How I use Minecraft to help kids with autism | Stuart Duncan

Translator: Ivan Rafaj Reviewer: Tamara Wells

My name is Stuart Duncan,

Volám sa Stuart Duncan,

but I'm actually probably better known online as "AutismFather."

ale pravdepodobne som známejší online

pod prezývkou AutismFather.

That's me on the internet.

To je moje internetové ja.

I know the resemblance is uncanny.

Viem, podobnosť je neprehliadnuteľná.

(Laughter)

(smiech)

But I'm going to talk a little bit today about Minecraft.

Dnes vám porozprávam o hre Minecraft.

That's my Minecraft character.

To je moja postava v nej.

If you don't know the game very well, don't worry too much about it.

Ak hru nepoznáte, nevadí.

Je to len prostriedok na dosiahnutie cieľa.

It's just the medium that I used at the time to fill a need.

And what I want to talk about applies to pretty much every situation.

Chcem hovoriť o niečom, čo platí takmer pre všetky situácie.

So about four years ago, I started a Minecraft server

Asi pred štyrmi rokmi som založil server na Minecrafte

for children with autism and their families,

pre deti s autizmom a ich príbuzných,

and I called it "Autcraft."

ktorý som nazval Autcraft.

And since then, we've been in the news all around the world,

Odvtedy sme boli v správach po celom svete,

on television and radio and magazines.

v televízii, rádiu a časopisoch.

Buzzfeed called us "one of the best places on the internet."

Buzzfeed nás označil za jedno z najlepších miest na internete.

We're also the subject of an award-winning research paper called

Napísali o nás aj v ocenenej štúdii s názvom:

"Appropriating Minecraft as an Assistive Technology for Youth with Autism."

„Využitie hry Minecraft ako pomocnej technológie pre mladistvých s autizmom.“

It's a bit of a mouthful.

Trochu dlhý názov.

But you get the idea, I think.

Význam je však, myslím, jasný.

So I want to talk a little bit about that research paper

Budem chvíľu hovoriť o tejto štúdii

and what it's about,

a jej predmete,

but first I have to give you a little bit of history

ale najprv chcem v skratke zhrnúť históriu

servera a jeho vzniku.

on how the server came to be.

Back in 2013, everybody was playing Minecraft,

V roku 2013 všetci hrali Minecraft,

kids and adults alike,

deti aj rodičia,

with and without autism, of course.

ľudia s autizmom aj bez neho.

But it was the big thing.

Bol to veľký hit.

But I saw parents on social media reaching out to other parents,

Na sociálnych sieťach sa rodičia pýtali iných,

asking if their autistic children could play together.

či by sa ich autistické deti nemohli hrať spolu.

And the reason is that when they tried to play on public servers,

Nemohli sa hrať na verejných serveroch,

they kept running into bullies and trolls.

lebo stále narážali na šikanu a trolov.

When you have autism, you behave a little differently sometimes,

Keď máte autizmus, niekedy sa správate trošku inakšie,

sometimes a lot differently.

občas výrazne inakšie.

And we all know a little bit of difference is all you really need

A vieme, že niekedy stačí byť len trochu iný,

for a bully to make you their next target.

aby ste sa stali terčom šikany.

So these terrible, terrible people online,

Títo zákerní ľudia na nete

they would destroy everything that they tried to make,

ničili deťom všetko, čo sa pokúsili postaviť,

they would steal all their stuff,

kradli im všetky veci

and they would kill them over and over again,

a zakaždým ich zabíjali,

čím sa hra stala doslova nehrateľnou.

making the game virtually unplayable.

But the worst part, the part that really hurt the most,

Najhoršou vecou, ktorá zabolela najviac,

was what these bullies would say to these kids.

bolo však to, čo im títo násilníci hovorili.

They'd call them rejects

Mali ich za menejcenných,

and defects

nazývali ich vadnými

and retards.

a retardmi.

And they would tell these kids, some as young as six years old,

Týmto deťom, niektorým iba 6-ročným,

that society doesn't want them,

hovorili, že spoločnosť ich nechce

and their own parents never wanted a broken child,

a ich rodičia nikdy nechceli narušené dieťa,

so they should just kill themselves.

preto by sa mali rovno zabiť.

And of course, these kids, you understand,

Samozrejme, tieto deti

they would sign off from these servers angry and hurt.

sa zo serverov odhlásili nahnevané a zranené.

They would break their keyboards, they'd quite literally hate themselves,

Rozbíjali klávesnice, doslova sa nenávideli

and their parents felt powerless to do anything.

a ich rodičia nemohli nič urobiť.

So I decided I had to try and help.

Preto som sa rozhodol, že im pomôžem.

I have autism,

Mám autizmus,

my oldest son has autism,

má ho aj môj najstarší syn

and both my kids and I love Minecraft,

a obe moje deti hrajú a milujú Minecraft,

so I have to do something.

preto som s tým niečo musel urobiť.

So I got myself a Minecraft server,

Tak som vytvoril vlastný server,

and I spent some time, built a little village with some roads

strávil trocha času stavbou malého mestečka s cestami,

and a big welcome sign and this guy and a lodge up on a mountaintop,

veľkého nápisu Vitajte a jednej postavy s chatkou na kopci,

and tried to make it inviting.

aby to všetko vyzeralo prívetivo.

The idea was pretty simple.

Cieľ bol jasný.

I had a white list, so only people that I approved could join,

Mal som zoznam hráčov, pripojiť sa mohli len ľudia z neho.

and I would just monitor the server as much as I could,

Pozorne som dozeral na server,

aby som sa uistil, že všetko je tak, ako má byť.

just to make sure that nothing went wrong.

And that was it, that was the whole promise: to keep the kids safe

To je celé, šlo o to, aby boli deti v bezpečí

a mohli sa hrať.

so they could play.

Keď som to dokončil, tak som priateľom na Facebooku

When it was done, I went to Facebook

and posted a pretty simple message to my friends list, not publicly.

napísal súkromnú správu.

I wanted to see if there was any interest in this,

Chcel som vedieť, či o server bude záujem

and if it really could help.

a či to pomôže.

Ukázalo sa, že potrebu niečoho takého som naozaj podcenil,

Turns out that I greatly underestimated just how much this was needed,

because within 48 hours, I got 750 emails.

lebo za 48 hodín som dostal 750 e-mailov.

I don't have that many Facebook friends.

Na Facebooku toľko priateľov nemám.

(Laughter)

(smiech)

Within eight days, I had to upgrade the hosting package eight times,

Za 8 dní som musel hostiteľský balík 8-krát inovovať,

from the bottom package to the most expensive package they had,

od najlacnejšieho po najdrahší možný.

and now, almost four years later,

Teraz, takmer po 4 rokoch,

I have 8,000 names on the white list from all around the world.

mám na zozname 8 000 mien z celého sveta.

But the reason I'm up here today to talk to you

Dnes však nechcem hovoriť len o tom,

že som deťom poskytol bezpečné miesto na hranie.

isn't just because I gave kids a safe place to play.

It's what happened while they played.

Ale aj o tom, čo sa dialo počas hrania.

I started hearing from parents

Rodičia mi hlásili,

že ich deti sa cez hru učia čítať a písať.

who said their children were learning to read and write

by playing on the server.

Najprv slová hláskovali podľa zvuku, ako väčšina detí,

At first they spelled things by sound, like most kids do,

but because they were part of a community,

ale keďže boli členmi komunity,

they saw other people spelling the same words properly

počuli, ako iné deti správne hláskujú tie isté slová

a naučili sa to od nich.

and just picked it up.

I started hearing from parents who said that their nonverbal children

Rodičia nerozprávajúcich detí mi povedali,

že začínajú rozprávať.

were starting to speak.

They only talked about Minecraft, but they were talking.

Hovorili síce iba o Minecrafte, ale aspoň hovorili.

(Laughter)

(smiech)

Niektoré deti si našli úplne prvých priateľov.

Some kids made friends at school for the first time ever.

Some started to share, even give things to other people.

Niektoré sa začali o veci deliť, dokonca obdarúvali iných.

It was amazing.

Bolo to úžasné.

And every single parent came to me and said it was because of Autcraft,

Každý rodič tvrdil, že je to vďaka Autcraftu,

vďaka tomu, čo robím.

because of what you're doing.

Ale ako je to možné?

But why, though?

How could all of this be just from a video game server?

Ako to všetko mohol spôsobiť obyčajný herný server?

Well, it goes back to that research paper I was talking about.

Nadväzuje to na spomínanú štúdiu.

In it, she covers some of the guidelines I used when I created the server,

Sú v nej uvedené niektoré pravidlá použité pri tvorbe servera.

guidelines that I think help encourage people to be their very best.

Také, o ktorých si myslím, že podnecujú v ľuďoch to najlepšie.

I hope.

Dúfam.

For example, communication.

Napríklad komunikácia.

Tá môže byť pre deti s autizmom náročná.

It can be tough for kids with autism.

It could be tough for grown-ups without autism.

Rovnako aj pre dospelých bez autizmu.

Nemyslím si, že deti by sa mali trestať,

But I think that kids should not be punished,

they should be talked to.

mali by sme sa s nimi rozprávať.

Nine times out of ten, when the kids on the server act out,

V 9 z 10 prípadov, keď dieťa v hre niečo vyvedie,

it's because of something that's happened in the day at school or home.

je dôvodom niečo, k čomu došlo v škole alebo doma.

Maybe a pet died.

Možno umrelo zvieratko.

Niekedy je to iba obyčajné nedorozumenie.

Sometimes it's just a miscommunication between two kids.

One doesn't say what they're about to do.

Hráči sa vopred neupozornia, čo chcú spraviť.

And so we just offer to help.

Preto ponúkneme pomoc.

We always tell the children on the server that we're not mad,

Vždy deťom pripomíname, že sa nehneváme

and they're not in trouble;

a že ich nečaká trest,

we only want to help.

len im chceme pomôcť.

And it shows that not only do we care,

Prejavuje to nielen starostlivosť,

but we respect them enough to listen to their point of view.

ale aj to, že rešpektujeme ich uhol pohľadu.

Respect goes a long way.

Rešpektom dosiahnete veľa.

Plus, it shows them that they have everything they need

Navyše tak pociťujú, že majú všetko potrebné

to be able to resolve these problems on their own in the future

na vyriešenie problémov svojpomocne,

and maybe even avoid them, because, you know, communication.

alebo sa im dokonca môžu vyhnúť – znova tá komunikácia.

On most servers, as video games are,

Na väčšine herných serverov

children are rewarded, well, players are rewarded,

sú deti, teda hráči, ocenení za to,

for how well they do in a competition, right?

ako sa im darí v bodoch, nie je tak?

The better you do, the better reward you get.

Čím lepší ste, tým lepšia odmena.

That can be automated; the server does the work, the code is there.

Dá sa to automatizovať, server to vypočíta, je na to kód.

On Autcraft, we don't do that.

Na Autcrafte to nerobíme.

We have things like "Player of the Week" and "CBAs,"

Máme Hráča týždňa a UZV,

which is "Caught Being Awesome."

čo je skratka pre Usvedčený z veľkoleposti.

(Laughter)

(smiech)

We award players ranks on the servers based on the attributes they exhibit,

Hráčom na serveroch udeľujeme hodnosť podľa vlastností,

such as the "Buddy" rank for people who are friendly towards others,

napríklad „Kamoš“ pre ľudí, ktorí sú priateľskí k ostatným,

and "Junior Helper" for people that are helpful towards others.

alebo „Pomocník junior“ pre tých, ktorí sú nápomocní.

We have "Senior Helper" for the adults.

Pre dospelých máme „Pomocník senior“.

But they're obvious, right?

Je to jasné, však?

Like, people know what to expect and how to earn these things

Ľudia vedia, čo môžu očakávať a ako si tieto veci zaslúžiť,

because of how they're named.

lebo je to v názve.

As soon as somebody signs onto the server,

Hneď po prihlásení sa na server vedia,

they know that they're going to be rewarded for who they are

že budú odmenení za to, kým sú,

and not what they can do.

a nie za to, čo dokážu.

Najvyššou cenou je meč AutismFather,

Our top award, the AutismFather Sword,

which is named after me because I'm the founder,

pomenovaný po mne, keďže som zakladateľ.

is a very powerful sword that you can't get in the game any other way

Je to veľmi silný meč, ktorý nezískate nijak inak,

than to show that you completely put the community above yourself,

len tak, že prvou pre vás bude komunita a až potom vy sami

and that compassion and kindness is at the core of who you are.

a súcit a vľúdnosť sú vašimi základnými vlastnosťami.

We've given away quite a few of those swords, actually.

Týchto mečov sme udelili pomerne dosť.

I figure, if we're watching the server to make sure nothing bad happens,

Keď už na server dohliadame pre problémy,

we should also watch for the good things that happen and reward people for them.

prečo rovno aj ľudí neoceniť aj za dobré skutky.

We're always trying to show all the players

Vždy sa všetkým hráčom snažíme dať najavo,

that everybody is considered to be equal, even me.

že všetci sú si rovní, dokonca aj so mnou.

But we know we can't treat people equally to do that.

Nejde to však s úplne všetkými.

Some of the players get angry very easily.

Niektorí hráči sa nahnevajú veľmi ľahko.

Some of them have additional struggles on top of autism,

Niektorí majú okrem autizmu aj ďalšie problémy,

napríklad OCD alebo Tourettov syndróm.

such as OCD or Tourette's.

So, I have this knack of remembering all of the players.

Mám talent, že si pamätám všetkých hráčov.

I remember their first day, the conversations we've had,

Pamätám si ich prvý deň, naše prvé rozhovory,

things we've talked about, things they've built.

o čom sme sa bavili, čo sme postavili.

So when somebody comes to me with a problem,

Keď za mnou niekto príde s problémom,

I handle that situation differently than I would with any other player,

pristupujem k nemu inak ako k ostatným,

podľa toho, čo o ňom viem.

based on what I know about them.

For the other admins and helpers, we document everything

Pre ďalších adminov a pomocníkov máme dokument,

so that, whether it's good or bad or a concerning conversation,

aby o každom vedeli dobré aj zlé,

it's there, so everybody is aware.

ak by bolo treba.

I want to give you one example of this one player.

Ako príklad spomeniem jedného hráča.

He was with us for a little while,

Je s nami už nejakú tú chvíľu,

but at some point he started spamming dashes in the chat,

ale zrazu začal v čete spamovať pomlčky,

like a big long line of dashes all the way across the screen.

veľmi dlhý riadok pomlčiek naprieč celou obrazovkou.

A little while later, he'd do it again.

Po chvíli to urobil znova.

The other players asked him not to do that, and he'd say, "OK."

Ostatní ho požiadali, aby s tým prestal. Povedal: „Ok.“

A urobil to zas.

And then he'd do it again.

It started to frustrate the other players.

Ostatní hráči z toho boli frustrovaní.

They asked me to mute him or to punish him for breaking the rules,

Požiadali ma, aby som ho stlmil alebo potrestal,

but I knew there had to be something more to it.

no vedel som, že za tým niečo musí byť.

So I went to his aunt, who is the contact that I have for him.

Obrátil som sa na jeho tetu, ktorú mám ako kontakt.

She explained that he had gone blind in one eye

Vysvetlila mi, že oslepol na jedno oko

and was losing his vision in the other.

a strácal zrak aj v druhom.

So what he was doing was splitting up the chat

Pomlčkami si rozdeľoval čet na prehľadnejšie bloky textu,

into easier-to-see blocks of text,

which is pretty smart.

čo je celkom šikovné.

So that very same night, I talked to a friend of mine who writes code

V ten istý večer som sa bavil s priateľom kóderom

and we created a brand-new plug-in for the server

a vytvorili sme nový doplnok pre server,

that makes it so that any player on the server,

vďaka ktorému môžu všetci hráči,

including him, of course,

samozrejme aj on,

could just enter a command and instantly have every single line

zadať príkaz a okamžite si každý riadok

separated by dashes.

oddeliť pomlčkami.

Plus, they can make it asterisks or blank lines

Môžu si to zmeniť na hviezdičky, prázdne riadky

or anything they want -- whatever works best for them.

alebo čokoľvek iné, čo je pre nich najlepšie.

We even went a little bit extra and made it so it highlights your name,

Zašli sme aj ďalej a zvýraznili vaše meno,

so that it's easier to see if somebody mentions you.

aby to bolo prehľadnejšie, keď vás niekto spomenie.

It's just one example of how doing a little bit extra,

Je to len malý príklad toho, ako drobnosť,

a small modification,

drobná úprava

still helps everybody be on equal footing,

pomôže každému, aby si boli rovní,

even though you did a little extra just for that one player.

aj keď sme to vlastne urobili iba pre toho jedného hráča.

The big one is to be not afraid.

Hlavné je nebáť sa.

The children on my server are not afraid.

Deti na mojom serveri strach nemajú.

They are free to just be themselves,

Môžu byť samy sebou,

and it's because we support and encourage and celebrate each other.

lebo ich podporujeme a povzbudzujeme.

We all know what it feels like to be the outcast

Všetci vieme, aké je to byť vyvrheľom

and to be hated simply for existing,

a byť nenávideným len preto, že ste.

and so when we're together on the server, we're not afraid anymore.

Na serveri sme spolu a už nemáme strach.

For the first two years or so on the server,

Asi prvé dva roky som sa na serveri rozprával

I talked to two children per week on average that were suicidal.

priemerne s 2 deťmi týždenne, ktoré pomýšľali na samovraždu.

But they came to me because I'm the one that made them feel safe.

No prišli za mnou, pretože vďaka mne sa cítili bezpečne.

They felt like I was the only person in the world they could talk to.

Mali pocit, že som jediný, s kým sa môžu porozprávať.

So I guess my message is:

Moja rada teda znie:

whether you have a charity or some other organization,

či už máte charitu, alebo inú organizáciu,

or you're a teacher or a therapist

ste učiteľom alebo terapeutom, rodičom

or you're a parent who is just doing your very best,

alebo sa len snažíte robiť, čo môžete,

or you're an autistic, like I am,

či už máte autizmus ako ja,

no matter who you are,

je jedno, kto ste,

you absolutely must help these children strip away those fears

v každom prípade musíte tieto deti zbaviť strachu skôr,

než urobíte čokoľvek iné,

before you do anything else,

because anything else is going to feel forced

lebo všetko ostatné bude nasilu,

unless they're not afraid.

kým budú mať stále strach.

It's why positive reinforcement will always do better

Preto je pozitívne povzbudenie vždy lepšie

than any form of punishment.

ako akýkoľvek druh trestu.

They want to learn when they feel safe and happy.

Chcú sa učiť vtedy, keď sú šťastné a cítia sa bezpečne.

It just happens naturally; they don't even try to learn.

Deje sa to prirodzene, ani sa nesnažia.

These are words from the kids on the server to describe the server.

Takýmito slovami deti opísali server: [bezpečie – priatelia – pomoc – ďakujem…]

The one thing I would hope that you could take away

Chcel by som, aby ste mysleli na to,

is that no matter what somebody else is going through in life right now,

že bez ohľadu na to, čím si človek práve prechádza,

whether they're being bullied at school or at home,

či je šikanovaný v škole alebo doma,

if they're questioning their sexuality or even their gender,

pochybuje o svojej sexualite alebo dokonca pohlaví,

which happens a lot in the autism community,

čo sa deje v autistickej komunite často,

cíti sa osamelo alebo myslí na samovraždu,

if they're feeling alone or even suicidal,

you have to live your life in such a way

viete mu pomôcť tak,

that that person feels like they can come to and tell you.

aby mal pocit, že sa vám môže zdôveriť.

They have to feel perfectly safe in talking to you about it.

Musí sa cítiť maximálne bezpečne, aby sa o tom s vami rozprával.

If you want to see a group of autistic children --

Ak chcete vidieť skupinu autistických detí –

kids who society wrongly thinks are supposed to be antisocial

detí, ktoré spoločnosť nesprávne považuje za nespoločenské

and lacking in empathy --

a bez empatie –

if you want to see them come together and build the most compassionate

ak ich chcete vidieť, ako sa stretávajú

a budujú najprívetivejšiu a najštedrejšiu komunitu na svete,

and friendly and generous community you've ever seen,

miesto, o ktorom píšu

the kind of place that people would write about

ako o jednom z najlepších na internete,

as one of the best places on the internet,

they'll do that.

nájdete ich práve tu.

I've seen it.

Videl som to.

I'm there every day.

Som tam každý deň.

But they have some huge obstacles that they have to overcome to do that,

No majú pred sebou veľké prekážky.

and it would be really helpful to have somebody there

Keby tam však bol niekto, kto by im ukázal,

who could help to show them that the only thing they really have to fear

že jediná vec, ktorej by sa mali báť,

je pochybovanie o sebe samom, veľmi by im o pomohlo.

is self-doubt.

So I guess I'm asking you to please be that person for them,

Preto vás chcem požiadať, aby ste tou osobu boli vy,

because to them,

pretože pre ne,

those kids --

pre tieto deti,

it means everything.

to znamená všetko.

Thank you very much.

Veľmi pekne ďakujem.

(Applause)

(potlesk)