Why the pencil is perfect | Small Thing Big Idea, a TED series

636,357 views ・ 2018-11-03

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:00
Translator: Krystian Aparta Reviewer: Camille MartΓ­nez
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λ²ˆμ—­: Sojeong KIM κ²€ν† : Ju Hye Lim
00:12
The sound is a really big part, I think, of the experience of using a pencil,
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연필을 μ“Έ λ•Œ λ“€λ¦¬λŠ” 특유의 μ†Œλ¦¬κ°€ 큰 뢀뢄을 μ°¨μ§€ν•΄μš”.
00:15
and it has this really audible scratchiness.
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μ‚¬κ°κ±°λ¦¬λŠ” μ†Œλ¦¬κ°€ μ•„μ£Ό 잘 듀리죠.
00:19
(Scratching)
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(사각사각)
00:22
[Small thing. Big idea.]
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[μ‚¬μ†Œν•œ 것에 λ‹΄κΈ΄]
[μœ„λŒ€ν•œ 아이디어]
00:25
[Caroline Weaver on the Pencil]
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[캐둀라인 μœ„λ²„κ°€ λ“€λ €μ£ΌλŠ” μ—°ν•„ 이야기]
00:28
The pencil is a very simple object.
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연필은 맀우 λ‹¨μˆœν•œ λ¬Όκ±΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:30
It's made of wood with some layers of paint
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μ—¬λŸ¬ κ²Ή μΉ ν•œ λ‚˜λ¬΄μ™€
00:33
an eraser and a core,
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μ§€μš°κ°œμ™€ μ‹¬μ§€λ‘œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:34
which is made out of graphite, clay and water.
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연필심은 흑연과 점토, 물둜 μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ‘Œμ–΄μš”.
00:37
Yeah, it took hundreds of people over centuries
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λ””μžμΈμ΄ μ™„μ„±λ˜κΈ°κΉŒμ§€ 수 세기에 걸친
00:39
to come to this design.
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수백 λͺ…μ˜ λ…Έλ ₯이 μžˆμ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
00:41
And it's that long history of collaboration
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였랜 ν˜‘μ—…μ˜ 역사가
00:44
that, to me, makes it a very perfect object.
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ν˜„μž¬μ˜ μ™„λ²½ν•œ 연필을 λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:48
The story of the pencil starts with graphite.
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μ—°ν•„μ˜ μ—­μ‚¬λŠ” ν‘μ—°μ—μ„œ μ‹œμž‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:50
People started finding really useful applications
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 이 μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 광물을 μœ μš©ν•˜κ²Œ ν™œμš©ν•  방법을
00:53
for this new substance.
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λ°œκ²¬ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:54
They cut it into small sticks
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그듀은 흑연을 μž‘μ€ λ§‰λŒ€ ν˜•νƒœλ‘œ 잘라
00:57
and wrapped it in string or sheepskin or paper
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끈, μ–‘ν”Ό λ˜λŠ” μ’…μ΄λ‘œ 말아
00:59
and sold it on the streets of London
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런던 κ±°λ¦¬μ—μ„œ νŒ”μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:01
to be used for writing or for drawing
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글을 μ“°κ³  그림을 κ·Έλ¦¬λŠ” μš©λ„μ˜€μ–΄μš”.
01:03
or, a lot of times, by farmers and shepherds,
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λ§Žμ€ 경우, 농뢀와 λͺ©λ™μ΄ 자기 가좕을 ν‘œμ‹œν•˜λŠ” 데
01:06
who used it to mark their animals.
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흑연을 μΌμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:08
Over in France,
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ν”„λž‘μŠ€μ—μ„œλŠ”
01:09
Nicolas-Jacques ContΓ© figured out a method of grinding the graphite,
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λ‹ˆμ½œλΌμŠ€ 자크 μ½©ν…Œκ°€ 흑연을 λΆ„μ‡„ν•΄μ„œ
01:13
mixing it with powdered clay and water to make a paste.
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뢄말 점토와 λ¬Όκ³Ό μ„žμ–΄ λ°˜μ£½μ„ λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 방법을 κ°œλ°œν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:16
From there, this paste was filled into a mold and fired in a kiln,
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틀에 λ°˜μ£½μ„ λΆ€μ–΄ κ°€λ§ˆμ—μ„œ ꡬ웠고,
01:19
and the result was a really strong graphite core
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κ·Έ κ²°κ³Ό, μ•„μ£Ό λ‹¨λ‹¨ν•œ 흑연심이 νƒ„μƒν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:22
that wasn't breakable, that was smooth, usable --
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λΆ€λŸ¬μ§€μ§€ μ•Šμ§€λ§Œ λΆ€λ“œλŸ½κ³ , μ“Έ λ§Œν•œ μ‹¬μ΄μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
01:25
it was so much better than anything else that existed at the time,
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λ‹Ήμ‹œ μ‘΄μž¬ν–ˆλ˜ μ–΄λ–€ 필기ꡬ보닀 μš°μˆ˜ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:29
and to this day, that's the method that's still used in making pencils.
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κ·Έ λ•Œ μ™„μ„±λœ μ œμ‘°λ²•μ„ μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚ κΉŒμ§€ μ—¬μ „νžˆ μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:33
Meanwhile, over in America, in Concord, Massachusetts,
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ν•œνŽΈ λ―Έκ΅­μ—μ„œλŠ”, 맀사좔세츠 μ½©μ½”λ“œμ— μ‚¬λŠ”
01:36
it was Henry David Thoreau who came up with the grading scale
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헨리 λ°μ΄λΉ„λ“œ μ†Œλ‘œκ°€ μ—°ν•„μ˜ 경도에 λ”°λ₯Έ 등급을
01:39
for different hardnesses of pencil.
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λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:41
It was graded one through four,
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등급은 1μ—μ„œλΆ€ν„° 4κΉŒμ§€λ‘œ,
01:43
number two being the ideal hardness for general use.
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일반적인 μ‚¬μš©μ— κ°€μž₯ μ ν•©ν•œ 것은 2λ“±κΈ‰μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:47
The softer the pencil, the more graphite it had in it,
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연필심이 무λ₯Όμˆ˜λ‘ ν‘μ—°μ˜ λΉ„μœ¨μ΄ λ†’μ•„μ„œ,
01:49
and the darker and smoother the line will be.
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선이 더 μ§„ν•˜κ³  λΆ€λ“œλŸ½μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:53
The firmer the pencil, the more clay it had in it
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심이 λ”±λ”±ν• μˆ˜λ‘ μ ν† μ˜ λΉ„μœ¨μ΄ λ†’μ•„μ„œ
01:55
and the lighter and finer it will be.
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더 μ—°ν•˜κ³  μ„Έλ°€ν•œ 선을 그릴 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:58
Originally, when pencils were handmade, they were made round.
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연필을 μˆ˜μ œμž‘ν–ˆλ˜ 초기의 μ—°ν•„ λͺ¨μ–‘은 λ‘₯κΈ€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:01
There was no easy way to make them,
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연필을 λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 방법은 μ–΄λ €μ› λŠ”λ°
02:03
and it was the Americans who really mechanized the craft.
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미ꡭ인듀이 κ·Έ 곡정을 κΈ°κ³„ν™”ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:06
A lot of people credit Joseph Dixon
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λ§Žμ€ 이듀이 μ‘°μ…‰ λ”•μŠ¨μ„
02:08
for being one of the first people to start developing actual machines
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μ—°ν•„ λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 기계λ₯Ό 졜초둜 발λͺ…ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λ‘œ μ—¬κΉλ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:12
to do things like cut wood slats, cut grooves into the wood,
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기계가 λ‚˜λ¬΄ 판자λ₯Ό 자λ₯΄κ³  ν™ˆμ„ νŒŒμ„œ,
02:16
apply glue to them ...
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μ ‘μ°©μ œλ₯Ό λ°œλžμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:17
And they figured out it was easier and less wasteful
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κ·Έ κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μœ‘κ°ν˜• 연필이 더 λ§Œλ“€κΈ° 쉽고
02:20
to do a hexagonal pencil,
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낭비도 μ λ‹€λŠ” κ±Έ μ•Œκ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:22
and so that became the standard.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μœ‘κ°ν˜•μ΄ ν‘œμ€€ λͺ¨μ–‘이 λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:24
Since the early days of pencils,
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연필이 λ“±μž₯ν•œ μ΄ˆκΈ°λΆ€ν„°,
02:26
people have loved that they can be erased.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 연필이 μ§€μ›Œμ§„λ‹€λŠ” 점을 맀우 μ’‹μ•„ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:29
Originally, it was bread crumbs
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μ΄ˆκΈ°μ—λŠ” λΉ΅κ°€λ£¨λ‘œ μ—°ν•„ μžκ΅­μ„ μ§€μ› μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:31
that were used to scratch away pencil marks
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02:33
and later, rubber and pumice.
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κ·Έ 후에 고무와 뢀석이 λ“±μž₯ν–ˆμ£ .
02:35
The attached eraser happened in 1858,
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μ§€μš°κ°œκ°€ 달린 연필이 처음 λ“±μž₯ν•œ λ•ŒλŠ” 1858λ…„μœΌλ‘œ
02:38
when American stationer Hymen Lipman patented the first pencil
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미ꡭ의 문ꡬ점 μ£ΌμΈμ΄μ—ˆλ˜ ν•˜μ΄λ©˜ λ¦¬ν”„λ§Œμ΄
μ§€μš°κ°œκ°€ 달린 μ—°ν•„λ‘œ νŠΉν—ˆλ₯Ό λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:42
with an attached eraser,
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02:44
which really changed the pencil game.
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이λ₯Ό κ³„κΈ°λ‘œ μ—°ν•„μ˜ νŒλ„κ°€ λ°”λ€Œμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:46
The world's first yellow pencil was the KOH-I-NOOR 1500.
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세계 졜초의 λ…Έλž€ 연필은 μ½”μ΄λˆ„μ–΄ 1500μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:50
KOH-I-NOOR did this crazy thing
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μ½”μ΄λˆ„μ–΄λŠ” 연필에 λ…Έλž‘ 페인트λ₯Ό 14λ²ˆμ΄λ‚˜ μž…νžˆκ³ 
02:51
where they painted this pencil with 14 coats of yellow paint
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02:54
and dipped the end in 14-carat gold.
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끝을 14캐럿 κΈˆμ— λ‹΄κ·ΈλŠ” 미친 짓을 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:57
There is a pencil for everyone,
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λˆ„κ΅¬λ‚˜ 연필을 κ°–κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:59
and every pencil has a story.
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그리고 λͺ¨λ“  μ—°ν•„μ—λŠ” 각자의 이야기가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:02
The Blackwing 602 is famous for being used by a lot of writers,
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λΈ”λž™μœ™ 602λŠ” λ§Žμ€ μž‘κ°€λ“€μ΄ μ‚¬λž‘ν•œ μ—°ν•„λ‘œ 유λͺ…ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:06
especially John Steinbeck and Vladimir Nabokov.
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κ·Έ μ€‘μ—λŠ” μ‘΄ μŠ€νƒ€μΈλ²‘κ³Ό 블라디미λ₯΄ λ‚˜λ°”μ½”λΈŒλ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:09
And then, you have the Dixon pencil company.
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λ”•μŠ¨ μ—°ν•„ νšŒμ‚¬λ„ 빼놓을 수 μ—†μ£ .
03:12
They're responsible for the Dixon Ticonderoga.
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λ”•μŠ¨ ν‹°μ½˜λ°λ‘œκ°€ 연필을 λ§Œλ“  νšŒμ‚¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:15
It's an icon,
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μ—°ν•„μ˜ μ•„μ΄μ½˜μ΄μ£ .
03:16
it's what people think of when they think of a pencil
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ—°ν•„ 생각을 ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ 학ꡐλ₯Ό 생각할 λ•Œ
03:18
and what they think of when they think of school.
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λ– μ˜¬λ¦¬λŠ” μ—°ν•„μ΄μ§€μš”.
03:21
And the pencil's really a thing that, I think,
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연필은 일반적으둜 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄
03:23
the average user has never thought twice about,
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§€κ³ , μ™œ 이런 ν˜•νƒœλ‘œ λ§Œλ“œλŠ”μ§€
03:25
how it's made or why it's made the way it is,
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λ”±νžˆ 생각해보지 μ•ŠλŠ” λ¬Όκ±΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:28
because it's just always been that way.
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늘 이런 λͺ¨μ–‘μ΄μ—ˆμœΌλ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
03:31
In my opinion, there's nothing that can be done
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제 μƒκ°μ—λŠ” 연필을 이보닀 더
03:33
to make the pencil better than it is.
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잘 λ§Œλ“€ μˆ˜λŠ” 없을 것 κ°™μ•„μš”.
03:36
It's perfect.
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연필은 μ™„λ²½ν•΄μš”.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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