You aren't at the mercy of your emotions -- your brain creates them | Lisa Feldman Barrett

2,184,074 views ใƒป 2018-01-23

TED


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚

็ฟป่จณ: Naoko Fujii ๆ กๆญฃ: Moe Shoji
00:12
My research lab sits about a mile from where several bombs exploded
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็งใฎ็ ”็ฉถๅฎคใ‹ใ‚‰1.5ใ‚ญใƒญ็จ‹ใฎๆ‰€ใง ใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ™‚ ็ˆ†ๅผพใƒ†ใƒญใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ—ใŸ
00:17
during the Boston Marathon in 2013.
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2013ๅนดใฎใƒœใ‚นใƒˆใƒณใƒžใƒฉใ‚ฝใƒณใฎๆ™‚ใงใ™
00:21
The surviving bomber, Dzhokhar Tsarnaev of Chechnya,
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็ˆ†ๅผพใ‚’ไป•ๆŽ›ใ‘็”Ÿใๆฎ‹ใฃใŸใƒใ‚งใƒใ‚งใƒณไบบใฎ ใ‚ธใƒงใƒใƒซใƒปใƒ„ใ‚กใƒซใƒŠใ‚จใƒ•ใฏ
00:24
was tried, convicted and sentenced to death.
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่ฃๅˆคใซใ‚ˆใ‚Šๆœ‰็ฝชใจใชใฃใฆ ๆญปๅˆ‘ใ‚’ๅฎฃๅ‘Šใ•ใ‚Œใพใ—ใŸ
00:28
Now, when a jury has to make the decision
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ใ•ใฆ ้™ชๅฏฉๅ“กๅ›ฃใŒ
00:31
between life in prison and the death penalty,
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็ต‚่บซๅˆ‘ใ‹ ๆญปๅˆ‘ใ‹ใ‚’ ๆฑบใ‚ใญใฐใชใ‚‰ใชใ„ๆ™‚
00:34
they base their decision largely on whether or not the defendant
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒไธปใซ ๅˆคๆ–ญใฎใ‚ˆใ‚Šใฉใ“ใ‚ใซใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ
00:39
feels remorseful for his actions.
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่ขซๅ‘ŠใŒ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ่กŒใ„ใ‚’ ๆ‚”ใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ๅฆใ‹ใงใ™
00:42
Tsarnaev spoke words of apology,
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ใƒ„ใ‚กใƒซใƒŠใ‚จใƒ•ใฏ่ฌ็ฝชใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ ๅฃใซใฏใ—ใพใ—ใŸใŒ
00:44
but when jurors looked at his face,
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้™ชๅฏฉๅ“กใŒ่ฆ‹ใŸๅฝผใฏ
00:47
all they saw was a stone-faced stare.
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ใŸใ ็„ก่กจๆƒ…ใงใ˜ใฃใจ ็›ฎใ‚’ๅ‡ใ‚‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใŸใฎใงใ™
00:52
Now, Tsarnaev is guilty, there's no doubt about that.
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ใƒ„ใ‚กใƒซใƒŠใ‚จใƒ•ใฏๆœ‰็ฝชใงใ™ ใใ“ใซ็–‘ใ„ใฎไฝ™ๅœฐใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
00:55
He murdered and maimed innocent people,
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ๅฝผใฏ็ฝชใฎใชใ„ไบบใ€…ใ‚’ๆฎบๅฎณใ— ๅพŒ้บ็—‡ใ‚’่ฒ ใ‚ใ›ใŸใฎใงใ™
00:59
and I'm not here to debate that.
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็งใŒ่ญฐ่ซ–ใ—ใŸใ„ใฎใฏ ใใ“ใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
01:01
My heart goes out to all the people who suffered.
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่ขซๅฎณ่€…ใฎๆ–นใ€…ใฎใ“ใจใ‚’ ๅฟƒใ‹ใ‚‰ใŠๆฐ—ใฎๆฏ’ใซๆ€ใ„ใพใ™
01:04
But as a scientist, I have to tell you
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—็ง‘ๅญฆ่€…ใฎ็งใŒ ็”ณใ—ไธŠใ’ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ‘ใชใ„ใฎใฏ
01:07
that jurors do not and cannot detect remorse
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ไป–ไบบใฎๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ‚’่ชญใฟๅ–ใ‚‹ใชใ‚“ใฆ ้™ชๅฏฉๅ“กใซใฏๅ‡บๆฅใฃใ“ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™
01:11
or any other emotion in anybody ever.
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ๆ‚”ๆจใฉใ“ใ‚ใ‹ ใฉใ‚“ใชๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ‚‚ ็›ธๆ‰‹ใŒ่ชฐใงใ‚ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใงใ™
01:16
Neither can I, and neither can you,
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็งใซใ‚‚ ใ‚ใชใŸใซใ‚‚ ใงใใพใ›ใ‚“
01:19
and that's because emotions are not what we think they are.
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ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใฏ ็ง้”ใŒๆ€ใ†ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใฏ ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™
01:22
They are not universally expressed and recognized.
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่กจใ‚Œๆ–นใ‚„่ช่ญ˜ใฎใ•ใ‚Œๆ–นใฏ ไธ‡ๅ›ฝๅ…ฑ้€šใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
01:26
They are not hardwired brain reactions
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่„ณใฎ็”Ÿๆฅ็š„ๅๅฟœใงๅˆถๅพกไธ่ƒฝใจ ใ„ใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
01:30
that are uncontrollable.
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01:32
We have misunderstood the nature of emotion
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็ง้”ใฏ็›ธๅฝ“้•ทใ„้–“ ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใฎๆ€ง่ณชใ‚’่ชค่งฃใ—ใฆใใพใ—ใŸ
01:35
for a very long time,
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01:37
and understanding what emotions really are has important consequences for all of us.
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ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใจใฏไธ€ไฝ“ไฝ•ใชใฎใ‹ใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹ไบบใซใจใฃใฆ้‡่ฆใงใ™
01:43
I have studied emotions as a scientist for the past 25 years,
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็งใฏ็ง‘ๅญฆ่€…ใจใ—ใฆ ใ“ใ“25ๅนดใปใฉ ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ‚’็ ”็ฉถใ—ใฆใใพใ—ใŸ
01:47
and in my lab, we have probed human faces by measuring electrical signals
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็งใฎ็ ”็ฉถๅฎคใงใฏ ไบบใฎ้ก”ใ‚’็ ”็ฉถๅฏพ่ฑกใซใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
้ก”ใฎ็ญ‹่‚‰ใ‚’ๅŽ็ธฎใ•ใ›ใฆ ่กจๆƒ…ใ‚’็”Ÿใฟๅ‡บใ™ ้›ปๆฐ—ไฟกๅทใ‚’ๆธฌๅฎšใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™
01:53
that cause your facial muscles to contract to make facial expressions.
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01:57
We have scrutinized the human body in emotion.
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็ง้”ใฏ ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใŒใ‚ใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆ™‚ใฎ ไบบไฝ“ใฎๆง˜ๅญใ‚’่ฉณใ—ใ่ชฟในใฆใใพใ—ใŸ
02:01
We have analyzed hundreds of physiology studies
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ไฝ•็™พใ‚‚ใฎ็”Ÿ็†ๅญฆ็š„็ ”็ฉถใ‚’ๅˆ†ๆžใ—ใพใ—ใŸ
02:05
involving thousands of test subjects.
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ๅฏพ่ฑก่€…ใฏไฝ•ๅƒไบบใซใ‚‚ใฎใผใ‚Šใพใ™
02:08
We've scanned hundreds of brains,
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ไฝ•็™พใ‚‚ใฎ่„ณใ‚’ใ‚นใ‚ญใƒฃใƒณใ—
02:09
and examined every brain imaging study on emotion
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ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใซ้–ขใ™ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹่„ณ็”ปๅƒ็ ”็ฉถใ‚’ ๆคœ่จผใ—ใพใ—ใŸ
02:13
that has been published in the past 20 years.
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้ŽๅŽป20ๅนดใซ็™บ่กจใ•ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‚ใฎๅ…จใฆใงใ™
02:15
And the results of all of this research are overwhelmingly consistent.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎ็ ”็ฉถใฎ็ตๆžœใฏ ่ฆ‹ไบ‹ใซไธ€่ฒซใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
02:22
It may feel to you like your emotions are hardwired
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็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใฏใพใ‚‹ใง ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใŒ็”Ÿใพใ‚Œใคใใฎใ‚‚ใฎใง
02:27
and they just trigger and happen to you,
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ไฝ•ใ‹ใฎใใฃใ‹ใ‘ใง ใใฎๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใŒใ‚ใใจ ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
02:30
but they don't.
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ใงใ‚‚้•ใ„ใพใ™
02:32
You might believe that your brain is prewired with emotion circuits,
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่„ณใซใฏๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ๅ›ž่ทฏใŒใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‹ใ˜ใ‚ ็ต„ใฟ่พผใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆ
02:38
that you're born with emotion circuits, but you're not.
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ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ๅ›ž่ทฏใฏ็”Ÿใพใ‚Œใคใใฎใ‚‚ใฎใจ ไฟกใ˜ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒ ้•ใ†ใ‚“ใงใ™
02:41
In fact, none of us in this room have emotion circuits in our brain.
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ๅฎŸใฏ ใ“ใฎไผšๅ ดใฎใฉใชใŸใฎ่„ณใซใ‚‚ ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ๅ›ž่ทฏใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
02:45
In fact, no brain on this planet contains emotion circuits.
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ใใ‚Œใฉใ“ใ‚ใ‹ ๅœฐ็ƒไธŠใฎ่ชฐใฎ่„ณใซใ‚‚ใชใ„ใ‚“ใงใ™
02:51
So what are emotions, really?
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ใ˜ใ‚ƒใ‚ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใฃใฆ ไธ€ไฝ“ไฝ•ใชใฎใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†๏ผŸ
02:55
Well, strap on your seat belt, because ...
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ใณใฃใใ‚Šใ—ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใญ ใ ใฃใฆใƒปใƒปใƒป
02:59
emotions are guesses.
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ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใจใฏ ๆŽจ่ซ–ใชใ‚“ใงใ™
03:02
They are guesses that your brain constructs in the moment
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่„ณใŒ็žฌ้–“็š„ใซไฝœใ‚Šใ‚ใ’ใ‚‹ ๆŽจ่ซ–ใงใ‚ใฃใฆ
03:08
where billions of brain cells are working together,
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ใใฎๆ™‚ ไฝ•ๅๅ„„ใ‚‚ใฎ่„ณ็ดฐ่ƒžใŒ ไธ€็ท’ใซๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™
03:12
and you have more control over those guesses
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ใใ—ใฆ็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใฏ ใใ†ใ„ใฃใŸๆŽจ่ซ–ใ‚’
03:15
than you might imagine that you do.
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ไบˆๆƒณใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ‚Š ใ‚‚ใฃใจๅˆถๅพกใงใใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™
03:19
Now, if that sounds preposterous to you, or, you know, kind of crazy,
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ้ฆฌ้นฟใ’ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ‹ ใ‚ฏใƒฌใ‚คใ‚ธใƒผใ ใจใ‹ ๆ€ใฃใŸใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹
03:23
I'm right there with you, because frankly, if I hadn't seen the evidence for myself,
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็งใ‚‚ใใ†ใงใ™ ๆญฃ็›ดใชใจใ“ใ‚ ่จผๆ‹ ใ‚’ใ“ใฎ็›ฎใง โ€•
03:27
decades of evidence for myself,
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ไฝ•ๅๅนดใซใ‚‚ใ‚ใŸใ‚‹่จผๆ‹ ใ‚’ ่ฆ‹ใฆใใฆใ„ใชใ‹ใฃใŸใ‚‰
03:29
I am fairly sure that I wouldn't believe it either.
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็ตถๅฏพใซ ็งใ‚‚ไฟกใ˜ใชใ„ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
03:32
But the bottom line is that emotions are not built into your brain at birth.
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ใงใ‚‚็ซฏ็š„ใซ่จ€ใ†ใจ ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใฏ็”Ÿใพใ‚Œใคใ ่„ณใซ็ต„ใฟ่พผใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹่จณใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
03:39
They are just built.
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ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใฏๆง‹็ฏ‰ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™
03:43
To see what I mean, have a look at this.
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ใฉใ†ใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ‹ใจใ„ใ†ใจ ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ใ”่ฆงใใ ใ•ใ„
03:46
Right now, your brain is working like crazy.
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ใŸใฃใŸไปŠ ็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใฎ่„ณใฏ ๅฟ…ๆญปใงๅƒใ„ใฆใ„ใพใ™
03:51
Your neurons are firing like mad trying to make meaning out of this
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ใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใƒญใƒณใฏ็‹‚ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็™บ็ซใ— ใ“ใ‚Œใซๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ„ๅ‡บใใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
03:55
so that you see something other than black and white blobs.
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็™ฝ้ป’ใฎๆ–‘็‚นไปฅๅค–ใฎไฝ•ใ‹ใ‚’ ่ฆ‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใจใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™
03:58
Your brain is sifting through a lifetime of experience,
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่„ณใฏใ“ใ‚Œใพใงใฎไบบ็”Ÿใง็ตŒ้จ“ใ—ใŸใ“ใจใ‚’ ๅ…ฅๅฟตใซใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ—ใฆ
04:03
making thousands of guesses at the same time,
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ไฝ•ๅƒใ‚‚ใฎๆŽจ่ซ–ใ‚’ ๅŒๆ™‚ใซ่กŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
04:05
weighing the probabilities,
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ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใ‚’ๆฏ”่ผƒๆคœ่จŽใ—
04:08
trying to answer the question,
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่งฃใ‚’ๅ‡บใใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
04:09
"What is this most like?"
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ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใฏ ไฝ•ใซไธ€็•ชไผผใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
04:12
not "What is it?"
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ใ€Œใ“ใ‚Œใฏไฝ•ใ‹๏ผŸใ€ใงใฏใชใ
04:13
but "What is this most like in my past experience?"
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ใ€Œ็งใฎ้ŽๅŽปใฎ็ตŒ้จ“ใฎใ†ใกใง ไฝ•ใซไธ€็•ชไผผใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹๏ผŸใ€
04:16
And this is all happening in the blink of an eye.
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ใใ—ใฆใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅ…จ้ƒจ ใพใฐใŸใใ™ใ‚‹้–“ใซ่ตทใใฆใ„ใพใ™
04:19
Now if your brain is still struggling to find a good match
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ไปŠ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่„ณใŒ ใดใฃใŸใ‚Šใใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ‚’ ่ฆ‹ใคใ‘ใ‚‹ใฎใซใพใ ่‹ฆๅŠดใ—ใฆใ„ใฆ
04:24
and you still see black and white blobs,
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ใพใ ็™ฝใจ้ป’ใฎๆ–‘็‚นใ—ใ‹ ็›ฎใซๅ…ฅใ‚‰ใชใ„ใชใ‚‰
04:27
then you are in a state called "experiential blindness,"
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฏใ€Œ็ตŒ้จ“็›ฒใ€ใจ่จ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚‹็Šถๆ…‹ใซ ้™ฅใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™
04:31
and I am going to cure you of your blindness.
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ็ตŒ้จ“็›ฒใ‚’ ๆฒปใ—ใฆใ‚ใ’ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
04:35
This is my favorite part. Are you ready to be cured?
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒ็ง ๅคงๅฅฝใใชใฎใ‚ˆ ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹ ๆฒปใ—ใพใ™ใ‚ˆ๏ผŸ
04:37
(Cheers)
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๏ผˆๆญ“ๅฃฐ๏ผ‰
04:39
All right. Here we go.
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ไบ†่งฃ ใงใฏใฉใ†ใž
04:43
(Gasps)
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๏ผˆๆฏใ‚’ใฎใ‚€๏ผ‰
04:48
All right.
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ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใญ
04:49
So now many of you see a snake,
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ไปŠ ๅคšใใฎๆ–นใซใฏ ่›‡ใŒ่ฆ‹ใˆใฆใ„ใพใ™
04:54
and why is that?
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ใชใœใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†๏ผŸ
04:55
Because as your brain is sifting through your past experience,
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ใชใœใชใ‚‰ ็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใฎ่„ณใŒ ้ŽๅŽปใฎ็ตŒ้จ“ใ‚’ใƒใ‚งใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใซใ‚ใŸใ‚Š
05:00
there's new knowledge there,
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ไปŠใฏๆ–ฐใ—ใ„็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™
05:01
the knowledge that came from the photograph.
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ใ‚ใฎๅ†™็œŸใ‹ใ‚‰ๅพ—ใŸ็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใงใ™
05:04
And what's really cool is that
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ๅฎŸใซใ™ใ”ใ„ใฎใฏ
05:06
that knowledge which you just acquired moments ago
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็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใŒใปใ‚“ใฎไธ€็žฌๅ‰ใซ ็ฒๅพ—ใ—ใŸ็Ÿฅ่ญ˜ใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ
05:09
is changing how you experience these blobs right now.
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ใ“ใฎๆ–‘็‚นใ‚’ใฉใ†ไฝ“้จ“ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใŒ ไปŠใพใ•ใซๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™
05:15
So your brain is constructing the image of a snake
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็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใฎ่„ณใฏ ่›‡ใฎใ‚คใƒกใƒผใ‚ธใ‚’
05:18
where there is no snake,
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ๅฎŸ็‰ฉใŒใ„ใชใ„ใฎใซ ไฝœใ‚Šใ‚ใ’ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใ™
05:20
and this kind of a hallucination
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ใ“ใฎ็จฎใฎ้Œฏ่ฆšใ‚’
05:23
is what neuroscientists like me call "predictions."
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็งใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช็ฅž็ตŒ็ง‘ๅญฆ่€…ใฏ ใ€Œไบˆๆธฌใ€ใจๅ‘ผใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™
05:26
Predictions are basically the way your brain works.
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ไบˆๆธฌใฏ ่„ณใŒ ๆ™ฎๆฎตใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใงใ™
05:30
It's business as usual for your brain.
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่„ณใซใจใฃใฆใฏๆ—ฅๅธธ่Œถ้ฃฏไบ‹ใชใ‚“ใงใ™
05:33
Predictions are the basis of every experience that you have.
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ไบˆๆธฌใฏ ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹็ตŒ้จ“ใฎๅŸบ็คŽใง
05:36
They are the basis of every action that you take.
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ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹่กŒๅ‹•ใฎๅŸบ็คŽใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
05:39
In fact, predictions are what allow you to understand the words that I'm speaking
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ๅฎŸ้š› ไบˆๆธฌใฎใŠใ‹ใ’ใง็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใฏ ็งใฎ่ฉฑใ™่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’็†่งฃใงใใ‚‹ใ‚“ใงใ™
05:44
as they come out of my --
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่จ€่‘‰ใŒๅ‡บใฆใใ‚‹ใฎใฏ็งใฎใƒปใƒปใƒป
05:47
Audience: Mouth. Lisa Feldman Barrett: Mouth. Exactly.
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๏ผˆ่ฆณๅฎข๏ผ‰ๅฃใ‹ใ‚‰๏ผ ๏ผˆใƒชใ‚ตใƒปใƒ•ใ‚งใƒซใƒ‰ใƒžใƒณใƒปใƒใƒฌใƒƒใƒˆ๏ผ‰ใใ† ๅฃใงใ™
05:49
Predictions are primal.
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ไบˆๆธฌใฏไบบ้–“ใฎๆ นๆœฌใซใ‚ใ‚‹ไฝœ็”จใงใ™
05:53
They help us to make sense of the world in a quick and efficient way.
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็ง้”ใŒใ™ใฐใ‚„ใๅŠน็Ž‡็š„ใซ ไธ–็•Œใ‚’็†่งฃใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ๅŠฉใ‘ใฆใใ‚Œใพใ™
05:56
So your brain does not react to the world.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใฎ่„ณใฏ ไธ–็•Œใซ็›ดๆŽฅๅๅฟœใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
06:02
Using past experience,
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้ŽๅŽปใฎ็ตŒ้จ“ใ‚’ๅˆฉ็”จใ—ใฆ
06:04
your brain predicts and constructs
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่„ณใฏ ็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใฎไธ–็•Œใฎ็ตŒ้จ“ใ‚’ ไบˆๆธฌใ— ไฝœใ‚Šใ‚ใ’ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™
06:07
your experience of the world.
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06:12
The way that we see emotions in others are deeply rooted in predictions.
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ไป–่€…ใฎๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใฆๅ–ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใฏ ไบˆๆธฌใซๆทฑใๆ นใ–ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
06:17
So to us, it feels like we just look at someone's face,
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰็ง้”ใฏ ็›ธๆ‰‹ใฎ้ก”ใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใง
06:20
and we just read the emotion that's there in their facial expressions
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่กจๆƒ…ใซ่พผใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚ŒใŸๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ‚’ ่ชญใฟๅ–ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™
06:24
the way that we would read words on a page.
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ๆœฌใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธไธŠใฎ่จ€่‘‰ใ‚’ ่ชญใฟๅ–ใ‚‹ใฎใจๅŒใ˜ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใงใ™
06:26
But actually, under the hood, your brain is predicting.
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ใงใ‚‚ๅฎŸใฏ ใ‚ˆใ่ชฟในใ‚‹ใจ ่„ณใฏไบˆๆธฌใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
06:31
It's using past experience based on similar situations
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่„ณใฏ ไผผใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใช็Šถๆณใงใฎ ้ŽๅŽปใฎ็ตŒ้จ“ใ‚’็”จใ„ใฆ
06:35
to try to make meaning.
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ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ„ๅ‡บใใ†ใจใ—ใพใ™
06:36
This time, you're not making meaning of blobs,
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ไปŠๅบฆใฏ ๆ–‘็‚นใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใงใฏใชใ
06:39
you're making meaning of facial movements
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้ก”ใฎๅ‹•ใใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใ‚’ ่ฆ‹ใ„ๅ‡บใใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
06:42
like the curl of a lip or the raise of an eyebrow.
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ๅ”‡ใŒไธธใพใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ‹ ็œ‰ใŒไธŠใŒใฃใŸใจใ‹ใงใ™
06:46
And that stone-faced stare?
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ใงใฏใ‚ใฎ็„ก่กจๆƒ…ใฎๅ‡่ฆ–ใฏ๏ผŸ
06:48
That might be someone who is a remorseless killer,
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ๆ‚”ๆจใฎๆƒ…ใฎใชใ„ ๆฎบไบบ้ฌผใชใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒ
06:53
but a stone-faced stare might also mean
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็Ÿณใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช่กจๆƒ…ใฎๅ‡่ฆ–ใฏ
06:55
that someone is stoically accepting defeat,
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ๆ•—ๅŒ—ใ‚’ใ‚นใƒˆใ‚คใƒƒใ‚ฏใซๅ—ใ‘ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ่กจใ‚Œใฎๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
06:58
which is in fact what Chechen culture prescribes for someone
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ๅฎŸ้š› ใƒใ‚งใƒใ‚งใƒณใฎๆ–‡ๅŒ–ใงใฏ
ใ‚ธใƒงใƒใƒซใƒปใƒ„ใ‚กใƒซใƒŠใ‚จใƒ•ใฎ็Šถๆณใซใ„ใ‚Œใฐ ใใ†ใชใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใชใฎใงใ™
07:02
in Dzhokhar Tsarnaev's situation.
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07:05
So the lesson here
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ ใ“ใ“ใงๅญฆใถในใใ“ใจใฏ
07:08
is that emotions that you seem to detect in other people
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็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใŒ่ชญใฟๅ–ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซๆ€ใ† ไป–่€…ใฎๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใฏ
07:12
actually come in part from what's inside your own head.
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใฎใจใ“ใ‚ ใใฎไธ€้ƒจใฏ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ้ ญใฎไธญ่บซใซ็”ฑๆฅใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™
07:17
And this is true in the courtroom,
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ใ“ใฎใ“ใจใฏ ๆณ•ๅปทใงใ‚‚ๅฝ“ใฆใฏใพใ‚Šใพใ™ใ—
07:20
but it's also true in the classroom,
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ๆ•™ๅฎคใงใ‚‚
07:23
in the bedroom,
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ๅฏๅฎคใงใ‚‚
07:25
and in the boardroom.
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้‡ๅฝนไผš่ญฐใฎๅ ดใงใ‚‚ใใ†ใงใ™
07:28
And so here's my concern:
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็งใŒๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ ใ“ใ“ใชใ‚“ใงใ™
07:30
tech companies which shall remain nameless ...
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่ค‡ๆ•ฐใฎใƒ†ใƒƒใ‚ฏไผๆฅญ ใพใ‚ๅๅ‰ใฏไผใ›ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใƒปใƒปใƒป
07:34
well, maybe not.
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ใพใ‚ใ„ใฃใ‹
07:35
You know, Google, Facebook --
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ใปใ‚‰ Googleใจใ‹ Facebookใจใ‹ใƒปใƒปใƒป
07:36
(Laughter)
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๏ผˆ็ฌ‘๏ผ‰
07:40
are spending millions of research dollars to build emotion-detection systems,
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ใใ†ใ„ใฃใŸไผๆฅญใฏ ไฝ•็™พไธ‡ใƒ‰ใƒซใ‚‚ใฎ็ ”็ฉถ่ฒปใง ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ๆŽข็Ÿฅใ‚ทใ‚นใƒ†ใƒ ใ‚’ๆง‹็ฏ‰ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™
07:45
and they are fundamentally asking the wrong question,
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎๅ•ใ„ใฏ ๆ นๆœฌ็š„ใซ่ชคใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
07:48
because they're trying to detect emotions in the face and the body,
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ใชใœใชใ‚‰ ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฏ ้ก”ใ‚„่บซไฝ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ‚’่ชญใฟๅ–ใ‚ใ†ใจใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใŒ
07:53
but emotions aren't in your face and body.
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ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใฎใ‚ใ‚Šใ‹ใฏ ้ก”ใงใ‚‚่บซไฝ“ใงใ‚‚ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™
07:57
Physical movements have no intrinsic emotional meaning.
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่บซไฝ“ใฎๅ‹•ใ่‡ชไฝ“ใซใฏ ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใซ้–ขใ‚ใ‚‹ๆ„ๅ‘ณใŒๅ…จใใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
08:03
We have to make them meaningful.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๆ„ๅ‘ณใฏ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใง่ฆ‹ใ„ๅ‡บใ•ใญใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
08:05
A human or something else has to connect them to the context,
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ไบบ้–“ใ‚‚ใใฎไป–ใฎ็”Ÿใ็‰ฉใ‚‚ ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใ‚’ๆ–‡่„ˆใจ็ตใณไป˜ใ‘ใญใฐใชใ‚‰ใš
08:09
and that makes them meaningful.
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ๆ„ๅ‘ณใฏใใ†ใ—ใฆ่ฆ‹ใ„ๅ‡บใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™
08:11
That's how we know that a smile might mean sadness
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ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใซใ—ใฆ็ง้”ใฏ็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™ ๅพฎ็ฌ‘ใฟใŒๆ‚ฒใ—ใฟใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใŸใ‚Š
08:16
and a cry might mean happiness,
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ๆณฃใๅซใถๆง˜ๅญใŒๅนธใ›ใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ—ใŸใ‚Š
08:20
and a stoic, still face might mean
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ใ‚นใƒˆใ‚คใƒƒใ‚ฏใง้™ๆญขใ—ใŸ้ก”ใŒ
08:23
that you are angrily plotting the demise of your enemy.
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ๆ•ตใ‚’่‘ฌใ‚ŠๅŽปใ‚ใ†ใจใ„ใ† ๆ€’ใ‚Šใซๆบ€ใกใŸไผใฟใ‚’ๆ„ๅ‘ณใ™ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใ‚’
08:29
Now, if I haven't already gone out on a limb,
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ใ•ใฆ็งใŒใพใ ๅ‡บใ—ๆƒœใ—ใฟใ‚’ ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใฎใง
08:33
I'll just edge out on that limb a little further and tell you
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ใ‚‚ใ†ๅฐ‘ใ—ใ ใ‘ๆ€ใ„ๅˆ‡ใฃใฆ ใŠ่ฉฑใ—ใ—ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
08:36
that the way that you experience your own emotion
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็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใŒ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ‚’็ตŒ้จ“ใ™ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใฏ
08:40
is exactly the same process.
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ๅ…จใๅŒใ˜ใƒ—ใƒญใ‚ปใ‚นใชใ‚“ใงใ™
08:43
Your brain is basically making predictions, guesses,
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็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใฎ่„ณใฏๅŸบๆœฌ็š„ใซ ไบˆๆธฌใ‚’ใ— ๆŽจ่ซ–ใ‚’ใ—
08:47
that it's constructing in the moment
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ใใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฏไธ€็žฌใฎใ†ใกใซ
08:50
with billions of neurons working together.
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ๆ•ฐๅๅ„„ใฎใƒ‹ใƒฅใƒผใƒญใƒณใŒๅƒใใ“ใจใง ไฝœใ‚Šใ‚ใ’ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™
08:55
Now your brain does come prewired to make some feelings,
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่„ณใฏ็”Ÿๆฅ็š„ใซ ใ„ใใคใ‹ใฎๆฐ—ๆŒใกใ‚’ ็”Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™
08:59
simple feelings that come from the physiology of your body.
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่บซไฝ“ใฎ็”Ÿ็†็Šถๆ…‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใใ‚‹ ๅ˜็ด”ใชๆฐ—ๆŒใกใงใ™
09:04
So when you're born,
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ไบบ้–“ใซใฏ็”Ÿใพใ‚ŒใŸๆ™‚็‚นใง
09:05
you can make feelings like calmness and agitation,
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็ฉใ‚„ใ‹ใ•ใ‚„ใ‚คใƒฉใ‚คใƒฉใจใ„ใฃใŸ ใ‚ใ‚‹็จฎใฎๆฐ—ๆŒใกใ‚’ๆŠฑใๅŠ›ใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
09:10
excitement, comfort, discomfort.
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่ˆˆๅฅฎใ€ๅฎ‰ใ‚‰ใŽใ€ไธๅฟซใ‚‚ใงใ™
09:13
But these simple feelings are not emotions.
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ใงใ‚‚ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚‰ใฎๅ˜็ด”ใชๆฐ—ๆŒใกใฏ ๅ…ˆ็จ‹ใพใง่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใŸๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใจใฏ้•ใ„ใพใ™
09:16
They're actually with you every waking moment of your life.
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ๅ˜็ด”ใชๆฐ—ๆŒใกใฏ ๅฏใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆ™‚ไปฅๅค– ๅธธใซใ‚ใชใŸใจๅ…ฑใซใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
09:20
They are simple summaries of what's going on inside your body,
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่บซไฝ“ใฎไธญใงไฝ•ใŒ่ตทใใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใฎ ๅ˜็ด”ใช่ฆ็ด„ใง
09:25
kind of like a barometer.
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ใƒใƒญใƒกใƒผใ‚ฟใƒผใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™
09:27
But they have very little detail,
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ใงใ‚‚ใใฎๆฐ—ๆŒใกใซใฏ ่ฉณ็ดฐใชๆƒ…ๅ ฑใŒใปใผไผดใ„ใพใ›ใ‚“
09:30
and you need that detail to know what to do next.
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ๆฌกใซไฝ•ใ‚’ใ™ในใใ‹็Ÿฅใ‚‹ใ†ใˆใง ่ฉณ็ดฐใชๆƒ…ๅ ฑใฏๅฟ…่ฆใชใ‚“ใงใ™
09:32
What do you about these feelings?
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ใ“ใ†ใ„ใ†ๆฐ—ๆŒใกใซๅฏพใ—ใฆ ไฝ•ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹๏ผŸ
09:35
And so how does your brain give you that detail?
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ใงใฏ ่„ณใฏใฉใ†ใ‚„ใฃใฆ ่ฉณ็ดฐใชๆƒ…ๅ ฑใ‚’ไธŽใˆใ‚‹ใฎใ‹๏ผŸ
09:37
Well, that's what predictions are.
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ใใ‚ŒใŒไบˆๆธฌใชใ‚“ใงใ™
09:39
Predictions link the sensations in your body
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ไบˆๆธฌใฏๅ…ˆ็จ‹ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใช ๅ˜็ด”ใชๆฐ—ๆŒใกใ‚’็”Ÿใฟๅ‡บใ™่บซไฝ“ๆ„Ÿ่ฆšใจ
09:42
that give you these simple feelings
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09:44
with what's going on around you in the world
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่บซใฎๅ›žใ‚Šใง่ตทใใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ ็ตใณไป˜ใ‘ใฆ
09:46
so that you know what to do.
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ไฝ•ใ‚’ใ™ในใใ‹ๆ•™ใˆใฆใใ‚Œใพใ™
09:47
And sometimes,
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ใใ—ใฆ ๆ™‚ใซใฏ
09:49
those constructions are emotions.
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ๅ…ˆ็จ‹่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใชๅผทใ„ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ‚‚ ใ“ใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ไฝœใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™
09:54
So for example, if you were to walk into a bakery,
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ไพ‹ใˆใฐ ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚ใชใŸใŒ ใƒ‘ใƒณๅฑ‹ใ•ใ‚“ใซๅ…ฅใฃใŸใจใ—ใฆ
09:59
your brain might predict that you will encounter
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่„ณใฏใ“ใ†ไบˆๆธฌใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
10:03
the delicious aroma of freshly baked chocolate chip cookies.
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ใ€Œ็„ผใใŸใฆใฎใƒใƒงใ‚ณใƒใƒƒใƒ—ใ‚ฏใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผใฎ ใŠใ„ใ—ใใ†ใช้ฆ™ใ‚ŠใŒใ™ใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ€ใจ
10:07
I know my brain would predict
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็งใฎ่„ณใชใ‚‰ ใใ†ไบˆๆธฌใ™ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใญ
10:09
the delicious aroma of freshly baked chocolate cookies.
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็„ผใใŸใฆใ‚ฏใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผใฎ ใŠใ„ใ—ใใ†ใช้ฆ™ใ‚Š
10:11
And our brains might cause our stomachs to churn a little bit,
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ใใ—ใฆ็ง้”ใฎ่„ณใฏ ๅฐ‘ใ—ใ ใ‘่ƒƒใ‚’ใ‚ญใƒฅใƒƒใจใ•ใ›ใฆ
10:14
to prepare for eating those cookies.
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ใ‚ฏใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผใ‚’้ฃŸในใ‚‹ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใ‚’ ใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
10:17
And if we are correct,
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ใใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ—็ง้”ใŒๆญฃใ—ใ‘ใ‚Œใฐ
10:19
if in fact some cookies have just come out of the oven,
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ใ‚‚ใ—ๅฎŸ้š›ใซ็„ผใใŸใฆใ‚ฏใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผใŒ ใ‚ชใƒผใƒ–ใƒณใ‹ใ‚‰ๅ‡บใฆใใ‚Œใฐ
10:22
then our brains will have constructed hunger,
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็ง้”ใฎ่„ณใฏ็ฉบ่…นใ‚’ไฝœใ‚Šใ‚ใ’
10:25
and we are prepared to munch down those cookies
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ใ‚ฏใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผใ‚’ใ“ใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ ใ‚‚ใใ‚‚ใ้ฃŸในใฆ
10:29
and digest them in a very efficient way,
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ใจใฆใ‚‚ๅŠน็Ž‡่‰ฏใๆถˆๅŒ–ใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ† ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใ‚’ใ—ใพใ™
10:32
meaning that we can eat a lot of them,
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ใ‚ฏใƒƒใ‚ญใƒผใ‚’ใ„ใฃใฑใ„ ้ฃŸในใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใงใ™
10:33
which would be a really good thing.
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ใจใฃใฆใ‚‚่‰ฏใ„ใ“ใจใงใ™ใญ
10:36
You guys are not laughing enough. I'm totally serious.
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ใ“ใ“็ฌ‘ใ†ใจใ“ใ‚ใงใ™ใ‚ˆ ็ง ็œŸๅ‰ฃใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰
10:38
(Laughter)
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๏ผˆ็ฌ‘๏ผ‰
10:42
But here's the thing.
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ใ“ใ“ใŒๅคงไบ‹ใช็‚นใงใ™
10:43
That churning stomach,
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ใ•ใฃใใฎ่ƒƒใŒใ‚ญใƒฅใƒƒใจใชใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใฎใฏ
10:46
if it occurs in a different situation,
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ๅˆฅใฎ็Šถๆณใง่ตทใใŸใชใ‚‰
10:48
it can have a completely different meaning.
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ๅ…จใ้•ใ†ๆ„ๅ‘ณใซใ‚‚ใชใ‚Šใ‹ใญใพใ›ใ‚“
10:50
So if your brain were to predict a churning stomach
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ใ‚‚ใ—่ƒƒใŒใ‚ญใƒฅใƒƒใจใชใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’ ่„ณใŒไบˆๆธฌใ—ใŸใฎใŒ
10:53
in, say, a hospital room while you're waiting for test results,
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ใŸใจใˆใฐ็—…้™ขใฎไธ€ๅฎคใง ๆคœๆŸป็ตๆžœใ‚’ๅพ…ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆ™‚ใ ใฃใŸใ‚‰
10:58
then your brain will be constructing dread
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่„ณใฏๆๆ€–ใ‚„ๅฟƒ้… ไธๅฎ‰ใ‚’ ไฝœใ‚Šใ‚ใ’ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
11:01
or worry or anxiety,
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11:04
and it might cause you to, maybe,
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ใ™ใ‚‹ใจ ใŸใถใ‚“ใ‚ใชใŸใฏ
11:07
wring your hands
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ไธกๆ‰‹ใ‚’ใ‚‚ใฟ็ตžใฃใŸใ‚Š
11:10
or take a deep breath or even cry.
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ๆทฑๅ‘ผๅธใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ‚Š ๆณฃใ„ใŸใ‚Šใ•ใˆใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
11:13
Right? Same physical sensation, same churning stomach,
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ใญ๏ผŸ ๅŒใ˜่บซไฝ“ๆ„Ÿ่ฆš ๅŒใ˜่ƒƒใฎๅ‹•ใใŒ
11:18
different experience.
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็•ฐใชใฃใŸ็ตŒ้จ“ใซใชใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™
11:20
And so the lesson here
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ใ“ใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ๅญฆในใ‚‹ใฎใฏ
11:22
is that emotions which seem to happen to you
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ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใฏใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่บซใซใตใ‚Šใ‹ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ่ฆ‹ใˆใฆ
11:26
are actually made by you.
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ๅฎŸใฏใ‚ใชใŸใŒไฝœใ‚Šๅ‡บใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‚“ใงใ™
11:32
You are not at the mercy of mythical emotion circuits
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่„ณใฎๅคใ„้ƒจๅˆ†ใฎ ๅ†…้ƒจๆทฑใใซๅŸ‹ใ‚่พผใพใ‚ŒใŸใƒผ
11:37
which are buried deep inside some ancient part of your brain.
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่ฌŽใ‚ใ„ใŸๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ๅ›ž่ทฏใฎๅƒใใซ ๆตใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
11:42
You have more control over your emotions
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ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใฏใ‚‚ใฃใจ่‡ชๅˆ†ใงๅˆถๅพกใงใใ‚‹ใ‚“ใงใ™
11:45
than you think you do.
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็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใŒๆ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ไปฅไธŠใซใญ
11:47
I don't mean that you can just snap your fingers
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ๆŒ‡ใ‚’ใƒ‘ใƒใƒณใจ้ณดใ‚‰ใ›ใฐ ๆฐ—ๅˆ†ใŒๅค‰ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‚ใ‘ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใงใ™ใ‚ˆ
11:49
and change how you feel the way that you would change your clothes,
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ๆด‹ๆœใ‚’็€ๆ›ฟใˆใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใฏ ใ„ใใพใ›ใ‚“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใญ
11:53
but your brain is wired
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ใงใ‚‚็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใฎ่„ณใฏ
11:56
so that if you change the ingredients that your brain uses to make emotion,
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ใ‚‚ใ—ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ‚’ไฝœใ‚‹ใฎใซไฝฟใ†ๆๆ–™ใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใ‚Œใฐ
12:02
then you can transform your emotional life.
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ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…้ขใงใฎ็”Ÿๆดปใฎใ‚ใ‚Šใ‚ˆใ†ใ‚’ ๅค‰ๅฎนใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ็”Ÿๆฅ็š„ใซใงใใฆใ„ใพใ™
12:06
So if you change those ingredients today,
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰ ใ‚‚ใ—ไปŠๆ—ฅ ใใฎๆๆ–™ใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใ‚Œใฐ
12:09
you're basically teaching your brain how to predict differently tomorrow,
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ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใฏ้•ใฃใŸไบˆๆธฌใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ† ่„ณใซๆ•™ใˆใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™
12:14
and this is what I call being the architect of your experience.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็งใฏใ“ใ†ๅ‘ผใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ ใ€Œ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ็ตŒ้จ“ใฎๅปบ็ฏ‰ๅฎถใซใชใ‚‹ใ€
12:20
So here's an example.
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ไพ‹ใ‚’ๆŒ™ใ’ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
12:23
All of us have had a nervous feeling before a test, right?
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่ฉฆ้จ“ใฎๅ‰ใซใƒŠใƒผใƒใ‚นใซใชใฃใŸ็ตŒ้จ“ใฃใฆ ็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆใญ๏ผŸ
12:27
But some people experience crippling anxiety before a test.
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ใงใ‚‚่ฉฆ้จ“ๅ‰ใฎไธๅฎ‰ใŒ ่‘—ใ—ใ„ไบบใ‚‚ใ„ใพใ™
12:32
They have test anxiety.
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ใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆไธๅฎ‰ใฎไบบ้”ใงใ™
12:35
Based on past experiences of taking tests,
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้ŽๅŽปใซใƒ†ใ‚นใƒˆใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใŸๆ™‚ใฎ ็ตŒ้จ“ใซๅŸบใฅใ„ใฆ
12:40
their brains predict a hammering heartbeat,
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ๅฝผใ‚‰ใฎ่„ณใŒไบˆๆธฌใ™ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ ใƒ‰ใ‚ญใƒ‰ใ‚ญใ™ใ‚‹ๅฟƒ่‡“ใ‚„
12:43
sweaty hands,
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ๆฑ—ใ‚’ใ‹ใ„ใŸๆ‰‹ใฎใฒใ‚‰
12:44
so much so that they are unable to actually take the test.
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ใ‚ใพใ‚Šใซใ‚‚ใใ‚ŒใŒใฒใฉใ„ใŸใ‚ใซ ใพใจใ‚‚ใซ่ฉฆ้จ“ใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
12:50
They don't perform well,
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่‰ฏใ„ๆˆ็ธพใฏใจใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
12:51
and sometimes they not only fail courses but they actually might fail college.
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ๆ™‚ใซใฏๅ˜ไฝใ‚’่ฝใจใ™ใ ใ‘ใงใฏๆธˆใพใš ๅคงๅญฆใ‚’่ฝ็ฌฌใ™ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
12:57
But here's the thing:
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ใ“ใ“ใงๅคงไบ‹ใชใ“ใจใงใ™
12:59
a hammering heartbeat is not necessarily anxiety.
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ๅฟƒ่‡“ใŒใƒ‰ใ‚ญใƒ‰ใ‚ญใ„ใ†ใฎใฏ ไธๅฎ‰ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใจใฏ้™ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
13:02
It could be that your body is preparing to do battle
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ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‹ใ—ใŸใ‚‰ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่บซไฝ“ใฏๆˆฆใ„ใซ่‡จใฟ
13:08
and ace that test ...
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่ฉฆ้จ“ใงAใ‚’ๅ‹ใกๅ–ใ‚‹ๆบ–ๅ‚™ใ‚’ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใƒปใƒปใƒป
13:10
or, you know, give a talk
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ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ„ใฏ ใปใ‚‰ ่ฌ›ๆผ”ใฎๆบ–ๅ‚™ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
13:12
in front of hundreds of people on a stage where you're being filmed.
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ไฝ•็™พไบบใ‚‚ใฎๅ‰ใง ใ‚นใƒ†ใƒผใ‚ธใฎไธŠใง ๅŽ้Œฒใพใงใ•ใ‚Œใฆ
13:16
(Laughter)
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๏ผˆ็ฌ‘๏ผ‰
13:17
I'm serious.
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ใพใ˜ใ‚ใช่ฉฑใงใ™
13:19
(Laughter)
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๏ผˆ็ฌ‘๏ผ‰
13:21
And research shows that when students learn
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็ ”็ฉถใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ใจ ๅญฆ็”Ÿ้”ใฏ ไธๅฎ‰ใซๆ€ใ†ใ‹ใ‚ใ‚Šใซ
13:26
to make this kind of energized determination
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ใ“ใ†ใ„ใฃใŸ้กžใฎๆดปๅŠ›ใ‚ใตใ‚Œใ‚‹ๆฑบๆ„ใ‚’ ไฝœใ‚Šๅ‡บใ›ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Œใฐ
13:28
instead of anxiety,
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13:30
they perform better on tests.
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่ฉฆ้จ“ใงใ‚‚ใฃใจ่‰ฏใ„ๆˆ็ธพใ‚’ ๅ–ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™
13:33
And that determination seeds their brain to predict differently in the future
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ใใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆฑบๆ„ใŒ ่„ณใŒๅฐ†ๆฅใ‚’้•ใ†้ขจใซไบˆๆธฌใ™ใ‚‹ๆๆ–™ใซใชใ‚Š
13:38
so that they can get their butterflies flying in formation.
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ใ™ใ‚‹ใจไธๅฎ‰ใ‚’ๆ‰‹ใชใšใ‘ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใพใ™
13:41
And if they do that often enough,
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ใใ—ใฆใ‚‚ใ—ๅฝผใ‚‰ใŒ ไฝ•ๅบฆใ‚‚ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’็นฐใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ›ใฐ
13:43
they not only can pass a test
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๏ผ‘ใคใฎ่ฉฆ้จ“ใซๅˆๆ ผใงใใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใงใชใ
13:46
but it will be easier for them to pass their courses,
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ๅ˜ไฝใŒใ‚‚ใฃใจ็ฐกๅ˜ใซๅ–ใ‚Œ
13:49
and they might even finish college,
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ๅคงๅญฆใ‚‚ๅ’ๆฅญใงใใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใชใ„ใฎใงใ™
13:52
which has a huge impact on their future earning potential.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๅฐ†ๆฅใฎๅŽๅ…ฅใซ ๅคงใใชๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ๅŠใผใ—ใพใ™
13:57
So I call this emotional intelligence in action.
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰็งใฏใ“ใ‚Œใ‚’ ใ€ŒๅฎŸ่ทต็š„ใชๆ„Ÿๆƒ…็š„็Ÿฅๆ€งใ€ใจๅ‘ผใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™
14:01
Now you can cultivate this emotional intelligence yourself
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ใ“ใฎๆ„Ÿๆƒ…็š„็Ÿฅๆ€งใฏ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๆ‰‹ใง่‚ฒใ‚“ใง
14:05
and use it in your everyday life.
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ๆ—ฅๅธธ็”Ÿๆดปใง ไฝฟใ†ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใ‚“ใงใ™
14:07
So just, you know,
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ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹
14:09
imagine waking up in the morning.
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ๆƒณๅƒใ—ใฆใใ ใ•ใ„ ๆœ ็›ฎใ‚’่ฆšใพใ—ใพใ™
14:11
I'm sure you've had this experience. I know I have.
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็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใใฃใจ็ตŒ้จ“ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใ‚ˆ ็งใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
14:13
You wake up and as you're emerging into consciousness,
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็›ฎใŒ่ฆšใ‚ใฆ ๆ„่ญ˜ใŒใฏใฃใใ‚Šใ—ใฆใใ‚‹ใซใคใ‚Œใฆ
14:16
you feel this horrible dread,
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ใŸใ„ใธใ‚“ใชๆๆ€–ใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใพใ™
14:19
you know, this real wretchedness,
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ใ“ใฎใพใ–ใพใ–ใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๆƒจใ‚ใ•
14:21
and immediately, your mind starts to race.
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ใ™ใใซ ใ‚ใชใŸใฎๆ€่€ƒใŒ้ง†ใ‘ๅทกใ‚Šใพใ™
14:24
You start to think about all the crap that you have to do at work
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่ทๅ ดใงใ‚„ใ‚‰ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ‘ใชใ„้›‘็”จใ‚’ ใ‚ใ‚Œใ‚„ใ“ใ‚Œใ‚„ใจ่€ƒใˆๅง‹ใ‚
14:27
and you have that mountain of email
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ๅฑฑใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชEใƒกใƒผใƒซใ‚‚ใ‚ใฃใฆ
14:29
which you will never dig yourself out of ever,
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ใใ“ใซๅŸ‹ใ‚‚ใ‚ŒใŸใ‚‰ ใ‚‚ใ†ๅ‡บใฆใ“ใ‚Œใชใ„ใใ‚‰ใ„ใงใ™
14:32
the phone calls you have to return,
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ๆŠ˜ใ‚Š่ฟ”ใ•ใชใ„ใจใ„ใ‘ใชใ„้›ป่ฉฑใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ—
14:34
and that important meeting across town,
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้‡่ฆใชไผš่ญฐใง ่ก—ใฎๅ‘ใ“ใ†ๅดใซ่กŒใใ‹ใ‚‰
14:35
and you're going to have to fight traffic,
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ไบค้€šไบ‹ๆƒ…ใจใฎๆˆฆใ„ใงใ™
14:37
you'll be late picking your kids up,
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ๅญใฉใ‚‚ใฎใŠ่ฟŽใˆใฏ้…ๅˆปใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใญ
14:39
your dog is sick, and what are you going to make for dinner?
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็Šฌใฎๅ…ทๅˆใฏ่‰ฏใใชใ„ใ— ใใ‚Œใ‹ใ‚‰ๆ™ฉๅพก้ฃฏใฏ๏ผŸ
ใ‚ใ‚ใ‚‚ใ†๏ผ
14:42
Oh my God.
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14:43
What is wrong with your life?
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ใ€Œ็งใฎไบบ็”Ÿใฉใ†ใชใฃใฆใ‚‹ใฎ๏ผŸใ€
14:45
What is wrong with my life?
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ใ“ใ‚Œ ็งใฎใ“ใจใงใ™
14:46
(Laughter)
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๏ผˆ็ฌ‘๏ผ‰
14:52
That mind racing is prediction.
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ใ“ใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชๆ€่€ƒใฎๆธฆใฏ ไบˆๆธฌใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใชใ‚“ใงใ™
14:55
Your brain is searching to find an explanation
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็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใฎ่„ณใฏใ‚ตใƒผใƒใ‚’่กŒใ„
15:00
for those sensations in your body that you experience as wretchedness,
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่‡ชๅˆ†ใŒๆƒจใ‚ใ•ใจใ—ใฆ็ตŒ้จ“ใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ ่บซไฝ“ใฎๆ„Ÿ่ฆšใฎ่ชฌๆ˜Žใ‚’ๆฑ‚ใ‚ใพใ™
15:05
just like you did with the blobby image.
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็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใŒๆ–‘็‚นใฎๅ›ณใง ใพใ•ใซใ‚„ใฃใŸใ‚ˆใ†ใซใงใ™
15:10
So your brain is trying to explain what caused those sensations
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ใงใ™ใ‹ใ‚‰็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใฎ่„ณใฏ ไฝ•ใŒ ใใ‚“ใชๆ„Ÿ่ฆšใ‚’่ตทใ“ใ—ใŸใฎใ‹่ชฌๆ˜Žใ‚’่ฉฆใฟใพใ™
15:16
so that you know what to do about them.
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ใใ‚Œใซๅฏพใ—ไฝ•ใ‚’ใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ„ใ„ใ‹ ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใงใ™
15:19
But those sensations
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ใงใ‚‚ใใฎๆ„Ÿ่ฆšใฏ
15:20
might not be an indication that anything is wrong with your life.
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ไบบ็”Ÿใซไฝ•ใ‹ๆ‚ชใ„ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจ ็คบใ—ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
15:24
They might have a purely physical cause.
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็ด”็ฒ‹ใซ่บซไฝ“ๅ› ใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹ใฎใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
15:27
Maybe you're tired.
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็–ฒใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ‹
15:28
Maybe you didn't sleep enough.
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็ก็œ ไธ่ถณใจใ‹
15:29
Maybe you're hungry.
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ใŠใชใ‹ใŒใ™ใ„ใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ‹
15:31
Maybe you're dehydrated.
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่„ฑๆฐด็Šถๆ…‹ใจใ‹
15:33
The next time that you feel intense distress,
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ไปŠๅบฆ ็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใŒ ๆฟ€ใ—ใ„่‹ฆ็—›ใ‚’ๆ„Ÿใ˜ใŸใ‚‰
15:39
ask yourself:
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่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎ่ƒธใซ่จŠใ„ใฆใฟใฆใใ ใ•ใ„
15:41
Could this have a purely physical cause?
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็ด”็ฒ‹ใซ่บซไฝ“ใฎๅ•้กŒใจใ„ใ†ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใฏ ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ ใ‚ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸใจ
15:45
Is it possible that you can transform
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ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…็š„ใช่‹ฆใ—ใ•ใ‚’ ๅ˜ใชใ‚‹่บซไฝ“็š„ใช่‹ฆใ—ใ•ใซ
15:48
emotional suffering into just mere physical discomfort?
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ๅค‰ๅŒ–ใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใฏ ๆžœใŸใ—ใฆๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
15:54
Now I am not suggesting to you
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ใใ†ใฏ่จ€ใฃใฆใ‚‚็งใฏ
15:56
that you can just perform a couple of Jedi mind tricks
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ใ‚ธใ‚งใƒ€ใ‚คใ‚ˆใ‚ใ—ใ ๅฟƒใฎๆŒใกใ‚ˆใ†ใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใ‚Œใฐ
15:59
and talk yourself out of being depressed
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่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๆ‰‹ใงๆŠ‘ใ†ใคใ‚„
16:02
or anxious or any kind of serious condition.
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ไธๅฎ‰ใ‚„ใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‚†ใ‚‹ๆทฑๅˆปใช็Šถๆ…‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ ๆŠœใ‘ๅ‡บใ›ใ‚‹ใจ่จ€ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“
16:07
But I am telling you
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็งใŒใŠไผใˆใ—ใŸใ„ใฎใฏ
16:08
that you have more control over your emotions than you might imagine,
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็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใฏ ๆƒณๅƒไปฅไธŠใซ ่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใ‚’ๅˆถๅพกใงใใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจ
16:12
and that you have the capacity
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ใใ—ใฆ ็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใซใฏ
16:14
to turn down the dial on emotional suffering
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ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…็š„่‹ฆใ—ใฟใ‚„ ใใ‚Œใซใ‚ˆใฃใฆ ไบบ็”Ÿใซใ‚‚ใŸใ‚‰ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹็ตๆžœใ‚’
16:17
and its consequences for your life
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็ทฉๅ’Œใ™ใ‚‹ๅŠ›ใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™
16:19
by learning how to construct your experiences differently.
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็ตŒ้จ“ใ‚’้•ใ†้ขจใซไฝœใ‚Šใ‚ใ’ใ‚‹ๆ–นๆณ•ใ‚’ ๅญฆในใฐใ„ใ„ใ‚“ใงใ™
16:24
And all of us can do this
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่ชฐใงใ‚‚ใงใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใง
16:25
and with a little practice, we can get really good at it,
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ๅฐ‘ใ—็ทด็ฟ’ใ™ใ‚Œใฐ ใจใฆใ‚‚ไธŠๆ‰‹ใซใชใ‚Œใพใ™
16:28
like driving.
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่ปŠใฎ้‹่ปขใจไธ€็ท’ใงใ™
16:30
At first, it takes a lot of effort,
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ๆœ€ๅˆใฏ ใ‹ใชใ‚ŠๅŠชๅŠ›ใŒใ„ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒ
16:31
but eventually it becomes pretty automatic.
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ๆœ€็ต‚็š„ใซใฏ่‡ชๅ‹•็š„ใซ ใงใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™
16:35
Now I don't know about you,
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็š†ใ•ใ‚“ใฏใฉใ†ใ‹ๅˆ†ใ‹ใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใŒ
16:36
but I find this to be a really empowering and inspiring message,
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏๆœฌๅฝ“ใซๅŠฑใพใ•ใ‚Œ ๆ„ŸๅŒ–ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ ใƒกใƒƒใ‚ปใƒผใ‚ธใ ใจ็งใฏๆ€ใ„ใพใ™ใ—
16:41
and the fact that it's backed up by decades of research
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ใ“ใ‚ŒใŒไฝ•ๅๅนดใ‚‚ใฎ็ ”็ฉถใซ ่ฃไป˜ใ‘ใ‚‰ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†ไบ‹ๅฎŸใ‚’
16:44
makes me also happy as a scientist.
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็ง‘ๅญฆ่€…ใจใ—ใฆๅนธใ›ใ ใจๆ„Ÿใ˜ใพใ™
16:47
But I have to also warn you that it does come with some fine print,
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ใงใ‚‚ใ“ใ‚Œใซใฏๆณจๆ„็‚นใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚’ ่ญฆๅ‘Šใ—ใฆใŠใใพใ™
16:50
because more control also means more responsibility.
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ใชใœใชใ‚‰ ๅˆถๅพกใ‚’ๅข—ใ™ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใฏ ่ฒฌไปปใ‚‚ๅข—ใ™ใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™
16:57
If you are not at the mercy of mythical emotion circuits
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ใ€Œ่„ณใฎใฉใ“ใ‹ๅฅฅๆทฑใใซๅŸ‹ใ‚่พผใพใ‚Œใฆใ„ใฆ ่‡ชๅ‹•็š„ใซๅผ•ใ้‡‘ใŒๅผ•ใ‹ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ€ใจ
17:01
which are buried deep inside your brain somewhere
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ไฟ—ใซ่จ€ใ‚ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ๅ›ž่ทฏใซ
17:03
and which trigger automatically,
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ๆตใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ—ใพใ†ใ‚ใ‘ใงใฏใชใ„ใชใ‚‰
17:05
then who's responsible,
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่ฒฌไปปใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใฏ่ชฐใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
17:08
who is responsible when you behave badly?
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ใ‚ใชใŸใฎใฒใฉใ„ๆŒฏใ‚‹่ˆžใ„ใฎ ่ฒฌไปปใ‚’ใจใ‚‹ในใใชใฎใฏ๏ผŸ
17:12
You are.
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ใ‚ใชใŸ่‡ช่บซใงใ™
17:14
Not because you're culpable for your emotions,
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ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใซๅฏพใ—ใฆ ใ‚ใชใŸใซ้ŽๅคฑใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใฏใชใ
17:17
but because the actions and the experiences that you make today
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ไปŠๆ—ฅใ‚ใชใŸใŒใ™ใ‚‹ๆดปๅ‹•ใ‚„็ตŒ้จ“ใ‚’
17:22
become your brain's predictions for tomorrow.
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ๆ˜Žๆ—ฅใฎใ‚ใชใŸใฎ่„ณใŒ ไบˆๆธฌใซไฝฟใ†ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™
17:25
Sometimes we are responsible for something
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็ง้”ใซ่ฒฌไปปใŒ็”Ÿใ˜ใ‚‹็†็”ฑใฏ
17:28
not because we're to blame
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่‡ชๅˆ†ใซ้ŽๅคฑใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใฏใชใ
17:31
but because we're the only ones who can change it.
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ใใ‚Œใ‚’ๅค‰ใˆใ‚‰ใ‚Œใ‚‹ๅ”ฏไธ€ใฎๅญ˜ๅœจใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ ใจใ„ใ†ๅ ดๅˆใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™
17:35
Now responsibility is a big word.
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่ฒฌไปปใจใ„ใ†ใฎใฏ้‡ๅคงใช่จ€่‘‰ใงใ™
17:38
It's so big, in fact,
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ๅฎŸ้š›ใจใฆใ‚‚้‡ใ™ใŽใฆ
17:39
that sometimes people feel the need to resist the scientific evidence
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ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใŒ็”Ÿๆฅ็š„ใซๅ‚™ใ‚ใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ใฎใงใฏใชใ ๆง‹็ฏ‰ใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚‚ใฎใ ใจใ„ใ†็ง‘ๅญฆ็š„ใช่จผๆ‹ ใซ
17:45
that emotions are built and not built in.
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ๆŠ—ใ„ใŸใใชใ‚‹ใ“ใจใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
17:50
The idea that we are responsible for our own emotions
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่‡ชๅˆ†ใฎๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใซ่ฒฌไปปใŒใ‚ใ‚‹ใจใ„ใ†่€ƒใˆใฏ
17:55
seems very hard to swallow.
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้ฃฒใฟ่พผใ‚€ใฎใŒใจใฆใ‚‚้›ฃใ—ใๆ€ใˆใพใ™
17:59
But what I'm suggesting to you is you don't have to choke on that idea.
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ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใฃใฆ ใใ‚“ใช้ขจใซ่€ƒใˆใฆ ๅ–‰ใ‚’่ฉฐใพใ‚‰ใ›ใชใใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใ‚“ใงใ™
18:02
You just take a deep breath,
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ๆทฑๅ‘ผๅธใ‚’ใ—ใฆ
18:04
maybe get yourself a glass of water if you need to,
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ๅฟ…่ฆใชใ‚‰ ใŠๆฐดใ‚‚้ฃฒใ‚“ใง
18:07
and embrace it.
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ๅ—ใ‘ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
18:08
Embrace that responsibility,
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ใใฎ่ฒฌไปปใ‚’ๅ—ใ‘ๅ…ฅใ‚Œใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™
18:10
because it is the path to a healthier body,
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ใชใœใชใ‚‰ ใใ‚ŒใŒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅฅๅบทใช่บซไฝ“ใ‚„
18:14
a more just and informed legal system,
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Šๅ…ฌๆญฃใงๆƒ…ๅ ฑใซๅŸบใฅใ„ใŸๆณ•ๅˆถๅบฆใ‚„
18:18
and a more flexible and potent emotional life.
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ใ‚ˆใ‚ŠๆŸ”่ปŸใงๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใซๆบ€ใกใŸๅฝขใง ๆ„Ÿๆƒ…ใจ็”Ÿใใ‚‹ใ“ใจใธใฎ้“ใ ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™
18:21
Thank you.
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ใ‚ใ‚ŠใŒใจใ†ใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸ
18:23
(Applause)
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๏ผˆๆ‹ๆ‰‹๏ผ‰
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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