Nathan Wolfe: What's left to explore?

45,345 views ・ 2012-05-21

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

00:00
Translator: Timothy Covell Reviewer: Morton Bast
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λ²ˆμ—­: Seyoung Yoon κ²€ν† : Jireh Kang
00:15
Recently I visited Beloit, Wisconsin.
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μ €λŠ” μ΅œκ·Όμ— 20μ„ΈκΈ°μ˜ μœ„λŒ€ν•œ νƒν—˜κ°€μΈ
00:18
And I was there to honor a great 20th century explorer,
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둜이 채프먼 μ•€λ“œλ£¨μŠ€λ₯Ό 기리기 μœ„ν•΄ μœ„μŠ€μ½˜μ‹ μ£Όμ— μžˆλŠ”
00:22
Roy Chapman Andrews.
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λ²¨λ‘œμž‡μ„ λ°©λ¬Έν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:24
During his time at the American Museum of Natural History,
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둜이 채프먼 μ•€λ“œλ£¨μŠ€λŠ” λ―Έκ΅­ μžμ—°μ‚¬ λ°•λ¬Όκ΄€μ—μ„œ μΌν•˜λŠ” λ™μ•ˆ
00:26
Andrews led a range of expeditions to uncharted regions,
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μ—¬κΈ° λ³΄μ΄λŠ” κ³ λΉ„ 사막과 같은 λ―Έκ°œμ²™μ§€μ—μ„œ
00:31
like here in the Gobi Desert.
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μ—¬λŸ¬ νƒν—˜μ„ μ΄λŒμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:32
He was quite a figure.
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κ·ΈλŠ” 정말 λŒ€λ‹¨ν•œ μΈλ¬Όμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:34
He was later, it's said, the basis of the Indiana Jones character.
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κ·Έκ°€ μΈλ””μ• λ‚˜ 쑴슀의 탄생 배경이 λλ‹€λŠ” μ–˜κΈ°λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:37
And when I was in Beloit, Wisconsin,
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λ²¨λ‘œμž‡μ—μ„œ μ €λŠ” 쀑학생듀을 λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ
00:40
I gave a public lecture to a group of middle school students.
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κ°•μ—°ν•  κΈ°νšŒκ°€ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:44
And I'm here to tell you,
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μ—¬λ‹΄μ΄μ§€λ§Œ 45λΆ„ λ™μ•ˆ
00:45
if there's anything more intimidating than talking here at TED,
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12μ‚΄μ§œλ¦¬ 학생 천 μ—¬λͺ…을 μƒλŒ€ν•˜λŠ” 것은
00:48
it'll be trying to hold the attention
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μ—¬κΈ° TEDμ—μ„œ κ°•μ—°ν•˜λŠ” 것보닀
00:50
of a group of a thousand 12-year-olds for a 45-minute lecture.
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훨씬 더 νž˜λ“  κ²½ν—˜μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:54
Don't try that one.
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μ›¬λ§Œν•˜λ©΄ ν”Όν•˜μ‹œκΈ° λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:56
At the end of the lecture they asked a number of questions,
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제 강연이 λλ‚˜κ³  μ €λŠ” ν•™μƒλ“€λ‘œλΆ€ν„° μ—¬λŸ¬ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ λ°›μ•˜λŠ”λ° κ·Έ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ”
00:59
but there was one that's really stuck with me since then.
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μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€λ„ μžŠν˜€μ§€μ§€ μ•Šμ„ μ •λ„λ‘œ 맀우 μΈμƒμ μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:02
There was a young girl who stood up,
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μ–΄λ–€ μ—¬ν•™μƒμ˜ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ΄μ—ˆλŠ”λ° κ·Έ 학생은 μžλ¦¬μ—μ„œ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λ”λ‹ˆ
01:04
and she asked the question:
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λ‹€μŒκ³Ό 같이 μ§ˆλ¬Έν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€:
01:06
"Where should we explore?"
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"μ–΄λ””λ₯Ό νƒν—˜ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λ‚˜μš”?"
01:08
I think there's a sense that many of us have
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λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μ§€κ΅¬μ—μ„œ νƒν—˜μ˜ μ‹œλŒ€κ°€ 끝났닀고 μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:10
that the great age of exploration on Earth is over,
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μ•žμœΌλ‘œ μ§„μ •ν•œ νƒν—˜μ„ ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„ 
01:13
that for the next generation
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우주둜 λ‚˜μ•„κ°€κ±°λ‚˜
01:14
they're going to have to go to outer space or the deepest oceans
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아무도 가보지 λͺ»ν•œ 심해λ₯Ό
01:18
in order to find something significant to explore.
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탐사해야 ν•œλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:20
But is that really the case?
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 정말 κ·ΈλŸ΄κΉŒμš”?
01:23
Is there really nowhere significant for us to explore
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지ꡬ상에 νƒν—˜ν•  κ°€μΉ˜κ°€ μžˆλŠ” 것듀은 μ •λ§λ‘œ
01:26
left here on Earth?
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더 이상 μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” κ²ƒμΌκΉŒμš”?
01:27
It sort of made me think back
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이에 λŒ€ν•΄ κ³ λ―Όν•˜λ©΄μ„œ μ €λŠ”
01:29
to one of my favorite explorers in the history of biology.
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생물학 역사상 μ œκ°€ κ°€μž₯ μ’‹μ•„ν•˜λŠ” νƒν—˜κ°€λ“€ 쀑 ν•œ λͺ…인
01:31
This is an explorer of the unseen world, Martinus Beijerinck.
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λ§ˆλ£¨ν‹°λˆ„μŠ€ 베이제린크λ₯Ό μƒκ°ν•˜κ²Œ λμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:35
So Beijerinck set out to discover the cause
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λ―Έμ‹œμ„Έκ³„ νƒν—˜κ°€μΈ λ§ˆλ£¨ν‹°λˆ„μŠ€ λ² μ΄μ œλ¦°ν¬λŠ” λ‹΄λ°° λͺ¨μžμ΄ν¬λ³‘μ˜
01:37
of tobacco mosaic disease.
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원인을 규λͺ…ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ κ°μ—Όλœ λ‹΄λ°°μžŽμ—μ„œ μΆ”μΆœν•œ 즙을
01:40
What he did is he took the infected juice from tobacco plants
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μ—¬κ³Ό μž₯μΉ˜μ— μ—¬λŸ¬ 번 ν†΅κ³Όμ‹œν‚€λŠ” μ‹€ν—˜μ„ μ§„ν–‰ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:43
and he would filter it through smaller and smaller filters.
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λ‹Ήμ‹œμ—λŠ” λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„κ°€ μ„Έμƒμ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ μž‘μ€
01:46
And he reached the point
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생λͺ…체라고 μƒκ°ν–ˆλŠ”λ°
01:48
where he felt that there must be something out there
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λ² μ΄μ œλ¦°ν¬λŠ” 즙을 점점 더 λ―Έμ„Έν•œ μ—¬κ³Ό μž₯μΉ˜μ—
01:51
that was smaller than the smallest forms of life that were ever known --
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ν†΅κ³Όμ‹œν‚€λ©΄μ„œ λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„λ³΄λ‹€λ„ 더 μž‘μ€ 무언가가
01:54
bacteria, at the time.
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μ‘΄μž¬ν•΄μ•Όλ§Œ ν•œλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•˜κ²Œ λ¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:56
He came up with a name for his mystery agent.
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κ·ΈλŠ” 이 수수께끼 같은 쑴재λ₯Ό
01:59
He called it the virus --
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λ°”μ΄λŸ¬μŠ€λΌκ³  λΆˆλ €μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:01
Latin for "poison."
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λΌν‹΄μ–΄λ‘œ 독약을 μ˜λ―Έν•˜μ£ .
02:04
And in uncovering viruses,
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λ°”μ΄λŸ¬μŠ€κ°€ λ°œκ²¬λ˜λ©΄μ„œ
02:07
Beijerinck really opened this entirely new world for us.
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λ² μ΄μ œλ¦°ν¬λŠ” μš°λ¦¬λ“€μ—κ²Œ 이런 μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 세상을 μ—΄μ–΄μ£Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:10
We now know that viruses make up the majority
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이제 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ°”μ΄λŸ¬μŠ€κ°€ 지ꡬ상
02:12
of the genetic information on our planet,
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λ‹€λ₯Έ 생λͺ…μ²΄λ“€μ˜ μœ μ „ 정보λ₯Ό λͺ¨λ‘ ν•©μΉœ 것보닀도
02:14
more than the genetic information
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더 λ§Žμ€ μœ μ „ 정보λ₯Ό μ§€λ‹ˆκ³  μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 사싀을
02:16
of all other forms of life combined.
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μ•Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:18
And obviously there's been tremendous practical applications
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λ°”μ΄λŸ¬μŠ€λ₯Ό μ‹€μƒν™œμ— μ‘μš©ν•œ μ˜ˆλŠ”
02:21
associated with this world --
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μˆ˜λ„ 없이 λ§ŽμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:22
things like the eradication of smallpox,
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λ°”μ΄λŸ¬μŠ€λ₯Ό 톡해 μ²œμ—°λ‘κ°€ 근절됐고
02:25
the advent of a vaccine against cervical cancer,
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μžκΆκ²½λΆ€μ•” 백신이 κ°œλ°œλμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:28
which we now know is mostly caused by human papillomavirus.
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그리고 이제 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ•Œλ“―μ΄ μžκΆκ²½λΆ€μ•”μ€ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„ μΈμœ λ‘μ’… λ°”μ΄λŸ¬μŠ€μ— μ˜ν•΄ λ°œμƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:32
And Beijerinck's discovery,
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그리고 λ² μ΄μ œλ¦°ν¬κ°€
02:34
this was not something that occurred 500 years ago.
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λ°”μ΄λŸ¬μŠ€λ₯Ό λ°œκ²¬ν•œ 것은 500λ…„ μ „μ˜ 일이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:36
It was a little over 100 years ago
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λ² μ΄μ œλ¦°ν¬κ°€ λ°”μ΄λŸ¬μŠ€λ₯Ό λ°œκ²¬ν•œκ²ƒμ€
02:39
that Beijerinck discovered viruses.
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뢈과 100μ—¬ λ…„ μ „μ˜ 일이죠.
02:41
So basically we had automobiles,
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이미 μžλ™μ°¨κΉŒμ§€ 발λͺ…λœ μ‹œλŒ€μ—
02:43
but we were unaware of the forms of life
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거의 λͺ¨λ“  μœ μ „ 정보λ₯Ό λ‹΄κ³  μžˆλŠ”
02:45
that make up most of the genetic information on our planet.
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λ°”μ΄λŸ¬μŠ€μ˜ μ‘΄μž¬λŠ” λͺ°λžλ˜ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:48
We now have these amazing tools
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이제 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ꡉμž₯ν•œ 도ꡬλ₯Ό ν†΅ν•΄μ„œ
02:51
to allow us to explore the unseen world --
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보이지 μ•ŠλŠ” 세계λ₯Ό νƒν—˜ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:53
things like deep sequencing,
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λ”₯ μ‹œν€€μ‹±κ³Ό 같은 기법을 톡해
02:55
which allow us to do much more than just skim the surface
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λ‹¨μˆœνžˆ μˆ˜λ°• 겉 ν•₯κΈ°μ‹μœΌλ‘œ νŠΉμ • μ’…μ˜
02:59
and look at individual genomes from a particular species,
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μœ μ „ 정보듀을 ν•˜λ‚˜ν•˜λ‚˜μ”© λΆ„μ„ν•˜λŠ” 것을 λ– λ‚˜
03:02
but to look at entire metagenomes,
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λ©”νƒ€κ²Œλ†ˆμ΄λΌλŠ” κ°œλ…μ„ 톡해
03:04
the communities of teeming microorganisms in, on and around us
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우리 주변에 μžˆλŠ” 미생물듀을 μ§‘ν•©μ μœΌλ‘œ λΆ„μ„ν•˜κ³ 
03:08
and to document all of the genetic information in these species.
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λ°©λŒ€ν•œ μœ μ „ 정보λ₯Ό λͺ¨λ‘ 기둝할 수 있게 λμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:12
We can apply these techniques
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이런 기법듀은
03:13
to things from soil to skin and everything in between.
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ν† μ–‘, ν”ΌλΆ€ λ“± 거의 λͺ¨λ“  것에 ν™œμš©ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:18
In my organization we now do this on a regular basis
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μ œκ°€ μΌν•˜λŠ” 곳에선 주기적으둜
03:21
to identify the causes of outbreaks
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이런 기법듀을 μ΄μš©ν•΄ 원인이 뢈λͺ…ν™•ν•œ
03:23
that are unclear exactly what causes them.
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μ§ˆλ³‘μ˜ λ°œλ³‘ μš”μΈμ„ μ°Ύμ•„λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:26
And just to give you a sense of how this works,
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μ’€ 더 μ‰½κ²Œ μ„€λͺ…ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ§€κΈˆ 여기에 계신
03:29
imagine that we took a nasal swab from every single one of you.
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ν•œλΆ„ ν•œλΆ„μœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° 콧속 뢄비물을 μˆ˜μ§‘ν–ˆλ‹€κ³  μΉ©μ‹œλ‹€.
03:32
And this is something we commonly do
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그리고 이것은 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μΈν”Œλ£¨μ—”μžκ°™μ€
03:33
to look for respiratory viruses like influenza.
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호흑기 λ°”μ΄λŸ¬μŠ€μ˜ 쑴재λ₯Ό νŒŒμ•…ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ ν”νžˆ ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:36
The first thing we would see
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 처음으둜 보게 λ˜λŠ”κ²ƒμ€
03:38
is a tremendous amount of genetic information.
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μ—„μ²­λ‚œ μ–‘μ˜ μœ μ „ μ •λ³΄λ“€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:41
And if we started looking into that genetic information,
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κ·Έ μœ μ „ 정보듀을 듀여닀보면
03:43
we'd see a number of usual suspects out there --
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ν”νžˆ μžˆλŠ” 정보듀을 λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:46
of course, a lot of human genetic information,
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μΈκ°„μ˜ μœ μ „ μ •λ³΄λŠ” 물둠이고
03:48
but also bacterial and viral information,
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일반적으둜 인체에 λ¬΄ν•΄ν•œ κ²ƒλ“€λ‘œλΆ€ν„°μ˜
03:50
mostly from things that are completely harmless within your nose.
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λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„μ™€ λ°”μ΄λŸ¬μŠ€ 정보듀도 μ°Ύμ•„λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:54
But we'd also see something very, very surprising.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이 외에 맀우 λ†€λΌμš΄ 사싀을 λ°œκ²¬ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:57
As we started to look at this information,
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λ°”λ‘œ μˆ˜μ§‘ν•œ μœ μ „ μ •λ³΄μ˜ μ•½ 20%λŠ”
03:59
we would see that about 20 percent of the genetic information in your nose
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ•Œκ³  μžˆλŠ” κ·Έ μ–΄λ–€ μœ μ „ 정보와도 μΌμΉ˜ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:03
doesn't match anything that we've ever seen before --
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식물, 동물, 곰팑이, λ°”μ΄λŸ¬μŠ€, λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„λ„ μ•„λ‹Œ
04:06
no plant, animal, fungus, virus or bacteria.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ κ²ƒμ˜ μœ μ „ 정보인 것이죠.
04:09
Basically we have no clue what this is.
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이것이 무엇인지에 λŒ€ν•œ λ‹¨μ„œλŠ” μ „ν˜€ μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:13
And for the small group of us who actually study this kind of data,
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λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 이런 자료λ₯Ό λΆ„μ„ν•˜λŠ” 일뢀 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€
04:17
a few of us have actually begun to call this information
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이 μ•Œ 수 μ—†λŠ” μœ μ „ 정보λ₯Ό
04:20
biological dark matter.
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생물학적 μ•”ν‘λ¬Όμ§ˆλ‘œ λΆ€λ₯΄κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:23
We know it's not anything that we've seen before;
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생물학적 μ•”ν‘λ¬Όμ§ˆμ€ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 과거에 λ°œκ²¬ν•œ 것과 μ „ν˜€ λ‹€λ₯Έ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:26
it's sort of the equivalent of an uncharted continent
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μœ μ „ 정보 지도상에 μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”
04:29
right within our own genetic information.
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μ‹ λŒ€λ₯™μ΄λΌκ³  ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:32
And there's a lot of it.
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그리고 κ·Έκ²ƒμ˜ 양은 λ§ŽμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:33
If you think 20 percent of genetic information in your nose is a lot
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콧속 뢄비물을 λΆ„μ„ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έ 쀑 20%λŠ” 뭔지 μ•Œ 수 μ—†λ‹€κ³ 
04:36
of biological dark matter,
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μƒκ°ν–ˆλ‹€λ©΄
04:38
if we looked at your gut,
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μž₯ 속 λΆ„λΉ„λ¬Όμ˜ κ²½μš°μ—”
04:40
up to 40 or 50 percent of that information is biological dark matter.
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40%μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ 50%κ°€ 생물학적 μ•”ν‘λ¬Όμ§ˆμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:43
And even in the relatively sterile blood,
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μƒλŒ€μ μœΌλ‘œ 무균 μƒνƒœμΈ ν˜ˆμ•‘λ„ μžμ„Ένžˆ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄λ©΄
04:46
around one to two percent of this information is dark matter --
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1%μ—μ„œ 2%λŠ” 이 생물학적 μ•”ν‘λ¬Όμ§ˆμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:49
can't be classified, can't be typed or matched with anything we've seen before.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μœ μ „ μ •λ³΄λŠ” μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λΆ„λ₯˜ν•  방법도 μ—†κ³  μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 봀던 λ‹€λ₯Έ μœ μ „ μ •λ³΄λž‘ λ“€μ–΄λ§žμ§€λ„ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:53
At first we thought that perhaps this was artifact.
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μ²˜μŒμ—λŠ” 이 μœ μ „ 정보가 인곡적인 산물이라고 μƒκ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:56
These deep sequencing tools are relatively new.
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λ”₯ μ‹œν€€μ‹±μ€ μƒλŒ€μ μœΌλ‘œ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ κΈ°λ²•μ΄μ—ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:59
But as they become more and more accurate,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ”₯ μ‹œν€€μ‹±μ˜ 정확성이 점점 더 λ†’μ•„μ§€λ©΄μ„œ
05:01
we've determined that this information is a form of life,
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이 μœ μ „ μ •λ³΄μ˜ μ „λΆ€λŠ” μ•„λ‹ˆλ”λΌλ„ μΌλΆ€λŠ” μ–΄λ–€ 생λͺ…μ²΄μ˜ 쑴재λ₯Ό
05:05
or at least some of it is a form of life.
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μ‹œμ‚¬ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 점을 ν™•μ‹ ν•˜κ²Œ λμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:08
And while the hypotheses for explaining the existence of biological dark matter
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생물학적 μ•”ν‘λ¬Όμ§ˆμ˜ 싀체λ₯Ό μ„€λͺ…ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ 가섀은
05:12
are really only in their infancy,
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아직 걸음마 λ‹¨κ³„μ§€λ§Œ
05:14
there's a very, very exciting possibility that exists:
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정말 μ—„μ²­λ‚œ κ°€λŠ₯성이 μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:18
that buried in this life, in this genetic information,
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λ°”λ‘œ 생물학적 μ•”ν‘λ¬Όμ§ˆμ—μ„œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ—¬νƒœκΉŒμ§€ λ°œκ²¬ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•œ
05:21
are signatures of as of yet unidentified life.
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 생λͺ…μ˜ 흔적을 찾을지도 λͺ¨λ₯Έλ‹€λŠ” μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:26
That as we explore these strings of A's, T's, C's and G's,
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이 μœ μ „μžμ˜ A, C, T, 그리고 G의 쀄을 νƒν—˜ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ
05:29
we may uncover a completely new class of life
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λ² μ΄μ œλ¦°ν¬κ°€ κ·Έλž¬λ“―μ΄ 생물학에 λŒ€ν•œ
05:33
that, like Beijerinck, will fundamentally change
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우리의 생각을 근본쑱으둜 λ°”κΏ€
05:35
the way that we think about the nature of biology.
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μ™„μ „νžˆ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ 생λͺ…체λ₯Ό λ°œκ²¬ν• μ§€λ„ λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:37
That perhaps will allow us to identify the cause of a cancer that afflicts us
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이λ₯Ό 톡해 μ•”μ˜ 원인을 μ°Ύμ•„λ‚΄κ±°λ‚˜
05:42
or identify the source of an outbreak that we aren't familiar with
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λΆˆλΆ„λͺ…ν–ˆλ˜ μ§ˆλ³‘μ˜ 원인을 ν™•μ‹€νžˆ 규λͺ…ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜
05:45
or perhaps create a new tool in molecular biology.
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λΆ„μžμƒλ¬Όν•™ 연ꡬ에 ν•„μš”ν•œ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 도ꡬλ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€ μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:48
I'm pleased to announce that,
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μ €λŠ”
05:50
along with colleagues at Stanford and Caltech and UCSF,
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μŠ€νƒ ν¬λ“œ, μΊ˜λ¦¬ν¬λ‹ˆμ•„ κ³΅λŒ€, 그리고 UCSF에 μžˆλŠ” μ—°κ΅¬μžλ“€κ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜
05:55
we're currently starting an initiative
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생물학적 μ•”ν‘λ¬Όμ§ˆμ„ 뢄석해
05:57
to explore biological dark matter for the existence of new forms of life.
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 생λͺ…체λ₯Ό μ°ΎκΈ° μœ„ν•œ λ…Έλ ₯을 μ§„ν–‰ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€κ³  λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦΄ 수 있게 λ˜μ–΄μ„œ κΈ°μ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:01
A little over a hundred years ago,
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100λ…„ 보닀 쑰금 더 μ „μ—λŠ”
06:03
people were unaware of viruses,
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μ§€κ΅¬μ˜ 거의 λͺ¨λ“ 
06:05
the forms of life that make up most of the genetic information on our planet.
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μœ μ „ 정보λ₯Ό κ΅¬μ„±ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” 생물체인 λ°”μ΄λŸ¬μŠ€λ₯Ό μ•Œκ³  μžˆμ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:10
A hundred years from now, people may marvel
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λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€λ‘œ μ–΄μ©Œλ©΄ μ§€κΈˆμœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° 100λ…„ 뒀에 후세듀은
06:12
that we were perhaps completely unaware of a new class of life
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ 생λͺ…체λ₯Ό μ½” μ•žμ— 두고도
06:16
that literally was right under our noses.
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그것을 λ°œκ²¬ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆλŠ”지 λ†€λΌμ›Œ 할지도 λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:19
It's true, we may have charted all the continents on the planet
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μ§€κ΅¬μƒμ˜ λͺ¨λ“  μœ‘μ§€λ₯Ό μ •λ³΅ν•˜κ³ 
06:22
and we may have discovered all the mammals that are out there,
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지ꡬ상에 μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  ν¬μœ λ™λ¬Όλ“€μ„ λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμ„μ§€λ„ λͺ¨λ₯΄μ§€λ§Œ
06:25
but that doesn't mean that there's nothing left to explore on Earth.
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€κ³  μ§€κ΅¬μƒμ—μ„œ 더 이상 νƒν—˜ν•  것이 μ—†λŠ” 것은 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:29
Beijerinck and his kind
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λ² μ΄μ œλ¦°ν¬μ™€ 그와 같은 μ„ κ΅¬μžλ“€μ€
06:31
provide an important lesson for the next generation of explorers --
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μ°¨μ„ΈλŒ€ νƒν—˜κ°€λ“€μ„ μœ„ν•œ μ€‘μš”ν•œ κ΅ν›ˆμ„ μ œκ³΅ν•΄μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:35
people like that young girl from Beloit, Wisconsin.
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제게 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ ν–ˆλ˜ λ²¨λ‘œμž‡μ˜ 여학생과 같은 μ°¨μ„ΈλŒ€λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:38
And I think if we phrase that lesson, it's something like this:
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κ·Έ κ΅ν›ˆμ„ μš”μ•½ν•˜μžλ©΄ λ‹€μŒκ³Ό 같을 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€:
06:42
Don't assume that what we currently think is out there is the full story.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ•Œκ³  μžˆλŠ” 것이 전뢀일 κ²ƒμ΄λΌλŠ” 생각을 버렀라.
06:46
Go after the dark matter in whatever field you choose to explore.
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μ–΄λ–€ λΆ„μ•Όλ₯Ό νƒν—˜ν•˜μžκ³  μ„ νƒν•˜λ“  μ•”ν‘λ¬Όμ§ˆμ„ 파고 듀어라.
06:51
There are unknowns all around us
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μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ μ•Œλ €μ§€μ§€ μ•Šμ€ 것은 μš°λ¦¬μ£Όμœ„ λͺ¨λ“  곳에 있고
06:53
and they're just waiting to be discovered.
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그런 것듀은 λ°œκ²¬λ˜μ–΄μ§€κΈ°λ₯Ό 기닀리고 μžˆλ‹€.
06:56
Thank you.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:57
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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