Anil Gupta: India's hidden hotbeds of invention

202,331 views ใƒป 2010-05-06

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Lee Jessica ๊ฒ€ํ† : InHyuk Song
00:16
I bring to you
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜
00:19
a message from
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์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ๋„์›€์—†์ด
00:22
tens of thousands of people --
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์ž์‹ ๋งŒ์˜ ํš๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋กœ
00:25
in the villages, in the slums,
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•œ
00:27
in the hinterland of the country --
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์ธ๋„ ๋‚ด๋ฅ™์ง€์—ญ์˜
00:29
who have solved problems
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์ž‘์„ ๋งˆ์„๊ณผ ์Šฌ๋Ÿผ๊ฐ€์— ์‚ฌ๋Š”
00:31
through their own genius,
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์ˆ˜ ๋งŒ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
00:33
without any
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์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
00:35
outside help.
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๋“ค๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
00:37
When our home minister announces
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๋ช‡ ์ฃผ ์ „
00:40
a few weeks ago
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์ธ๋„ ๋‚ด๋ฌด๋ถ€์žฅ๊ด€์€
00:43
a war on
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์ •๋ถ€์˜ ํž˜์ด ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š”
00:45
one third of India,
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์ธ๋„์˜ 1/3์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” 200๊ฐœ ์ง€์—ญ์„
00:47
about 200 districts that he mentioned
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๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ†ต์น˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ
00:50
were ungovernable,
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์ •๋ถ€ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:52
he missed the point.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์žฅ๊ด€์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ
00:55
The point that we have been stressing
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ„๊ณผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:57
for the last 21 years,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง€๋‚œ 21๋…„๊ฐ„
00:59
the point that
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•ด ์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ
01:01
people may be economically poor,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋นˆ๊ณคํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
01:03
but they're not poor in the mind.
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์ •์‹ ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ํ’์š”๋กญ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:06
In other words,
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์ฆ‰
01:08
the minds on the margin
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์ด๋“ค์˜ ๋งˆ์Œ์€ ๊ฒฐ์ฝ”
01:10
are not the marginal minds.
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๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:13
That is the message,
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31๋…„ ์ „ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„
01:15
which we started 31 years ago.
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์•Œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ž ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:17
And what did it start?
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์™œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
01:19
Let me just tell you, briefly, my personal journey,
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ์ด ์ผ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ
01:21
which led me to come to this point.
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๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ๊ณ„๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:24
In '85, '86, I was in Bangladesh
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1985๋…„์—์„œ 86๋…„ ๋ฐฉ๊ธ€๋ผ๋ฐ์‹œ์—์„œ
01:26
advising the government and the research council there
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์ •๋ถ€์™€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์œ„์›ํšŒ ์ž๋ฌธ์œ„์›์œผ๋กœ ์ผํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
01:28
how to help scientists work on the lands,
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๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ
01:30
on the fields of the poor people,
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ง€์›ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€
01:33
and how to develop research technologies,
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๊ทธ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ง€์‹์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
01:35
which are based on the knowledge of the people.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ• ์ง€ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž๋ฌธ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:39
I came back in '86.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  1986๋…„์— ์ธ๋„๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:42
I had been tremendously invigorated
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๋†์ง€์†Œ์œ ์œจ์ด 60%๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š”
01:44
by the knowledge and creativity that I found in that country,
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์ธ๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ง€์‹๊ณผ ์ฐฝ์˜๋ ฅ์—
01:46
which had 60 percent landlessness
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์ •๋ง ๊ฐ๋™ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:48
but amazing creativity.
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๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ฐฝ์˜๋ ฅ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:51
I started looking at my own work:
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์ €๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:53
The work that I had done
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‚œ 10๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ
01:55
for the previous 10 years,
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์‚ดํŽด๋ณธ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ์š”
01:57
almost every time,
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—
01:59
had instances of knowledge
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์ด ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ๋ฐœ๋ช…๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ๊ณต์œ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ง€์‹๋“ค์ด
02:01
that people had shared.
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ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
Now, I was paid in dollars as a consultant,
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์ €๋Š” ์ž๋ฌธ์œ„์›์œผ๋กœ ์ผํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋กœ ์ž„๊ธˆ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:06
and I looked at my income tax return
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์ œ ์†Œ๋“์„ธ์‹ ๊ณ ์„œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด์„œ
02:08
and tried to ask myself: "Is there a line in my return,
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์ œ ์ž์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:11
which shows how much of this income has gone
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์ด ์ค‘์— ์–ผ๋งˆ์ •๋„๊ฐ€
02:13
to the people whose knowledge
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์ด ์ง€์‹์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
02:15
has made it possible?
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๋Œ์•„๊ฐ”์„๊นŒ?
02:17
Was it because I'm brilliant
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•ด์„œ
02:19
that I'm getting this reward, or because of the revolution?
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ณด์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ›๋‚˜?
02:22
Is it that I write very well?
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ธ€์„ ์ž˜ ์จ์„œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๊ฐ€?
02:24
Is it that I articulate very well?
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์„ค๋ช…์„ ์ž˜ ํ–ˆ๋‚˜?
02:26
Is it that I analyze the data very well?
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ถ„์„์„ ๋งค์šฐ ์ž˜ ํ–ˆ๋‚˜?
02:28
Is it because I'm a professor, and, therefore,
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ต์ˆ˜์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
02:30
I must be entitled to this reward from society?"
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์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ณด์ƒ์„ ๋‚ด๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋‹น์—ฐํ•œ ๊ฑด๊ฐ€?
02:33
I tried to convince myself that, "No, no,
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'์•„๋‹ˆ์•ผ' ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ •์ฑ…์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
02:35
I have worked for the policy changes.
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๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์Šค์Šค๋ฅผ ํ™•์‹ ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:37
You know, the public policy will become
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๊ณต๊ณต์ •์ฑ…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
02:39
more responsive to the needs of the poor,
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋„์›€์„ ์ค˜์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
02:41
and, therefore I think it's okay."
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์ €๋Š” ๊ดœ์ฐฎ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:43
But it appeared to me
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ
02:46
that all these years that I'd been working on exploitation --
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์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์ง€์ฃผ๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ฐฉ์ทจ
02:49
exploitation by landlords,
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์‚ฌ์ฑ„์—…์ž์™€ ์ƒ์ธ๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•œ
02:51
by moneylenders, by traders --
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์ฐฉ์ทจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
02:54
gave me an insight that
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๋‚˜ ์—ญ์‹œ๋„ ์ฐฉ์ทจ๋ฅผ ํ•œ๊ฒƒ์ด
02:56
probably I was also an exploiter,
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์•„๋‹Œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:58
because there was no line in my income tax return
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ œ ์†Œ๋“์„œ ์‹ ๊ณ ์„œ
03:00
which showed this income accrued
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์–ด๋””์—๋„ ์ด ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค,
03:02
because of the brilliance of the people --
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์ œ๊ฒŒ ์ง€์‹์„ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์‹ ๋…์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ 
03:04
those people who have shared their knowledge and good faith and trust with me --
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์ €๋ฅผ ๋ฏฟ์–ด์ค€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ƒ์ด ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ”๋‹ค๋Š”
03:06
and nothing ever went back to them.
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๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ์—†์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:08
So much so, that much of my work till that time
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๊ทธ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€
03:10
was in the English language.
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์˜์–ด๋กœ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:12
The majority of the people from whom I learned didn't know English.
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์ €๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณค๋˜ ๋ถ„๋“ค ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:15
So what kind of a contributor was I?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ธฐ์—ฌ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
03:17
I was talking about social justice,
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์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ •์˜ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:19
and here I was, a professional
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์ €๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ •์˜๋กญ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์ผ์„
03:21
who was pursuing the most unjust act --
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์ถ”๊ตฌํ–ˆ๋˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:23
of taking knowledge from the people, making them anonymous,
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๋นˆ๊ณคํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ์ง€์‹์€ ์–ป์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ๋Œ€๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ง€๋ถˆํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ 
03:26
getting rent from that knowledge
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๊ทธ ์ง€์‹์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ€์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
03:28
by sharing it and doing consultancy, writing papers and
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๊ทธ ์ง€์‹๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์ž๋ฌธ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์„ ์“ฐ๊ณ 
03:30
publishing them in the papers,
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๊ทธ ์ง€์‹์„ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ๊ฐ„ํ•˜๊ณ 
03:32
getting invited to the conferences,
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๊ด€๋ จ ํšŒ์˜์—๋„ ์ฐธ์„ํ•˜๊ณ 
03:34
getting consultancies and whatever have you.
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๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ž๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:37
So then, a dilemma rose in the mind that,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋”œ๋ ˆ๋งˆ์— ๋ด‰์ฐฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:39
if I'm also an exploiter, then this is not right;
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‚˜๋„ ์ฐฉ์ทจ์ž๋ผ๋ฉด ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜ณ์€ ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ
03:42
life cannot go on like that.
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์ธ์ƒ์„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์‚ด์•„์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:45
And this was a moment of great pain and trauma
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๊ทน์‹ฌํ•œ ๊ณ ํ†ต๊ณผ ์‹œ๋ จ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:48
because I couldn't live with it any longer.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋”์ด์ƒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
03:52
So I did a review of
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ณผํ•™๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์— ์žˆ์–ด
03:54
ethical dilemma and value conflicts and management research,
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๊ฐ€์น˜ ์ถฉ๋Œ๊ณผ ์œค๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๋”œ๋ ˆ๋งˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ณ 
03:56
wrote, read about 100 papers.
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100์—ฌํŽธ์˜ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์„ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์ฝ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
03:59
And I came to the conclusion that
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋‚˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋„๋‹ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์€
04:01
while dilemma is unique,
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์ด ๋”œ๋ ˆ๋งˆ๊ฐ€ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
04:03
dilemma is not unique; the solution had to be unique.
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๊ทธ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…๋„ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:06
And one day -- I don't know what happened --
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์–ด๋Š๋‚ , ๋ฌด์Šจ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋Š”๋ฐ
04:08
while coming back from the office towards home,
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์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์—์„œ ์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋˜ ์ค‘
04:11
maybe I saw a honey bee
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์•„๋งˆ ๊ฟ€๋ฒŒ์„ ๋ณธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:13
or it occurred to my mind that if I only could be like the honey bee,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฟ€๋ฒŒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
04:16
life would be wonderful.
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ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์‚ถ์„ ์‚ด์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:18
What the honey bee does: it pollinates,
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๊ฟ€๋ฒŒ์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์€ ๊ฝƒ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ๊ณ 
04:21
takes nectar from the flower,
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๊ฝƒ์—์„œ ๊ฟ€์„ ๋”ฐ๊ณ 
04:23
pollinates another flower, cross-pollinates.
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์ด๊ฝƒ์—์„œ ์ €๊ฝƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฝƒ๊ฐ€๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:25
And when it takes the nectar,
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๊ฟ€๋ฒŒ์ด ๊ฟ€์„ ๋”ฐ๋”๋ผ๋„
04:27
the flowers don't feel shortchanged.
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๊ฝƒ์€ ์ž๊ธฐ ๊ฟ€์„ ๋บ์•˜๊ฒผ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:30
In fact, they invite the honey bees
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ๊ฝƒ์ด ํ™”๋ คํ•œ ์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ
04:32
through their colors,
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๊ฟ€๋ฒŒ์ด ์ฐพ์•„์˜ค๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:35
and the bees don't keep all the honey for themselves.
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๊ฟ€๋ฒŒ์€ ์ž์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฟ€์„ ๋”ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:38
These are the three guiding principles of the Honey Bee Network:
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๊ฟ€๋ฒŒ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์—๋Š” ์„ธ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ง€์นจ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์›์น™์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:42
that whenever we learn something from people
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋ฐฐ์šด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์€
04:44
it must be shared with them in their language.
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๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ณต์œ ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:47
They must not remain anonymous.
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ง€์‹์ž„์„ ๋ช…๋ฐฑํžˆ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:49
And I must tell you that after 20 years,
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๊ผญ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ 20๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๋„
04:52
I have not made one percent of change
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด์ ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ 1ํผ์„ผํŠธ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋„
04:55
in the professional practice of this art.
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๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:57
That is a great tragedy -- which I'm carrying still with me
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ์•ˆํƒ€๊นŒ์šด ํ˜„์‹ค์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ๊ณ„์† ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:59
and I hope that all of you will carry this with you --
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:01
that the profession still legitimizes publication
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ํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ทธ ์ง€์‹์„ ์ค€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
05:04
of knowledge of people without attributing them
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๋ณด์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ฑ„, ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์ต๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ๋‚จ๊ฒจ๋‘” ์ฑ„
05:07
by making them anonymous.
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๋…ผ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ •๋‹นํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:09
The research guidelines of U.S. National Academy of Sciences
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ตญ๋ฆฝ๊ณผํ•™ ์•„์นด๋ฐ๋ฏธ๋‚˜
05:11
or Research Councils of the U.K.
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์˜๊ตญ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์œ„์›ํšŒ ๋˜๋Š”
05:13
or of Indian Councils of Science Research
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์ธ๋„ ๊ณผํ•™์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์œ„์›ํšŒ์˜ ์ง€์นจ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด
05:15
do not require
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์ง€์‹์„ ์ค€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•ด์•ผ
05:17
that whatever you learn from people, you must share back with them.
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ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:20
We are talking about an accountable society,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฑ…์ž„์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ,
05:22
a society that is fair and just,
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๊ณต์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ •์˜๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–˜๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:24
and we don't even do justice in the knowledge market.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ง€์‹์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ์กฐ์ฐจ ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ์‹คํ˜„ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:26
And India wants to be a knowledge society.
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์ธ๋„๋Š” ์ง€์‹์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ธธ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:28
How will it be a knowledge society?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ง€์‹์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
05:30
So, obviously, you cannot have two principles of justice,
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๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‘๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ •์˜๋Š” ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:32
one for yourself and one for others.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ •์˜, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ํƒ€์ธ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
05:34
It must be the same.
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๊ฐ™์€ ์ •์˜์˜ ์›์น™์ด ์ ์šฉ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:36
You cannot discriminate.
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์ฐจ๋ณ„์„ ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:38
You cannot be in favor of your own values,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์˜นํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์น˜์™€ ๋™๋–จ์–ด์ง„
05:40
which are at a distance from
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ž์‹ ๋งŒ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ
05:42
the values that you espouse.
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๊ฐ€์น˜๋Š” ์•ˆ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:45
So, fairness to one and to the other
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ํ•œ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š”
05:47
is not divisible.
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๊ณตํ‰ํ•จ์€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:49
Look at this picture.
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋ด ์ฃผ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
05:51
Can you tell me where has it been taken from,
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์–ด๋””์„œ ์ฐ์€ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ธ์ง€ ์•„์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
05:53
and what is it meant for? Anybody?
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๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๋Š” ์•„์‹œ๋Š” ๋ถ„ ์žˆ์œผ์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
05:56
I'm a professor; I must quiz you. (Laughter)
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๊ต์ˆ˜๋กœ์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ํ€ด์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:00
Anybody? Any guess at all?
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์•„์‹œ๋Š” ๋ถ„ ์—†์œผ์‹ ๊ฐ€์š”?
06:03
Pardon? (Audience Member: Rajasthan.)
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ง์”€ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? :Rajasthan(์ฒญ์ค‘)
06:05
Anil Gupta: But what has it been used for? What has it been used for?
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์• ๋‹ ๊ตฝํƒ€ : ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์šฉ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋ญ˜๊นŒ์š”? ์–ด๋–ค ์šฉ๋„๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
06:07
(Murmuring)
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(์ค‘์–ผ๊ฑฐ๋ฆผ)
06:09
Pardon?
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ง์”€ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
06:11
You know, you're so right. We must give him a hand,
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๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๋ถ„๊ป˜ ๋ฐ•์ˆ˜ ๋ณด๋‚ด์ฃผ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:14
because this man knows how insensitive our government is.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ €๋ถ„๊ป˜์„œ ์ธ๋„์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋ชฐ์ง€๊ฐํ•œ์ง€ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:17
Look at this. This is the site of the government of India.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ธ๋„์ •๋ถ€์ฒญ์‚ฌ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:19
It invites tourists
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์ธ๋„์˜ ์ˆ˜์น˜์Šค๋Ÿฌ์›€์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
06:21
to see the shame of our country.
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๊ด€๊ด‘๊ฐ์„ ์œ ์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:23
I'm so sorry to say that.
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์œ ๊ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ธฐ ์ง์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:25
Is this a beautiful picture
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๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ผ๊นŒ์š”
06:27
or is it a terrible picture?
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์•„๋‹˜ ํ˜•ํŽธ์—†๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
06:29
It depends upon how you look at the life of the people.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ณด๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ์— ๋‹ฌ๋ ค ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:32
If this woman has to carry water on her head
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ด ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ๋ฌผ๋™์ด๋ฅผ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์— ์ด๊ณ 
06:34
for miles and miles and miles,
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๋จผ๊ธธ์„ ์šด๋ฐ˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
06:36
you cannot be celebrating that.
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์•ˆํƒ€๊นŒ์šด ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:39
We should be doing something about it.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์—ฌ์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:41
And let me tell you, with all the science and technology at our command,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณผํ•™๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์žˆ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ๋ช…์˜
06:44
millions of women still carry water on their heads.
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์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋ฌผ๋™์ด๋ฅผ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์— ์ด๊ณ  ์ง์ ‘ ๋ฌผ์„ ๊ธธ์–ด ๋‚˜๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:47
And we do not ask this question.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:49
You must have taken tea in the morning.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์•„์นจ์— ์ฐจ ๋งˆ์‹œ๊ณ  ์˜ค์…จ์ฃ ?
06:52
Think for a minute.
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์ž ๊น ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค
06:54
The leaves of the tea, plucked from the bushes;
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์ฐจ๋‚˜๋ฌด์—์„œ ์ฐป์žŽ์„ ๋”ฐ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”
06:57
you know what the action is? The action is:
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋”ฐ๋Š”์ง€ ์•„์‹œ์ฃ ?
06:59
The lady picks up a few leaves, puts them in the basket on the backside.
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์ด ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ์ฐป์žŽ์„ ๋”ฐ์„œ ๋“ฑ๋’ค์— ๋ฐ”๊ตฌ๋‹ˆ์— ๋‹ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:02
Just do it 10 times;
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๋”ฑ 10๋ฒˆ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ด ๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค
07:04
you will realize the pain in this shoulder.
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์–ด๊นจ๊ฐ€ ์šฑ์‹ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆด ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:06
And she does it a few thousand times
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์ด ์—ฌ์„ฑ์€ ๋งค์ผ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ๋ฒˆ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
07:08
every day.
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์ฐป์žŽ์„ ๋•๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:11
The rice that you ate in the lunch, and you will eat today,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ ์‹ฌ์— ๋จน์€ ์Œ€, ๋˜ ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ๋จน์„ ์Œ€๋„
07:14
is transplanted by women
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๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ๋ช…์˜ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด
07:16
bending in a very awkward posture,
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ํž˜๋“ค๊ฒŒ ํ—ˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ถ€๋ ค
07:18
millions of them,
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๋งค ๋†๋ฒˆ๊ธฐ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋…ผ์—์„œ
07:20
every season, in the paddy season,
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๋งจ๋ฐœ์„ ๋ฌผ์— ๋‹ด๊ทผ์ฑ„
07:22
when they transplant paddy
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๋ฒผ๋ฅผ ์‹ฌ์–ด์„œ
07:25
with their feet in the water.
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์ˆ˜ํ™•๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:27
And feet in the water will develop fungus,
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๋ฌผ์— ๋‹ด๊ทผ ๋ฐœ์—๋Š” ๊ณฐํŒก์ด๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ณ 
07:29
infections,
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๊ฐ์—ผ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:31
and that infection pains
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๋ฒŒ๋ ˆ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์—ผ๋œ ๋ถ€์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ฌผ๋ฉด
07:33
because then other insects bite that point.
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๊ทธ ๋ถ€์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋” ์“ฐ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:36
And every year,
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๋งค๋…„
07:38
99.9 percent of the paddy is transplanted manually.
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99.9 ํผ์„ผํŠธ์˜ ๋…ผ์— ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ง์ ‘ ๋ฒผ๋ฅผ ์‹ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:41
No machines have been developed.
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๋†๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:43
So the silence of scientists,
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๊ณผํ•™์ž, ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž, ์ •์ฑ…์ž…์•ˆ๊ฐ€์˜
07:45
of technologists, of public policy makers,
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๋ฌด๊ด€์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด
07:48
of the change agent, drew our attention that this is not on, this is not on;
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์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:51
this is not the way society will work.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:53
This is not what our parliament would do. You know,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์˜ํšŒ๋Š” ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ„๊ณผํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:56
we have a program for employment:
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์ธ๋„์—๋Š” ๊ณ ์šฉํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:58
One hundred, 250 million people
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์ด ๊ณ ์šฉํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด 2์–ต 5์ฒœ๋งŒ๋ช…์˜ ์ธ๋„์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
08:00
have to be given jobs for 100 days by this great country.
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100์ผ๋™์•ˆ ์ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณต๋ฐ›์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:03
Doing what? Breaking stones, digging earth.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”? ๊ฐ€๋‚œ์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐ•๊ตฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:06
So we asked a question to the parliament:
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์˜ํšŒ์— ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋˜์ ธ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:09
Do poor have heads?
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๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์–ผ๊ตด์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
08:12
Do poor have legs, mouth and hands, but no head?
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๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์™€ ์ž…, ์†์€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์–ผ๊ตด์ด ์—†์ฃ ?
08:15
So Honey Bee Network builds upon the resource in which poor people are rich.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ฟ€๋ฒŒ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์ด๋“ค์ด ๋ถ€์ž๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž์›์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตฌ์ถ•๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:18
And what has happened?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
08:20
An anonymous, faceless, nameless person
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์ด๋ฆ„๋„ ์–ผ๊ตด๋„ ์—†์—ˆ๋˜ ์ต๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
08:23
gets in contact with the network,
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์ด ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:25
and then gets an identity.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ผ๊ตด๊ณผ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ์ฐพ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:27
This is what Honey Bee Network is about.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฟ€๋ฒŒ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:29
And this network grew voluntarily,
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์ด ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋Š” ์ž๋ฐœ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ๋ฐœ์ „ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
08:31
continues to be voluntary,
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:33
and has tried to map the minds
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๊ฟ€๋ฒŒ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ์ธ๋„๋ฟ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์˜
08:35
of millions of people
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์ˆ˜ ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ๋ช…์˜ ์ฐฝ์˜์ ์ธ
08:37
of our country and other parts of the world who are creative.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ „ํŒŒํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:41
They could be creative in terms of education,
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๊ต์œก ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ฐฝ์˜๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:43
they may be creative in terms of culture,
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๋ฌธํ™”์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋„
08:45
they may be creative in terms of institutions;
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์ œ๋„์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:47
but a lot of our work is in the field of technological creativity,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์ธ ์ฐฝ์˜๋ ฅ, ํ˜์‹  ๋ถ„์•ผ
08:49
the innovations,
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ํ˜„๋Œ€์ ์ธ ํ˜์‹ ์ด๋“ 
08:51
either in terms of contemporary innovations,
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ง€์‹์ด๋“  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ
08:53
or in terms of traditional knowledge.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:56
And it all begins with curiosity.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘์€ ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:58
It all begins with curiosity.
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๋ชจ๋‘ ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ง€์š”
09:00
This person, whom we met -- and you will see it on the website,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋‚œ ์ด ๋‚จ์„ฑ์„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด www.sristi.org์—์„œ
09:02
www.sristi.org -- this tribal person,
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๋ณด์‹œ๊ฒŒ ๋  ํ…๋ฐ ์ด ๋‚จ์„ฑ์€
09:05
he had a wish.
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ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐ”๋žจ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:07
And he said, "If my wish gets fulfilled" --
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์•„ํ”ˆ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
09:10
somebody was sick and he had to monitor --
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"ํ•˜๋Š๋‹˜, ์ œ ์†Œ์›์„ ๋“ค์–ด์ฃผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
09:13
"God, please cure him.
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋‚ซ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”." ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋นŒ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:15
And if you cure him, I will get my wall painted."
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"๋‚ซ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ์‹œ๋ฉด ๋ฒฝ์— ํŽ˜์ธํŠธ์น ์„ ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:18
And this is what he got painted.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์น ํ•œ ๋ฒฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:20
Somebody was talking yesterday about Maslowian hierarchy.
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์–ด์ œ ์–ด๋–ค๋ถ„์ด ์ œ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ”์Šฌ๋กœ์˜ ์š•๊ตฌ์œ„๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์…จ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”
09:22
There could be nothing more wrong than
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๋ฉ”์Šฌ๋กœ์˜ ์š•๊ตฌ์œ„๊ณ„ ๋ชจ๋ธ์€
09:24
the Maslowian model of hierarchy of needs
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:26
because the poorest people in this country can get enlightenment.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ธ๋„์˜ ๋นˆ๊ณค์ธต์„ ๊ณ„๋ชฝํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
09:29
Kabir, Rahim, all the great Sufi saints,
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์นด๋นŒ, ํ•˜๋ฆผ์€ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์ˆ˜ํ”ผ๊ต๋„๋“ค์ด๋ฉฐ
09:32
they were all poor people,
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์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
09:34
and they had a great reason. (Applause)
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ํฐ ๋œป์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:36
Please do not ever think that
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์ƒ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์š•๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ถฉ์กฑ๋˜์–ด์•ผ๋งŒ
09:38
only after meeting your physiological needs and other needs
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๊ณ„๋ชฝ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ •์‹ ์ ์ธ ์š•๊ตฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ณ ๋ คํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ 
09:40
can you be thinking about your spiritual needs or your enlightenment.
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์ ˆ๋Œ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค
09:43
Any person anywhere is capable
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์„ฑ์ทจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋งˆ์Œ๊ฐ€์ง์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•  ๋•Œ,
09:45
of rising to that highest point of attainment,
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ
09:48
only by the resolve that they have in their mind that they must achieve something.
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๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
09:51
Look at this.
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์—ฌ๊ธธ ๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค
09:53
We saw it in Shodh Yatra. Every six months we walk
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‡ผ๋“œ ์•ผํŠธ๋ผ(Sristi๋ผ๋Š” NGO ๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๊ด€ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฌํ–‰) ์ค‘์— ๋ณธ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
09:55
in different parts of the country.
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์ธ๋„์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์„ ๋‹ค๋…”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:57
I've walked about 4,000 kilometers in the last 12 years.
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์ง€๋‚œ 12๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ €๋Š” 4000km๋ฅผ ๊ฑธ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:59
So on the wayside
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๊ธธ๊ฐ€์—์„œ
10:01
we found these dung cakes,
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์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์“ฐ์ด๋Š”
10:03
which are used as a fuel.
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์ด ์†Œ๋˜ฅ์„ ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:05
Now, this lady, on the wall of the dung cake heap,
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด ์—ฌ์„ฑ์€ ์ด ์†Œ๋˜ฅ์„ ๋ฒฝ์—
10:08
has made a painting.
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ํŽ˜์ธํŠธ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:10
That's the only space she could express her creativity.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ์ฐฝ์˜๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:12
And she's so marvelous.
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ํ™˜์ƒ์ ์ด์ฃ ?
10:14
Look at this lady, Ram Timari Devi,
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์ด ์—ฌ์„ฑ์€ ๋žŒ ํ‹ฐ๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ๋น„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:16
on a grain bin. In Champaran, we had a Shodh Yatra
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์ƒดํŒŒ๋ž€์˜ ๊ณก๋ฌผ ์ฐฝ๊ณ  ์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‡ผ๋“œ ์•ผํŠธ๋ผ ์ค‘์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค..
10:18
and we were walking
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์ธ๋””๊ณ ์žฌ๋ฐฐ์ž๋“ค์˜
10:20
in the land where Gandhiji went
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๊ณ ํ†ต๊ณผ ์ฐธํ˜นํ•จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
10:22
to hear about the tragedy, pain
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๋“ฃ๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ„๋””๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ”๋˜ ๊ณณ์„
10:24
of indigo growers.
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๊ฑธ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:26
Bhabi Mahato in Purulia and Bankura.
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๋ฐ˜์ฟ ๋ผ ํ‘ธ๋ฃจ๋ฆฌ์•„์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ”ํ•˜๋น„ ๋งˆํ•˜ํ† ๋ผ๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:28
Look at what she has done.
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์ด ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
10:30
The whole wall is her canvas. She's sitting there with a broom.
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๋ฒฝ ์ „์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์บ”๋ฒ„์Šค ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น—์ž๋ฃจ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๊ณ  ์ €๊ธฐ ์•‰์•„ ์žˆ๋„ค์š”.
10:33
Is she an artisan or an artist?
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์ด ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ์žฅ์ธ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด๋‚˜์š” ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด๋‚˜์š”?
10:35
Obviously she's an artist; she's a creative person.
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ํ‹€๋ฆผ์—†์ด ์ฐฝ์˜์ ์ธ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:37
If we can create markets for these artists,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ด ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹œ์žฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
10:40
we will not have to employ them for digging earth and breaking stones.
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๋•…์„ ํŒŒ๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์ž‘์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ด๋“ค์„ ๊ณ ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:43
They will be paid for what they are good at, not what they're bad at.
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ž˜ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ž˜ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฒŒ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:46
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
10:51
Look at what Rojadeen has done.
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๋กœ์ž๋”˜์˜ ๋งŒ๋“  ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ’ˆ์„ ๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
10:53
In Motihari in Champaran,
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์ƒดํŒŒ๋ž€ ๋ชจํ‹ฐํ•˜๋ฆฌ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š”
10:55
there are a lot of people who sell tea on the shack
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ํŒ์ž์ดŒ์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํŒ”๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:57
and, obviously, there's a limited market for tea.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ฐจ ์‹œ์žฅ์€ ์ œํ•œ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:00
Every morning you have tea, as well as coffee.
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๋งค์ผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ฐจ๋‚˜ ์ปคํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:02
So he thought, why don't I convert
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์™œ ์••๋ ฅ๋ฐฅ์†ฅ์„ ์ปคํ”ผ์ œ์กฐ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋กœ
11:04
a pressure cooker into a coffee machine?
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๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:06
So this is a coffee machine. Just takes a few hundred rupees.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ปคํ”ผ์ œ์กฐ๊ธฐ์ธ๋ฐ์š” ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์€ ๊ณ ์ž‘ ๋ช‡๋ฐฑ ๋ฃจํ”ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:08
People bring their own cooker,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์••๋ ฅ๋ฐฅ์†ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™€์„œ
11:10
he attaches a valve and a steam pipe,
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๋ฐธ๋ธŒ์™€ ์ŠคํŒ€ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•ด ์ปคํ”ผ์ œ์กฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ณ 
11:13
and now he gives you espresso coffee. (Laughter)
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด์ œ ์—์Šคํ”„๋ ˆ์†Œ ์ปคํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:15
Now, this is a real, affordable
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ค์ œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ
11:18
coffee percolator that works on gas.
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๊ฐ€์Šค๋กœ ์ž‘๋™๋˜๋Š” ์ปคํ”ผ์ œ์กฐ๊ธฐ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:20
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
11:22
Look at what Sheikh Jahangir has done.
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์‰์ดํฌ ์žํ•œ๊ธธ์˜ ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ’ˆ์„ ๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
11:25
A lot of poor people do not have
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ
11:27
enough grains to get ground.
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๊ณก๋ฌผ์„ ์–ป์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:29
So this fellow is bringing
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์‰์ดํฌ ์žํ•œ๊ธธ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋‘๋ฐ”ํ€ด๋กœ ๋œ
11:31
a flour-grinding machine on a two-wheeler.
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์ œ๋ถ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:33
If you have 500 grams, 1000, one kilogram,
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500g, 1kg ๊ฐ™์ด ์ ์€ ์–‘์€
11:36
he will grind it for it for you; the flourmill will not grind such a small quantity.
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์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์ œ๋ถ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด ์ด ์‰์ดํฌ ์žํ•œ๊ธธ์ด ๋งŒ๋“  ์ œ๋ถ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:39
Please understand the problem of poor people.
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๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:41
They have needs which
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์ด๋“ค์€ ๋น„์šฉ, ํ’ˆ์งˆ, ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฉด์—์„œ
11:43
have to be met efficiently
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ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ์ œํ’ˆ์ด
11:45
in terms of energy, in terms of cost, in terms of quality.
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ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:48
They don't want second-standard, second-quality outputs.
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์ด๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ์ €๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ œํ’ˆ, ํ’ˆ์งˆ์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ œํ’ˆ์€ ์›์น˜ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:51
But to be able to give them high-quality output
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๊ณ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์˜ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:53
you need to adapt technology to their needs.
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์ด๋“ค์˜ ํ•„์š”๋ฅผ ์ถฉ์กฑ ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๋„์ž…ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
11:55
And that is what Sheikh Jahangir did.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ์ผ์„ ์‰์ดํฌ ์ž”ํ•œ๊ธธ ์ด ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:57
But that's not enough, what he did. Look at what he did here.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ’ˆ์„ ๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
12:02
If you have clothes, and you don't have enough time to wash them,
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์˜ท์€ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์—†์–ด ์„ธํƒ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด
12:05
he brought a washing machine
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์‰์ดํฌ ์ง„ํ•œ๊ธธ์ด ๋งŒ๋“ 
12:07
to your doorstep, mounted on a two-wheeler.
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์„ธํƒ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:09
So here's a model where
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‘๋ฐ”ํ€ด๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Š”
12:11
a two-wheeler washing machine ...
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์„ธํƒ๊ธฐ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:13
He is washing your clothes and drying them at your doorstep.
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์ง„ํ•œ๊ธธ ๋•๋ถ„์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ง‘์—์„œ ์˜ท์„ ์„ธํƒํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฑด์กฐ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:15
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
12:17
You bring your water, you bring your soap,
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๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๋น„๋ˆ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค์…”์„œ
12:20
I wash the clothes for you. Charge 50 paisa, one rupee
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ํ•œ๋ฒŒ์— 1.5๋ฃจํ”ผ ๋ฐ›๊ณ 
12:23
for you per lot,
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์„ธํƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:25
and a new business model can emerge.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋น„์ง€๋‹ˆ์Šค ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:27
Now, what we need is, we need
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
12:29
people who will be able to scale them up.
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์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:31
Look at this.
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์ด๊ฑธ ๋ด์ฃผ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค
12:33
It looks like a beautiful photograph.
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๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:35
But you know what it is? Can anybody guess what it is?
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ญ”์ง€ ์•„์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์•„์‹œ๋Š” ๋ถ„ ๊ณ„์‹ ๊ฐ€์š”?
12:37
Somebody from India would know, of course.
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์ธ๋„์—์„œ ์˜ค์‹  ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ž˜ ์•„์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:39
It's a tawa.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํƒ€์™€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:42
It's a hot plate made of clay.
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์ง„ํ™์œผ๋กœ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ํ›„๋ผ์ดํŒฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:46
Now, what is the beauty in it?
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ํƒ€์™€๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์žฅ์ ์ด ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
12:49
When you have a non-stick pan,
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ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ด ๋“ค์–ด ๋ถ™์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”
12:51
it costs about,
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ํ›„๋ผ์ดํŒฌ์€
12:53
maybe, 250 rupees,
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๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด 250 ๋ฃจํ”ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:55
five dollars, six dollars.
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๋ฏธํ™”๋กœ 5~6๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ •๋„ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:57
This is less than a dollar
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ 1๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋„ ์ฑ„ ์•ˆ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:59
and this is non-stick;
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๋“ค๋Ÿฌ๋ถ™์ง€๋„ ์•Š๊ตฌ์š”.
13:01
it is coated with one of these
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์‹์šฉ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋กœ
13:03
food-grade materials.
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์ฝ”ํŒ…์ด ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:05
And the best part is that,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด
13:07
while you use a costly non-stick pan,
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๋“ค๋Ÿฌ๋ถ™์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋น„์‹ผ ํ›„๋ผ์ดํŒฌ์„
13:09
you eat the so-called Teflon
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์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๋•Œ ๋“ค๋Ÿฌ๋ถ™์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š”
13:11
or Teflon-like material
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ํ…Œํ”Œ๋ก ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๋จน๊ฒŒ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ
13:13
because after some time the stuff disappears. Where has it gone?
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๋‹ณ์•„์„œ ์—†์–ด์ง„ ํ…Œํ”Œ๋ก ์ด ์–ด๋””๋กœ ๊ฐ”์„๊นŒ์š”?
13:15
It has gone in your stomach. It was not meant for that. (Laughter)
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋ฑƒ์†์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ . ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
13:18
You know? But here
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ
13:20
in this clay hot plate,
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์ด ์ง„ํ™ ํ›„๋ผ์ดํŒฌ์€
13:23
it will never go into your stomach.
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์ ˆ๋Œ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋ฑƒ์†์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:25
So it is better, it is safer;
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋” ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์•ˆ์ „ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:27
it is affordable, it is energy-efficient.
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๋” ์ €๋ ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:30
In other words, solutions by the poor people need not be cheaper,
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งํ•ด ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์€ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ค ํ•„์š”๋„ ์—†๊ณ 
13:33
need not be, so-called, jugaad, need not be some kind of makeshift arrangement.
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์†Œ์œ„ '์ž๊ฐ€๋“œ(์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ์›๋™๊ธฐ)'๊ฐ€ ๋  ํ•„์š”๋„ ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ž„์‹œ๋ฐฉํŽธ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:36
They have to be better, they have to be more efficient,
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๋” ๋ฐœ์ „๋˜๊ณ  ๋” ํšจ์œจ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ,
13:38
they have to be affordable.
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๋” ์ €๋ ดํ•œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ์ฐพ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:40
And that is what Mansukh Bhai Prajapati has done.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ๋งŒ์ˆ˜ํฌ ๋ฐ”์ด ํ”„๋ผ์žํŒŒํ‹ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:42
He has designed this plate with a handle.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ด ์†์žก์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฐ ํ›„๋ผ์ดํŒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
13:45
And now with one dollar,
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1๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฐ–์— ์•ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:47
you can afford a better alternative
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์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋ณด๋‹ค
13:49
than the people market is offering you.
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๋” ๋‚˜์€ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:51
This lady, she developed
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์ด ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋ถ„์€ ์‹๋ฌผ์„ฑ๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ๋œ
13:53
a herbal pesticide formulation.
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์‚ด์ถฉ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:55
We filed the patent for her,
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€ํ˜์‹ ์žฌ๋‹จ์—
13:57
the National Innovation Foundation.
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ํŠนํ—ˆ๋ฅผ ์‹ ์ฒญํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:59
And who knows? Somebody will license this technology
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์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‚  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
14:02
and develop marketable products,
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๋˜ ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ํŒ”์ˆ˜์žˆ๋Š” ์ œํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋˜์–ด
14:05
and she would get revenue.
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์ˆ˜์ต์„ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ๋„ ์žˆ์„ ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ฃ .
14:07
Now, let me mention one thing:
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ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:09
I think we need a polycentric model of development,
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์ €๋Š” ์ธ๋„์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ
14:11
where a large number of initiatives in different parts of the country,
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์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ฐ์ง€์—์„œ์˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋“ค์ด
14:14
in different parts of the world,
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ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ์‘ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ
14:16
would solve the needs of locality
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์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๋‹ˆ์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ์ถฉ์กฑ์‹œ์ผœ์ฃผ๋Š”
14:18
in a very efficient and adaptive manner.
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๋‹ค์ค‘์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:20
Higher the local fit,
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์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ๋” ์ ํ•ฉํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก
14:22
greater is the chance of scaling up.
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ํ™•์‚ฐ๋  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๋„ ๋” ์ปค์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:24
In the scaling up,
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๊ทธ ํ™•์‚ฐ ๊ณผ์ •์—
14:26
there's an inherent inadequacy
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋งŒ๋“  ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜์”ฉ ์ ‘๋ชฉ์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉด์„œ
14:28
to match the needs of the local people,
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์ง€์—ญ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์˜ ๋‹ˆ์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ์ถฉ์กฑ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐ๋Š”
14:31
point by point, with the supply that you're making.
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๋‚ด์žฌ๋œ ๋ถ€์ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:33
So why are people willing to adjust with that mismatch?
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์™œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ ๋ถ€์ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์„ ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
14:36
Things can scale up, and they have scaled up.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ™•์‚ฐ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ํ™•์‚ฐ๋˜์–ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:39
For example, cell phones: We have 400 million cellphones in this country.
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด ํœด๋Œ€ํฐ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ๋„์—๋Š” 4์–ต๋ช…์˜ ํœด๋Œ€ํฐ ๊ฐ€์ž…์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:42
Now, it is possible that I use only two buttons on the cellphone,
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์ €๋Š” ํœด๋Œ€ํฐ์—์„œ ๋‹จ์ง€ ๋‘๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‘๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฒ„ํŠผ๋งŒ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด๊ณ 
14:45
only three options on the cellphone.
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์„ธ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:47
It has 300 options, I'm paying for 300; I'm using only three
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300๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ์š”๊ธˆ๋„ 300๊ฐœ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๋งŒํผ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋‹จ 3๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅํ•œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:50
but I'm willing to live with it, therefore it is scaling up.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ „ ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํœด๋Œ€ํฐ์ด ํ™•์‚ฐ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:53
But if I had to get a match to match,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋”ฑ ์ œ๊ฒŒ ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ํœด๋Œ€ํฐ์„ ์›ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
14:55
obviously, I would need a different design of a cellphone.
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๋ถ„๋ช… ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋””์ž์ธ์˜ ํœด๋Œ€ํฐ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:58
So what we're saying is that scalability
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ™•์žฅ์„ฑ์ด
15:00
should not become an enemy of sustainability.
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์ง€์†๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ €ํ•ดํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:02
There must be a place in the world
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์ง€์—ญ๋งŒ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
15:04
for solutions that are only relevant for a locality,
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์„ธ์ƒ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:07
and yet, one can be able to fund them.
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๊ทธ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ž๊ธˆ์„ ์ง€์›ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:11
One of the greatest studies that we've been finding is
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ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค ์ค‘ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
15:13
that many times investors would ask this question --
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๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ํˆฌ์ž์ž๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:15
"What is a scalable model?" --
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ํ™•์žฅ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€?
15:17
as if the need of a community, which is only
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์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๋‹ˆ์ฆˆ๊ฐ€
15:19
located in a space and time
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๋‹จ์ง€ ๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์‹œ๊ฐ„,
15:21
and has those needs only located in those places,
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๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„
15:24
has no legitimate right to get them for free
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๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ •๋‹นํ™” ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:26
because it's not part of a larger scale.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋” ํฐ ์„ธ์ƒ์˜ ์ผ์›์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
15:28
So either you sub-optimize your needs to a larger scale
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์˜ ๋‹ˆ์ฆˆ๋ฅผ ๋” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฐจ์„ ์ฑ…์„ ํƒํ•˜๋˜์ง€
15:30
or else you remain out.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๋‚ด๋ฒ„๋ ค ๋‘ฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:32
Now, the eminent model, the long-tail model
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์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ๋กฑํ…Œ์ผ ๋ชจ๋ธ์€
15:35
tells you that small sales
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์˜ˆ์ปจ๋ฐ ๋งŽ์€ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ฑ…์ด
15:37
of a large number of books, for example,
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์†Œ๋Ÿ‰ ํŒ๋งค ๋˜๋”๋ผ๋„
15:39
having only a few copies sold
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๋‹จ์ง€ ๋ช‡๊ถŒ๋งŒ ํŒ๋งค๋˜๋”๋ผ๋„
15:41
can still be a viable model.
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:43
And we must find a mechanism where
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํฌํŠธํด๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ํˆฌ์žํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
15:45
people will pool in the portfolio, will invest in the portfolio,
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๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์„ ์ฐพ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:48
where different innovations will go to
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ˜์‹ ์ด ๊ทธ์ง€์—ญ ๋‚ด์˜ ์†Œ์ˆ˜์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋„
15:50
a small number of people in their localities,
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๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฉ”์ปค๋‹ˆ์ฆ˜์„ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ฐพ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:52
and yet, the overall platform of the model will become viable.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:54
Look at what he is doing.
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์ด ๋‚จ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
15:56
Saidullah Sahib is an amazing man.
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์‚ฌ์ด๋‘˜๋ผ์‚ฌํž™์€ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:59
At the age of 70,
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๊ทธ๋Š” 70์„ธ๋กœ
16:01
he is linking up something very creative.
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์•„์ฃผ ์ฐฝ์กฐ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์„œ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:04
(Music)
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(์Œ์•…)
16:10
Saidullah Sahib: I couldn't wait for the boat.
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์‚ฌ์ด๋‘˜๋ผ์‚ฌํž™: ๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆด ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
16:17
I had to meet my love.
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์ œ ์—ฐ์ธ์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜์•ผ ํ–ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
16:27
My desperation made me an innovator.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ €์˜ ๊ฐ„์ ˆํ•จ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ˜์‹ ์ด ํƒ„์ƒํ•œ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
16:38
Even love needs help from technology.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์‚ฌ๋ž‘๋„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ํž˜์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:47
Innovation is the light of my wife, Noor.
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ํ˜์‹ ์€ ์ œ ์•„๋‚ด ๋ˆŒ(Noor)์˜ ํž˜์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์ง„๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:51
New inventions are the passion of my life.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ˜์‹ ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ถ์˜ ์—ด์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:57
My technology.
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"๋‚˜์˜ ํ…Œํฌ๋†€๋กœ์ง€!"
17:00
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
17:06
AG: Saidulluh Sahib is
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AG: ์‚ฌ์ด๋‘˜๋ฃจ์‚ฌํž™์€ ๋ชจํ‹ฐํ•˜๋ฆฌ,
17:08
in Motihari, again in Champaran.
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์•„๋‹ˆ ์ƒดํŒŒ๋ž€์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:10
Wonderful human being,
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๋ถ„์ด์ง€๋งŒ
17:13
but he stills sells, at this age,
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ณ ๋ น์˜ ๋‚˜์ด์— ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๊ณ 
17:16
honey on a cycle to earn his livelihood,
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์ƒ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฟ€์„ ํŒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:18
because we haven't been able to convince the water park people,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„์ง๋„ ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์ˆ˜์ƒ๊ณต์›, ํ˜ธ์ˆ˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋‹ด๋‹น์ž๋“ค์„
17:21
the lake people, in [unclear] operations.
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์„ค๋“์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
17:24
And we have not been able to convince the fire brigade people
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ช‡๋…„์ „ ํ™์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฌ๋˜ ๋ญ„๋ฐ”์ด์˜ ์†Œ๋ฐฉ๊ด€๋“ค์„
17:26
in Mumbai -- where there was a flood a few years ago
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์„ค๋“ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:28
and people had to walk 20 kilometers, wading in the water --
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ฌผ์†์„ ํ—ค์น˜๊ณ  20km๋ฅผ ๊ฑธ์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:31
that, look, you should have this cycle in your fire brigade office
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์ž ๊น๋งŒ์š”, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์†Œ๋ฐฉ์„œ์— ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋น„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:33
because you can then go to those lanes
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์•ผ ๋ฒ„์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ธธ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตํ†ต์ด
17:35
where your buses will not go, where your transport will not go.
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์—†๋Š” ๊ธธ์„ ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”
17:38
So we have not yet cracked the problem
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„์ง ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ
17:40
of making it available as a rescue device,
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์ธ๋„ ๋™๋ถ€์ง€์—ญ์— ํ™์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฌ์„ ๋•Œ,
17:43
as a vending device during the floods in eastern India,
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๊ณ ๋ฆฝ๋˜์–ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์— ์žˆ๋Š”
17:45
when you have to deliver things to people
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์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
17:47
in different islands
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๋ฌผ์ž๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ธ‰ํ•ด์•ผ ๋•Œ
17:49
where they're marooned.
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์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:51
But the idea has a merit. The idea has a merit.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์—๋Š” ์žฅ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:54
What has Appachan done? Appachan, unfortunately, is no more,
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์•„ํŒŒ์ฐฌ์ด ์–ด๋–ค ์—…์ ์„ ๋‚จ๊ฒผ์„๊นŒ์š”? ์•„ํŒŒ์ฐฌ์€ ์•ˆํƒ€๊น๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋”์ด์ƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
17:57
but he has left behind a message.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‚จ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
17:59
A very powerful message
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์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๋ฉ”์„ธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‚จ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:04
Appachan: I watch the world wake up every day.
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์•„ํŒŒ์ฐฌ: ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๊นจ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งค์ผ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:07
(Music)
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(์Œ์•…)
18:22
It's not that a coconut fell on my head,
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์ฝ”์ฝ”๋„›์ด ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ์„œ
18:24
and I came upon this idea.
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์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅธ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:31
With no money to fund my studies,
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด
18:34
I scaled new heights.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:38
Now, they call me the local Spiderman.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์‚ฌ ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ €๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์„์˜ ์ŠคํŒŒ์ด๋” ๋งจ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:50
My technology.
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'๋‚˜์˜ ํ…Œํฌ๋†€๋กœ์ง€!'
18:52
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
18:55
AG: Many of you
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AG: ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ค‘ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜๋Š”
18:57
might not realize and believe
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G2G๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์ œํ’ˆ์ด
19:00
that we have sold this product internationally --
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ฐ๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ
19:02
what I call a G2G model,
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋งค๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ 
19:04
grassroots to global.
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๋ฏฟ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ์ˆ˜ ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:06
And a professor in the University of Massachusetts,
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๋ฉ”์‚ฌ์ถ”์„ธ์Šค ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๋™๋ฌผํ•™๊ณผ์˜ ํ•œ ๊ต์ˆ˜๋Š”
19:08
in the zoology department,
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์ด ํด๋ผ์ด๋จธ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ž…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:10
bought this climber because she wanted
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‚˜๋ฌด ๊ผญ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์—
19:13
to study the insect diversity
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์„œ์‹ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณค์ถฉ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ
19:15
of the top of the tree canopy.
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์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:18
And this device makes it possible
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์ด ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ทธ ๊ต์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋ช‡๊ทธ๋ฃจ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
19:20
for her to take samples from a larger number of palms,
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๋งŽ์€ ์•ผ์ž๋‚˜๋ฌด์—์„œ ์ƒ˜ํ”Œ์„
19:22
rather than only a few,
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์ฑ„์ทจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:24
because otherwise she had to make a big platform
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๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋”๋ผ๋ฉด ํฐ ๋ฒฝ๋Œ๋กœ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
19:26
and then climb her [unclear] would climb on that.
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์กฐ๊ต๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ๊ธธ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:28
So, you know, we are advancing the frontiers of science.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณผํ•™์„ ํ•œ์ธต๋” ๋ฐœ์ „ ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:30
Remya Jose has developed ...
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๋ ˜์•ผ ํ˜ธ์„ธ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
19:32
you can go to the YouTube and find India Innovates
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์œ ํŠœ์— ๊ฐ€์‹œ๋ฉด '์ธ๋„์˜ ํ˜์‹ ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค'๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
19:34
and then you will find these videos.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋“ค์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:36
Innovation by her when she was in class 10th:
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ณ 1๋•Œ ์ด ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ’ˆ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”
19:38
a washing machine-cum-exercising machine.
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์‹๊ธฐ์„ธ์ฒ™๊ธฐ ๊ฒธ ์šด๋™๊ธฐ๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:40
Mr. Kharai who is a physically challenged person,
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์‹ ์ฒด์žฅ์• ์ธ์ธ ์นด๋ผ์ด๋Š”
19:43
one and a half foot height, only.
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ํ‚ค๊ฐ€ 43์„ผํ‹ฐ ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋ฐ–์— ์•ˆ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:45
But he has modified a two-wheeler so that he can get autonomy
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ํœ ์ฒด์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์กฐํ•ด์„œ ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ
19:48
and freedom and flexibility.
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์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ณ  ์œ ์—ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์›€์ง์ด๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:51
This innovation is from the slums of Rio.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฆฌ์˜ค์˜ ์Šฌ๋Ÿผ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๋ช…๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:54
And this person, Mr. Ubirajara.
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์ด ๋‚จ์„ฑ์€ ์šฐ๋น„๋ผ์ž๋ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:56
We were talking about, my friends in Brazil,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ์ธ ์ œ์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜
19:58
how we scale up this model in China and Brazil.
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์ด ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ’ˆ์„ ์ค‘๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์‚ฐ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€ ์–˜๊ธฐ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:00
And we have a very vibrant network in China, particularly,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํŠนํžˆ ์ค‘๊ตญ์—์„œ ์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
20:03
but also emerging in Brazil and other parts of the world.
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๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•ด ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:06
This stand on the front wheel, you will not find on any cycle.
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์ด๊ฑด ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ ์•ž๋ฐ”ํ€ด์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑด๋ฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ์—๋Š” ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:09
India and China have the largest number of cycles.
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์ธ๋„์™€ ์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ํƒ€๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:11
But this innovation emerged in Brazil.
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์ด ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ’ˆ์€ ๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์ง„๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:14
The point is, none of us should be parochial,
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์š”์ ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์–ด๋Š๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋„ ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์— ๊ตญํ•œ๋˜์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ๋˜๋ฉฐ
20:17
none of us should be so nationalistic to believe
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๋˜ ์–ด๋Š ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋„ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ตญ์ˆ˜์ ์ด ๋˜์–ด
20:19
that all good ideas will come only from our country.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ข‹์€ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:21
No, we have to have the humility to learn
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๋Œ€์‹  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณณ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ง€์‹์„
20:24
from knowledge of economically poor people, wherever they are.
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๊ฒธ์†ํ•œ ๋งˆ์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์›Œ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:27
And look at this whole range of cycle-based innovations:
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ’ˆ๋“ค์„ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
20:30
cycle that's a sprayer, cycle that
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์ด๊ฑด ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ ์Šคํ”„๋ ˆ์ด์–ด๊ตฌ์š” ๋˜ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€
20:32
generates energy from the shocks on the road.
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๋˜ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋„๋กœ์˜ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์—์„œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:34
I can't change the condition of the road,
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์ €๋Š” ๋„๋กœ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:35
but I can make the cycle run faster.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋” ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:37
That is what Kanak Das has done.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์นด๋‚™์นด์Šค ๋•๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:39
And in South Africa,
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๋‚จ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋กœ
20:41
we had taken our innovators,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ ๋ฐœ๋ช…๊ฐ€๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์„œ
20:43
and many of us had gone there share with the colleagues in South Africa
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐœ๋ช…๊ฐ€๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜
20:46
as to how innovation can become
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ ๋œ ์ผ์—์„œ
20:48
a means of liberation
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ํ•ด๋ฐฉ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
20:50
from the drudgery that people have.
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์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:52
And this is a donkey cart which they modified.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐœ๋ช…๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ๊ฐœ์กฐํ•œ ๋‹น๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์ˆ˜๋ ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:54
There's an axle here, of 30, 40 kg,
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30kg, 40kg์˜ ์ž์ถ•์ด
20:56
serving no purpose.
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์•„๋ฌด ์“ธ๋ชจ์—†์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ ค ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:58
Remove it, the cart needs one donkey less.
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๋–ผ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋‹น๋‚˜๊ท€ ํ•œ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:01
This is in China. This girl needed a breathing apparatus.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
21:04
These three people in the village
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์ด ์„ธ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋งˆ์„์— ๋ชจ์—ฌ ์•‰์•„
21:06
sat down and decided to think,
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋งˆ์„์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ด ์†Œ๋…€์˜
21:08
"How do we elongate the life of this girl of our village?"
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์ƒ๋ช…์„ ๋” ์—ฐ์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ ์‹ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:10
They were not related to her, but they tried to find out,
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๊ทธ ์†Œ๋…€์™€ ์นœ๋ถ„์€ ์—†์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ์•„ ๋„์™€์ฃผ๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.ยพ
21:12
"How can we use ... "
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์„ธํƒ๊ธฐ ํŒŒ์ดํ”„,
21:15
They used a cycle, they put together a breathing apparatus.
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์ž์ „๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์กฐํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜ธํก์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:18
And this breathing apparatus now saved the life,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ํ˜ธํก์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์†Œ๋…€์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ๊ตฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:20
and she's very welcome.
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์†Œ๋…€๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ด ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:22
There's a whole range of innovations that we have.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚œ ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ’ˆ์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋Œ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:24
A car, which runs on compressed air
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์••์ถ•๊ณต๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ฐจ์ธ๋ฐ์š”
21:27
with six paisa per kilometer.
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1ํ‚ฌ๋กœ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ์ฃผํ–‰์— 6ํŒŒ์ด์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:29
Assam, Kanak Gogoi.
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์•„์‚ผ, ์นด๋…น ๊ณ ๊ณ ์ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:31
And you would not find this car in U.S. or Europe,
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์ด ์ฐจ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—๋Š” ์—†์ง€๋งŒ
21:33
but this is available in India.
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์ธ๋„์—๋Š” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:35
Now, this lady, she used to do the winding of the yarn
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด์—ฌ์„ฑ์€ ํฌ์ฐธํŒ”๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
21:38
for Pochampally Saree.
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์‹ค์„ ๊ฐ์•˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:40
In one day, 18,000 times,
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๋‘๊ฐœ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
21:42
she had to do this winding
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ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ 18000๋ฒˆ์ด๋‚˜
21:44
to generate two sarees.
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์‹ค์„ ๊ฐ์•„์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:46
This is what her son has done after seven years of struggle.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด 7๋…„๋™์•ˆ ์‹คํŒจ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋“ญํ•œ ๋์— ์ด ์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์•„๋“ค์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ธ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:49
She said, "Change your profession."
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์•„๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ '์ง์—…์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋– ๋‹ˆ?'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:51
He said, "I can't. This is the only thing I know, but I'll invent a machine,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์•„๋“ค์€ '๋ชปํ•ด์š”. ์ด๊ฒŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ์ผ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
21:53
which will solve your problem."
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์ „ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๋ช…ํ•ด ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๋œ์–ด๋“œ๋ฆด ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:55
And this is what he did, a sewing machine in Uttar Pradesh.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐํƒ€ ํ”„๋ผ๋ฐ์‰ฌ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“  ๋ฐฉ์ ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:57
So, this is what SRISTI is saying:
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์Šค๋ฆฌ์Šคํ‹ฐ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:59
"Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world."
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'์ œ๊ฐ€ ์„ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์„ ์ฃผ์‹ ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์›€์ง์ผ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.'
22:02
I will just tell you that we are also doing a competition among children
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—๋„ ์ฐฝ์กฐ์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด
22:05
for creativity, a whole range of things.
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๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:08
We have sold things all over the world,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ดํ‹ฐ์˜คํ”ผ์•„, ํ„ฐํ‚ค์—์„œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ, ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ณณ๊ณณ์—
22:10
from Ethiopia to Turkey to U.S. to wherever.
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์ƒํ’ˆ์„ ํŒ๋งคํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:13
Products have gone to the market, a few.
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์ƒํ’ˆ์€ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ๋งŒ ํŒ๋งค๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:15
These are the people whose knowledge made
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์Šต์ง„์—ฐ๊ณ ์—์„œ ์ด ์–ด๋ฐ”๋ฒ ์ดํŠธ ํฌ๋ฆผ์„
22:17
this Herbavate cream for eczema possible.
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๋งŒ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋ถ„๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:19
And here, a company which licensed this herbal pesticide
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์ด ์‹๋ฌผ์„ฑ๋ถ„ ์‚ด์ถฉ์ œ์˜ ๋ผ์ด์„ผ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒํ’ˆ ํฌ์žฅ์— ์ด๊ฒƒ์„
22:21
put a photograph of the innovator on the packing
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๋งŒ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋ถ™์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:23
so that every time a user uses it,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋งค๋ฒˆ
22:25
it asks the user, "You can also be an innovator.
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด์„œ ์ž์‹ ๋„ ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ ๋ฐœ๋ช…๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๊ฐ์„ ์–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:27
If you have an idea, send it back to us."
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์ข‹์€ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณด๋‚ด์ฃผ์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
22:30
So, creativity counts, knowledge matters,
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์ฐฝ์กฐ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ์ง€์‹์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
22:33
innovations transform, incentives inspire.
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ํ˜์‹ ์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๊ณ  ์ธ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ๊ฐ€ ์˜๊ฐ์„ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:36
And incentives: not just material, but also non-material incentives.
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๋ฌผ์งˆ์ ์ธ ์ธ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ์™ธ์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ธ์„ผํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:39
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
22:41
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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