sam gore-dole

trying to figure out if I can convert

pokušavajući da otkrijem mogu li da pretvorim

all possible sentences that I hear into this.

sve moguće rečenice koje čujem u ovo.

And I found that this is not enough.

I otkrio sam da ovo nije dovoljno.

Why is this not enough?

Zašto nije dovoljno?

This is not enough because if you wanted to convey

Nije dovoljno, jer ako želite

something like negation,

da prenesete nešto kao negaciju,

you want to say, "I don't want soup,"

želite da kažete: "Ne želim supu",

then you can't do that by asking a question.

onda to ne možete da uradite postavljanjem pitanja.

You do that by changing the word "want."

To radite promenom reči "želeti".

Again, if you wanted to say,

Ukoliko bismo želeli da kažemo:

"I wanted soup yesterday,"

"Želeo sam supu juče",

you do that by converting the word "want" into "wanted."

pretvaramo reč "želeti" u "želeo".

It's a past tense.

To je prošlo vreme.

So this is a flourish which I added

Ovo je ono što sam dodao

to make the system complete.

kako bih kompletirao sistem.

This is a map of words joined together

Ovo je mapa povezanih reči

as questions and answers,

putem pitanja i odgovora,

and with these filters applied on top of them

a ovo su filteri primenjeni na njima

in order to modify them to represent

kako bi pretvorili reči da bi one

certain nuances.

predstavljale određene nijanse.

Let me show you this with a different example.

Pogledajmo to na drugačijem primeru.

Let's take this sentence:

Uzmimo rečenicu:

"I told the carpenter I could not pay him."

"Rekao sam stolaru da ne mogu da mu platim."

It's a fairly complicated sentence.

Ovo je poprilično složena rečenica.

The way that this particular system works,

Način na koji ovaj sistem radi je takav

you can start with any part of this sentence.

da možete da krenete od bilo kog dela ove rečenice.

I'm going to start with the word "tell."

Ja ću krenuti sa rečju: "reći".

So this is the word "tell."

Ovo je reč "reći".

Now this happened in the past,

Pošto se ovo desilo u prošlosti,

so I'm going to make that "told."

pretvoriću je u "rekao".

Now, what I'm going to do is,

Sada ću

I'm going to ask questions.

postaviti pitanje.

So, who told? I told.

Ko je rekao? Ja sam rekao.

I told whom? I told the carpenter.

Kome sam rekao? Rekao sam stolaru.

Now we start with a different part of the sentence.

Sada ćemo krenuti od drugog dela rečenice.

We start with the word "pay,"

Krenućemo od reči "platiti"

and we add the ability filter to it to make it "can pay."

i dodaćemo filter za mogućnost da bismo je pretvorili u "mogu da platim".

Then we make it "can't pay,"

Zatim ćemo je pretvoriti u "ne mogu da platim"

and we can make it "couldn't pay"

i onda u "nisam mogao da platim"

by making it the past tense.

dodavajući prošlo vreme.

So who couldn't pay? I couldn't pay.

Ko nije mogao da plati? Ja nisam mogao da platim.

Couldn't pay whom? I couldn't pay the carpenter.

Kome nisam mogao da platim? Nisam mogao da platim stolaru.

And then you join these two together

Onda spojimo ova dva dela

by asking this question:

postavljanjem pitanja:

What did I tell the carpenter?

"Šta sam rekao stolaru?

I told the carpenter I could not pay him.

Rekao sam stolaru da ne mogu da mu platim.

Now think about this. This is

Razmislite o ovome. Ovo je

—(Applause)—

- (Aplauz) -

this is a representation of this sentence

ovo je predstavljanje ove rečenice bez jezika.

without language.

And there are two or three interesting things about this.

Postoje dve ili tri interesantne stvari u vezi s ovim.

First of all, I could have started anywhere.

Prvo, mogao sam da počnem bilo gde.

I didn't have to start with the word "tell."

Nisam morao da krenem sa rečju "reći".

I could have started anywhere in the sentence,

Mogao sam da krenem bilo gde

and I could have made this entire thing.

i mogao sam da stvorim sve ovo.

The second thing is, if I wasn't an English speaker,

Druga stvar je, da nisam govornik engleskog,

if I was speaking in some other language,

da govorim nekim drugim jezikom,

this map would actually hold true in any language.

ova mapa bi bila identična u bilo kom jeziku.

So long as the questions are standardized,

Dokle god su pitanja standardizovana,

the map is actually independent of language.

ova mapa je u stvari nezavisna od jezika.

So I call this FreeSpeech,

Ovo sam nazvao FreeSpeech

and I was playing with this for many, many months.

i igrao sam se ovime mnogo meseci.

I was trying out so many different combinations of this.

Pokušavao sam mnogo različitih kombinacija

And then I noticed something very interesting about FreeSpeech.

I onda sam primetio nešto veoma interesantno.

I was trying to convert language,

Pokušavao sam da pretvorim jezik,

convert sentences in English into sentences in FreeSpeech,

rečenice na engleskom u rečenice FreeSpeech-a

and vice versa, and back and forth.

i obrnuto, u jednom i drugom pravcu.

And I realized that this particular configuration,

I shvatio sam da mi je ova konfiguracija,

this particular way of representing language,

ovaj način predstavljanja jezika,

it allowed me to actually create very concise rules

da su mi dozvolili da stvorim veoma koncizna pravila

that go between FreeSpeech on one side

koja povezuju FreeSpeech sa jedne strane

and English on the other.

i engleski s druge.

So I could actually write this set of rules

Tako bih mogao na napišem set ovakvih pravila

that translates from this particular representation into English.

koji prevodi iz ove reprezentacije u engleski.

And so I developed this thing.

I razvio sam to.

I developed this thing called the FreeSpeech Engine

Razvio sam takozvani FreeSpeech Engine

which takes any FreeSpeech sentence as the input

koji uzima bilo koju FreeSpeech rečenicu kao ulaznu informaciju

and gives out perfectly grammatical English text.

i daje gramatičnu englesku rečenicu.

And by putting these two pieces together,

Spajanjem ova dva dela

the representation and the engine,

predstave i mehanizma

I was able to create an app, a technology for children with autism,

stvorio sam aplikaciju, tehnologiju za decu sa autizmom

that not only gives them words

koja im ne daje samo reči

but also gives them grammar.

nego im daje i gramatiku.

So I tried this out with kids with autism,

Ispobao sam ovo sa decom sa autizmom

and I found that there was an incredible amount of identification.

i otkrio sam da postoji visok stepen identifikacije.

They were able to create sentences in FreeSpeech

Mogli su da stvaraju rečenice u FreeSpeech-u

which were much more complicated but much more effective

koje su bile mnogo složenije, ali i efikasnije

than equivalent sentences in English,

od ekvivalenata na engleskom

and I started thinking about

i počeo sam da razmišljam o tome

why that might be the case.

zašto je to tako.

And I had an idea, and I want to talk to you about this idea next.

Imao sam ideju, i želim sada da vam pričam o njoj.

In about 1997, about 15 years back,

1997, pre oko 15 godina

there were a group of scientists that were trying

grupa naučnika pokušavala je

to understand how the brain processes language,

da razume kako mozak obrađuje jezik

and they found something very interesting.

i otkrili su nešto veoma interesantno.

They found that when you learn a language

Otkrili su da kada učimo jezik

as a child, as a two-year-old,

kao deca, kao dvogodišnjaci,

you learn it with a certain part of your brain,

učimo ga sa jednim delom mozga,

and when you learn a language as an adult --

a kada ga učimo kao odrasli -

for example, if I wanted to learn Japanese right now —

na primer, ako bih sada želeo da naučim japanski -

a completely different part of my brain is used.

koristio bih potpuno drugačiji deo mozga.

Now I don't know why that's the case,

Ne znam zašto je to tako,

but my guess is that that's because

pretpostavljam da je to zato što

when you learn a language as an adult,

kada učimo jezike kao odrasli,

you almost invariably learn it

skoro stalno ih učimo

through your native language, or through your first language.

putem maternjeg jezika ili putem prvog jezika.

So what's interesting about FreeSpeech

Ono što je interesantno u vezi FreeSpeech-a

is that when you create a sentence

je da kada stvarate rečenicu

or when you create language,

ili kada stvarate jezik,

a child with autism creates language with FreeSpeech,

kada dete sa autizmom stvara jezik pomoću FreeSpeech-a,

they're not using this support language,

ono ga ne koristi kao pomoćni jezik,

they're not using this bridge language.

kao vezu između dva jezika.

They're directly constructing the sentence.

Oni direktno stvaraju rečenicu.

And so this gave me this idea.

Ovo mi je dalo ideju.

Is it possible to use FreeSpeech

Da li je moguće koristiti FreeSpeech

not for children with autism

ne za decu sa autizmom,

but to teach language to people without disabilities?

nego da ljude bez invaliditeta učimo jezicima?

And so I tried a number of experiments.

Sproveo sam nekoliko eksperimenata.

The first thing I did was I built a jigsaw puzzle

Prva stvar koju sam napravio je slagalica

in which these questions and answers

u kojoj su ova pitanja i odgovori

are coded in the form of shapes,

pretvoreni u oblike,

in the form of colors,

boje

and you have people putting these together

i ljudi ovo slažu

and trying to understand how this works.

i pokušavaju da razumeju kako radi.

And I built an app out of it, a game out of it,

Napravio sam aplikaciju, igru,

in which children can play with words

u kojoj deca mogu da se igraju rečima,

and with a reinforcement,

i putem potvrde,

a sound reinforcement of visual structures,

zvučne potvrde vizuelnih struktura,

they're able to learn language.

oni mogu da nauče jezik.

And this, this has a lot of potential, a lot of promise,

Ovo ima mnogo potencijala, obećava mnogo

and the government of India recently

i vlada Indije je nedavno

licensed this technology from us,

otkupila ovu tehnologiju od nas

and they're going to try it out with millions of different children

i isprobavaju je sa milionima dece

trying to teach them English.

pokušavajući da ih nauče engleski.

And the dream, the hope, the vision, really,

San, nada, vizija

is that when they learn English this way,

je da kada ovako uče engleski

they learn it with the same proficiency

oni ga uče sa istom sposobnošću

as their mother tongue.

kao svoj maternji jezik.

All right, let's talk about something else.

Hajde da govorimo o nečemu drugom.

Let's talk about speech.

Hajde da govorimo o govoru.

This is speech.

Ovo je govor.

So speech is the primary mode of communication

Govor je primarno sredstvo komunikacije

delivered between all of us.

između svih nas.

Now what's interesting about speech is that

Kod govora je interesantno to što je on

speech is one-dimensional.

jednodimenzionalan.

Why is it one-dimensional?

Zašto je jednodimenzionalan?

It's one-dimensional because it's sound.

Zato što je zvuk.

It's also one-dimensional because

Jednodimenzionalan je takođe

our mouths are built that way.

jer su nam usta tako napravljena.

Our mouths are built to create one-dimensional sound.

Naša usta su stvorena da stvaraju jednodimenzionalni zvuk.

But if you think about the brain,

Ali ako razmislite, mozak,

the thoughts that we have in our heads

misli koje imamo u glavi,

are not one-dimensional.

nisu jednodimenzionalne.

I mean, we have these rich,

Imamo ove bogate,

complicated, multi-dimensional ideas.

komplikovane, multi-dimenzionalne ideje.

Now, it seems to me that language

Čini mi se da je jezik

is really the brain's invention

u stvari izum mozga

to convert this rich, multi-dimensional thought

kojim pretvara ovu bogatu, multi-dimenzionalnu misao

on one hand

s jedne strane

into speech on the other hand.

u govor s druge strane.

Now what's interesting is that

Interesantno je to da

we do a lot of work in information nowadays,

danas mnogo radimo sa informacijama

and almost all of that is done in the language domain.

i skoro sve što se radi je u domenu jezika.

Take Google, for example.

Uzmimo Gugl, na primer.

Google trawls all these countless billions of websites,

Gugl pročešljava nebrojene milijarde sajtova,

all of which are in English, and when you want to use Google,

od kojih su svi na engleskom, i kada želite da koristite Gugl,

you go into Google search, and you type in English,

idete na Gugl pretragu i kucate na engleskom,

and it matches the English with the English.

i ona upari engleski s engleskim.

What if we could do this in FreeSpeech instead?

Šta ako bismo ovo mogli da uradimo sa FreeSpeech-om?

I have a suspicion that if we did this,

Čini mi se da kada bismo ovo uradili,

we'd find that algorithms like searching,

otkrili bismo da su algoritmi poput pretrage,

like retrieval, all of these things,

davanja rezultata, sve ove stvari,

are much simpler and also more effective,

da je sve to jednostavnije i efikasnije,

because they don't process the data structure of speech.

jer ne mora da se obradi struktura podataka govora.

Instead they're processing the data structure of thought.

Umesto toga se obrađuje struktura podataka misli.

The data structure of thought.

Struktura podataka misli.

That's a provocative idea.

To je provokativna zamisao.

But let's look at this in a little more detail.

Ali hajde da detaljnije pogledamo ovo.

So this is the FreeSpeech ecosystem.

Ovo je ekosistem FreeSpeech-a.

We have the Free Speech representation on one side,

Sa jedne strane imamo prikaz FreeSpeech-a,

and we have the FreeSpeech Engine, which generates English.

i imamo mehanizam FreeSpeech-a, koji stvara engleski.

Now if you think about it,

Ako razmislite o tome,

FreeSpeech, I told you, is completely language-independent.

rekao sam vam da je FreeSpeech potpuno nezavisan od jezika.

It doesn't have any specific information in it

U sebi ne sadrži posebne informacije

which is about English.

vezane za engleski.

So everything that this system knows about English

Sve što ovaj sistem zna o engleskom

is actually encoded into the engine.

je zapravo zapisano u mehanizmu.

That's a pretty interesting concept in itself.

To je samo po sebi zanimljiv koncept.

You've encoded an entire human language

Kodirali smo čitav ljudski jezik

into a software program.

u softverski program.

But if you look at what's inside the engine,

Ali ako pogledate unutar mehanizma,

it's actually not very complicated.

zapravo nije veoma komplikovano.

It's not very complicated code.

Kod nije veoma komplikovan.

And what's more interesting is the fact that

A interesantnija je činjenica

the vast majority of the code in that engine

da je većina koda u tom mehanizmu

is not really English-specific.

nevezana za engleski.

And that gives this interesting idea.

To nam je dalo zanimljivu ideju.

It might be very easy for us to actually

Možda bi bilo lako da zapravo

create these engines in many, many different languages,

napravimo ove mehanizme u mnogo različitih jezika,

in Hindi, in French, in German, in Swahili.

indijskom, francuskom, nemačkom, svahiliju.

And that gives another interesting idea.

A to nam je dalo još jednu zanimljivu ideju.

For example, supposing I was a writer,

Na primer, recimo da sam pisac,

say, for a newspaper or for a magazine.

za novine ili magazin.

I could create content in one language, FreeSpeech,

Mogao bih da stvaram sadržaj u jednom jeziku, FreeSpeech-u,

and the person who's consuming that content,

a osoba koja konzumira taj sadržaj,

the person who's reading that particular information

koja čita te informacije,

could choose any engine,

mogla bi da odabere bilo koji mehanizam,

and they could read it in their own mother tongue,

i mogla bi da čita to

in their native language.

na svom maternjem jeziku.

I mean, this is an incredibly attractive idea,

Ovo je neverovatno privlačna ideja,

especially for India.

naročito za Indiju.

We have so many different languages.

Imamo toliko različitih jezika.

There's a song about India, and there's a description

Postoji pesma o Indiji, i postoji

of the country as, it says,

opis zemlje koji kaže,

(in Sanskrit).

(na Sanskritu).

That means "ever-smiling speaker

To znači: "govornik predivnih jezika

of beautiful languages."

koji se stalno smeje".

Language is beautiful.

Jezik je predivan.

I think it's the most beautiful of human creations.

Mislim da je to najlepša od svih ljudskih kreacija.

I think it's the loveliest thing that our brains have invented.

Mislim da je to najdraža stvar koju su smislili naši mozgovi.

It entertains, it educates, it enlightens,

On zabavlja, obrazuje, prosvetljuje,

but what I like the most about language

ali kod jezika najviše volim to

is that it empowers.

što daje moć.

I want to leave you with this.

Želim da vas ostavim sa ovim.

This is a photograph of my collaborators,

Ovo je fotografija mojih saradnika,

my earliest collaborators

najranijih saradnika,

when I started working on language

kada sam počeo da radim na jeziku

and autism and various other things.

i autizmu i drugim stvarima.

The girl's name is Pavna,

Ime ove devojčice je Pavna,

and that's her mother, Kalpana.

a to je njena majka, Kalpana.

And Pavna's an entrepreneur,

Pavna je preduzetnica,

but her story is much more remarkable than mine,

ali njena priča je fascinantnija od moje,

because Pavna is about 23.

jer Pavna ima oko 23 godine.

She has quadriplegic cerebral palsy,

Ona ima cerebralnu paralizu,

so ever since she was born,

tako da od svog rođenja

she could neither move nor talk.

nije mogla da se pomera ili priča.

And everything that she's accomplished so far,

Sve što je do sada postigla,

finishing school, going to college,

završavanje škole, odlazak na fakultet,

starting a company,

osnivanje kompanije,

collaborating with me to develop Avaz,

saradnja sa mnom na razvijanju Avaza,

all of these things she's done

sve ove stvari je uradila

with nothing more than moving her eyes.

samo uz pomeranje svojih očiju.

Daniel Webster said this:

Danijel Vebster je rekao ovo:

He said, "If all of my possessions were taken

"Kada bi mi oduzeli sve stvari,

from me with one exception,

uz jedan izuzetak,

I would choose to keep the power of communication,

odabrao bih da zadržim moć komunikacije,

for with it, I would regain all the rest."

jer bih uz njenu pomoć vratio sve ostalo".

And that's why, of all of these incredible applications of FreeSpeech,

Zbog toga, od svih neverovatnih primena FreeSpeech-a,

the one that's closest to my heart

meni je najdraža

still remains the ability for this

mogućnost da se da moć

to empower children with disabilities

deci sa invaliditetom,

to be able to communicate,

da mogu da mogu da komuniciraju,

the power of communication,

moć komunikacije,

to get back all the rest.

kako bi mogli da vrate sve ostalo.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

Thank you. (Applause)

Hvala vam. (Aplauz)

Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. (Applause)

Hvala vam. Hvala vam. (Aplauz)

Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. (Applause)

Hvala vam. Hvala. (Aplauz)