Anil Gupta: India's hidden hotbeds of invention

203,380 views ใƒป 2010-05-06

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Yael BST ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:16
I bring to you
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ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ื ืืœื™ื›ื
00:19
a message from
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ืžืกืจ ืžืืช
00:22
tens of thousands of people --
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ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ืื ืฉื™ื,
00:25
in the villages, in the slums,
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ื‘ื›ืคืจื™ื ื•ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื ื™
00:27
in the hinterland of the country --
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ื‘ืขื•ืจืคื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”,
00:29
who have solved problems
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ืฉืคืชืจื• ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช
00:31
through their own genius,
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ื‘ื’ืื•ื ื™ื•ืชื ืฉืœื”ื,
00:33
without any
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ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื•ื
00:35
outside help.
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ืขื–ืจื” ืžื‘ื—ื•ืฅ.
00:37
When our home minister announces
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ื›ืฉืจ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื›ืจื™ื–
00:40
a few weeks ago
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ืœืคื ื™ ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช
00:43
a war on
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ืžืœื—ืžื”
00:45
one third of India,
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ืขืœ ืฉืœื™ืฉ ืžื”ื•ื“ื•,
00:47
about 200 districts that he mentioned
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ื›-200 ืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ,
00:50
were ungovernable,
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ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืœืฉืœื™ื˜ื”,
00:52
he missed the point.
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ื”ื•ื ืคื™ืกืคืก ืืช ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื”,
00:55
The point that we have been stressing
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ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื”
00:57
for the last 21 years,
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ื‘- 21 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช,
00:59
the point that
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ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื”
01:01
people may be economically poor,
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ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื ืื•ืœื™ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช,
01:03
but they're not poor in the mind.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืื™ื ื ืขื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื—ื.
01:06
In other words,
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ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช,
01:08
the minds on the margin
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ื”ืžื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื
01:10
are not the marginal minds.
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ืื™ื ื ืžื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื.
01:13
That is the message,
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ืžืกืจ,
01:15
which we started 31 years ago.
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ืฉืื™ืชื• ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœืคื ื™ 31 ืฉื ื”.
01:17
And what did it start?
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ื•ืžื” ื–ื” ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ?
01:19
Let me just tell you, briefly, my personal journey,
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ื”ืจืฉื• ืœื™ ืจืง ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ื‘ืงืฆืจื”, ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืข ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœื™,
01:21
which led me to come to this point.
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ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ื–ื•.
01:24
In '85, '86, I was in Bangladesh
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'85 ืขื“ '86 ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื‘ื ื’ืœื“ืฉ
01:26
advising the government and the research council there
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ืžื™ื™ืขืฅ ืœืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ืœืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉื
01:28
how to help scientists work on the lands,
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ืื™ืš ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืžื“ืขื ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“
01:30
on the fields of the poor people,
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ื‘ืฉื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ื™ื™ื
01:33
and how to develop research technologies,
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ื•ืื™ืš ืœืคืชื— ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžื—ืงืจ,
01:35
which are based on the knowledge of the people.
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ืฉืžื‘ื•ืกืกื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื™ื“ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื.
01:39
I came back in '86.
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ื—ื–ืจืชื™ ื‘ '86.
01:42
I had been tremendously invigorated
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืžืฉ ืžืœื ืžืจืฅ
01:44
by the knowledge and creativity that I found in that country,
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ืžื”ื™ื“ืข ื•ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืžืฆืืชื™ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื–ื•,
01:46
which had 60 percent landlessness
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ืฉื‘ื” ื™ืฉ 60 ืื—ื•ื– ืฉืœ ื—ืกืจื™ ืงืจืงืข,
01:48
but amazing creativity.
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื”.
01:51
I started looking at my own work:
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ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื™ ืฉืœื™.
01:53
The work that I had done
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ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™
01:55
for the previous 10 years,
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ื‘- 10 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช,
01:57
almost every time,
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ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื,
01:59
had instances of knowledge
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ื”ื™ื• ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื™ื“ืข
02:01
that people had shared.
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ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ืชืคื•.
02:03
Now, I was paid in dollars as a consultant,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืฉื™ืœืžื• ืœื™ ื‘ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื, ื›ื™ื•ืขืฅ,
02:06
and I looked at my income tax return
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ื•ื”ื‘ื˜ืชื™ ื‘ื”ื—ื–ืจื™ ืžืก ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืฉืœื™
02:08
and tried to ask myself: "Is there a line in my return,
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ื•ื ื™ืกื™ืชื™ ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™: "ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืฉื•ืจื” ื‘ื”ื—ื–ืจื™ื ืฉืœื™,
02:11
which shows how much of this income has gone
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ืฉืžืจืื” ื›ืžื” ืžื”ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ืœื›ื”
02:13
to the people whose knowledge
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื“ืข ืฉืœื”ื
02:15
has made it possible?
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืื™ืคืฉืจ ืืช ื–ื”"?
02:17
Was it because I'm brilliant
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ื”ืื ื–ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืื ื™ ื’ืื•ืŸ
02:19
that I'm getting this reward, or because of the revolution?
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ืฉืื ื™ ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืคืจืก ื”ื–ื”, ืื• ืืช ื”ื”ื›ืจื” ื”ื–ื•?
02:22
Is it that I write very well?
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ื”ืื ื–ื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžื™ื˜ื™ื‘ ืœื›ืชื•ื‘?
02:24
Is it that I articulate very well?
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ื”ืื ื–ื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžื™ื˜ื™ื‘ ืœื”ืชื‘ื˜ื?
02:26
Is it that I analyze the data very well?
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ื”ืื ื–ื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžื™ื˜ื™ื‘ ืœื ืชื— ืืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื?
02:28
Is it because I'm a professor, and, therefore,
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ื”ืื ื–ื” ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ
02:30
I must be entitled to this reward from society?"
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ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื™ ื”ืคืจืก ื”ื–ื” ืžื”ื—ื‘ืจื”?
02:33
I tried to convince myself that, "No, no,
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ื ื™ืกื™ืชื™ ืœืฉื›ื ืข ืืช ืขืฆืžื™ ืฉ"ืœื, ืœื,
02:35
I have worked for the policy changes.
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ืคืขืœืชื™ ืœืžืขืŸ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช.
02:37
You know, the public policy will become
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ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข, ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ืชื”ืคื•ืš
02:39
more responsive to the needs of the poor,
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื,
02:41
and, therefore I think it's okay."
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ื–ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ."
02:43
But it appeared to me
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืชื—ื•ื•ืจ ืœื™
02:46
that all these years that I'd been working on exploitation --
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ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืืœื• ืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ื‘ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ,
02:49
exploitation by landlords,
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ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ืข"ื™ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช,
02:51
by moneylenders, by traders --
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ืข"ื™ ืžืœื•ื•ื™ื ื‘ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช, ืข"ื™ ืกื•ื—ืจื™ื,
02:54
gave me an insight that
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ื–ื” ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื™ ืœืชื•ื‘ื ื”
02:56
probably I was also an exploiter,
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ืฉื›ื ืจืื” ืฉื’ื ืื ื™ ื ืฆืœืŸ,
02:58
because there was no line in my income tax return
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ื›ื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉื•ืจื” ื‘ื”ื—ื–ืจื™ ืžืก ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืฉืœื™
03:00
which showed this income accrued
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ืฉื”ืจืืชื” ืฉื”ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื”
03:02
because of the brilliance of the people --
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ื‘ืฉืœ ื’ืื•ื ื™ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื,
03:04
those people who have shared their knowledge and good faith and trust with me --
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ืื•ืชื ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืฉื™ืชืคื• ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ื™ื“ืข ืฉืœื”ื ื•ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื‘ืืžื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ื™,
03:06
and nothing ever went back to them.
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ื•ื”ื ืœื ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืืฃ ืคืขื ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ื–ืจื”.
03:08
So much so, that much of my work till that time
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ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื›ืš, ืฉื—ืœืง ื ื™ื›ืจ ืžื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ ืขื“ ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ
03:10
was in the English language.
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ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืฉืคื” ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ืช.
03:12
The majority of the people from whom I learned didn't know English.
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ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื”ื ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืœื ื™ื“ืขื• ืื ื’ืœื™ืช.
03:15
So what kind of a contributor was I?
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ืื– ืื™ื–ื” ืžื™ืŸ ืชื•ืจื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™?
03:17
I was talking about social justice,
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ื“ื™ื‘ืจืชื™ ืขืœ ืฆื“ืง ื—ื‘ืจืชื™,
03:19
and here I was, a professional
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ื•ืื ื™ ืขืฆืžื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื™ืฉ ืžืงืฆื•ืข
03:21
who was pursuing the most unjust act --
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ืฉืฉื•ืงื“ ืขืœ ืžืขืฉื” ืžืื•ื“ ืœื ืฆื•ื“ืง,
03:23
of taking knowledge from the people, making them anonymous,
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ืฉืœ ืœืงื™ื—ืช ื™ื“ืข ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื, ื”ืคื™ื›ืชื ืœืื ื•ื ื™ืžื™ื™ื,
03:26
getting rent from that knowledge
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ืžืชืขืฉืจ ืžื”ื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื”
03:28
by sharing it and doing consultancy, writing papers and
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ืข"ื™ ื›ืš ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื•ืœืง ืื•ืชื•, ื‘ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ, ื‘ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช,
03:30
publishing them in the papers,
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ืคืจืกื•ืžืŸ ื‘ืขื™ืชื•ื ื™ื,
03:32
getting invited to the conferences,
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ืžืงื‘ืœ ื”ื–ืžื ื•ืช ืœื›ื ืกื™ื,
03:34
getting consultancies and whatever have you.
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ืžืงื‘ืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื•ืžื” ืœื.
03:37
So then, a dilemma rose in the mind that,
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ื•ืื– ื“ื™ืœืžื” ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื” ื‘ืจืืฉื™,
03:39
if I'm also an exploiter, then this is not right;
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ืฉืื ื’ื ืื ื™ ื ืฆืœืŸ, ืื– ื–ื” ืœื ื‘ืกื“ืจ;
03:42
life cannot go on like that.
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ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื›ื›ื”.
03:45
And this was a moment of great pain and trauma
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืจื’ืข ืฉืœ ื›ืื‘ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ืฉืœ ื˜ืจืื•ืžื”
03:48
because I couldn't live with it any longer.
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ื›ื™ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืขื ื–ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
03:52
So I did a review of
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ืื– ื”ื›ื ืชื™ ืกืงื™ืจื” ืขืœ
03:54
ethical dilemma and value conflicts and management research,
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ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ื™ ืขืจื›ื™ื ื•ื“ื™ืœืžื•ืช ืžื•ืกืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ืขื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืžื—ืงืจ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœื™,
03:56
wrote, read about 100 papers.
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ื›ืชื‘ืชื™, ืงืจืืชื™ ื›- 100 ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช.
03:59
And I came to the conclusion that
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ื•ื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืœืžืกืงื ื”,
04:01
while dilemma is unique,
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ืฉื’ื ืื ื”ื“ื™ืœืžื” ื”ื™ื ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช,
04:03
dilemma is not unique; the solution had to be unique.
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ื”ื“ื™ืœืžื” ืขืฆืžื” ืื™ื ื” ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช, ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™.
04:06
And one day -- I don't know what happened --
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ื•ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ -- ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื” ืงืจื” --
04:08
while coming back from the office towards home,
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ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ื—ื–ืจื” ืžื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”,
04:11
maybe I saw a honey bee
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ืื•ืœื™ ืจืื™ืชื™ ื“ื‘ื•ืจื”,
04:13
or it occurred to my mind that if I only could be like the honey bee,
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ืื• ืฉืขืœื” ื‘ื“ืขืชื™, ืฉืœื• ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื”,
04:16
life would be wonderful.
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ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื ืคืœืื™ื.
04:18
What the honey bee does: it pollinates,
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ืžื” ืฉื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื” ืขื•ืฉื”: ื”ื™ื ืžืื‘ื™ืงื”,
04:21
takes nectar from the flower,
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ืœื•ืงื—ืช ืฆื•ืฃ ืžื”ืคืจื—,
04:23
pollinates another flower, cross-pollinates.
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ืžืื‘ื™ืงื” ืคืจื— ืื—ืจ, ื”ืื‘ืงื” ืฆื•ืœื‘ืช.
04:25
And when it takes the nectar,
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ื•ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื•ืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืฃ,
04:27
the flowers don't feel shortchanged.
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ื”ืคืจื—ื™ื ืœื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื›ืื™ืœื• ื ื’ื–ืœ ืžื”ื ืžืฉื”ื•.
04:30
In fact, they invite the honey bees
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ื ืžื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื
04:32
through their colors,
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ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ืฉืœื”ื.
04:35
and the bees don't keep all the honey for themselves.
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ื•ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืœื ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืฉ ืœืขืฆืžื.
04:38
These are the three guiding principles of the Honey Bee Network:
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ืืœื• ื”ื ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ "ืจืฉืช ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื" --
04:42
that whenever we learn something from people
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ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืื ืฉื™ื
04:44
it must be shared with them in their language.
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ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืืช ื–ื” ืื™ืชื ื‘ืฉืคืชื.
04:47
They must not remain anonymous.
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ืืกื•ืจ ืฉื”ื ื™ื™ืฉืืจื• ืื ื•ื ื™ืžื™ื™ื.
04:49
And I must tell you that after 20 years,
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœื›ื, ืื—ืจื™ 20 ืฉื ื”,
04:52
I have not made one percent of change
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ืœื ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ืื—ื•ื– ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™
04:55
in the professional practice of this art.
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ื‘ืคืจืงื˜ื™ืงื” ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืžื ื•ืช ื”ื–ื•.
04:57
That is a great tragedy -- which I'm carrying still with me
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ื–ื” ื˜ืจื’ื“ื™ื” ืื“ื™ืจื” ืฉืื ื™ ื ื•ืฉื ืขื™ืžื™ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ,
04:59
and I hope that all of you will carry this with you --
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื›ื•ืœื›ื ืชื™ืฉืื• ื–ืืช ืขืžื›ื,
05:01
that the profession still legitimizes publication
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ืฉื”ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื’ื™ื˜ื™ืžืฆื™ื” ืœืคืจืกื•ื
05:04
of knowledge of people without attributing them
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ื™ื“ืข ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื™ื™ื—ืก ืื•ืชื• ืืœื™ื”ื,
05:07
by making them anonymous.
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ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืื•ืชื ืœืื ื•ื ื™ืžื™ื™ื.
05:09
The research guidelines of U.S. National Academy of Sciences
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ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืœืžื“ืขื™ื ืฉืœ ืืจื”"ื‘
05:11
or Research Councils of the U.K.
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ืื• ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”
05:13
or of Indian Councils of Science Research
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ืื• ืฉืœ ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ืขื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื“ื•
05:15
do not require
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ืœื ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื
05:17
that whatever you learn from people, you must share back with them.
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ืฉืืช ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืœืžื“ืช ืžืื ืฉื™ื, ื™ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ืš ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืื™ืชื ื‘ื—ื–ืจื”.
05:20
We are talking about an accountable society,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช,
05:22
a society that is fair and just,
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ืขืœ ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื•ื’ื ืช ื•ืฆื•ื“ืงืช.
05:24
and we don't even do justice in the knowledge market.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืฆื“ืง ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ื™ื“ืข.
05:26
And India wants to be a knowledge society.
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ื•ื”ื•ื“ื• ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœ ื™ื“ืข.
05:28
How will it be a knowledge society?
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ืื™ืš ื”ื™ื ืชื”ื™ื” ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœ ื™ื“ืข?
05:30
So, obviously, you cannot have two principles of justice,
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ืื–, ื‘ืจื•ืจ, ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฆื“ืง,
05:32
one for yourself and one for others.
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ืื—ื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืฆืžืš ื•ืื—ื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื—ืจื™ื.
05:34
It must be the same.
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ื–ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ื“ื‘ืจ.
05:36
You cannot discriminate.
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ืืกื•ืจ ืœืš ืœื”ืคืœื•ืช.
05:38
You cannot be in favor of your own values,
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ืืกื•ืจ ืœืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื“ ื”ืขืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขืฆืžืš,
05:40
which are at a distance from
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ืฉื”ื ืจื—ื•ืงื™ื
05:42
the values that you espouse.
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ืžื”ืขืจื›ื™ื ืฉืืชื” ืชื•ืžืš ื‘ื”ื.
05:45
So, fairness to one and to the other
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ืื–, ื”ื’ื™ื ื•ืช ืœืื—ื“ ื•ืœืื—ืจ
05:47
is not divisible.
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ื”ื™ื ืœื ื‘ืช ื—ืœื•ืงื”.
05:49
Look at this picture.
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ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื• ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื•.
05:51
Can you tell me where has it been taken from,
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœื™ ืžืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืœืงื•ื—ื”,
05:53
and what is it meant for? Anybody?
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ื•ืœืืŸ ื”ื™ื ืžื™ื•ืขื“ืช, ืžื™ืฉื”ื•?
05:56
I'm a professor; I must quiz you. (Laughter)
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ืื ื™ ืžืจืฆื”, ืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœื›ื ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ืคืชืข.
06:00
Anybody? Any guess at all?
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ืžื™ืฉื”ื•? ืื™ื–ืฉื”ื• ื ื™ื—ื•ืฉ?
06:03
Pardon? (Audience Member: Rajasthan.)
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ืกืœื™ื—ื”? (ืื“ื ืžื”ืงื”ืœ: ืจืื’'ื™ืกืชืืŸ).
06:05
Anil Gupta: But what has it been used for? What has it been used for?
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ืื ื™ืœ ื’ื•ืคื˜ื”: ืื‘ืœ ืœืžื” ื”ื™ื ืžืฉืžืฉืช? ืœืžื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ืžืฉื”?
06:07
(Murmuring)
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(ืžื™ืœืžื•ืœื™ื)
06:09
Pardon?
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ืกืœื™ื—ื”?
06:11
You know, you're so right. We must give him a hand,
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ืืชื” ื™ื•ื“ืข, ืืชื” ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ืฆื•ื“ืง. ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืžื—ื•ื ืœื• ื›ืฃ.
06:14
because this man knows how insensitive our government is.
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ื›ื™ ื”ืื“ื ื”ื–ื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืฉืœื ื• ื—ืกืจืช ืจื’ื™ืฉื•ืช.
06:17
Look at this. This is the site of the government of India.
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ืชืกืชื›ืœื• ืขืœ ื–ื”. ื–ื” ื”ืืชืจ ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉืœืช ื”ื•ื“ื•.
06:19
It invites tourists
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ื”ื™ื ืžื–ืžื™ื ื” ืชื™ื™ืจื™ื
06:21
to see the shame of our country.
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ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื—ืจืคื” ืฉืœ ืืจืฆื ื•.
06:23
I'm so sorry to say that.
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ืื ื™ ื ื•ืจื ืžืฆื˜ืขืจ ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืืช ื–ื”.
06:25
Is this a beautiful picture
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ื–ื” ืชืžื•ื ื” ื™ืคื™ืคื™ื™ื” --
06:27
or is it a terrible picture?
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ืื• ื”ืื ื–ื• ืชืžื•ื ื” ื ื•ืจืื™ืช?
06:29
It depends upon how you look at the life of the people.
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ื–ื” ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื.
06:32
If this woman has to carry water on her head
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ืื ื”ืืฉื” ื”ื–ื• ื ืืœืฆืช ืœืฉืืช ืžื™ื ืขืœ ืจืืฉื”
06:34
for miles and miles and miles,
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ืœืื•ืจืš ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื,
06:36
you cannot be celebrating that.
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ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืœืœ ืืช ื–ื”.
06:39
We should be doing something about it.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ืขื ื–ื”.
06:41
And let me tell you, with all the science and technology at our command,
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ื•ื”ืจืฉื• ืœื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื›ื, ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ืžื“ืข ื•ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืจืฉื•ืชื™ื ื•,
06:44
millions of women still carry water on their heads.
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ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื ืฉื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื•ืฉืื•ืช ืžื™ื ืขืœ ืจืืฉืŸ.
06:47
And we do not ask this question.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื–ื•.
06:49
You must have taken tea in the morning.
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ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืชื™ืชื ืชื” ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ.
06:52
Think for a minute.
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ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืจื’ืข.
06:54
The leaves of the tea, plucked from the bushes;
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ื”ืขืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื”, ืฉื ืงื˜ืคื• ืžื”ืฉื™ื—ื™ื.
06:57
you know what the action is? The action is:
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื”ื™ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ื–ื•? ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ื™ื:
06:59
The lady picks up a few leaves, puts them in the basket on the backside.
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ื”ืืฉื” ืงื•ื˜ืคืช ื›ืžื” ืขืœื™ื, ืžื ื™ื—ื” ืื•ืชื ื‘ืกืœืกืœื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื ื•ืฉืืช ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื”.
07:02
Just do it 10 times;
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ืชืขืฉื• ืืช ื–ื” ืจืง 10 ืคืขืžื™ื;
07:04
you will realize the pain in this shoulder.
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ืืชื ืชื‘ื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ื›ืื‘ ื‘ื›ืชืฃ.
07:06
And she does it a few thousand times
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื–ื” ื›ืžื” ืืœืคื™ ืคืขืžื™ื
07:08
every day.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื.
07:11
The rice that you ate in the lunch, and you will eat today,
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ื”ืื•ืจื– ืฉืื›ืœืชื ื‘ืฆื”ืจื™ื™ื, ื•ืฉืชืื›ืœื• ื”ื™ื•ื,
07:14
is transplanted by women
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ื ืฉืชืœ ืข"ื™ ื ืฉื™ื
07:16
bending in a very awkward posture,
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ืฉืžืชื›ื•ืคืคื•ืช ืœืชื ื•ื—ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืœื ื ื•ื—ื”,
07:18
millions of them,
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ื™ืฉ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ื›ืืœื•,
07:20
every season, in the paddy season,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืขื•ื ื”, ื‘ืขื•ื ืช ื”ืื•ืจื–,
07:22
when they transplant paddy
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ื›ืฉื”ืŸ ืฉื•ืชืœื•ืช ืื•ืจื–
07:25
with their feet in the water.
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ื›ืฉืจื’ืœื™ื”ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ื.
07:27
And feet in the water will develop fungus,
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ื•ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื ื™ืคืชื—ื• ืคื˜ืจื™ื•ืช,
07:29
infections,
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ื–ื™ื”ื•ืžื™ื.
07:31
and that infection pains
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ื•ื”ื–ื™ื”ื•ืžื™ื ื”ืืœื• ื›ื•ืื‘ื™ื.
07:33
because then other insects bite that point.
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ื›ื™ ื—ืจืงื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื ื•ื’ืกื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื ืงื•ื“ื”.
07:36
And every year,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”,
07:38
99.9 percent of the paddy is transplanted manually.
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99.9 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ืื•ืจื– ื ืฉืชืœ ื™ื“ื ื™ืช.
07:41
No machines have been developed.
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ืฉื•ื ืžื›ื•ื ื” ืœื ืคื•ืชื—ื”.
07:43
So the silence of scientists,
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ืื– ืฉืชื™ืงืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ืขื ื™ื,
07:45
of technologists, of public policy makers,
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ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”, ืฉืœ ืงื•ื‘ืขื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช,
07:48
of the change agent, drew our attention that this is not on, this is not on;
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ืฉืœ ืกื•ื›ื ื™ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™, ืžืฉื›ื” ืืช ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื™ื‘ื ื• ืœื›ืš ืฉื–ื” ืœื ืคื•ืขืœ, ื–ื” ืœื ืคื•ืขืœ.
07:51
this is not the way society will work.
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ื–ืืช ืœื ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืชืชื ื”ืœ.
07:53
This is not what our parliament would do. You know,
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ื–ื” ืœื ืžื” ืฉื”ืคืจืœืžื ื˜ ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ืฉื”, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื.
07:56
we have a program for employment:
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืœื”ืขืกืงื”.
07:58
One hundred, 250 million people
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ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืชื” 250 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื
08:00
have to be given jobs for 100 days by this great country.
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ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœ- 100 ื™ืžื™ื ืข"ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื ืคืœืื” ื”ื–ื•.
08:03
Doing what? Breaking stones, digging earth.
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ื‘ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžื”? ืœืฉื‘ื•ืจ ืื‘ื ื™ื, ืœื—ืคื•ืจ ื‘ืื“ืžื”.
08:06
So we asked a question to the parliament:
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ืื– ืฉืืœื ื• ืฉืืœื” ืืช ื”ืคืจืœืžื ื˜,
08:09
Do poor have heads?
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ื”ืื ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืจืืฉ?
08:12
Do poor have legs, mouth and hands, but no head?
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ื”ืื ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื, ืคื” ื•ื™ื“ื™ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืจืืฉ ืœื?
08:15
So Honey Bee Network builds upon the resource in which poor people are rich.
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ืื– "ืจืฉืช ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื" ื ื‘ื ื™ืช ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื.
08:18
And what has happened?
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ื•ืžื” ืงืจื”?
08:20
An anonymous, faceless, nameless person
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ืื“ื ืื ื•ื ื™ืžื™, ื—ืกืจ ืคื ื™ื, ื—ืกืจ ืฉื
08:23
gets in contact with the network,
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ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืงืฉืจ ืขื ื”ืจืฉืช,
08:25
and then gets an identity.
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ื•ืžืงื‘ืœ ื–ื”ื•ืช.
08:27
This is what Honey Bee Network is about.
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ื–ื” ื›ืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœ "ืจืฉืช ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื".
08:29
And this network grew voluntarily,
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ื•ื”ืจืฉืช ื”ื–ื• ืฆืžื—ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื•ื•ืœื•ื ื˜ืจื™,
08:31
continues to be voluntary,
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ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื•ื•ืœื•ื ื˜ืจื™ืช,
08:33
and has tried to map the minds
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ื•ื ื™ืกืชื” ืœืžืคื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื•ื—ื•ืช
08:35
of millions of people
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ืฉืœ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื
08:37
of our country and other parts of the world who are creative.
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ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœื ื• ื•ืฉืœ ื—ืœืงื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉื”ื ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื™ื.
08:41
They could be creative in terms of education,
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ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš;
08:43
they may be creative in terms of culture,
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ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช;
08:45
they may be creative in terms of institutions;
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ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช;
08:47
but a lot of our work is in the field of technological creativity,
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ืื‘ืœ ื—ืœืง ื ื™ื›ืจ ืžื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื•ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช,
08:49
the innovations,
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ื”ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช,
08:51
either in terms of contemporary innovations,
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ืื ื‘ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ืขื›ืฉื•ื•ื™ืช,
08:53
or in terms of traditional knowledge.
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ืื• ื‘ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ื“ืข ืžืกื•ืจืชื™.
08:56
And it all begins with curiosity.
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ื•ื”ื›ื•ืœ ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืกืงืจื ื•ืช.
08:58
It all begins with curiosity.
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ื”ื›ื•ืœ ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืกืงืจื ื•ืช.
09:00
This person, whom we met -- and you will see it on the website,
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ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ื–ื”, ืฉื ืคื’ืฉื ื• ืื™ืชื•, ื•ืืชื ืชืจืื• ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืืชืจ,
09:02
www.sristi.org -- this tribal person,
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www.sristi.org , ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื˜ื™ ื”ื–ื”
09:05
he had a wish.
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ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื• ืžืฉืืœื”.
09:07
And he said, "If my wish gets fulfilled" --
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ, "ืื ื”ืžืฉืืœื” ืฉืœื™ ืชืชื’ืฉื" ---
09:10
somebody was sick and he had to monitor --
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ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื”ื™ื” ื—ื•ืœื” ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืฉื’ื™ื— --
09:13
"God, please cure him.
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"ืืœื•ื”ื™ื, ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืชืจืคื ืื•ืชื•.
09:15
And if you cure him, I will get my wall painted."
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ื•ืื ืชืจืคื ืื•ืชื•, ืื ื™ ืืฆื™ื™ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืงื™ืจ ืฉืœื™."
09:18
And this is what he got painted.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืฆื™ื™ืจ.
09:20
Somebody was talking yesterday about Maslowian hierarchy.
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ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ืืชืžื•ืœ ืขืœ ืžื“ืจื’ ืžืืกืœื•.
09:22
There could be nothing more wrong than
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ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื’ื•ื™
09:24
the Maslowian model of hierarchy of needs
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ืžืืฉืจ ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื”ืžื“ื•ืจื’ ืฉืœ ืžืืกืœื•
09:26
because the poorest people in this country can get enlightenment.
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ื›ื™ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื–ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื”ืืจื”.
09:29
Kabir, Rahim, all the great Sufi saints,
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ื›ื‘ื™ืจ, ืจืื”ื™ื, ื›ืœ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื”ืกื•ืคื™ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื
09:32
they were all poor people,
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ื”ื ื›ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ื™ื™ื,
09:34
and they had a great reason. (Applause)
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ื•ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื”ื ืกื™ื‘ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”.
09:36
Please do not ever think that
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ืื ื ืžื›ื ืืฃ ืคืขื ืืœ ืชื—ืฉื‘ื•
09:38
only after meeting your physiological needs and other needs
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ืฉืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื ื•ืฆืจื›ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืžืชืžืœืื™ื
09:40
can you be thinking about your spiritual needs or your enlightenment.
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืืจื” ืฉืœื›ื.
09:43
Any person anywhere is capable
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ื›ืœ ืื“ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœ
09:45
of rising to that highest point of attainment,
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ืœื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ืœื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืฉืžื”,
09:48
only by the resolve that they have in their mind that they must achieve something.
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ืจืง ืžื›ื•ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืฉื‘ื“ืขืชื ืฉืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืžืฉื”ื•.
09:51
Look at this.
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ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื• ื‘ื–ื”.
09:53
We saw it in Shodh Yatra. Every six months we walk
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ืจืื™ื ื• ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืฉื•ื“ ื™ื˜ืจื”. ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื
09:55
in different parts of the country.
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ื‘ื—ืœืงื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืืจืฅ.
09:57
I've walked about 4,000 kilometers in the last 12 years.
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ืื ื™ ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ื›- 4,000 ืง"ืž ื‘- 12 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช.
09:59
So on the wayside
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ื•ื‘ืฉื•ืœื™ ื”ื“ืจืš,
10:01
we found these dung cakes,
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ืžืฆืื ื• ืืช "ืขื•ื’ื•ืช ื”ื’ืœืœื™ื" ื”ืืœื•,
10:03
which are used as a fuel.
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ื‘ื”ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื›ื“ืœืง.
10:05
Now, this lady, on the wall of the dung cake heap,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ื–ื•, ืขืœ ื”ืงื™ืจ ืฉืœ ืขืจืžืช ืขื•ื’ื•ืช ื”ื’ืœืœื™ื,
10:08
has made a painting.
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ืฆื™ื™ืจื” ืฆื™ื•ืจ.
10:10
That's the only space she could express her creativity.
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ื–ื” ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉื‘ื• ื™ื›ืœื” ืœืชืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”.
10:12
And she's so marvelous.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ืžืคืœื™ืื”.
10:14
Look at this lady, Ram Timari Devi,
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ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื• ื‘ืืฉื” ื”ื–ื•, ืจืื ื˜ื™ืžืืจื™ ื“ื‘ื™,
10:16
on a grain bin. In Champaran, we had a Shodh Yatra
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ืขืœ ืžื›ืœื™ ื”ืชื‘ื•ืื”, ื‘ืžื—ื•ื– ืฆ'ืžืคืจืืŸ, ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ื“ ื™ื˜ืจื”.
10:18
and we were walking
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืขื“ื ื•
10:20
in the land where Gandhiji went
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ื‘ืืจืฅ ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืœืš ื’ื ื“ื™
10:22
to hear about the tragedy, pain
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืขืœ ื”ื˜ืจื’ื“ื™ื”, ื”ื›ืื‘
10:24
of indigo growers.
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ืฉืœ ืžื’ื“ืœื™ ื”ืื™ื ื“ื™ื’ื•.
10:26
Bhabi Mahato in Purulia and Bankura.
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ื‘ื”ื‘ื™ ืžื”ื˜ื• ื‘ืคื•ืจื•ืœื™ื” ืฉื‘ื‘ื ืงื•ืจื”.
10:28
Look at what she has done.
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ืชืจืื• ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืขืฉืชื”.
10:30
The whole wall is her canvas. She's sitting there with a broom.
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ื”ืงื™ืจ ื›ื•ืœื• ื”ื•ื ืœื•ื— ื”ืฆื™ื•ืจ ืฉืœื”. ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื ืขื ืžื˜ืื˜ื.
10:33
Is she an artisan or an artist?
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ื”ืื ื”ื™ื ืคื•ืขืœืช ืžื™ื•ืžื ืช ืื• ืืžื ื™ืช?
10:35
Obviously she's an artist; she's a creative person.
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ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืืžื ื™ืช, ื”ื™ื ืื“ื ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™.
10:37
If we can create markets for these artists,
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ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืืžื ื™ื ื”ืืœื•,
10:40
we will not have to employ them for digging earth and breaking stones.
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ืœื ื ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื”ืขืกื™ืง ืื•ืชื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืื“ืžื” ื•ืฉื‘ื™ืจืช ืื‘ื ื™ื.
10:43
They will be paid for what they are good at, not what they're bad at.
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ื”ื ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ืชืฉืœื•ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘, ืœื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื’ืจื•ืข.
10:46
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
10:51
Look at what Rojadeen has done.
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ืชืกืชื›ืœื• ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืจื•ื’'ื“ืŸ ืขืฉื”.
10:53
In Motihari in Champaran,
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ื‘ืžื•ื˜ื™ื”ืจื™ ืฉื‘ืžื—ื•ื– ืฆ'ืžืคืจืืŸ,
10:55
there are a lot of people who sell tea on the shack
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ื™ืฉื ื ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ืชื” ื‘ื‘ืงืชื”
10:57
and, obviously, there's a limited market for tea.
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ืฉื•ืง ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ ืœืชื”,
11:00
Every morning you have tea, as well as coffee.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืฉื•ืชื™ื ืชื”, ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืงืคื”.
11:02
So he thought, why don't I convert
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ืื– ื”ื•ื ื—ืฉื‘, ืœืžื” ืฉืœื ืืžื™ืจ
11:04
a pressure cooker into a coffee machine?
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ืกื™ืจ ืœื—ืฅ ืœืžื›ื•ื ืช ืงืคื”.
11:06
So this is a coffee machine. Just takes a few hundred rupees.
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ืื– ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืžื›ื•ื ืช ืงืคื”,
11:08
People bring their own cooker,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื,
11:10
he attaches a valve and a steam pipe,
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ื”ื•ื ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืฉืกืชื•ื ื•ืฆื™ื ื•ืจ ืื“ื™ื,
11:13
and now he gives you espresso coffee. (Laughter)
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ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืžื›ื™ืŸ ืœื›ื ืงืคื” ืืกืคืจืกื•.
11:15
Now, this is a real, affordable
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื–ื” ืืžื™ืชื™, ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉื’ื” ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื›ืกืคื™ืช,
11:18
coffee percolator that works on gas.
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ืคืจืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ ืงืคื” ืฉืคื•ืขืœ ืขืœ ื’ื–.
11:20
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
11:22
Look at what Sheikh Jahangir has done.
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ืชืจืื• ืืช ืžื” ืฉืฉื™ื™ืง ื’'ื ื’ื”ื™ืจ ืขืฉื”.
11:25
A lot of poor people do not have
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ืœื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื
11:27
enough grains to get ground.
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ืื™ืŸ ืžืกืคื™ืง ื’ืจื’ืจื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื˜ื—ื™ื ื”.
11:29
So this fellow is bringing
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ืื– ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืžื‘ื™ื
11:31
a flour-grinding machine on a two-wheeler.
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ืžื›ื•ื ืช ื˜ื—ื™ื ื” ืขืœ ื“ื•-ื’ืœื’ืœื™.
11:33
If you have 500 grams, 1000, one kilogram,
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ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš 500 ื’ืจื, 1000, ืงื™ืœื• ืื—ื“,
11:36
he will grind it for it for you; the flourmill will not grind such a small quantity.
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ื”ื•ื ื™ื˜ื—ืŸ ืื•ืชื ืขื‘ื•ืจืš; ื˜ื—ื ืช ื”ืงืžื— ืœื ืชื˜ื—ืŸ ื›ืžื•ืช ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ืงื˜ื ื”.
11:39
Please understand the problem of poor people.
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ืื ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื.
11:41
They have needs which
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ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืฆืจื›ื™ื
11:43
have to be met efficiently
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืžืœื ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช
11:45
in terms of energy, in terms of cost, in terms of quality.
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ืžื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ืื ืจื’ื™ื”, ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืขืœื•ืช, ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืื™ื›ื•ืช.
11:48
They don't want second-standard, second-quality outputs.
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ื”ื ืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืชื•ืฆืจื™ื ืกื•ื’ ื‘', ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื”.
11:51
But to be able to give them high-quality output
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืช ืœื”ื ืชื•ืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”
11:53
you need to adapt technology to their needs.
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ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื.
11:55
And that is what Sheikh Jahangir did.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืฉื™ืง ื’'ื ื’ื”ื™ืจ ืขืฉื”.
11:57
But that's not enough, what he did. Look at what he did here.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื“ื™ ื‘ื›ืš, ื‘ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืฉื”. ืชืจืื• ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืฉื” ื›ืืŸ.
12:02
If you have clothes, and you don't have enough time to wash them,
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ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืœื›ื ืžืกืคื™ืง ื–ืžืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื›ื‘ืก ืื•ืชื,
12:05
he brought a washing machine
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืžื›ื•ื ืช ื›ื‘ื™ืกื”
12:07
to your doorstep, mounted on a two-wheeler.
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ืืœ ืกืฃ ื“ืœืชื›ื, ืจื›ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื“ื•-ื’ืœื’ืœื™.
12:09
So here's a model where
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ืื– ื”ื ื” ื“ื’ื ืฉื‘ื•
12:11
a two-wheeler washing machine ...
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ืžื›ื•ื ืช ื›ื‘ื™ืกื” ืขืœ ื“ื•-ื’ืœื’ืœื™...
12:13
He is washing your clothes and drying them at your doorstep.
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ื”ื•ื ืžื›ื‘ืก ืืช ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื›ื ื•ืžื™ื™ื‘ืฉ ืื•ืชื ืขืœ ืžืคืชืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื›ื.
12:15
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
12:17
You bring your water, you bring your soap,
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ืืชื ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ื ืฉืœื›ื, ืืชื ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื‘ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื›ื.
12:20
I wash the clothes for you. Charge 50 paisa, one rupee
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ืื ื™ ืžื›ื‘ืก ืืช ื”ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื, ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืžื›ื 50 ืคืื™ืกื”, ืจื•ืคื™ ืื—ื“
12:23
for you per lot,
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ืขื•ืœื” ืœื›ื ืœื›ื‘ื™ืกื” ืื—ืช.
12:25
and a new business model can emerge.
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ื•ืžื•ื“ืœ ืขืกืงื™ ื—ื“ืฉ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื™ื—.
12:27
Now, what we need is, we need
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื–ื”, ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื
12:29
people who will be able to scale them up.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืื•ืชื.
12:31
Look at this.
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ืชืจืื• ืืช ื–ื”.
12:33
It looks like a beautiful photograph.
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ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ืฆื™ืœื•ื ื™ืคื”.
12:35
But you know what it is? Can anybody guess what it is?
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ืื‘ืœ ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื” ื–ื”? ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื ื—ืฉ ืžื” ื–ื”?
12:37
Somebody from India would know, of course.
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ืžื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื”ื•ื“ื• ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ื“ืข, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ.
12:39
It's a tawa.
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ื–ืืช ื˜ื•ื•ืื”.
12:42
It's a hot plate made of clay.
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ื–ื• ืžื—ื‘ืช ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืžื—ื™ืžืจ.
12:46
Now, what is the beauty in it?
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืžื” ื”ื™ื•ืคื™ ื‘ื–ื”?
12:49
When you have a non-stick pan,
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ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืžื—ื‘ืช ืฉืžื•ื ืขืช ื”ื™ื“ื‘ืงื•ืช,
12:51
it costs about,
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ื”ื™ื ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืขืจืš,
12:53
maybe, 250 rupees,
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ืื•ืœื™, 250 ืจื•ืคื™,
12:55
five dollars, six dollars.
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ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื“ื•ืœืจ, ืฉื™ืฉื” ื“ื•ืœืจ.
12:57
This is less than a dollar
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ื–ื• ืขื•ืœื” ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืœืจ.
12:59
and this is non-stick;
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืžื•ื ืขืช ื”ื™ื“ื‘ืงื•ืช.
13:01
it is coated with one of these
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ื”ื™ื ืžืฆื•ืคื” ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจ ื›ืœืฉื”ื•
13:03
food-grade materials.
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ืžื”ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื "ืžืชืื™ืžื™ ืžื–ื•ืŸ".
13:05
And the best part is that,
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ื•ืžื” ืฉื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื–ื”,
13:07
while you use a costly non-stick pan,
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ืฉื›ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื—ื‘ืช ืžื•ื ืข ื”ื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ื™ืงืจ,
13:09
you eat the so-called Teflon
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ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ืืช ืžื” ืฉืžื›ื•ื ื” ื”ื˜ืคืœื•ืŸ,
13:11
or Teflon-like material
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ืื• ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื“ืžื•ื™ื™ ื˜ืคืœื•ืŸ.
13:13
because after some time the stuff disappears. Where has it gone?
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ื›ื™ ืื—ืจื™ ืชืงื•ืคื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื ืขืœื, ืœืืŸ ื”ื•ื ื ืขืœื?
13:15
It has gone in your stomach. It was not meant for that. (Laughter)
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืงื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœื›ื. ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื•ืขื“ ืœื›ืš.
13:18
You know? But here
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืืŸ,
13:20
in this clay hot plate,
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ื‘ืžื—ื‘ืช ื”ื—ื™ืžืจ ื”ื–ื•,
13:23
it will never go into your stomach.
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ื–ื” ืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ื™ื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื›ื ืœืงื™ื‘ื”,
13:25
So it is better, it is safer;
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ืื– ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ื”; ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ;
13:27
it is affordable, it is energy-efficient.
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ื”ื™ื ื–ื•ืœื”; ื—ืกื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ืื ืจื’ื™ื”.
13:30
In other words, solutions by the poor people need not be cheaper,
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ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื–ื•ืœื™ื,
13:33
need not be, so-called, jugaad, need not be some kind of makeshift arrangement.
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ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื "ื˜ืจื™ืง", ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ื–ื• ื—ืœื•ืคื” ืืจืขื™ืช.
13:36
They have to be better, they have to be more efficient,
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ื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ,
13:38
they have to be affordable.
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ื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื‘ืจื™-ื”ืฉื’ื”.
13:40
And that is what Mansukh Bhai Prajapati has done.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉ-Mansukh Bhai Prajapati ืขืฉื”.
13:42
He has designed this plate with a handle.
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ื”ื•ื ืชื›ื ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื—ื‘ืช ื”ื–ื• ืขื ื™ื“ื™ืช.
13:45
And now with one dollar,
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ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ื“ื•ืœืจ ืื—ื“,
13:47
you can afford a better alternative
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืขืฆืžื›ื ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
13:49
than the people market is offering you.
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ืžื–ื• ืฉื”ืฉื•ืง [ืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจ] ืžืฆื™ืข ืœื›ื.
13:51
This lady, she developed
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ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ื–ื•, ื”ื™ื ืคื™ืชื—ื”
13:53
a herbal pesticide formulation.
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ื ื•ืกื—ื” ืฆืžื—ื™ืช ืœืงื•ื˜ืœ ืžื–ื™ืงื™ื.
13:55
We filed the patent for her,
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ื”ื’ืฉื ื• ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืจื™ืฉื•ื ืคื˜ื ื˜ ืขื‘ื•ืจื”,
13:57
the National Innovation Foundation.
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ื”ืงืจืŸ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืœื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช.
13:59
And who knows? Somebody will license this technology
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ื•ืžื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข, ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื™ืงื ื” ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืœื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื–ื•
14:02
and develop marketable products,
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ื•ื™ืคืชื— ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉื™ื•ื•ืงื™ื™ื,
14:05
and she would get revenue.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืชืงื‘ืœ ืชืฉื•ืื”.
14:07
Now, let me mention one thing:
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ืจืฉื• ืœื™ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“.
14:09
I think we need a polycentric model of development,
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืžื•ื“ืœ ืจื‘-ืžื•ืงื“ื™ ืฉืœ ืคื™ืชื•ื—,
14:11
where a large number of initiatives in different parts of the country,
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ื›ืฉืžืกืคืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื–ืžื•ืช ื‘ื—ืœืงื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืืจืฅ,
14:14
in different parts of the world,
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ื‘ื—ืœืงื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
14:16
would solve the needs of locality
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ื™ืคืชืจื• ืืช ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื
14:18
in a very efficient and adaptive manner.
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืื•ื“ ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ื•ืžื•ืชืื.
14:20
Higher the local fit,
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ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื”ืชืืžื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ,
14:22
greater is the chance of scaling up.
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ื›ืš ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืœื”ืชืจื—ื‘.
14:24
In the scaling up,
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ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื”ืชืจื—ื‘ื•ืช
14:26
there's an inherent inadequacy
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ื™ืฉ ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ืชืืžื” ืื™ื ื”ืจื ื˜ื™ืช
14:28
to match the needs of the local people,
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ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื,
14:31
point by point, with the supply that you're making.
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ืื—ื“ ืœืื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืชื•ืฆืจืช ืฉืืชื” ืžื™ื™ืฆืจ.
14:33
So why are people willing to adjust with that mismatch?
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ืื– ืœืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืขื ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื”ืชืืžื” ื”ื–ื”?
14:36
Things can scale up, and they have scaled up.
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ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื•ื”ื ืื›ืŸ ื’ื“ืœื•.
14:39
For example, cell phones: We have 400 million cellphones in this country.
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ืœืžืฉืœ, ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ื ื™ื™ื“ื™ื: ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• 400 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ื ื™ื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
14:42
Now, it is possible that I use only two buttons on the cellphone,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืื ื™ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืจืง ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืžืงืฉื™ื ื‘ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ,
14:45
only three options on the cellphone.
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ืจืง ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ.
14:47
It has 300 options, I'm paying for 300; I'm using only three
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื• 300; ืื ื™ ืžืฉืœื ืขืœ 300; ืื ื™ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืจืง ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉ,
14:50
but I'm willing to live with it, therefore it is scaling up.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืขื ื–ื”, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื–ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืชืจื—ื‘ื•ืช.
14:53
But if I had to get a match to match,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืžืฆื•ื ื”ืชืืžื” ืื—ื“ ืœืื—ื“,
14:55
obviously, I would need a different design of a cellphone.
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืื—ืจ ืฉืœ ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื ื™ื™ื“.
14:58
So what we're saying is that scalability
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ืื– ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื–ื” ืฉื›ื•ืฉืจ ื”ื”ืชืจื—ื‘ื•ืช
15:00
should not become an enemy of sustainability.
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ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื•ื™ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช.
15:02
There must be a place in the world
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ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื
15:04
for solutions that are only relevant for a locality,
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ืœืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ื ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืจืง ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช,
15:07
and yet, one can be able to fund them.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช, ืื“ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœืžืžืŸ ืื•ืชื.
15:11
One of the greatest studies that we've been finding is
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ืื—ื“ ื”ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื”ื ืคืœืื™ื ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ืžื•ืฆื
15:13
that many times investors would ask this question --
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ืฉืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื–ื• --
15:15
"What is a scalable model?" --
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"ืžื”ื• ืžื•ื“ืœ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืจื—ื‘ื”?" --
15:17
as if the need of a community, which is only
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ื›ืื™ืœื• ืฉื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื”
15:19
located in a space and time
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ืฉืžืžื•ืงืžืช ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืžืงื•ื ื•ื–ืžืŸ
15:21
and has those needs only located in those places,
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื” ืืช ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื”ืืœื• ืฉืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืจืง ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืืœื•,
15:24
has no legitimate right to get them for free
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ืื™ืŸ ืœื” ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื’ื™ื˜ื™ืžื™ืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ืื•ืชื ื‘ื—ื™ื ื,
15:26
because it's not part of a larger scale.
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ื›ื™ ื”ื ืœื ื—ืœืง ืžืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”.
15:28
So either you sub-optimize your needs to a larger scale
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ืื– ืื• ืฉืืชื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืชืช-ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœืš ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืืœื• ืฉืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”
15:30
or else you remain out.
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ืื• ืฉืืชื” ื ืฉืืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ.
15:32
Now, the eminent model, the long-tail model
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ื‘ื•ืœื˜, ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ื–ื ื‘ ื”ืืจื•ืš
15:35
tells you that small sales
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ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช
15:37
of a large number of books, for example,
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ืฉืœ ืžืกืคืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืกืคืจื™ื, ืœืžืฉืœ,
15:39
having only a few copies sold
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ืฉืžื›ืจื• ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืจืง ืžืกืคืจ ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉืœ ืขื•ืชืงื™ื,
15:41
can still be a viable model.
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ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืœ ื‘ืจ-ืงื™ืžื.
15:43
And we must find a mechanism where
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื•
15:45
people will pool in the portfolio, will invest in the portfolio,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืชืจืžื• ืœืื•ืกืฃ ื”ื–ื”, ื™ืฉืงื™ืขื• ื‘ืื•ืกืฃ ื”ื–ื”,
15:48
where different innovations will go to
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ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืžืฆืื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื™ื’ื™ืขื•
15:50
a small number of people in their localities,
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ืœืžืกืคืจ ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœื”ื,
15:52
and yet, the overall platform of the model will become viable.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช, [ืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจ] ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ื™ื”ืคื•ืš ืœืžืขืฉื™.
15:54
Look at what he is doing.
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ืชืกืชื›ืœื• ืžื” ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื”.
15:56
Saidullah Sahib is an amazing man.
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ืกืื™ื“ื•ืœืืกืื‘ ื”ื•ื ืื“ื ืžื“ื”ื™ื.
15:59
At the age of 70,
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ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 70,
16:01
he is linking up something very creative.
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ื”ื•ื ืจื•ืงื ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืื•ื“ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™.
16:04
(Music)
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(ืžื•ืกื™ืงื”)
16:10
Saidullah Sahib: I couldn't wait for the boat.
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ืกืื™ื“ื•ืœืืกืื‘: ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ื›ื•ืช ืœืกื™ืจื”.
16:17
I had to meet my love.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืคื’ื•ืฉ ืืช ืื”ื•ื‘ืชื™.
16:27
My desperation made me an innovator.
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ื”ื ื•ืืฉื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ื”ืคื›ื” ืื•ืชื™ ืœืžืžืฆื™ื.
16:38
Even love needs help from technology.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืขื–ืจื” ืฉืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”.
16:47
Innovation is the light of my wife, Noor.
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ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืื™ืฉืชื™, ื ื•ืจ.
16:51
New inventions are the passion of my life.
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ื”ืžืฆืื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื”ืชืฉื•ืงื” ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™.
16:57
My technology.
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ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœื™.
17:00
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
17:06
AG: Saidulluh Sahib is
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ื.ื’.: ืกืื™ื“ื•ืœืืกืื‘ ื”ื•ื
17:08
in Motihari, again in Champaran.
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ื‘ืžื•ื˜ื™ื”ืจื™, ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืžื—ื•ื– ืฆ'ืžืคืจืืŸ.
17:10
Wonderful human being,
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ื‘ืŸ ืื“ื ื ืคืœื,
17:13
but he stills sells, at this age,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื›ืจ, ื‘ื’ื™ืœื•,
17:16
honey on a cycle to earn his livelihood,
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ื“ื‘ืฉ ืขืœ ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื, ืœืžื—ื™ื™ืชื•
17:18
because we haven't been able to convince the water park people,
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ื›ื™ ืœื ื”ืฆืœื—ื ื• ืœืฉื›ื ืข ืืช ืื ืฉื™ ืคืืจืง ื”ืžื™ื,
17:21
the lake people, in [unclear] operations.
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ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืื’ื [ืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจ], ื‘ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื.
17:24
And we have not been able to convince the fire brigade people
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ื•ืœื ื”ืฆืœื—ื ื• ืœืฉื›ื ืข ืืช ืื ืฉื™ ืžื›ื‘ื™ ื”ืืฉ
17:26
in Mumbai -- where there was a flood a few years ago
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ื‘ืžื•ืžื‘ื™ื™, ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื• ืฉื™ื˜ืคื•ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื,
17:28
and people had to walk 20 kilometers, wading in the water --
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ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ื ืืœืฆื• ืœืฆืขื•ื“ 20 ืง"ืž, ืžืชื‘ื•ืกืกื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื,
17:31
that, look, you should have this cycle in your fire brigade office
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ืฉ...ืชืจืื•, ื›ื“ืื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื›ื ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ื›ืืœื• ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื”ืืฉ ืฉืœื›ื,
17:33
because you can then go to those lanes
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ื›ื™ ืื– ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื ืกื•ืข ื‘ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ืืœื•
17:35
where your buses will not go, where your transport will not go.
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ืฉืœืฉื ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืกื™ื ืฉืœื›ื ืœื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื, ื•ื”ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื ืœื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื.
17:38
So we have not yet cracked the problem
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ืื– ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ืคื™ืฆื—ื ื• ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”
17:40
of making it available as a rescue device,
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ืฉืœ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ื›ืœื™ ื”ื–ื” ืœืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ืฆืœื”,
17:43
as a vending device during the floods in eastern India,
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ื›ื›ืœื™ ืœืžื›ื™ืจื” ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืฉื™ื˜ืคื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืžื–ืจื— ื”ื•ื“ื•,
17:45
when you have to deliver things to people
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ื›ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื
17:47
in different islands
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ื‘ืื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื
17:49
where they're marooned.
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ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ื ื ื˜ื•ืฉื™ื.
17:51
But the idea has a merit. The idea has a merit.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืขืจืš; ืœืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืขืจืš.
17:54
What has Appachan done? Appachan, unfortunately, is no more,
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ืžื” ืืคืฆ'ืืŸ ืขืฉื”? ืืคืฆ'ืืŸ, ืœืฆืขืจื™, ืื™ื ื ื• ืขื•ื“,
17:57
but he has left behind a message.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืื—ืจื™ื• ืžืกืจ,
17:59
A very powerful message
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ืžืกืจ ืžืื•ื“ ื—ื–ืง
18:04
Appachan: I watch the world wake up every day.
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ืืคืฆ'ืืŸ: ืื ื™ ืžืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืชืขื•ืจืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื.
18:07
(Music)
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(ืžื•ืกื™ืงื”)
18:22
It's not that a coconut fell on my head,
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ื–ื” ืœื ืฉืื’ื•ื– ืงื•ืงื•ืก ื ืคืœ ืœื™ ืขืœ ื”ืจืืฉ,
18:24
and I came upon this idea.
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ื•ืคืชืื•ื ื‘ื ืœื™ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”.
18:31
With no money to fund my studies,
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ื‘ืœื™ ื›ืกืฃ ืœืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™,
18:34
I scaled new heights.
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ื”ืจืงืขืชื™ ืœื’ื‘ื”ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื.
18:38
Now, they call me the local Spiderman.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ื ืžื›ื ื™ื ืื•ืชื™ ื”ืกืคื™ื™ื“ืจืžืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™.
18:50
My technology.
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ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœื™.
18:52
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื).
18:55
AG: Many of you
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ื.ื’.: ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื›ื
18:57
might not realize and believe
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ืื•ืœื™ ืœื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื•ืœื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื
19:00
that we have sold this product internationally --
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ืฉืžื›ืจื ื• ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื --
19:02
what I call a G2G model,
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ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžื›ื ื” ืžื•ื“ืœ G2G,
19:04
grassroots to global.
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ืžื”ืชื—ืชื™ืช ืœื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™.
19:06
And a professor in the University of Massachusetts,
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ื•ืžืจืฆื” ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ืžืกืฆ'ื•ืกื˜ืก,
19:08
in the zoology department,
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ื‘ืžื—ืœืงื” ืœื–ื•ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”,
19:10
bought this climber because she wanted
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ืงื ืชื” ืืช ื”ืžื˜ืคืก ื”ื–ื” ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืจืฆืชื”
19:13
to study the insect diversity
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ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ืจืงื™ื
19:15
of the top of the tree canopy.
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ืฉืžืขืœ ืฆืžืจื•ืช ื”ืขืฆื™ื.
19:18
And this device makes it possible
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ื•ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื”
19:20
for her to take samples from a larger number of palms,
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ืœืืกื•ืฃ ื“ื’ื™ืžื•ืช ืžืžืกืคืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื“ืงืœื™ื,
19:22
rather than only a few,
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืจืง ืžื›ืžื” ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื,
19:24
because otherwise she had to make a big platform
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ื›ื™ ืื—ืจืช ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืขืจืžืช ืœื‘ื ื™ื
19:26
and then climb her [unclear] would climb on that.
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ื•ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืœื” ื”ื™ื• ืžืชืคืกื™ื ืขืœ ื–ื”.
19:28
So, you know, we are advancing the frontiers of science.
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ืื–, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงื“ืžื™ื ืืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื“ืข.
19:30
Remya Jose has developed ...
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ืจืžื™ื™ื” ื’'ื•ืก ืคื™ืชื—ื” --
19:32
you can go to the YouTube and find India Innovates
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื™ื•ื˜ื™ื•ื‘ ื•ืœื—ืคืฉ India Innovates (ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื•),
19:34
and then you will find these videos.
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ื•ืื– ืชืžืฆืื• ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื•.
19:36
Innovation by her when she was in class 10th:
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ื”ืžืฆืื” ืฉืœื” ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ื›ื™ืชื” ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื™ืช:
19:38
a washing machine-cum-exercising machine.
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ืžื›ื•ื ืช ื›ื‘ื™ืกื” ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ืช ื‘ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื›ื•ืฉืจ.
19:40
Mr. Kharai who is a physically challenged person,
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ืžืจ ื›ื”ืจืžื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืื“ื ืžืื•ืชื’ืจ ืคื™ื–ื™ืช,
19:43
one and a half foot height, only.
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ื’ื•ื‘ื”ื• ืจืง ื›ื—ืฆื™ ืžื˜ืจ.
19:45
But he has modified a two-wheeler so that he can get autonomy
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืขืฉื” ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื“ื•-ื’ืœื’ืœื™ ื›ืš ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืขืฆืžืื•ืช
19:48
and freedom and flexibility.
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ื•ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื•ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช.
19:51
This innovation is from the slums of Rio.
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ื”ื”ืžืฆืื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืžืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ืจื™ื•.
19:54
And this person, Mr. Ubirajara.
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ื•ื”ืื“ื ื”ื–ื”, ืžืจ ืื•ื‘ื™ืจื’'ืจื”,
19:56
We were talking about, my friends in Brazil,
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ื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ืขืœ, ืขื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœื™ ื‘ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœ,
19:58
how we scale up this model in China and Brazil.
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ืขืœ ืื™ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ื–ื” ื”ืœืื” ืœืกื™ืŸ ื•ืœื‘ืจื–ื™ืœ,
20:00
And we have a very vibrant network in China, particularly,
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืจืฉืช ืžืื•ื“ ื ืžืจืฆืช ื‘ืกื™ืŸ, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“,
20:03
but also emerging in Brazil and other parts of the world.
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืชื’ืœื” ื’ื ื‘ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœ ื•ื‘ื—ืœืงื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
20:06
This stand on the front wheel, you will not find on any cycle.
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ื”ืžืขืžื“ ื”ื–ื” ืขืœ ื”ื’ืœื’ืœ ื”ืงื™ื“ืžื™, ืœื ืชืžืฆืื• ื›ื–ื” ื‘ืฉื•ื ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื.
20:09
India and China have the largest number of cycles.
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ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื• ื•ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
20:11
But this innovation emerged in Brazil.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื”ืžืฆืื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ื•ืคื™ืขื” ื‘ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœ.
20:14
The point is, none of us should be parochial,
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ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ื, ืืœ ืœื ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฆืจื™ ืื•ืคืงื™ื,
20:17
none of us should be so nationalistic to believe
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ืืœ ืœื ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœืื•ืžื ื™ื™ื ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ืืžื™ืŸ
20:19
that all good ideas will come only from our country.
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ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื‘ื•ืื• ืจืง ืžื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœื ื•.
20:21
No, we have to have the humility to learn
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ืœื, ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื• ื”ืขื ื•ื” ืœืœืžื•ื“
20:24
from knowledge of economically poor people, wherever they are.
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ืžื”ื™ื“ืข ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ื™ื™ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช, ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื•.
20:27
And look at this whole range of cycle-based innovations:
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ื•ืชืจืื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฆืื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื•ืช ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื:
20:30
cycle that's a sprayer, cycle that
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ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžืจืกืก, ืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื
20:32
generates energy from the shocks on the road.
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ืฉืžื—ื•ืœืœื™ื ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืžื”ื–ืขื–ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื.
20:34
I can't change the condition of the road,
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื;
20:35
but I can make the cycle run faster.
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ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ืœื ืกื•ืข ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
20:37
That is what Kanak Das has done.
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืงืื ืืงื“ืก ืขืฉื”.
20:39
And in South Africa,
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ื•ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืืคืจื™ืงื”,
20:41
we had taken our innovators,
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ืœืงื—ื ื• ืืช ื”ืžืžืฆื™ืื™ื ืฉืœื ื•,
20:43
and many of us had gone there share with the colleagues in South Africa
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ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืื™ืชื ื• ื”ืœื›ื• ืœืฉื ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืขื ื”ืขืžื™ืชื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืืคืจื™ืงื”
20:46
as to how innovation can become
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ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืฉืœ ืื™ืš ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืคื•ืš
20:48
a means of liberation
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ืœืืžืฆืขื™ ืœืฉื—ืจื•ืจ
20:50
from the drudgery that people have.
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ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืคืจืš ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื.
20:52
And this is a donkey cart which they modified.
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ื•ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืขื’ืœืช-ื—ืžื•ืจ ืฉืขืฉื• ื‘ื” ืฉื™ื ื•ื™.
20:54
There's an axle here, of 30, 40 kg,
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ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืฆื™ืจ, ืฉืœ 30, 40 ืง"ื’,
20:56
serving no purpose.
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ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ.
20:58
Remove it, the cart needs one donkey less.
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ืชืกื™ืจื• ืื•ืชื•, ื”ืขื’ืœื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื—ืžื•ืจ ืื—ื“ ืคื—ื•ืช.
21:01
This is in China. This girl needed a breathing apparatus.
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ื–ื” ื‘ืกื™ืŸ. ื”ื™ืœื“ื” ื”ื–ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื” ืœืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื ืฉื™ืžื”.
21:04
These three people in the village
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ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื• ื‘ื›ืคืจ
21:06
sat down and decided to think,
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ื™ืฉื‘ื• ื•ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘,
21:08
"How do we elongate the life of this girl of our village?"
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"ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืืจื™ืš ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื” ื”ื–ื• ืžื”ื›ืคืจ ืฉืœื ื•?"
21:10
They were not related to her, but they tried to find out,
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ื”ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœื”, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื ื™ืกื• ืœื’ืœื•ืช,
21:12
"How can we use ... "
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ืื™ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืฆื™ื ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืกื”,
21:15
They used a cycle, they put together a breathing apparatus.
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ื”ื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ, ื•ื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ื• ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื ืฉื™ืžื”.
21:18
And this breathing apparatus now saved the life,
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ื•ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื”ื ืฉื™ืžื” ื”ื–ื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”,
21:20
and she's very welcome.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื›ื‘ื“ื” ื‘ื•.
21:22
There's a whole range of innovations that we have.
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ื™ืฉ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ืฉืœ ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืืฆืœื ื•.
21:24
A car, which runs on compressed air
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ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช, ืฉืžื•ื ืขืช ืžืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื“ื—ื•ืก
21:27
with six paisa per kilometer.
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ื‘ืฉืฉ ืคื™ื–ื•ืช ืœืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ.
21:29
Assam, Kanak Gogoi.
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ืืกืื, ืงืื ืง ื’ื•ื’ื™.
21:31
And you would not find this car in U.S. or Europe,
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ื•ืœื ืชืžืฆืื• ืืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ื–ื• ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ืื• ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื”,
21:33
but this is available in India.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ื›ืŸ ื–ืžื™ื ื” ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื•.
21:35
Now, this lady, she used to do the winding of the yarn
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ื–ื•, ืคืขื ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืœืคืคืช ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื˜
21:38
for Pochampally Saree.
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืคื•ืฆ'ืืžืคื•ืœื™ ืกืืจื™.
21:40
In one day, 18,000 times,
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ื‘ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“, 18,000 ืคืขื,
21:42
she had to do this winding
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ืœื™ืคื•ืฃ ื”ื–ื”
21:44
to generate two sarees.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืฉื ื™ ืกืืจื™ (ื‘ื’ื“ ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืžืกื•ืจืชื™).
21:46
This is what her son has done after seven years of struggle.
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœื” ืขืฉื” ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืื‘ืง.
21:49
She said, "Change your profession."
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ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื”, "ืชื—ืœื™ืฃ ืžืงืฆื•ืข."
21:51
He said, "I can't. This is the only thing I know, but I'll invent a machine,
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ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ, "ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ. ื–ื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืืžืฆื™ื ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ,
21:53
which will solve your problem."
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ืฉื™ืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืœืš."
21:55
And this is what he did, a sewing machine in Uttar Pradesh.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืฉื”, ืžื›ื•ื ืช ืชืคื™ืจื” ื‘- ืื•ื˜ืจ ืคืจืื“ืฉ.
21:57
So, this is what SRISTI is saying:
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ืื–, ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืกืจื™ืกื˜ื™ ืื•ืžืจ:
21:59
"Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world."
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"ืชื ื• ืœื™ ืžืงื•ื ืœืขืžื•ื“, ื•ืื ื™ ืื–ื™ื– ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื."
22:02
I will just tell you that we are also doing a competition among children
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ืื ื™ ืจืง ืื•ืžืจ ืœื›ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื’ื ืขื•ืจื›ื™ื ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืœื“ื™ื
22:05
for creativity, a whole range of things.
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ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช, ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
22:08
We have sold things all over the world,
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ืžื›ืจื ื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
22:10
from Ethiopia to Turkey to U.S. to wherever.
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ืžืืชื™ื•ืคื™ื”, ื•ืขื“ ืชื•ืจื›ื™ื”, ื•ืืจื”"ื‘ ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื.
22:13
Products have gone to the market, a few.
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ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื ื›ื ืกื• ืœืฉื•ืง, ื—ืœืงื.
22:15
These are the people whose knowledge made
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ืืœื• ื”ื ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื“ืข ืฉืœื”ื
22:17
this Herbavate cream for eczema possible.
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ืื™ืคืฉืจ ืืช ืงืจื Herbavate ื ื’ื“ ืื’ื–ืžื”.
22:19
And here, a company which licensed this herbal pesticide
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ื•ื›ืืŸ, ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉื”ืขื ื™ืงื” ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืœืงื•ื˜ืœ ื”ื—ืจืงื™ื ื”ืฆืžื—ื™
22:21
put a photograph of the innovator on the packing
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ืฉืžื” ืืช ืชืžื•ื ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžืฆื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืืจื™ื–ื”
22:23
so that every time a user uses it,
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ื›ืš ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื–ื”,
22:25
it asks the user, "You can also be an innovator.
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ื”ื™ื ืฉื•ืืœืช ืืช ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ, "ื’ื ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืžืฆื™ื.
22:27
If you have an idea, send it back to us."
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ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ, ืฉืœื— ืื•ืชื• ืืœื™ื ื•."
22:30
So, creativity counts, knowledge matters,
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ืื–, ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช, ื™ื“ืข ืžืฉืคื™ืข,
22:33
innovations transform, incentives inspire.
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ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ืžืฉื ื”, ืชืžืจื™ืฆื™ื ืžืขื•ืจืจื™ื ื”ืฉืจืื”.
22:36
And incentives: not just material, but also non-material incentives.
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ื•ืชืžืจื™ืฆื™ื, ืœื ืจืง ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื™ื, ืืœื ื’ื ืชืžืจื™ืฆื™ื ืœื-ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื™ื.
22:39
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
22:41
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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