Ron McCallum: How technology allowed me to read

78,649 views ใƒป 2013-09-11

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Catherine YOO ๊ฒ€ํ† : WooHyang Seo
00:12
When I was about three or four years old,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์„œ๋„ˆ์‚ด ์ฏค์ด์—ˆ์„๋•Œ, ์ €ํฌ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ์ €์™€
00:17
I remember my mum reading a story to me
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๋‘ ํ˜•๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ์–ด์ฃผ์‹œ๋˜ ๊ธฐ์–ต์ด ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:20
and my two big brothers,
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ฑ…์— ์†์„ ์–น๊ณ  ์ฑ…์žฅ์˜ ๊ฐ์ด‰์„
00:23
and I remember putting up my hands
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00:25
to feel the page of the book,
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๋Š๊ปด๋ณด๋ ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:27
to feel the picture they were discussing.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์žฅ๋ฉด์ด
ํŽผ์ณ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๋ ค๊ณ ์š”.
00:31
And my mum said, "Darling,
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์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
"์–˜์•ผ, ๋„Œ ์•ž์ด ์•ˆ ๋ณด์ด์ž–๋‹ˆ,
00:33
remember that you can't see
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๊ทธ๋ฆผ์€ ๊ฐ์ด‰์œผ๋กœ ๋Š๊ปด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•„.
00:36
and you can't feel the picture
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์ฑ… ์†์˜ ์žฅ๋ฉด๋„ ์†์œผ๋กœ ๋Š๋‚„ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†๋‹จ๋‹ค."
00:39
and you can't feel the print on the page."
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00:42
And I thought to myself,
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์ €๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:44
"But that's what I want to do.
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"ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์ผ์ธ๊ฑธ์š”.
00:46
I love stories. I want to read."
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์ €๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ฝ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์š”."
๊ทธ ๋•Œ๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ๊ฟˆ์„ ์‹คํ˜„์‹œํ‚ฌ
00:50
Little did I know
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00:52
that I would be part of a technological revolution
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๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ˜๋ช…์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฆฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฐ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:55
that would make that dream come true.
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00:58
I was born premature by about 10 weeks,
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์ €๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ •๋ณด๋‹ค 10์ฃผ ์ •๋„ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋ฏธ์ˆ™์•„๋กœ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜
01:02
which resulted in my blindness, some 64 years ago.
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64๋…„ ์ „, ์‹œ๊ฐ์žฅ์• ์ธ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:06
The condition is known as retrolental fibroplasia,
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ํ›„์ฒœ์„ฑ ์ˆ˜์ •์ฒด ์„ฌ์œ  ์ฆ์‹์ฆ์ด๋ž€ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๋ฐ,
01:09
and it's now very rare in the developed world.
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์„ ์ง„๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ํฌ๊ท€ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:13
Little did I know, lying curled up
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1948๋…„ ๋ฏธ์ˆ™์•„๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ธํ๋ฒ ์ดํ„ฐ์— ๋ˆ„์›Œ ์žˆ๋˜ ๊ทธ ๋•Œ,
01:16
in my prim baby humidicrib in 1948
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์ €๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์—
01:21
that I'd been born at the right place
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01:24
and the right time,
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์•Œ๋งž์€ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
01:26
that I was in a country where I could participate
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๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ํ˜๋ช…์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ํ˜„์žฅ์—
01:30
in the technological revolution.
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์ง์ ‘ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฆฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชฐ๋ž์ง€์š”.
01:33
There are 37 million totally blind people on our planet,
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์ง€๊ตฌ์—๋Š” 37๋งŒ ๋ช…์˜ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์‹œ๊ฐ์„ ์ƒ์‹คํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
01:38
but those of us who've shared in the technological changes
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๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฐœ์ „์˜ ํ˜œํƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„
01:42
mainly come from North America, Europe,
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๋ถ๋ฏธ๋‚˜ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ, ์ผ๋ณธ ๊ฐ™์€ ์„ ์ง„๊ตญ์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:45
Japan and other developed parts of the world.
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ณผ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ถ์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ” ๋†“์•˜์ง€๋งŒ
01:49
Computers have changed the lives of us all in this room
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01:52
and around the world,
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01:53
but I think they've changed the lives
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์ €๋Š” ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ์šฐ๋ฆฌ, ์‹œ๊ฐ์žฅ์• ์ธ๋“ค์˜
01:55
of we blind people more than any other group.
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์‚ถ์„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐ”๊พธ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:58
And so I want to tell you about the interaction
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ์˜ ์ €๋ฅผ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด ์ค€ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜
02:02
between computer-based adaptive technology
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๋ณด์กฐ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ์ €๋ฅผ ๋„์™€์ค€ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์˜
02:05
and the many volunteers who helped me over the years
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์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:09
to become the person I am today.
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02:13
It's an interaction between volunteers,
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์ž์›๋ด‰์‚ฌ์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ์—ด์ •์ ์ธ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค,
02:15
passionate inventors and technology,
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๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
02:18
and it's a story that many other blind people could tell.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ์žฅ์• ์ธ๋“ค์ด ํ•ด์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:21
But let me tell you a bit about it today.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ข€ ๋“ค๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋„๋ก ํ•˜์ฃ .
๋‹ค์„ฏ ์‚ด ๋•Œ ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ์ ์ž ์ฝ๋Š” ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:26
When I was five, I went to school and I learned braille.
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6๊ฐœ์˜ ์ ์„ ์ข…์ด์— ์ฐ์–ด์„œ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ฒด๊ณ„์ธ๋ฐ,
02:30
It's an ingenious system of six dots
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02:32
that are punched into paper,
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02:34
and I can feel them with my fingers.
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์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ์ ธ์„œ ์ฝ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:37
In fact, I think they're putting up my grade six report.
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์ด์ œ, ์ œ 6ํ•™๋…„ ๋•Œ์˜ ์„ฑ์ ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹œ๊ฒŒ ๋  ํ…๋ฐ์š”.
02:40
I don't know where Julian Morrow got that from.
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์ค„๋ฆฌ์•ˆ ๋ชจ๋กœ์šฐ(ํ˜ธ์ฃผ์˜ ์ฝ”๋ฏธ๋””์–ธ)๊ฐ€
02:43
(Laughter)
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์ด๊ฑธ ์–ด๋””์„œ ๊ตฌํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ์š”. (์›ƒ์Œ)
02:45
I was pretty good in reading,
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์ €๋Š” ์ฝ๊ธฐ์— ๊ฝค ์†Œ์งˆ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ํŽธ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:46
but religion and musical appreciation needed more work.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ข…๊ต์™€ ์Œ์•…์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์ฃ . (์›ƒ์Œ)
02:51
(Laughter)
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์˜คํŽ˜๋ผ ํ•˜์šฐ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋ฉด์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€
02:53
When you leave the opera house,
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02:55
you'll find there's braille signage in the lifts.
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์—˜๋ฆฌ๋ฒ ์ดํ„ฐ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์ ์ž ํ‘œ์ง€๋“ค์„ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:58
Look for it. Have you noticed it?
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์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์•Œ์•„์ฑ„์‹  ๋ณด์‹  ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
03:02
I do. I look for it all the time.
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์ „ ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ๋งค์ผ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๋งŒ ์ฐพ์•„ ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
03:05
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
03:07
When I was at school,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•™๊ต์— ๋‹ค๋‹ ๋•Œ, ์ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ์ฑ…์„ ์ ์ž๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ” ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
03:09
the books were transcribed by transcribers,
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์ž์›๋ด‰์‚ฌ์ž๋“ค์ด ์ผ์ผ์ด ์ ์„ ์ฐ์–ด
03:13
voluntary people who punched one dot at a time
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03:15
so I'd have volumes to read,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฝ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฑ…์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์ฃผ์—ˆ์ฃ .
03:17
and that had been going on, mainly by women,
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03:19
since the late 19th century in this country,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ 19์„ธ๊ธฐ ํ›„๋ฐ˜๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ด์–ด์ ธ ์˜จ
03:22
but it was the only way I could read.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฝ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:25
When I was in high school,
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๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™์ƒ์ด ๋˜์–ด ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ํ•„๋ฆฝ์Šค์‚ฌ์˜
03:27
I got my first Philips reel-to-reel tape recorder,
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์˜คํ”ˆ๋ฆด์‹ ํ…Œ์ดํ”„ ๋…น์Œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:31
and tape recorders became my sort of pre-computer
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๋…น์Œ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•™์Šต ๋งค์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ ,
03:34
medium of learning.
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03:36
I could have family and friends read me material,
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์ €๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค์ด๋‚˜ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ์–ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ,
๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋…น์Œ๋œ ๊ฑธ ๋“ค์œผ๋ฉด์„œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋˜์ƒˆ๊ฒผ์–ด์š”,
03:40
and I could then read it back
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03:42
as many times as I needed.
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ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋งŒํผ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋“ ์ง€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:45
And it brought me into contact
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03:46
with volunteers and helpers.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ €๋ฅผ ๋•๋Š” ์ด๋“ค๊ณผ ์ธ์—ฐ์„ ๋งบ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:48
For example, when I studied at graduate school
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ํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค ํ€ธ์ฆˆ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๋Œ€ํ•™์›์— ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
03:53
at Queen's University in Canada,
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03:55
the prisoners at the Collins Bay jail agreed to help me.
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์ฝœ๋ฆฐ์Šค ๋ฒ ์ด ๊ต๋„์†Œ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๊ฐ์ž๋“ค์ด ์ €๋ฅผ ๋„์™€
ํ…Œ์ดํ”„ ๋…น์Œ๊ธฐ์— ์œก์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋…น์Œ์„ ํ•ด ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:59
I gave them a tape recorder, and they read into it.
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04:02
As one of them said to me,
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๊ทธ ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ช…์ด ์ œ๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
04:03
"Ron, we ain't going anywhere at the moment."
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"๋ก , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹น๋ถ„๊ฐ„ ์–ด๋””๋„ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š์„๊ฑฐ์—์š”." (์›ƒ์Œ)
04:06
(Laughter)
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04:08
But think of it. These men,
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค,
04:10
who hadn't had the educational opportunities I'd had,
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์ œ๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง„ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ต์œก์˜ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์–ป์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜
04:14
helped me gain post-graduate qualifications in law
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ํ—Œ์‹ ์ ์ธ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฒ•ํ•™ ํ•™์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
04:19
by their dedicated help.
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04:22
Well, I went back and became an academic
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ํ˜ธ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์™€์„œ
04:24
at Melbourne's Monash University,
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๋งฌ๋ฒ„๋ฅธ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‚˜์‰ฌ ๋Œ€ํ•™์˜ ๊ต์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ ,
04:27
and for those 25 years,
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๊ทธ 25๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ํ…Œ์ดํ”„ ๋…น์Œ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ œ ์ „๋ถ€์™€๋„ ๊ฐ™์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:31
tape recorders were everything to me.
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04:33
In fact, in my office in 1990,
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์‚ฌ์‹ค 1990๋…„ ์ €์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์—๋Š”
04:36
I had 18 miles of tape.
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18๋งˆ์ผ(์•ฝ 29ํ‚ฌ๋กœ๋ฏธํ„ฐ)๋งŒํผ์˜ ํ…Œ์ดํ”„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
04:40
Students, family and friends all read me material.
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ํ•™์ƒ, ๊ฐ€์กฑ, ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ์–ด์ฃผ์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
04:47
Mrs. Lois Doery,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ œ2์˜ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š”
04:49
whom I later came to call my surrogate mum,
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๋กœ์•„์Šค ๋„๋ฆฌ ๋ถ€์ธ์€
04:52
read me many thousands of hours onto tape.
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์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜ ์ฒœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ถ„๋Ÿ‰์˜ ํ…Œ์ดํ”„๋ฅผ ๋…น์Œํ•ด ์ฃผ์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:55
One of the reasons I agreed to give this talk today
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ด ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•œ ๋˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ด์œ ๋Š”
04:58
was that I was hoping that Lois would be here
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๋กœ์ด์Šค ๋ถ€์ธ๊ป˜ ์ด ์ž๋ฆฌ์—์„œ
05:00
so I could introduce you to her and publicly thank her.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์•ž์—์„œ ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์„œ์˜€์–ด์š”.
05:04
But sadly, her health hasn't permitted her to come today.
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์Šฌํ”„๊ฒŒ๋„ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ƒ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ์ฐธ์„ํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ๋ชปํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
05:08
But I thank you here, Lois, from this platform.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋ผ๋„ ๋งํ•ด๋ณผ๊ฒŒ์š”. ๊ณ ๋ง™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๋กœ์ด์Šค ๋ถ€์ธ.
05:13
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
1984๋…„, ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์• ํ”Œ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:25
I saw my first Apple computer in 1984,
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05:32
and I thought to myself,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ฃ ,
05:34
"This thing's got a glass screen, not much use to me."
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"์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‚˜ํ•œํ…Œ ์“ธ๋ชจ์—†๋Š” ์œ ๋ฆฌ ์Šคํฌ๋ฆฐ์ด ์žˆ๋„ค."
05:39
How very wrong I was.
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ฆฌ์„์—ˆ๋˜์ง€์š”.
1987๋…„ ์ €์˜ ํฐ์•„๋“ค์ธ ์ œ๋ผ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ ๋‹ฌ์—
05:43
In 1987, in the month our eldest son Gerard was born,
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05:47
I got my first blind computer,
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์ €๋Š” ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ๊ฐ์žฅ์• ์ธ์šฉ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:50
and it's actually here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์™”์–ด์š”.
05:53
See it up there?
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๋ณด์ด์„ธ์š”?
05:55
And you see it has no, what do you call it, no screen.
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๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ด ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์—๋Š” ์Šคํฌ๋ฆฐ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์—†์–ด์š”.
05:59
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
06:03
It's a blind computer.
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๋ธ”๋ผ์ธ๋“œ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
06:05
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
06:07
It's a Keynote Gold 84k,
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์ด๊ฑด ํ‚ค๋…ธํŠธ ๊ณจ๋“œ 84k ๋ฒ„์ „์ธ๋ฐ,
06:10
and the 84k stands for it had 84 kilobytes of memory.
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84k๋Š” 84ํ‚ฌ๋กœ๋ฐ”์ดํŠธ์˜ ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด์ฃ .
06:14
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
06:17
Don't laugh, it cost me 4,000 dollars at the time. (Laughter)
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์›ƒ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”, ๋‹น์‹œ์— 4์ฒœ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋“ค์—ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”. (์›ƒ์Œ)
06:22
I think there's more memory in my watch.
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์ œ ์‹œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋” ํฌ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
06:27
It was invented by Russell Smith, a passionate inventor
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์‹œ๊ฐ์žฅ์• ์ธ๋“ค์„ ๋•๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋Ÿฌ์…€ ์Šค๋ฏธ์Šค๋ผ๋Š”
๋‰ด์งˆ๋žœ๋“œ์˜ ์—ด์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฐœ๋ช…๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:30
in New Zealand who was trying to help blind people.
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06:32
Sadly, he died in a light plane crash in 2005,
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์Šฌํ”„๊ฒŒ๋„ 2005๋…„์— ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋กœ ์ƒ์„ ๋งˆ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
06:36
but his memory lives on in my heart.
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๊ทธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์–ต์€ ์ œ ๊ฐ€์Šด ์†์— ์‚ด์•„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:39
It meant, for the first time,
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์ €๋Š” ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ, ์ด ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด
06:41
I could read back what I had typed into it.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:45
It had a speech synthesizer.
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๊ธฐ๊ณ„์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ฝ์–ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ํƒ‘์žฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
06:47
I'd written my first coauthored labor law book
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06:49
on a typewriter in 1979 purely from memory.
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1979๋…„ ์ €๋Š” ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ํžˆ ์ œ ๊ธฐ์–ต์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ
๋…ธ๋™๋ฒ•์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ฑ…์„ ๊ณต๋™์ง‘ํ•„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:54
This now allowed me to read back what I'd written
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋Š” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์“ด ๊ธ€์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ฝ์–ด์ฃผ์–ด์„œ
06:58
and to enter the computer world,
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์ €๋ฅผ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ์ž…๋ฌธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋„์™€์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:00
even with its 84k of memory.
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84k์˜ ๋ฉ”๋ชจ๋ฆฌ๋กœ๋„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
07:03
In 1974, the great Ray Kurzweil, the American inventor,
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1974๋…„์—๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐœ๋ช…๊ฐ€์ธ ๋ ˆ์ด ์ปค์ฆˆ์™€์ผ์ด
์ฑ…์„ ์Šค์บ”ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ฝ์–ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ
07:09
worked on building a machine that would scan books
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07:11
and read them out in synthetic speech.
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๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:14
Optical character recognition units then
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๋‹น์‹œ ๋ฌธ์ž ์ธ์‹ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€
07:16
only operated usually on one font,
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์ •ํ•ด์ง„ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ํฐํŠธ์—๋งŒ ์ ํ•ฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ž‘๋™ํ–ˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
07:19
but by using charge-coupled device flatbed scanners
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์ „ํ•˜๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์†Œ์ž ์Šค์บ๋„ˆ์™€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์Œ ์ œ์กฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
07:23
and speech synthesizers,
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์–ด๋–ค ํฐํŠธ๋„ ์ฝ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:25
he developed a machine that could read any font.
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07:29
And his machine, which was as big as a washing machine,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„ธํƒ๊ธฐ๋งŒํผ ์ปธ๋˜ ๊ทธ์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋Š”
07:32
was launched on the 13th of January, 1976.
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1976๋…„ 1์›” 13์ผ์— ์ •์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ถœ์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:36
I saw my first commercially available Kurzweil
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1989๋…„ 3์›” ์ €๋Š” ์ƒ์—…์ ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋งค๋œ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ปค์ฆˆ์™€์ผ์„
๋งŒ๋‚˜์ž๋งˆ์ž ๋งˆ์Œ์„ ๋นผ์•—๊ฒจ ๋ฒ„๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:40
in March 1989, and it blew me away,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  1989๋…„ 9์›” ๋ชจ๋‚˜์‰ฌ ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ
07:43
and in September 1989,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€๊ต์ˆ˜๋กœ ์„ ์ž„๋œ ๊ทธ ๋‹ฌ์— ๋ฒ•ํ•™๋Œ€ํ•™์›์—์„œ
07:46
the month that my associate professorship
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๊ทธ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๊ตฌ์ž…ํ•ด์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:49
at Monash University was announced,
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07:51
the law school got one, and I could use it.
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07:55
For the first time, I could read what I wanted to read
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๋‚œ์ƒ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์Šค์บ๋„ˆ ์œ„์— ์ฑ…์„ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ
์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฝ๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฝ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ ,
07:59
by putting a book on the scanner.
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๋” ์ด์ƒ ๋…น์Œ์„ ๋ถ€ํƒํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
08:00
I didn't have to be nice to people!
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์นœ์ ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ตด ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์ฃ ! (์›ƒ์Œ)
08:03
(Laughter)
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08:05
I no longer would be censored.
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๋” ์ด์ƒ ๊ฒ€์—ดํ•  ํ•„์š”๋„ ์—†์–ด์กŒ์ฃ .
08:08
For example, I was too shy then,
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์–ด๋–ค ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋ถ€๋„๋Ÿฝ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
์ง€๊ธˆ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ด๊ธด ํ•œ๋ฐ์š”, ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ
08:11
and I'm actually too shy now, to ask anybody
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08:13
to read me out loud sexually explicit material.
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๋…ธ๊ณจ์ ์ธ ์„ฑ์  ํ‘œํ˜„์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ์–ด๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ 
08:16
(Laughter)
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๋ถ€ํƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ถ€๋„๋Ÿฌ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
(์›ƒ์Œ)
08:20
But, you know, I could pop a book on in the middle of the night, and --
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์ œ ํ•œ๋ฐค์ค‘์— ์ฑ…์„ ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์— ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด --
08:23
(Laughter) (Applause)
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(์›ƒ์Œ) (๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ปค์ฆˆ์™€์ผ ๋ฆฌ๋”๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ด์ œ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์—
08:33
Now, the Kurzweil reader is simply
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ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ์„ค์น˜๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:36
a program on my laptop.
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08:38
That's what it's shrunk to.
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ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์•„์ฃผ ์ž‘์•„์กŒ์ฃ .
08:40
And now I can scan the latest novel
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์ด์ œ๋Š” ์Œ์„ฑ ๋„์„œ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜ฌ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆด ํ•„์š”๋„ ์—†์ด
08:42
and not wait to get it into talking book libraries.
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์ตœ์‹  ์†Œ์„ค์„ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์Šค์บ”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
08:44
I can keep up with my friends.
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์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ง„๋„๋ฅผ ๋งž์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
08:47
There are many people who have helped me in my life,
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์ œ ์‚ถ์—์„œ ์ €๋ฅผ ๋„์™€์ค€ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
๊ทธ ์ค‘ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ„๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
08:51
and many that I haven't met.
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08:53
One is another American inventor Ted Henter.
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๊ทธ ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ถ„์€ ํ…Œ๋“œ ํ—Œํ„ฐ๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฐœ๋ช…๊ฐ€์ธ๋ฐ,
08:57
Ted was a motorcycle racer,
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๋ชจํ„ฐ์‚ฌ์ดํด ๋ ˆ์ด์„œ์˜€๋‹ค๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
08:59
but in 1978 he had a car accident and lost his sight,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ 1978๋…„ ๊ตํ†ต์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋กœ ์‹œ๋ ฅ์„ ์žƒ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
๋ชจํ„ฐ์‚ฌ์ดํด ๋ ˆ์ด์„œ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ธ ์ผ์ด์ง€์š”.
09:04
which is devastating if you're trying to ride motorbikes.
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09:07
He then turned to being a waterskier
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๊ทธ ํ›„ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ƒ ์Šคํ‚ค ์„ ์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ „ํ–ฅํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
09:10
and was a champion disabled waterskier.
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์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์žฅ์• ์ธ ์ˆ˜์ƒ ์Šคํ‚ค ์„ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:13
But in 1989, he teamed up with Bill Joyce
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1989๋…„์—๋Š” ๋นŒ ์กฐ์ด์Šค์™€ ํŒ€์„ ๊ฒฐ์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ
09:17
to develop a program that would read out
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์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์ด๋‚˜ ๊ทธ ์™ธ์˜ ์Šคํฌ๋ฆฐ์— ๋„์›Œ์ง„ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋„
09:21
what was on the computer screen
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์Œ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ฝ์–ด์ฃผ๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:23
from the Net or from what was on the computer.
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09:25
It's called JAWS, Job Access With Speech,
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์ฃ ์Šค(JAWS: Job Access With Speech)๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ,
09:28
and it sounds like this.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ƒˆ์ฃ .
09:30
(JAWS speaking)
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(์ฃ ์Šค์˜ ์ฝ๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ)
09:41
Ron McCallum: Isn't that slow?
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๋ก  ๋งฅ์นผ๋Ÿผ: ๋Š๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๋‚˜์š”? (์›ƒ์Œ)
09:43
(Laughter)
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09:44
You see, if I read like that, I'd fall asleep.
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์ œ๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์†๋„๋กœ ์ฝ์–ด์ฃผ๋ฉด ์ „ ์ž ์ด ๋“ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:46
I slowed it down for you.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋Šฆ์ถ˜ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:48
I'm going to ask that we play it at the speed I read it.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฝ์„ ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์†๋„๋กœ ์žฌ์ƒํ•ด๋„ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
09:51
Can we play that one?
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๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
09:53
(JAWS speaking)
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(์ฃ ์Šค์˜ ์ฝ๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฆฌ)
(์›ƒ์Œ)
10:07
(Laughter)
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10:09
RM: You know, when you're marking student essays,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ,
10:11
you want to get through them fairly quickly.
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋„˜๊ฒจ๋ณด๊ธธ ์›ํ•˜์‹ค ํ…Œ์ฃ .
10:13
(Laughter) (Applause)
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(์›ƒ์Œ) (๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
1987๋…„, ์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ์ €๋ฅผ ๋งคํ˜น์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:23
This technology that fascinated me in 1987
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10:26
is now on my iPhone and on yours as well.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ์ด์ œ ์ €์™€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์•„์ดํฐ์—๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
10:30
But, you know, I find reading with machines
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ๊ธ€์„ ์ฝ๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
10:33
a very lonely process.
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์•„์ฃผ ๊ณ ๋…ํ•œ ๊ณผ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:36
I grew up with family, friends, reading to me,
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์ €๋Š” ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ์–ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค๊ณผ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค ํ‹ˆ์—์„œ ์ž๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์œก์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ฝ์„ ๋•Œ ๋Š๊ปด์ง€๋Š”
10:41
and I loved the warmth and the breath
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๋”ฐ์Šคํ•จ๊ณผ ์ˆจ๊ฒฐ, ์นœ๋ฐ€ํ•จ์„ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:44
and the closeness of people reading.
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10:46
Do you love being read to?
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ์–ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
10:48
And one of my most enduring memories
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์žŠ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ธฐ์–ต ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
10:51
is in 1999, Mary reading to me and the children
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1999๋…„ ๋งค๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งจ๋ฆฌ ํ•ด๋ณ€์—์„œ ์ €์™€ ์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
10:57
down near Manly Beach
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"ํ•ด๋ฆฌํฌํ„ฐ์™€ ๋งˆ๋ฒ•์‚ฌ์˜ ๋Œ"์„
10:59
"Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone."
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์ฝ์–ด์ฃผ์—ˆ๋˜ ๋•Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:02
Isn't that a great book?
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์ •๋ง ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์ฑ… ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
11:05
I still love being close to someone reading to me.
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์ง€๊ธˆ๋„ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ์–ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:08
But I wouldn't give up the technology,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋„ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์ง€์š”.
11:09
because it's allowed me to lead a great life.
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์ œ ์‚ถ์„ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์‚ถ์„ ์‚ด๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
11:15
Of course, talking books for the blind
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ด์ „์—๋Š” ์Œ์„ฑ ๋„์„œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
11:17
predated all this technology.
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1930๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดˆ์— ์žฅ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋…น์Œ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๋ช…๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ ,
11:19
After all, the long-playing record was developed
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11:22
in the early 1930s,
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11:24
and now we put talking books on CDs
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ '๋ฐ์ด์ง€'๋ผ๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด CD๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ง€์š”.
11:26
using the digital access system known as DAISY.
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11:32
But when I'm reading with synthetic voices,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์Œ์ด ์ฝ์–ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋“ค์„ ๋•Œ๋ฉด,
11:35
I love to come home and read a racy novel
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์–ผ๋ฅธ ์ง‘์— ๊ฐ€์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์ฝ์–ด์ฃผ๋Š”
11:38
with a real voice.
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์•ผํ•œ ์†Œ์„ค์„ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:42
Now there are still barriers
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์žฅ์• ์ธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:44
in front of we people with disabilities.
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11:46
Many websites we can't read using JAWS
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JAWS๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด๋„ ์ฝ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š”
์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์•„์ง๋„ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:49
and the other technologies.
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11:50
Websites are often very visual,
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์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ์ ์ด๊ณ , ์ฝ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š”
๊ผฌ๋ฆฌํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ๊ณผ ๋ฒ„ํŠผ์ด ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:53
and there are all these sorts of graphs
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11:54
that aren't labeled and buttons that aren't labeled,
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11:57
and that's why the World Wide Web Consortium 3,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ W3C๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์›”๋“œ ์™€์ด๋“œ ์›น ์ฝ˜์†Œ์‹œ์—„ 3์—์„œ๋Š”
12:01
known as W3C, has developed worldwide standards
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์„ธ๊ณ„์  ์›น ํ‘œ์ค€์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:06
for the Internet.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์šด์˜์ž๋“ค์ด
12:08
And we want all Internet users or Internet site owners
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ์žฅ์• ์ธ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•ด
12:13
to make their sites compatible so that
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12:15
we persons without vision can have a level playing field.
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์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ˜ธํ™˜๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์š”์ฒญํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:20
There are other barriers brought about by our laws.
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์ด์™ธ์— ๋ฒ•์ ์ธ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:24
For example, Australia,
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ํ˜ธ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค์ž๋ฉด,
12:27
like about one third of the world's countries,
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘ 3๋ถ„์˜ 1 ๋˜ํ•œ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ธ๋ฐ,
12:29
has copyright exceptions which allow books to be brailled
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๋งน์ธ๋“ค์ด ์ฝ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ฑ…๋“ค์ด ์ ์žํ™”๋ฅผ
ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ํŠน๋ณ„์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:34
or read for we blind persons.
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12:36
But those books can't travel across borders.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ฑ…๋“ค์€ ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์„ ๋„˜์„ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์ง€์š”.
12:39
For example, in Spain, there are a 100,000
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด, ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ์—๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฝ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
12:42
accessible books in Spanish.
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์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ์–ด๋กœ ๋œ ์ฑ…์ด ์‹ญ๋งŒ ๊ถŒ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:44
In Argentina, there are 50,000.
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์•„๋ฅดํ—จํ‹ฐ๋‚˜์—๋Š” ์˜ค๋งŒ ๊ถŒ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ ์š”.
12:46
In no other Latin American country
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๊ทธ ์™ธ ๋ผํ‹ด์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์—๋Š”
12:48
are there more than a couple of thousand.
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๋‹จ ๋ช‡ ์ฒœ ๊ถŒ ์ •๋„๋งŒ์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
12:50
But it's not legal to transport the books
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์Šค`ํŽ˜์ธ์—์„œ ์•„๋ฅดํ—จํ‹ฐ๋‚˜๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:52
from Spain to Latin America.
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12:55
There are hundreds of thousands of accessible books
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฝ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๊ถŒ์˜ ์ฑ…์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:58
in the United States, Britain, Canada, Australia, etc.,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ, ์˜๊ตญ, ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค, ํ˜ธ์ฃผ ๋“ฑ์ง€์— ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
13:01
but they can't be transported to the 60 countries
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ ์ฑ…๋“ค์€ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๊ตญ์–ด๋กœ ์“ฐ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
13:03
in our world where English is the first and the second language.
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์ œ2 ๊ตญ์–ด๋กœ ์“ฐ๋Š” 60์—ฌ๊ฐœ๊ตญ์— ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:06
And remember I was telling you about Harry Potter.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด๋ฆฌ ํฌํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ฝ์—ˆ๋˜ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ ค ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
13:10
Well, because we can't transport books across borders,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฝ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฑ…์€ ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์„ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—,
13:13
there had to be separate versions read
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๊ฐ™์€ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ผ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„
13:15
in all the different English-speaking countries:
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๋‚˜๋ผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฑ…์€ ๊ฐ์–‘๊ฐ์ƒ‰์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:18
Britain, United States, Canada, Australia,
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์˜๊ตญ, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ, ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค, ํ˜ธ์ฃผ,
13:21
and New Zealand all had to have
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๋‰ด์งˆ๋žœ๋“œ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋„
13:23
separate readings of Harry Potter.
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๊ฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ณ„๋„๋กœ ํ•ด๋ฆฌ ํฌํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ฝ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ง€์š”.
13:26
And that's why, next month in Morocco,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋กœ, ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹ฌ ๋ชจ๋กœ์ฝ”์—์„œ๋Š”
13:29
a meeting is taking place between all the countries.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค ๊ฐ„ ํšŒ์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ์˜ˆ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:31
It's something that a group of countries
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ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค๊ณผ ์‹œ๊ฐ์žฅ์• ์ธ ์—ฐํ•ฉ์ด ํ›„์›ํ•˜๋Š”
13:33
and the World Blind Union are advocating,
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13:35
a cross-border treaty
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ„ ์กฐ์•ฝ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํšŒ์˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:37
so that if books are available under a copyright exception
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์–ด๋–ค ์ฑ…์ด ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ์˜ˆ์™ธ์กฐํ•ญ์— ๋ถ€ํ•ฉํ•˜๊ณ 
13:40
and the other country has a copyright exception,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ์— ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ์˜ˆ์™ธ์กฐํ•ญ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
13:42
we can transport those books across borders
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๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์„ ๋„˜์–ด ์ฑ…๋“ค์„ ๊ต๋ฅ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:45
and give life to people, particularly in developing countries,
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13:48
blind people who don't have the books to read.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ, ํŠนํžˆ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์™€
์ฝ์„ ์ฑ…์ด ์—†๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ์žฅ์• ์ธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
13:52
I want that to happen.
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ํฌ๋ง์„ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:54
(Applause)
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ธธ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
14:02
My life has been extraordinarily blessed
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์ œ ์ธ์ƒ์€ ์ •๋ง ๋งŽ์€ ์ถ•๋ณต์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์ง€์š”.
14:05
with marriage and children
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๊ฒฐํ˜ผ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์•„์ด๋„ ๋‚ณ๊ณ 
14:08
and certainly interesting work to do,
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์ œ ์ ์„ฑ์— ๋งž๋Š” ์ผ๋„ ์ฐพ์•˜์ง€์š”.
14:11
whether it be at the University of Sydney Law School,
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ํ•™๊ธฐ ์ฃผ์ž„์„ ๋งก์€ ์‹œ๋“œ๋‹ˆ ๋ฒ•๋Œ€์ด๋“ 
14:14
where I served a term as dean,
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” UN์˜
14:15
or now as I sit on the United Nations Committee
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14:19
on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, in Geneva.
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์ œ๋„ค๋ฐ” ์žฅ์• ์ธ ์ธ๊ถŒ ์œ„์›ํšŒ์ด๋“ 
14:22
I've indeed been a very fortunate human being.
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์ €๋Š” ์ฐธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณต๋ฐ›์€ ์‚ถ์„ ์‚ด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:27
I wonder what the future will hold.
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์—๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ ์ง€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•ด์š”.
14:30
The technology will advance even further,
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ,
14:33
but I can still remember my mum saying, 60 years ago,
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60๋…„ ์ „ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์žŠ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
14:37
"Remember, darling,
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"์–˜์•ผ. ์ธ์‡„๋œ ์ฑ…์„ ์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ฝ์„ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†๋‹จ๋‹ค."
14:39
you'll never be able to read the print with your fingers."
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14:43
I'm so glad that the interaction between braille transcribers,
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์ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋‚ญ๋… ์ž์›๋ด‰์‚ฌ์ž๋“ค, ๋ฐœ๋ช…๊ฐ€๋“ค๊ณผ
๊ต๋ฅ˜ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ผ์€ ํ–‰์šด์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:48
volunteer readers and passionate inventors,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ œ๊ฒŒ ๋…์„œ์˜ ๊ฟˆ์„ ์‹คํ˜„์‹œ์ผœ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์ฃ .
14:51
has allowed this dream of reading to come true for me
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14:54
and for blind people throughout the world.
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ ์‹œ๊ฐ์žฅ์• ์ธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ ์š”.
14:57
I'd like to thank my researcher Hannah Martin,
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์ €๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋„˜๊ฒจ ์ค€
15:01
who is my slide clicker, who clicks the slides,
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์ œ ์กฐ๊ต, ํ•œ๋‚˜ ๋งˆํ‹ด์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:04
and my wife, Professor Mary Crock, who's the light of my life,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ ์ธ์ƒ์˜ ๋น›์ธ ์•„๋‚ด, ๋งค๋ฆฌ ํฌ๋ฝ
15:08
is coming on to collect me.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์ ˆ ๋ฐ๋ฆฌ๋Ÿฌ ์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
15:10
I want to thank her too.
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15:11
I think I have to say goodbye now.
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๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ตฐ์š”.
์ด๋งŒ ์ค„์—ฌ์•ผ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”.
15:13
Bless you. Thank you very much.
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๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•˜์‹œ๊ณ , ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
15:15
(Applause)
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15:16
Yay! (Applause)
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์•ผํ˜ธ!
15:32
Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. Okay. (Applause)
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์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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