Anil Gupta: India's hidden hotbeds of invention

Translator: Etrit Adami Reviewer: Helena Bedalli

I bring to you

Une sjell tek juve

a message from

nje mesazh nga

tens of thousands of people --

dhjetra mijera njerez

in the villages, in the slums,

in fshatra dhe lagje te varfra

in the hinterland of the country --

ne zonat e thella te vendit ,

who have solved problems

te cilet i kane zgjidhur problemet

through their own genius,

permes gjenialitetit te tyre ,

without any

pa asnje

outside help.

ndihme nga jashte .

When our home minister announces

Kur ministri jone shpalli

a few weeks ago

disa jave me perpara

a war on

nje lufte

one third of India,

1//3 e Indise

about 200 districts that he mentioned

reth 200 rajone qe ai permendi

were ungovernable,

ishin te pa qeverishme

he missed the point.

ai e humbi ceshtjen,

The point that we have been stressing

nje ceshtje qe na ka stresuar neve

for the last 21 years,

per 21 vitet e fundit ,

the point that

ceshtjen qe

people may be economically poor,

shume njerez jane ekonomikisht te varfer,

but they're not poor in the mind.

por ata nuk jane te varfer ne mendjet e tyre.

In other words,

Me fjale te tjera ,

the minds on the margin

mendjet ne kufij

are not the marginal minds.

nuk jane mendje te kufizuara

That is the message,

Ky eshte mesazhi ,

which we started 31 years ago.

me te cilin filluam 31 vite me pare .

And what did it start?

Por cfare e filloi ate ?

Let me just tell you, briefly, my personal journey,

Me lejoni qe shkurtimisht, t'ju tregoj, udhetimin tim personal,

which led me to come to this point.

qe me drejtoi mua te arrij te kjo pike.

In '85, '86, I was in Bangladesh

"85 deri '86 une isha ne Bangladesh

advising the government and the research council there

duke keshilluar qeverine dhe keshilin e kerkimeve aty

how to help scientists work on the lands,

se si te ndihmojne punen e shkencetareve

on the fields of the poor people,

ne terrenin e njerezve te varfer

and how to develop research technologies,

dhe si te zhvillojme teknologji kerkimi

which are based on the knowledge of the people.

qe jane te bazuara ne njohurine e njerzve

I came back in '86.

u ktheva ne '86

I had been tremendously invigorated

kam qene i frymezuar pa mase

by the knowledge and creativity that I found in that country,

nga njohurite dhe krijimtarine qe gjeta ne ate shtet ,

which had 60 percent landlessness

ku 60% ishin pa toke.

but amazing creativity.

por me nje krijimtari te mahnitshme .

I started looking at my own work:

Une fillova te shikoja tek puna ime .

The work that I had done

Puna qe kisha bere

for the previous 10 years,

per 10 vitet e meparshme ,

almost every time,

pothuajse cdo kohe,

had instances of knowledge

kisha shembuj njohurish

that people had shared.

te cilat mi kishin treguar njerzit .

Now, I was paid in dollars as a consultant,

Tani, une paguesha ne dollare, si konsulent,

and I looked at my income tax return

shikova formularin e kthimit te taksave

and tried to ask myself: "Is there a line in my return,

dhe u perpoqa te pyes vehten: "A ka ndonje rresht ne kthmin tim,

which shows how much of this income has gone

qe me tregon sa shume nga te ardhurat jane harxhuar

to the people whose knowledge

tek njerzit njohurite e te cileve

has made it possible?

e ka bere te mundur kete?"

Was it because I'm brilliant

Eshte kjo ngaqe une jam brilant

that I'm getting this reward, or because of the revolution?

qe po marr kete shperblim , apo ...?

Is it that I write very well?

Ndodh kjo, ngaqe une shkruaj shume mire ?

Is it that I articulate very well?

Apo ngaqe une flas shume mire ?

Is it that I analyze the data very well?

Apo ngaqe une analizoj te dhenat shume mire ?

Is it because I'm a professor, and, therefore,

Apo sepse une jam profesor , dhe , keshtu qe ,

I must be entitled to this reward from society?"

Une duhet te titullohem me kete cmim nga shoqeria?

I tried to convince myself that, "No, no,

U perpoqa t'i mbushja mendjen vehtes qe , Jo, jo ,

I have worked for the policy changes.

Une do te votoj per politikat e ndryshimit .

You know, the public policy will become

Ju e dini, qe politika publike do te behet

more responsive to the needs of the poor,

me e pergjegjshme per nevojat e te varferve,

and, therefore I think it's okay."

dhe, keshtuqe , une mendoj Ok .

But it appeared to me

Por me duket mua

that all these years that I'd been working on exploitation --

qe tere keto vite qe une kam punuar mbi shfrytëzimin

exploitation by landlords,

shfrytëzim nga i zoti tokes

by moneylenders, by traders --

nga qiradhenesit e tokave, nga tregtaret

gave me an insight that

me dhane aftesine per te kuptuar qe

probably I was also an exploiter,

ndoshta une isha shfrytëzues gjithashtu

because there was no line in my income tax return

sepse nuk kishte asnje rresht ne formen e taxave

which showed this income accrued

qe tregonte kete te ardhur te akumuluar

because of the brilliance of the people --

nga madheshtia ketyre njerzve,

those people who have shared their knowledge and good faith and trust with me --

keta njerez qe i kane ndare njohurite e tyre dhe kane besim tek une,

and nothing ever went back to them.

dhe asgje tjeter nuk iu kthye atyre .

So much so, that much of my work till that time

Aq shume saqe ajo pune e madhe tere kete kohe

was in the English language.

ishte ne gjuhen Angleze.

The majority of the people from whom I learned didn't know English.

Pjesa me e madhe e njerezve nga te cileti mesova nuk dinin anglisht.

So what kind of a contributor was I?

Kshu qe cfare lloj kontribuesi isha une?

I was talking about social justice,

Une po flisja per drejtesine shoqerore ,

and here I was, a professional

dhe ketu isha profesionist

who was pursuing the most unjust act --

i cili vepron me te pa drejte ,

of taking knowledge from the people, making them anonymous,

duke marre njohurite nga njerzit, i le ata anonim ,

getting rent from that knowledge

behet i pasur nga ajo njohuri

by sharing it and doing consultancy, writing papers and

duke e ndare ate , duke u konsultuar , duke shkruar letra ,

publishing them in the papers,

duke i publikuar ato neper gazeta,

getting invited to the conferences,

duke u ftuar neper konferenca ,

getting consultancies and whatever have you.

duke u bere konsulent, apo cfaredo gje tjeter.

So then, a dilemma rose in the mind that,

Keshtu qe, dilema u ngrit me mendjen time qe ,

if I'm also an exploiter, then this is not right;

nqse, une jam shfrytezues, kjo nuk eshte mire ;

life cannot go on like that.

jeta nuk mund te vazhdoie keshtu .

And this was a moment of great pain and trauma

Dhe ky ishte momenti i nje dhimbje te madhe dhe traume

because I couldn't live with it any longer.

sespe nuk mund te jetoja me kete fakt me gjate .

So I did a review of

Keshtu qe bera nje shqyrtim te,

ethical dilemma and value conflicts and management research,

konfliktit vlerë dhe dileme etike në shkencat sociale dhe hulumtimeve menaxheriale,

wrote, read about 100 papers.

shkruajta , dhe lexova rreth 100 artikuj .

And I came to the conclusion that

Dhe arrita ne konkluzionin qe,

while dilemma is unique,

ndersa dilema eshte unike,

dilemma is not unique; the solution had to be unique.

dilema nuk eshte unike, zgjidhja duhet te jete unike.

And one day -- I don't know what happened --

Dhe nje dite -- Se di se cfare ndodhi --

while coming back from the office towards home,

ndersa po kthehesha nga zyra drejt shtepise time,

maybe I saw a honey bee

ndoshta une pashe nje blete ,

or it occurred to my mind that if I only could be like the honey bee,

ose mu duk ne mendjen time , sikur mund te ishte blete

life would be wonderful.

jeta do te ishte shume e bukur .

What the honey bee does: it pollinates,

Cfare ben bleta:ajo polenizon

takes nectar from the flower,

merr nektarin nga lulja ,

pollinates another flower, cross-pollinates.

dhe polenizon nje lule tjeter, polenizim i kryqezuar

And when it takes the nectar,

Dhe kur merr nektarin ,

the flowers don't feel shortchanged.

lulja nuk e ndjen ndyshimin

In fact, they invite the honey bees

Ne fact ato i ftojne bletet

through their colors,

permes ngjyrave te tyre .

and the bees don't keep all the honey for themselves.

Dhe bletet nuk e mbajne mjaltin te gjithe per vete .

These are the three guiding principles of the Honey Bee Network:

Jane tre principe udhezuese te rritjes se bleteve --

that whenever we learn something from people

qe kurdo qofte ne mesojme dicka nga njerzit

it must be shared with them in their language.

ajo cka mesojme i duhet treguar atyre ne gjuhen e tyre .

They must not remain anonymous.

Ata nuk duhet te qendrojne anonim .

And I must tell you that after 20 years,

Dhe duhet t'ju tregoj qe mbas 20 vjetesh ,

I have not made one percent of change

Une nuk kam bere as 1 % ndryshim

in the professional practice of this art.

ne praktiken profesionale te ketij arti .

That is a great tragedy -- which I'm carrying still with me

Kjo eshte nje tragjedi e madhe qe une mbart akoma mbi vete,

and I hope that all of you will carry this with you --

dhe shpresoj te gjithe juve ta mbartni me vete ,

that the profession still legitimizes publication

qe profesioni akoma ligjeron publikimin

of knowledge of people without attributing them

e njohurive te njerezve pa i atribuar atyre ,

by making them anonymous.

ti besh ata anomin .

The research guidelines of U.S. National Academy of Sciences

Nje kerkim direktive i Akademise Nacionale te Shkences ne SHBA

or Research Councils of the U.K.

dhe Keshillet e Kerkimeve te Britanise se madhe

or of Indian Councils of Science Research

ose Keshilli Indian i Kerkimeve Shkencore

do not require

nuk kerkojne ,

that whatever you learn from people, you must share back with them.

qe cdo gje qe ti meson prej njerzve , duhet ndash po me ata .

We are talking about an accountable society,

Ne po flasim per nje shoqeri te pergjegjshme ,

a society that is fair and just,

nje shoqeri qe eshte premtuese dhe e drejte .

and we don't even do justice in the knowledge market.

Dhe madje nuk bejme drejtesi ne tregun e njohurive .

And India wants to be a knowledge society.

Dhe India deshiron te jete nje shoqeri njohurish .

How will it be a knowledge society?

Si do te jete nje shoqeri njohurish ?

So, obviously, you cannot have two principles of justice,

Keshtu, me sa duket, nuk mund te kesh dy principe te drejtesise,

one for yourself and one for others.

nje per veten tende dhe nje per te tjeret.

It must be the same.

Duhet te jete e njejte.

You cannot discriminate.

Ti nuk mund te diskriminosh .

You cannot be in favor of your own values,

Ti nuk mund te favorizosh vlerat e tua ,

which are at a distance from

qe jane ne nje distance nga

the values that you espouse.

vlerat qe ti do te ndjekesh .

So, fairness to one and to the other

Keshtu qe, padrejtesia e njerit ndaj tjetrit

is not divisible.

nuk eshte e ndashme .

Look at this picture.

Shikojeni kete pikture.

Can you tell me where has it been taken from,

A mund te me thoni se ne c'vend eshte marre,

and what is it meant for? Anybody?

dhe pse eshte perdorur, ndonjeri?

I'm a professor; I must quiz you. (Laughter)

Une jam profesori ; Une duhet pyes ju.

Anybody? Any guess at all?

Ndonjeri, ndonje hamendje, ?

Pardon? (Audience Member: Rajasthan.)

Me fal ?( Pjestari i Auditorit : Rajasthan.)

Anil Gupta: But what has it been used for? What has it been used for?

Anil Gupta: Por per cfare hyn ne pune , Per cfare eshte perdorur?

(Murmuring)

(Mermeritje)

Pardon?

Me falni ?

You know, you're so right. We must give him a hand,

Ae e di , ju keni te drejte. Ne duhet ta ndihmojme ate .

because this man knows how insensitive our government is.

Sepse ky njeri e di sa e pandjeshme eshte qeveria jone .

Look at this. This is the site of the government of India.

Shikojeni kete. Kjo eshte faqja e qeverise Indiane .

It invites tourists

Ajo fton turistet.

to see the shame of our country.

per te pare turpin e vendit tone.

I'm so sorry to say that.

Me vjen shume keq ta them kete .

Is this a beautiful picture

Kjo eshte nje foto shume e bukur --

or is it a terrible picture?

apo eshte nje foto e tmerrshme?

It depends upon how you look at the life of the people.

Varet se si e shikon jeten e ketyre njerezve.

If this woman has to carry water on her head

Kjo grua duhet te mbaje uje mbi koken e vet.

for miles and miles and miles,

per milje dhe milje dhe milje,

you cannot be celebrating that.

di nuk mund ta festosh kete.

We should be doing something about it.

Ne duhet te bejme dicka rreth kesaj gjeje .

And let me tell you, with all the science and technology at our command,

Dhe me lejoni te them, me te gjithe shkencen dhe teknologjine ne duar tona ,

millions of women still carry water on their heads.

miliona gra akoma mbajne uje mbi kokat e tyre.

And we do not ask this question.

Dhe nuk e bejme kete pyetje.

You must have taken tea in the morning.

Ju duhet te keni pire caj ne mengjes .

Think for a minute.

Mendoni per nje minue.

The leaves of the tea, plucked from the bushes;

Gjethet e cajit, te shkulura nga shkuret .

you know what the action is? The action is:

Ae di cili eshte veprimi ? eshte i tille :

The lady picks up a few leaves, puts them in the basket on the backside.

Gruaja keput disa gjethe, i ve ato ne shporte ne kurriz .

Just do it 10 times;

ta besh kete vetem 10 here;

you will realize the pain in this shoulder.

do ndjesh dhimbjen ne shpatull .

And she does it a few thousand times

Dhe ajo e ben ate per mijra here

every day.

cdo dite.

The rice that you ate in the lunch, and you will eat today,

Orizi qe hani per dreke, dhe qe do hani sot,

is transplanted by women

eshte mbledhur nga grate

bending in a very awkward posture,

te perkulura ne pozicion shume te keq

millions of them,

miliona nga ato ,

every season, in the paddy season,

cdo sezon, ne sezonin e orizit,

when they transplant paddy

kur ato mbledhin oriz te paqeruar

with their feet in the water.

me kembet ne uje .

And feet in the water will develop fungus,

Dhe kembet e tyre ne uje do zene semundje kerpudhash,

infections,

infeksione.

and that infection pains

e ato infeksione dhembin

because then other insects bite that point.

se dhe insektet e tjera pickojne ne ate vend.

And every year,

Dhe cdo vit ,

99.9 percent of the paddy is transplanted manually.

99.9 perqind i ketij orizi mblidhet manualisht.

No machines have been developed.

Asnje makineri s'eshte bere per kete.

So the silence of scientists,

Keshtu qe heshtja e shkencetareve

of technologists, of public policy makers,

te teknologjisteve, e politikaberesve publike,

of the change agent, drew our attention that this is not on, this is not on;

te agjenteve te ndryshimit, tërhoqi vëmendjen tonë, kjo nuk eshte,

this is not the way society will work.

kjo nuk eshte menyra se si shoqeria punon .

This is not what our parliament would do. You know,

Kjo nuk eshte ajo qe parlamenti yne duhet te beje.

we have a program for employment:

Ne kemi nje program per punesimin .

One hundred, 250 million people

Nen ate 250 milion njerezve

have to be given jobs for 100 days by this great country.

duhet ti jepet pune per 100 dite nga ky shtet i madh .

Doing what? Breaking stones, digging earth.

Per te bere cfare? Per thyerje guresh, germim toke.

So we asked a question to the parliament:

Keshtu qe i drejtohem me nje pyetje parlamentit,

Do poor have heads?

qe, a kane te varferit koka?

Do poor have legs, mouth and hands, but no head?

A kane te varferit kembe, goje dhe duar , por jo koke?

So Honey Bee Network builds upon the resource in which poor people are rich.

Keshtu sistemi i Bletes nderton mbi nje burim ne te cilin njerzit e varfer jane te pasur.

And what has happened?

Dhe cfare ka ndodhur ?

An anonymous, faceless, nameless person

person anonim, pa fytyre, pa emer,

gets in contact with the network,

krijon lidhjet me rrjetin ,

and then gets an identity.

dhe pastaj nje identitet.

This is what Honey Bee Network is about.

Kjo eshte si punon Rrjeti i Bletes .

And this network grew voluntarily,

Dhe ky rrjet u rrit ne menyre vullnetare,

continues to be voluntary,

vazhdon te jete vullnetar,

and has tried to map the minds

dhe eshte perpjekur te skematizoje mendjet

of millions of people

e miliona njerezve

of our country and other parts of the world who are creative.

te vendit tone dhe pjeseve te tjera te botes qe jane krijues.

They could be creative in terms of education,

Ata mund te jene krijues ne në aspektin e arsimit;

they may be creative in terms of culture,

ata mund te jene krijues ne aspektin e kultures;

they may be creative in terms of institutions;

ata mund te jene krijues ne aspektin e institucioneve,

but a lot of our work is in the field of technological creativity,

por shume nga puna jone eshte ne fushen e krijimtarisë teknologjike,

the innovations,

shpikjet,

either in terms of contemporary innovations,

si ne aspektin e shpikjeve bashkekohore,

or in terms of traditional knowledge.

apo ne aspektin e njohurive tradicionale.

And it all begins with curiosity.

Dhe cdo gje fillon me kuriozitetin .

It all begins with curiosity.

Cdo gje fillon me kuriozitetin.

This person, whom we met -- and you will see it on the website,

Ky person , te cilin ne e takuam , dhe qe do ta shikoni ne kete website,

www.sristi.org -- this tribal person,

www.sristi.org, ky person fisnor,

he had a wish.

kishte nje deshire.

And he said, "If my wish gets fulfilled" --

Dhe tha, "Neqoftese, deshira ime permbushet"--

somebody was sick and he had to monitor --

--dikush ishte i semure dhe ai po e vezhgonte ate ---

"God, please cure him.

"Zot, te lutem sheroje ate.

And if you cure him, I will get my wall painted."

Dhe nqs ti e sheron ate, Une do te pikturoj murin"

And this is what he got painted.

kjo eshte si e pikturoi.

Somebody was talking yesterday about Maslowian hierarchy.

Dikush po fliste dje per hierarkine Maslowiste.

There could be nothing more wrong than

Ska asgje me gabim se

the Maslowian model of hierarchy of needs

modeli i hierarkise Maslowiste te nevojave

because the poorest people in this country can get enlightenment.

sepse njerzit e varfer ne kete vend mund ndricojne mendjen .

Kabir, Rahim, all the great Sufi saints,

Kabir, Rahim, te gjithe shenjtoret Sufi ,

they were all poor people,

ishin njerez te varfer,

and they had a great reason. (Applause)

dhe kishin nje mendje te madhe .

Please do not ever think that

Te lutem mos mendo asnjehere qe

only after meeting your physiological needs and other needs

vetem mbasi ti kesh plotesuar nevojat fiziologjike, dhe nevojat te tjera

can you be thinking about your spiritual needs or your enlightenment.

mund te mendosh per nevojat shpirterore te ndricimit te mendjes.

Any person anywhere is capable

Cdo person ne cdo vend eshte i afte

of rising to that highest point of attainment,

te rritet deri në pikën më të lartë të arritjeve,

only by the resolve that they have in their mind that they must achieve something.

vetem me zgjidhjen qe kane ne mendje qe ata duhet te arrijne dicka .

Look at this.

Shikojeni kete .

We saw it in Shodh Yatra. Every six months we walk

Ne e shikojme ne Shodh Yatra. Cdo 6 muaj ne ecim

in different parts of the country.

ne pjese te nryshme te vendit .

I've walked about 4,000 kilometers in the last 12 years.

Une kam ecur reth 4,000 km gjate 12 viteve te fundit.

So on the wayside

Keshtu gjate rruges

we found these dung cakes,

ne gjetem keto mbeturina kafshesh ,

which are used as a fuel.

qe perdoren si karburant.

Now, this lady, on the wall of the dung cake heap,

kjo grua, mbi murin me grumbull bajgash ,

has made a painting.

ka bere nje pikture.

That's the only space she could express her creativity.

Ky ishte i vetmi vend ku ajo mund te shprehte krijimtarine e saj .

And she's so marvelous.

Dhe ajo eshte mahnitese.

Look at this lady, Ram Timari Devi,

Shikojeni kete grua, Ram, Timari Devi,

on a grain bin. In Champaran, we had a Shodh Yatra

mbi hambar gruri ne Champaran ne beme nje Shodh Yatra.

and we were walking

Dhe po ecnim

in the land where Gandhiji went

ne token ku Gandhi ka ecur

to hear about the tragedy, pain

per te degjuar rreth tragjedise, dhimbjes

of indigo growers.

se fermerve indiane

Bhabi Mahato in Purulia and Bankura.

Bhabi Mahato ne Purulia ne Bankura.

Look at what she has done.

Shikoni cfare ka bere .

The whole wall is her canvas. She's sitting there with a broom.

Muri i teri eshte kanavace per te. Ajo eshte ulur aty me nje fshese.

Is she an artisan or an artist?

Eshte ajo artizane apo artiste?

Obviously she's an artist; she's a creative person.

Natyrisht ajo eshte nje artiste , ajo eshte nje person krijues .

If we can create markets for these artists,

Ne se mund te hapim tregje per keta artiste,

we will not have to employ them for digging earth and breaking stones.

nuk do te na duhet t'i punesojme ata per te germuar apo thyer guret.

They will be paid for what they are good at, not what they're bad at.

Ato do te paguhen per ate qe bejne mire, jo per ate qe s'jane te zote.

(Applause)

(Duartrokitje)

Look at what Rojadeen has done.

Shikoni se cfare ka bere Rojadeen.

In Motihari in Champaran,

Ne Motihari ne Champaran,

there are a lot of people who sell tea on the shack

jane shume njerez qe shesin caj ne kasolle

and, obviously, there's a limited market for tea.

dhe, natyrisht, ka një treg të kufizuar për çaj,

Every morning you have tea, as well as coffee.

Cdo mengjes ju pini caj, dhe kafe.

So he thought, why don't I convert

Pra ai mendoi, pse nuk e shndërroj

a pressure cooker into a coffee machine?

nje tenxhere me presion ne nje makine kafeje.

So this is a coffee machine. Just takes a few hundred rupees.

Pra kjo eshte makina e kafes, duhen vetem disa qindra rupi .

People bring their own cooker,

Njerzit sjellin tenxheren e tyre,

he attaches a valve and a steam pipe,

ai i ngjit nje valvul dhe dhe nje tub presioni ,

and now he gives you espresso coffee. (Laughter)

dhe tani iu jep ju nje ekspres kafeje.

Now, this is a real, affordable

Pra kjo eshte me te vertete e perballueshme

coffee percolator that works on gas.

kafeterie me filtër kafe e perballueshme që punon me gaz.

(Applause)

( Duartrokitje )

Look at what Sheikh Jahangir has done.

Shikoni se cfare ka bere Sheikh Jahangir .

A lot of poor people do not have

Shumica e njerezve te varfer nuk kane

enough grains to get ground.

grure te mjaftueshem per te grire .

So this fellow is bringing

Pra ky djalosh po i sjell

a flour-grinding machine on a two-wheeler.

nje makineri grirese mielli mbi nje dyrrotak.

If you have 500 grams, 1000, one kilogram,

Nqs ke 500 gram, 1000, nje Kg,

he will grind it for it for you; the flourmill will not grind such a small quantity.

ai do ta grij ate per ty: Mulliri nuk do te grije nje sasi kaq te vogel .

Please understand the problem of poor people.

Ju lutem kuptojeni problemin e njerzve te varfer.

They have needs which

Ata kane te tilla nevoja te cilat

have to be met efficiently

duhet të përmbushen në mënyrë efikase

in terms of energy, in terms of cost, in terms of quality.

në aspektin e energjisë, te kostos, në drejtim të cilësisë.

They don't want second-standard, second-quality outputs.

Ata nuk kerkojne nje standart te dores se dyte, prodhime te cilesise se dyte.

But to be able to give them high-quality output

Por te jesh ne gjendje ti japesh atyre prodhim me kualitet te larte

you need to adapt technology to their needs.

duhet te pershtatesh teknologjine per nevojat e tyre.

And that is what Sheikh Jahangir did.

Dhe kjo eshte ajo qe Sheihk Jahangir beri.

But that's not enough, what he did. Look at what he did here.

Por nuk eshte vetem kaq. Shikoni cfare beri ketu .

If you have clothes, and you don't have enough time to wash them,

Nqse ke rroba per te lare, por nuk ke kohe te mjaftueshme per ti lare ato ,

he brought a washing machine

ai solli, nje makina larese

to your doorstep, mounted on a two-wheeler.

afer deres tuaj te shtepise, te montuar mbi dy rrotak.

So here's a model where

Pra ky eshte modeli

a two-wheeler washing machine ...

ku nje makine larese me dy rrota lan ...

He is washing your clothes and drying them at your doorstep.

Ai po i lan rrobat e tua dhe i than ato prane deres se shpise.

(Applause)

( Duartrokitje )

You bring your water, you bring your soap,

Ti sjell ujin dhe sapunin tend.

I wash the clothes for you. Charge 50 paisa, one rupee

Une i laj rrobat per ty , per nje shume prej 50 pesa, nje rupi

for you per lot,

per nje ngarkese.

and a new business model can emerge.

eshte shfaqur nje model i ri i biznesit.

Now, what we need is, we need

Pra, ajo qe kemi nevoje eshte,

people who will be able to scale them up.

njerez qe jane te afte te rritin volumin.

Look at this.

Shikojeni kete.

It looks like a beautiful photograph.

Duket si nje fotografi e bukur .

But you know what it is? Can anybody guess what it is?

Por a e dini se cfare eshte ?A mund ta gjeje njeri cfare eshte ?

Somebody from India would know, of course.

Dikush nga India natyrisht do ta dije.

It's a tawa.

Eshte tava.

It's a hot plate made of clay.

Eshte nje pjate e nxehte prej argjile.

Now, what is the beauty in it?

Tani, ku eshte e bukura ne kete ?

When you have a non-stick pan,

Kur ke nje tigan qe nuk ngjit,

it costs about,

te kushton rreth

maybe, 250 rupees,

250 rupi ndoshta,

five dollars, six dollars.

5 - 6 dollare.

This is less than a dollar

Kjo eshte me pak se nje dollar.

and this is non-stick;

Dhe nuk ngjit.

it is coated with one of these

eshte e veshur nje nga keto

food-grade materials.

materialet e aprovuara per perdorim ne kontakt me ushqimin.

And the best part is that,

Dhe pjesa me e bukur eshte qe ,

while you use a costly non-stick pan,

ndersa ti perdor nje tigan te kushtueshem qe nuk ngjit ,

you eat the so-called Teflon

ha ate qe quhet Tefllon,

or Teflon-like material

ose materiale te tjera si Teflloni

because after some time the stuff disappears. Where has it gone?

Sepse pas ca kohe ky perberes zhuduket. Ku ka shkuar?

It has gone in your stomach. It was not meant for that. (Laughter)

Ka shukar ne stomakun tend. Nuk e kisha fjalen per kete.

You know? But here

ju e dini, por ketu,

in this clay hot plate,

ne kete pjate nxehte argjile,

it will never go into your stomach.

nuk do te shkoje kurre ne stomak,

So it is better, it is safer;

pra eshte me e mire dhe me e sigurt;

it is affordable, it is energy-efficient.

eshte e perballueshme dhe energji eficente .

In other words, solutions by the poor people need not be cheaper,

Me fjale te tjera, idete nga njerzit e varfer nuk duhet te jene te lira

need not be, so-called, jugaad, need not be some kind of makeshift arrangement.

te mos te jene, te ashtu- quajtura sajesa, nuk duhet te jete pune e improvizuar.

They have to be better, they have to be more efficient,

Ato duhet te jene me te mira, duhet te jene me te frytshme .

they have to be affordable.

ato duhet te jene te perballueshme .

And that is what Mansukh Bhai Prajapati has done.

Dhe kete ka bere Mansukh Bhai Prajapati.

He has designed this plate with a handle.

Ai ka dizenjuar kete pjate me nje doreze.

And now with one dollar,

Dhe tani me nje dollar ,

you can afford a better alternative

mund te marresh nje alternative me te mire

than the people market is offering you.

qe te ofron tregu .

This lady, she developed

Kjo grua ka zhvilluar

a herbal pesticide formulation.

nje formule pesticidesh .

We filed the patent for her,

Ne aplikuam per patenten e saj,

the National Innovation Foundation.

te Fondacioni Kombetar i Shpikjeve .

And who knows? Somebody will license this technology

Dhe, kush e di, ndonjeri do ta licencoje kete teknologji

and develop marketable products,

dhe gjeneroje tregti produktesh,

and she would get revenue.

ajo do te marri te ardhura.

Now, let me mention one thing:

Tani, me lejoni te permend dicka

I think we need a polycentric model of development,

Une mendoj qe na duhen modele shume qendrore te zhvillimit,

where a large number of initiatives in different parts of the country,

ku nje numer i madh inisiativash ne pjese te ndryshme te vendit,

in different parts of the world,

dhe ne pjese te ndryshme te botes,

would solve the needs of locality

do te zgjidhnin nevojat e pjeshme te vendit

in a very efficient and adaptive manner.

ne menyre eficiente dhe te pershtatshme.

Higher the local fit,

Sa me e larte te jete pregatitja ,

greater is the chance of scaling up.

me i madh eshte shanci ngritjes.

In the scaling up,

Dhe ne kete ngritje

there's an inherent inadequacy

ka nje pamjaftueshmeri te natyrshme

to match the needs of the local people,

te koordinosh nevojat e njerezve,

point by point, with the supply that you're making.

pike per pike me furnizimin qe po ben.

So why are people willing to adjust with that mismatch?

Pra pse njerezit deshirojne te regullojne mosperputhjen ?

Things can scale up, and they have scaled up.

Gjerat mund te permirsohen, dhe ato jane permirsuar.

For example, cell phones: We have 400 million cellphones in this country.

Per shembull, celularet: ne kemi 400 milion celulare ne kete shtet.

Now, it is possible that I use only two buttons on the cellphone,

Tani, ndoshta une perdor vetem dy butona ne kete telefon,

only three options on the cellphone.

vetem tre opsione ne telefon.

It has 300 options, I'm paying for 300; I'm using only three

Telefoni ka 300; Po paguaj per 300: une perdor vetem tre,

but I'm willing to live with it, therefore it is scaling up.

por jam i gatshem ta pranoj ate, prandaj eshte ne ngritje.

But if I had to get a match to match,

Por nese me duhet gjej nje model te zgjidhshem ,

obviously, I would need a different design of a cellphone.

natyrisht, do te me duhet nje celular me dizajn te ndryshem .

So what we're saying is that scalability

Pra, duam te themi qe rritja

should not become an enemy of sustainability.

nuk duhet te shnderohet ne armik te qendrueshmerise .

There must be a place in the world

Duhet te jete nje vend ne bote

for solutions that are only relevant for a locality,

per zgjidhje qe jane te pershtatshme vetem per nje vend

and yet, one can be able to fund them.

dhe ende, ndonjeri mund te kete mundsine ti financoje ato .

One of the greatest studies that we've been finding is

Nje nga studimet me te mira qe ne kemi gjetur eshte

that many times investors would ask this question --

qe shume here investitoret do te bejne kete pyetje--

"What is a scalable model?" --

"Cfare eshte nje model ne ngritje" ?---

as if the need of a community, which is only

sikur nevoja e nje komunitetit qe eshte

located in a space and time

e perqendruar ne hapsire dhe kohe

and has those needs only located in those places,

dhe qe ka ato kerkesa te lokalizuara ne vende te tilla,

has no legitimate right to get them for free

nuk kane te drejte legjitime ti marrin ato falas,

because it's not part of a larger scale.

sepse ato nuk jane akoma pjese e nje ngritje te madhe.

So either you sub-optimize your needs to a larger scale

Pra, ose ju duhet nën-zgjidhni në një shkallë më të madhe

or else you remain out.

ose do të mbeteni jashtë.

Now, the eminent model, the long-tail model

Tani modeli me lart, qe mund te kene perfitim me nje kosto te reduktuar marketingu

tells you that small sales

na treon qe nje pakice shtjesh

of a large number of books, for example,

te nje volumi te madh librash, per shembull,

having only a few copies sold

duke ditur qe vetem ca kopje jane shitur ,

can still be a viable model.

mund te konsiderohet nje model i sukseshem .

And we must find a mechanism where

Dhe ne duhet te gjejme mekanizmin ku

people will pool in the portfolio, will invest in the portfolio,

njerëzit do t'i mbledhin në nje dosje, do të investojnë në to,

where different innovations will go to

ku krijime te ndryshme do te shkojne

a small number of people in their localities,

te nje numer i vogel njerzish ne zonat e tyre,

and yet, the overall platform of the model will become viable.

dhe, nga modeli do të bëhet ne praktike.

Look at what he is doing.

Shikoni se cfare po ben ai.

Saidullah Sahib is an amazing man.

Saidullahsahib eshte nje njeri i mrekullueshem.

At the age of 70,

Ne moshen 70-vjecare,

he is linking up something very creative.

ai eshte i lidhur me dicka shume kreative.

(Music)

(Muzike )

Saidullah Sahib: I couldn't wait for the boat.

Saidullahsahib: Une nuk mund te prisja te vinte varka .

I had to meet my love.

Duhet te takoja te dashuren time.

My desperation made me an innovator.

Deshperimi me beri nje shpikes.

Even love needs help from technology.

Madje edhe dashuria kerkon te ndihmohet nga teknologjia.

Innovation is the light of my wife, Noor.

Shpikja me e jep te drejten e gruas time, Noor.

New inventions are the passion of my life.

Shpikjet e reja jane pasion per jeten time.

My technology.

Teknologjia ime.

(Applause)

( Duartrokitje )

AG: Saidulluh Sahib is

AG: Saidulluhsahib eshte

in Motihari, again in Champaran.

ne Motihari perseri ne Champaran.

Wonderful human being,

Eshte qenie njerzore e mrekullueshme,

but he stills sells, at this age,

por ende shet, ne kete moshe,

honey on a cycle to earn his livelihood,

mjalt mbi biciklete, per te perballuar jetesen

because we haven't been able to convince the water park people,

sepse nuk kemi qene te zote te bindnim njerezit e parkut ujor,

the lake people, in [unclear] operations.

njerzit e liqenit , korporaten

And we have not been able to convince the fire brigade people

Nuk kemi qene te zote te bindnim zjarrfikesit

in Mumbai -- where there was a flood a few years ago

ne Mumbai, aty ku ishte nje permbytje disa vjet me pare,

and people had to walk 20 kilometers, wading in the water --

dhe njerzve i duhej te ecnin 20 Km duke çare ujin,

that, look, you should have this cycle in your fire brigade office

qe duhet te kieni kete biciklete ne zyren e zjarrfikesve ,

because you can then go to those lanes

qe te mund te shkoni ne ato rrugica

where your buses will not go, where your transport will not go.

ku autobusat nuk do shkonin, ku transporti nuk do te shkonte.

So we have not yet cracked the problem

Pra kemi ende akoma per te korrigjiar problemin

of making it available as a rescue device,

per ta vene ne dispozicion si nje paisje shpetimi,

as a vending device during the floods in eastern India,

si nje pajisje shitje gjate permbytjeve ne Indine Lindore,

when you have to deliver things to people

kur duhet te shperdash gjera njerzve

in different islands

ne ishuj te ndryshem

where they're marooned.

ku ata jane lene pas dore apo harruar .

But the idea has a merit. The idea has a merit.

Por ideja ka nje merite; Ideja ka nje merite.

What has Appachan done? Appachan, unfortunately, is no more,

Cfare ka bere Appachan? Appachan, per fate te keq, s'jeton me,

but he has left behind a message.

por ai la mbrapa mesazhin,

A very powerful message

nje mesazh shume te fuqishem

Appachan: I watch the world wake up every day.

Appachan: Une shikoj boten te zgjohet cdo dite .

(Music)

( Musike )

It's not that a coconut fell on my head,

Jo se me ra mbi koke nje are kokosi,

and I came upon this idea.

dhe une arrtia te kjo ide.

With no money to fund my studies,

Pa pasur para te financoj studimet e mia,

I scaled new heights.

kam shkallëzuar lartësi të reja.

Now, they call me the local Spiderman.

Tani, ata me quajne Spiderman-i vendas.

My technology.

Teknologjia ime.

(Applause)

( Duartrokitje )

AG: Many of you

Ag: Shume nga ju

might not realize and believe

ndoshta mund te mos ta kuptojne dhe besojne

that we have sold this product internationally --

qe ne e kemi shitur kete produkt ne tere boten ---

what I call a G2G model,

ajo qe une e quaj G2G model,

grassroots to global.

nga baza ne globale.

And a professor in the University of Massachusetts,

Dhe nje profesor ne Universitetin e Massachusetts,

in the zoology department,

ne departamentin e zoologjise,

bought this climber because she wanted

bleu kete këmbalec sepse donte

to study the insect diversity

te studionte shumllojshmerine e insecteve

of the top of the tree canopy.

ne majen e kurores se pemeve.

And this device makes it possible

kjo pajisje e beri te mundur

for her to take samples from a larger number of palms,

ate qe te marre kampione nga numer i madh palmash

rather than only a few,

në vend te vetëm disa,

because otherwise she had to make a big platform

sepse përndryshe ajo duhet të bënte një mur të madh me tulla

and then climb her [unclear] would climb on that.

per tu ngjitur studentet e saj.

So, you know, we are advancing the frontiers of science.

Pra, ju e dini, po i shtyjme kufijte e shkences.

Remya Jose has developed ...

Remya Jose ka zhvilluar ---

you can go to the YouTube and find India Innovates

mund te shkosh te Youtube dhe te gjesh zbulime Indiane,

and then you will find these videos.

dhe do te gjesh keto video.

Innovation by her when she was in class 10th:

Zbulime te bera nga ajo qe kur ishte ne klass te 10-te:

a washing machine-cum-exercising machine.

një makinë larëse-plus stervitje

Mr. Kharai who is a physically challenged person,

Mr. Kharai qe eshte invalid,

one and a half foot height, only.

vetem nje foot e gjysem i gjate,

But he has modified a two-wheeler so that he can get autonomy

Por ai e ka modifikuar nje dy rrotak keshtu qe ai eshte i pavarur

and freedom and flexibility.

i lire dhe ne levizje.

This innovation is from the slums of Rio.

Kjo shpikje eshte nga lagjet e vafra te Rio.

And this person, Mr. Ubirajara.

Dhe ky person, Mr.Ubirajara,

We were talking about, my friends in Brazil,

ne po flisnim per, miqte e mi ne Brazil,

how we scale up this model in China and Brazil.

si mund ta permirsojme kete model ne Kine dhe Brazil.

And we have a very vibrant network in China, particularly,

Dhe kemi nje rrjet të gjallë vecanerisht ne Kine,

but also emerging in Brazil and other parts of the world.

por gjithashtu në zhvillim ne Brazil dhe ne pjese te tjera te botes.

This stand on the front wheel, you will not find on any cycle.

Kjo mbështetëse ne rroten e parë, ju nuk do ta gjeni ne ndonje biciklete.

India and China have the largest number of cycles.

India dhe Kina ka numrin me te madh te bicikletave.

But this innovation emerged in Brazil.

Por ky zbulim u zhvillua ne Brazil.

The point is, none of us should be parochial,

Çështja është, askush prej nesh nuk duhet të jetë i kufizuar,

none of us should be so nationalistic to believe

asnje nga ne duhet te jete kaq nacionalist per te besuar

that all good ideas will come only from our country.

qe te gjithe idete e mira vijne vetem nga vendi yne .

No, we have to have the humility to learn

Jo, duhet te jemi modeste qe te mesojme

from knowledge of economically poor people, wherever they are.

nga dituria e njerezve te varfer, kudo qe jane ata.

And look at this whole range of cycle-based innovations:

Dhe shihni te tera keto tipe bicikletash te bazuara ne shpikjet:

cycle that's a sprayer, cycle that

bicikete qe spërkat, biciklete qe

generates energy from the shocks on the road.

prodhon energji nga tronditjet e rruges.

I can't change the condition of the road,

Une nuk mund ta ndryshoj gjendjen e rruges;

but I can make the cycle run faster.

mund te bej qe bicikleta te eci me shpejt.

That is what Kanak Das has done.

Kete ka bere Kanakdas.

And in South Africa,

Dhe ne Afriken e Jugut ,

we had taken our innovators,

ne i kemi marre shpikesit e rinj,

and many of us had gone there share with the colleagues in South Africa

dhe shume nga ne shkuan atje per ti treguar kollegeve te Afrikes se Jugut

as to how innovation can become

si zbulimet mund te behen

a means of liberation

mjetet e çlirimit

from the drudgery that people have.

nga punë e rëndë që kanë njerëzit.

And this is a donkey cart which they modified.

Dhe kjo është një karrocë gomari që kane modifikuar.

There's an axle here, of 30, 40 kg,

Ka një bosht këtu, prej 30, 40 kg,

serving no purpose.

qe nuk sherbente per asgje.

Remove it, the cart needs one donkey less.

po ta heqesh ate, karroces i duhet nje gomar me pak .

This is in China. This girl needed a breathing apparatus.

Kjo eshte ne Kine. Kesaj vajze i duhet nje aparat frymemarrje.

These three people in the village

Keta tre njerez ne fshat

sat down and decided to think,

u mblodhen për të menduar,

"How do we elongate the life of this girl of our village?"

"Si mundemi te zgjasim jeten e kesaj vajze te fshatit tone?"

They were not related to her, but they tried to find out,

Ata nuk kishin lidhje me te, por u perpoqen te gjenin ,

"How can we use ... "

si mund te perdorim tubin e nje makijne larse,

They used a cycle, they put together a breathing apparatus.

dhe pastaj perdoren nje biciklete per te montuar aparatin e frymemarrjes.

And this breathing apparatus now saved the life,

ky aparat i frymemarrjes i shpetoi jeten,

and she's very welcome.

ajo do te jetoje.

There's a whole range of innovations that we have.

nje seri e tere shpikjesh qe kemi.

A car, which runs on compressed air

Nje makine qe punon me ajer te kompresuar

with six paisa per kilometer.

me 6 paisa(qindarka) per km

Assam, Kanak Gogoi.

Assam, Kanak Gogoi.

And you would not find this car in U.S. or Europe,

Dhe ti nuk do ta gjesh kete makine ne SHBA apo Europe,

but this is available in India.

por eshte e disponueshme ne Indi .

Now, this lady, she used to do the winding of the yarn

kjo grua, ka pas tjere fije pelhure

for Pochampally Saree.

per veshjet kombetare.

In one day, 18,000 times,

18.000 here ne dite ,

she had to do this winding

duhet ta bente kete tjerrje

to generate two sarees.

per te bere dy veshje tipike indiane .

This is what her son has done after seven years of struggle.

Kjo eshte ajo qe beri djali i saj pas 7 vjet perpjekje.

She said, "Change your profession."

Ajo tha, "Ndrysho profesionin tend"

He said, "I can't. This is the only thing I know, but I'll invent a machine,

Ai u pergjigj, "S'mundem. Kjo eshte e vetmja gje qe di te bej , por une do te shpik nje makineri,

which will solve your problem."

qe do te zgjidhe problemin ."

And this is what he did, a sewing machine in Uttar Pradesh.

Dhe kjo eshte ajo qe beri, nje makine qepse ne Uttar Pradesh.

So, this is what SRISTI is saying:

kjo eshte cfare thote Sristi :

"Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world."

"Me jep nje vend ku te qendroj, dhe do te leviz boten.:

I will just tell you that we are also doing a competition among children

Une do t'ju them qe po organizojme nje konkurs midis femijeve

for creativity, a whole range of things.

per krijimitari, ne nje game te madhe te gjerave.

We have sold things all over the world,

Ne kemi shitur gjera ne te gjithe boten,

from Ethiopia to Turkey to U.S. to wherever.

nga Etiopia ne Turqi ne SHBA gjithandej .

Products have gone to the market, a few.

Disa nga produkted kane shkuar ne treg.

These are the people whose knowledge made

Këta janë njerëz njohurite e të cilëve bënë

this Herbavate cream for eczema possible.

te mundur kete preparat vaji krem per ekzema .

And here, a company which licensed this herbal pesticide

Dhe ketu, nje kompani e cila licencoi kete pesticid bimor

put a photograph of the innovator on the packing

vuri fotografine e krijuesit mbi paketim

so that every time a user uses it,

ne menyre qe sa here qe perdoruesi e perdor ate,

it asks the user, "You can also be an innovator.

sheh pyetjen, "Ti mund te jesh po ashtu nje krijues.

If you have an idea, send it back to us."

Nqse.ke nje ide, na e dergoni ketu te ne ."

So, creativity counts, knowledge matters,

Keshtu qe krijimtaria ka vlere, njohuria ka rendesi,

innovations transform, incentives inspire.

shpikjet transformojne, stimujt frymëzojnë.

And incentives: not just material, but also non-material incentives.

Dhe stimuj, jo vetëm materiale, por edhe stimuj jo-materiale.

Thank you.

Falemderit.

(Applause)

( Duartrokitje )