Creativity is a remix | Kirby Ferguson

422,794 views ใƒป 2012-08-10

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
0
0
7000
ืžืชืจื’ื: Rafi Taglicht ืžื‘ืงืจ: Sigal Tifferet
00:16
We're going to begin in 1964.
1
16018
3291
ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘1964.
00:19
Bob Dylan is 23 years old, and his career
2
19309
2973
ื‘ื•ื‘ ื“ื™ืœืŸ ื‘ืŸ 23 ื•ื”ืงืจื™ื™ืจื” ืฉืœื•
00:22
is just reaching its pinnacle.
3
22282
2161
ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืœืฉื™ืื”.
00:24
He's been christened the voice of a generation,
4
24443
2441
ืžื›ื ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืงื•ืœื• ืฉืœ ื“ื•ืจ,
00:26
and he's churning out classic songs
5
26884
2460
ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืงืœืืกื™ื™ื ื‘ื–ื” ืื—ืจ ื–ื”
00:29
at a seemingly impossible rate,
6
29344
1963
ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™,
00:31
but there's a small minority of dissenters, and they claim
7
31307
4451
ืื•ืœื ืงื™ื™ื ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืชื ื’ื“ื™ื, ืืฉืจ ื˜ื•ืขืŸ
00:35
that Bob Dylan is stealing other people's songs.
8
35758
3739
ืฉื‘ื•ื‘ ื“ื™ืœืŸ ื’ื•ื ื‘ ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืื—ืจื™ื.
00:39
2004. Brian Burton, aka Danger Mouse,
9
39497
4140
2004. ื‘ืจืื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื˜ื•ืŸ, ื”ื™ื“ื•ืข ื‘ืฉื ื“ื ื’'ืจ ืžืื•ืก,
00:43
takes the Beatles' "White Album,"
10
43637
1913
ื ื•ื˜ืœ ืืช "ื”ืืœื‘ื•ื ื”ืœื‘ืŸ" ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉื™ื•ืช,
00:45
combines it with Jay-Z's "The Black Album"
11
45550
1777
ื•ืžืฆืจืฃ ืื•ืชื• ื™ื—ื“ ืขื "ื”ืืœื‘ื•ื ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจ" ืฉืœ ื’'ื™ื™-ื–ื™
00:47
to create "The Grey Album."
12
47327
1824
ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืช "ื”ืืœื‘ื•ื ื”ืืคื•ืจ".
00:49
"The Grey Album" becomes an immediate sensation online,
13
49151
1919
"ื”ืืœื‘ื•ื ื”ืืคื•ืจ" ื”ื•ืคืš ืœืกื ืกืฆื™ื” ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ืช ื‘ืจืฉืช,
00:51
and the Beatles' record company sends out countless
14
51070
2760
ื•ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืชืงืœื™ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ืœื—ืช ืื™ืŸ ืกืคื•ืจ
00:53
cease-and-desist letters for "unfair competition
15
53830
3240
ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ื ื”ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืœื—ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืฉืœ "ืชื—ืจื•ืช ืœื ื”ื•ื’ื ืช
00:57
and dilution of our valuable property."
16
57070
3881
ื•ื“ื™ืœื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื™ืงืจื™ ืขืจืš ืฉืœื ื•".
01:00
Now, "The Grey Album" is a remix.
17
60951
1992
ื›ืขืช, "ื”ืืœื‘ื•ื ื”ืืคื•ืจ" ื”ื•ื ืจืžื™ืงืก.
01:02
It is new media created from old media.
18
62943
2397
ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืžื“ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉื ื•ืฆืจื” ืžืžื“ื™ื” ื™ืฉื ื”.
01:05
It was made using these three techniques:
19
65340
2585
ื”ื™ื ื ื•ืฆืจื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช:
01:07
copy, transform and combine.
20
67925
3242
ื”ืขืชืงื”, ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื•ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘.
01:11
It's how you remix. You take existing songs,
21
71167
1922
ื›ืš ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืจืžื™ืงืก. ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื,
01:13
you chop them up, you transform the pieces,
22
73089
1720
ืงื•ืฆืฆื™ื ืื•ืชื, ืžืฉื ื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ืชื™ื›ื•ืช,
01:14
you combine them back together again,
23
74809
1840
ื•ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ื™ื—ื“ื™ื•,
01:16
and you've got a new song, but that new song
24
76649
1977
ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืฉื™ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ, ืื•ืœื ื”ืฉื™ืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ
01:18
is clearly comprised of old songs.
25
78626
2734
ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืžืฉื™ืจื™ื ื™ืฉื ื™ื.
01:21
But I think these aren't just the components of remixing.
26
81360
3313
ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืืœื• ืจืง ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขืจื™ื›ืช ืจืžื™ืงืก.
01:24
I think these are the basic elements of all creativity.
27
84673
3044
ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืืœื• ื”ื ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช.
01:27
I think everything is a remix,
28
87717
1811
ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื›ืœ ื”ื•ื ืจืžื™ืงืก,
01:29
and I think this is a better way to conceive of creativity.
29
89528
4691
ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื• ื“ืจืš ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช.
01:34
All right, let's head back to 1964, and let's hear
30
94219
2993
ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœ1964 ื•ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืงืฉื™ื‘
01:37
where some of Dylan's early songs came from.
31
97212
3021
ืžื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ื™ืœืŸ.
01:40
We'll do some side-by-side comparisons here.
32
100233
1877
ื ืขืจื•ืš ื›ืžื” ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื•ืช ื–ื” ืœืฆื“ ื–ื”.
01:42
All right, this first song you're going to hear
33
102110
1206
ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ื”ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืชืฉืžืขื•
01:43
is "Nottamun Town." It's a traditional folk tune.
34
103316
2414
ื”ื•ื "ื ื•ื˜ืžืŸ ื˜ืื•ืŸ" ื–ื”ื• ืฉื™ืจ ืขื ืžืกื•ืจืชื™.
01:45
After that, you'll hear Dylan's "Masters of War."
35
105730
2581
ืื—ืจื™ื•, ืชืฉืžืขื• ืืช "ืื“ื•ื ื™ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”".
01:48
Jean Ritchie: โ™ซ In Nottamun Town, not a soul would look out, โ™ซ
36
108318
4900
ื’'ื™ืŸ ืจื™ืฆ'ื™: ื‘ื ื•ื˜ืžืŸ ื˜ืื•ืŸ, ืืฃ ื ืฉืžื” ืœื ืžืฆื™ืฆื” ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”,
01:53
โ™ซ not a soul would look up, not a soul would look down. โ™ซ
37
113218
6598
ื•ืืฃ ื ืฉืžื” ืื™ื ื” ืžื‘ื™ื˜ื” ืœืžืขืœื”, ืืฃ ื ืฉืžื” ืœื ืžื‘ื™ื˜ื” ืžื˜ื”.
01:59
Bob Dylan: โ™ซ Come you masters of war, โ™ซ
38
119816
4274
ื‘ื•ื‘ ื“ื™ืœืŸ: ื‘ื•ืื• ืืชื ืื“ื•ื ื™ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”,
02:04
โ™ซ you that build the big guns, you that build the death planes, โ™ซ
39
124090
8605
ืืชื ืฉื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืชื•ืชื—ื™ื ืขืฆื•ืžื™ื, ืืชื ืฉื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ ืžื•ื•ืช,
02:12
โ™ซ You that build all the bombs. โ™ซ
40
132695
3069
ืืชื ืฉื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืคืฆืฆื•ืช.
02:15
Kirby Ferguson: Okay, so that's the same basic melody
41
135764
1922
ืงื™ืจื‘ื™ ืคืจื’ื•ืกื•ืŸ: ืื•ืงื™, ืื– ื–ื• ืื•ืชื” ื ืขื™ืžื” ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช
02:17
and overall structure. This next one is "The Patriot Game,"
42
137686
3159
ื•ืื•ืชื• ืžื‘ื ื” ื›ืœืœื™. ื”ื‘ื ื”ื•ื "ืžืฉื—ืง ื”ืคื˜ืจื™ื•ื˜",
02:20
by Dominic Behan. Alongside that,
43
140845
1992
ืฉืœ ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื™ืง ื‘ื”ืืŸ. ืœืฆื™ื“ื•,
02:22
you're going to hear "With God on Our Side," by Dylan.
44
142837
2274
ืชืฉืžืขื• ืืช " ืขื ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืœืฆื™ื“ื ื•" ืฉืœ ื“ื™ืœืŸ.
02:25
Dominic Behan: โ™ซ Come all ye young rebels, โ™ซ
45
145111
5258
ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื™ืง ื‘ืื”ืŸ: ื‘ื•ืื• ื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ืจื“ื™ื ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื,
02:30
โ™ซ and list while I sing, โ™ซ
46
150369
4530
ื•ื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืืฉื™ืจื”,
02:34
โ™ซ for the love of one's land is a terrible thing. โ™ซ
47
154899
8212
ื›ื™ ืื”ื‘ืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื•ืจื.
02:43
BD: โ™ซ Oh my name it is nothin', โ™ซ
48
163111
5812
ื‘ื•ื‘ ื“ื™ืœืŸ: ืฉืžื™ ื”ื•ื ืœื ื›ืœื•ื,
02:48
โ™ซ my age it means less, โ™ซ
49
168923
4528
ื•ื’ื™ืœื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืืฃ ืคื—ื•ืช,
02:53
โ™ซ the country I come from is called the Midwest. โ™ซ
50
173451
6819
ื”ืืจืฅ ืžืžื ื” ืื ื™ ื‘ื ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืขืจื‘ ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ.
03:00
KF: Okay, so in this case, Dylan admits
51
180270
1626
ืง"ืค: ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ืื– ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื–ื”, ื“ื™ืœืŸ ืžื•ื“ื”
03:01
he must have heard "The Patriot Game," he forgot about it,
52
181896
2440
ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืช "ืžืฉื—ืง ื”ืคื˜ืจื™ื•ื˜", ื”ื•ื ืฉื›ื— ื–ืืช,
03:04
then when the song kind of bubbled back up
53
184336
1559
ื•ื”ืฉื™ืจ ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื• ื‘ืฆื‘ืฅ ื•ืขืœื” ื—ื–ืจื” ืžืขืœื”
03:05
in his brain, he just thought it was his song.
54
185895
2311
ื‘ืžื•ื—ื•, ื•ื”ื•ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื—ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ืฉื™ืจ ืฉืœื•.
03:08
Last one, this is "Who's Going To Buy You Ribbons,"
55
188206
1232
ืื—ืจื•ืŸ, ื–ื”ื• " ืžื™ ื™ืงื ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจืš ืกืจื˜ื™ื,"
03:09
another traditional folk tune.
56
189438
1560
ืฉื™ืจ ืขื ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ ื ื•ืกืฃ.
03:10
Alongside that is "Don't Think Twice, It's All Right."
57
190998
2297
ืœืฆื™ื“ื• "ืืœ ืชื—ืฉื‘ื™ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื, ื–ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ."
03:13
This one's more about the lyric.
58
193295
1825
ื›ืืŸ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื.
03:15
Paul Clayton: โ™ซ It ain't no use to sit and sigh now, โ™ซ
59
195120
6891
ืคื•ืœ ืงืœื™ื™ื˜ื•ืŸ: ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื ืœืฉื‘ืช ื•ืœื”ืื ื— ื›ืขืช,
03:22
โ™ซ darlin', and it ain't no use to sit and cry now. โ™ซ
60
202011
7864
ื™ืงื™ืจืชื™, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื ืœืฉื‘ืช ื•ืœื‘ื›ื•ืช ื›ืขืช.
03:29
BD: โ™ซ It ainโ€™t no use to sit and wonder why, babe, โ™ซ
61
209875
5945
ื‘ื•ื‘ ื“ื™ืœืŸ: ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื ืœืฉื‘ืช ื•ืœื”ืชืคืœื ื›ืขืช, ื‘ื™ื™ื‘ื™,
03:35
โ™ซ if you don't know by now, โ™ซ
62
215820
3652
ืื ืื™ื ืš ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืขื“ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•,
03:39
โ™ซ and it ain't no use to sit and wonder why, babe, โ™ซ
63
219472
5391
ื•ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื ืœืฉื‘ืช ื•ืœื”ืชืคืœื, ื‘ื™ื™ื‘ื™,
03:44
โ™ซ it'll never do somehow. โ™ซ
64
224863
2887
ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื• ื–ื” ืœื ื™ืขื–ื•ืจ.
03:47
KF: Okay, now, there's a lot of these.
65
227750
2272
ืง"ืค: ืื•ืงื™, ื›ืขืช ื™ืฉ ืจื‘ื™ื ื›ืืœื•.
03:50
It's been estimated that two thirds of the melodies
66
230022
2014
ืžื•ืขืจืš ืฉืฉื ื™ ืฉืœื™ืฉ ืžื”ื ืขื™ืžื•ืช
03:52
Dylan used in his early songs were borrowed.
67
232036
2543
ืฉื“ื™ืœืŸ ืขืฉื” ื‘ื”ืŸ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื• ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžื™ื ื”ื•ืฉืืœื•.
03:54
This is pretty typical among folk singers.
68
234579
1856
ื–ื” ื˜ื™ืคื•ืกื™ ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื–ืžืจื™ ืขื.
03:56
Here's the advice of Dylan's idol, Woody Guthrie.
69
236435
2363
ื”ื ื” ืขืฆืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืืœื™ืœ ืฉืœ ื“ื™ืœืŸ, ื•ื•ื“ื™ ื’ืืช'ืจื™.
03:58
"The worlds are the important thing.
70
238798
1530
" ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื”ืŸ ืฉื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช.
04:00
Don't worry about tunes. Take a tune,
71
240328
1832
ืืœ ืชื“ืื’ื• ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื ื’ื™ื ื•ืช, ืงื—ื• ืžื ื’ื™ื ื”,
04:02
sing high when they sing low,
72
242160
1676
ืฉื™ืจื• ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื ืฉืจื™ื ื ืžื•ืš,
04:03
sing fast when they sing slow, and you've got a new tune."
73
243836
3208
ืฉื™ืจื• ืžื”ืจ ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื ืฉืจื™ื ืœืื˜ ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืžื ื’ื™ื ื” ื—ื“ืฉื”".
04:07
(Laughter) (Applause)
74
247044
3997
(ืฆื—ื•ืง) (ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
04:11
And that's, that's what Guthrie did right here,
75
251041
1947
ื•ื–ื”, ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื’ืืช'ืจื™ ืขืฉื” ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง,
04:12
and I'm sure you all recognize the results.
76
252988
2607
ื•ืื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉืืชื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืื”.
04:15
(Music)
77
255595
5917
(ืžื•ืกื™ืงื”)
04:21
We know this tune, right? We know it?
78
261512
2395
ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื ื’ื™ื ื” ื”ื–ื•, ื ื›ื•ืŸ? ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื”?
04:23
Actually you don't.
79
263907
1413
ื‘ืขืฆื ืืชื ืœื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื”.
04:25
That is "When the World's on Fire," a very old melody,
80
265320
2684
ื–ื• " ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืืฉ" ืžื ื’ื™ื ื” ื™ืฉื ื” ืžืื•ื“,
04:28
in this case performed by the Carter Family.
81
268004
2261
ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื–ื” ื”ื™ื ืžื‘ื•ืฆืขืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืงืจื˜ืจ.
04:30
Guthrie adapted it into "This Land Is Your Land."
82
270265
2678
ื’ืืช'ืจื™ ืขื™ื‘ื“ ืื•ืชื” ืœ "ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืืจืฆืš".
04:32
So, Bob Dylan, like all folk singers, he copied melodies,
83
272943
4320
ืื–, ื‘ื•ื‘ ื“ื™ืœืŸ, ื›ืžื• ื›ืœ ื–ืžืจื™ ื”ืขื, ื”ืขืชื™ืง ืžื ื’ื™ื ื•ืช,
04:37
he transformed them, he combined them with new lyrics
84
277263
2722
ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื” ืื•ืชื, ื”ื•ื ืฆืจืฃ ืœื”ื ืžื™ืœื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช
04:39
which were frequently their own concoction
85
279985
2397
ืืฉืจ ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœ ื—ื“ืฉ
04:42
of previous stuff.
86
282382
2261
ืžืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื™ืฉื ื™ื.
04:44
Now, American copyright and patent laws run counter
87
284643
3663
ื›ืขืช, ื—ื•ืงื™ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื•ืคื˜ื ื˜ื™ื ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื™ื ื ื•ื’ื“ื™ื
04:48
to this notion that we build on the work of others.
88
288306
2723
ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื• ืฉืื ื• ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื ืฉืœ ืื—ืจื™ื.
04:51
Instead, these laws and laws around the world
89
291029
2667
ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ืืช, ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืืœื• ื•ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืขื•ืœื
04:53
use the rather awkward analogy of property.
90
293696
3722
ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืื ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžื•ื–ืจื” ืฉืœ ืจื›ื•ืฉ.
04:57
Now, creative works may indeed be kind of like property,
91
297418
2443
ื›ืขืช, ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ืช ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ,
04:59
but it's property that we're all building on,
92
299861
2309
ืื•ืœื ื–ื”ื• ืจื›ื•ืฉ ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืขืœื™ื•,
05:02
and creations can only take root and grow
93
302170
2489
ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื•ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ ืจืง
05:04
once that ground has been prepared.
94
304659
2716
ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืงืจืงืข ื”ื•ื›ื ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจืŸ.
05:07
Henry Ford once said, "I invented nothing new.
95
307375
2846
ื”ื ืจื™ ืคื•ืจื“ ืืžืจ ืคืขื, "ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ืžืฆืืชื™ ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ.
05:10
I simply assembled the discoveries of other men
96
310221
2003
ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ืจื›ื‘ืชื™ ื™ื—ื“ ื”ืžืฆืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื
05:12
behind whom were centuries of work.
97
312224
2587
ืืฉืจ ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
05:14
Progress happens when all the factors that make for it
98
314811
2383
ืงื“ืžื” ืžืชืจื—ืฉืช ื›ืืฉืจ ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืฉืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื”
05:17
are ready and then it is inevitable."
99
317194
4030
ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื•ืื– ื”ื™ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืžื ืขืช".
05:21
2007. The iPhone makes it debut.
100
321224
4545
2007. ื”ืื™ื™ืคื•ืŸ ืขื•ืจืš ืืช ื”ื•ืคืขืช ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจื” ืฉืœื•.
05:25
Apple undoubtedly brings this innovation to us early,
101
325769
2667
ืืคืœ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืžืงื“ื™ืžื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ื–ื•,
05:28
but its time was approaching because its core technology
102
328436
2497
ืื‘ืœ ื–ืžื ื” ืžื’ื™ืข ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช
05:30
had been evolving for decades.
103
330933
2046
ื”ืชืคืชื—ื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืžื” ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื.
05:32
That's multi-touch, controlling a device
104
332979
1982
ื–ื” ื”ืžื•ืœื˜ื™ ื˜ืืฆ' (ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืžื’ืข), ื”ืฉื•ืœื˜ ื‘ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ
05:34
by touching its display.
105
334961
1777
ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื’ืข ื‘ืชืฆื•ื’ื”.
05:36
Here is Steve Jobs introducing multi-touch
106
336738
2419
ื”ื ื” ืกื˜ื™ื‘ ื’'ื•ื‘ืก ืžืฆื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืœื˜ื™ ื˜ืืฆ'
05:39
and making a rather foreboding joke.
107
339157
2240
ืชื•ืš ื”ืชื‘ื“ื—ื•ืช ืžื‘ืฉืจืช ืจืขื•ืช
05:41
Steve Jobs: And we have invented a new technology
108
341397
2803
ืกื˜ื™ื‘ ื’'ื•ื‘ืก: ื•ื”ืžืฆืื ื• ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื”
05:44
called multi-touch.
109
344200
2260
ื”ื ืงืจืืช ืžื•ืœื˜ื™ ื˜ืืฆ'.
05:46
You can do multi-fingered gestures on it,
110
346460
2453
ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื‘ืฆืข ืžื—ื•ื•ืช ืชื•ืš ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช,
05:48
and boy have we patented it. (Laughter)
111
348913
3611
ื•ืื ื• ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื”ื•ืฆืื ื• ืขืœ ื›ืš ืคื˜ื ื˜. (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
05:52
KF: Yes. And yet, here is multi-touch in action.
112
352524
4166
ืง"ืค: ืื•ืœื, ื”ื ื” ื”ืžื•ืœื˜ื™ ื˜ืืฆ' ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื”.
05:56
This is at TED, actually, about a year earlier.
113
356690
2021
ื›ืืŸ ื‘TED, ืœืžืขืฉื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ืฉื ื” ืžื•ืงื“ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
05:58
This is Jeff Han, and, I mean, that's multi-touch.
114
358711
2468
ื–ื”ื• ื’'ืฃ ื”ืืŸ, ื•ื”ื ื” ืจืื• ื–ื”ื• ืžื•ืœื˜ื™ ื˜ืืฆ'.
06:01
It's the same animal, at least.
115
361179
1751
ืœืคื—ื•ืช, ื–ื• ืื•ืชื” ื—ื™ื”.
06:02
Let's hear what Jeff Han has to say about this
116
362930
1767
ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืฉืžืข ืžื” ื™ืฉ ืœื’'ืฃ ื”ืืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ืขืœ
06:04
newfangled technology.
117
364697
1826
ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื—ื“ื™ืฉื” ื”ื–ื•.
06:06
Jeff Han: Multi-touch sensing isn't anything --
118
366523
2168
ื’'ืฃ ื”ืืŸ: ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืžื•ืœื˜ื™ ื˜ืืฆ' ืื™ื ื” --
06:08
isn't completely new. I mean, people like Bill Buxton
119
368691
2206
ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ. ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื• ื‘ื™ืœ ื‘ืงืกื˜ื•ืŸ
06:10
have been playing around with it in the '80s.
120
370897
1649
ื”ืฉืชืขืฉืขื• ืขื™ืžื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉืžื•ื ื™ื.
06:12
The technology, you know, isn't the most exciting thing here
121
372546
3199
ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืื™ื ื”, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืจื’ืฉ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืืŸ
06:15
right now other than probably its newfound accessibility.
122
375745
3062
ื‘ืจื’ืข ื–ื” ืื•ืœื™ ืžืœื‘ื“ ื”ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœื”.
06:18
KF: So he's pretty frank about it not being new.
123
378807
1933
ืง"ืค: ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืŸ ืœืžื“ื™ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ื ืื™ื ื” ื—ื“ืฉื”.
06:20
So it's not multi-touch as a whole that's patented.
124
380740
2543
ื›ืš ืฉื–ื” ืœื ืžื•ืœื˜ื™ ื˜ืืฆ' ื›ืžื›ืœื•ืœ ืฉืขืœื™ื• ื”ื•ืฆื ืคื˜ื ื˜.
06:23
It's the small parts of it that are,
125
383283
2137
ืืœื ื—ืœืงื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืžืžื ื”,
06:25
and it's in these small details where
126
385420
1304
ื•ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื•
06:26
we can clearly see patent law contradicting its intent:
127
386724
3118
ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื—ื•ืง ื”ืคื˜ื ื˜ื™ื ืกื•ืชืจ ืืช ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื•:
06:29
to promote the progress of useful arts.
128
389842
3161
ืœืขื•ื“ื“ ืงื™ื“ื•ื ืื•ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื•ืช.
06:33
Here is the first ever slide-to-unlock.
129
393003
3184
ื”ื ื” ื”"ื”ื—ืœืง ืœืคืชื™ื—ื”" ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
06:36
That is all there is to it. Apple has patented this.
130
396187
2869
ื–ื” ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ. ืืคืœ ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื” ืขืœ ื›ืš ืคื˜ื ื˜.
06:39
It's a 28-page software patent, but I will summarize
131
399056
2812
ื–ื”ื• ืคื˜ื ื˜ ืขืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื” ื‘ืŸ 28 ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืืกื›ื
06:41
what it covers. Spoiler alert: Unlocking your phone
132
401868
3936
ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื›ืกื”. ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืกืคื•ื™ื™ืœืจ: ื”ื•ื ืคื•ืชื— ืืช ื ืขื™ืœืช ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ
06:45
by sliding an icon with your finger. (Laughter)
133
405804
2937
ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื—ืœืงื” ืฉืœ ืื™ื™ืงื•ืŸ. (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
06:48
I'm only exaggerating a little bit. It's a broad patent.
134
408741
3017
ืื ื™ ืงืฆืช ืžื’ื–ื™ื. ื–ื”ื• ืคื˜ื ื˜ ืจื—ื‘.
06:51
Now, can someone own this idea?
135
411758
2849
ื›ืขืช, ื”ืื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืขืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”?
06:54
Now, back in the '80s, there were no software patents,
136
414607
2430
ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉืžื•ื ื™ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืคื˜ื ื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื•ืช,
06:57
and it was Xerox that pioneered the graphical user interface.
137
417037
3161
ื•ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื–ื™ืจื•ืงืก ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื—ืœื•ืฆืช ืžืžืฉืง ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื”ื’ืจืคื™.
07:00
What if they had patented pop-up menus,
138
420198
2918
ืžื” ื”ื™ื” ืงื•ืจื” ืื ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ืคื˜ื ื˜ ืขืœ ืชืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ืงื•ืคืฆื™ื,
07:03
scrollbars, the desktop with icons that look like folders
139
423116
4424
ืขืœ ืคืกื™ ื’ืœื™ืœื”, ืขืœ ืฉื•ืœื—ื ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขื ืื™ื™ืงื•ื ื™ื ืฉื ืจืื™ื ื›ืžื• ืชื™ืงื™ื•ืช
07:07
and sheets of paper?
140
427540
1987
ื•ื’ื™ืœื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื ื™ื™ืจ?
07:09
Would a young and inexperienced Apple
141
429527
2349
ื”ืื ืืคืœ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื” ื•ื—ืกืจืช ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ
07:11
have survived the legal assault from a much larger
142
431876
2869
ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื•ืจื“ืช ืžืชืงืคื” ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช ืžื—ื‘ืจื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”
07:14
and more mature company like Xerox?
143
434745
4080
ื•ื‘ื•ื’ืจืช ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ืžื• ื–ื™ืจื•ืงืก?
07:18
Now, this idea that everything is a remix might sound
144
438825
2447
ื›ืขืช, ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืฉื”ื›ืœ ื”ื•ื ืจืžื™ืงืก ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ืฉืžืข
07:21
like common sense until you're the one getting remixed.
145
441272
4127
ื›ื”ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืขื“ ืืฉืจ ืขื•ืจื›ื™ื ืœื›ื ืจืžื™ืงืก.
07:25
For example ...
146
445399
1650
ืœืžืฉืœ...
07:27
SJ: I mean, Picasso had a saying.
147
447049
1239
ืกื˜ื™ื‘ ื’'ื•ื‘ืก: ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ, ืœืคื™ืงืืกื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืื™ืžืจื”.
07:28
He said, "Good artists copy. Great artists steal."
148
448288
3557
ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ, "ืืžื ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืžืขืชื™ืงื™ื. ืืžื ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื’ื•ื ื‘ื™ื".
07:31
And we have, you know,
149
451845
2322
ื•ืื ื—ื ื•, ื›ื™ื“ื•ืข,
07:34
always been shameless about stealing great ideas.
150
454167
3128
ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื—ืกืจื™ ื‘ื•ืฉื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื’ื ื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื.
07:37
KF: Okay, so that's in '96. Here's in 2010.
151
457295
1898
ืง"ืค: ืื•ืงื™, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 96. ื•ื›ืขืช ื”ื ื” ื‘ 2010.
07:39
"I'm going to destroy Android because it's a stolen product."
152
459193
2909
"ืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ืฉืžื™ื“ ืืช ืื ื“ืจื•ืื™ื“ ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืžื•ืฆืจ ื’ื ื•ื‘".
07:42
(Laughter)
153
462102
1542
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
07:43
"I'm willing to go thermonuclear war on this." (Laughter)
154
463644
3639
ืื ื™ ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืœื—ืžื” ืชืจืžื•-ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื–ื”".
07:47
Okay, so in other words, great artists steal, but not from me.
155
467283
3504
ื‘ืกื“ืจ, ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ืืžื ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื’ื•ื ื‘ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืžืžื ื™.
07:50
(Laughter)
156
470787
2351
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
07:53
Now, behavioral economists might refer to this sort of thing as loss aversion
157
473138
3608
ื›ืขืช, ื›ืœื›ืœื ื™ื ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™ื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื›ื ื•ืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืฉื›ื–ื• ื›ืฉื ืืช ื”ืคืกื“.
07:56
We have a strong predisposition towards protecting
158
476746
2219
ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื ื˜ื™ื™ื” ื—ื–ืงื” ืœื”ื’ืŸ
07:58
what we feel is ours.
159
478965
1929
ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ื—ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉืœื ื•.
08:00
We have no such aversion towards copying
160
480894
1918
ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืกืœื™ื“ื” ื›ื–ื• ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื”ืขืชืงื”
08:02
what other people have, because we do that nonstop.
161
482812
2733
ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉืฉื™ื™ืš ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ื›ื™ ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
08:05
So here's the sort of equation we're looking at.
162
485545
2475
ืื– ื”ื ื” ืกื•ื’ ื”ืžืฉื•ื•ืื” ืขืœื™ื” ืื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื˜ื™ื.
08:08
We've got laws that fundamentally treat creative works as property,
163
488020
2657
ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืฉื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ ืจื•ืื™ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ืช ื›ืจื›ื•ืฉ,
08:10
plus massive rewards or settlements
164
490677
2785
ื•ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืชื’ืžื•ืœื™ื ืขืฆื•ืžื™ื ืื• ื”ืกื“ืจื™ื
08:13
in infringement cases, plus huge legal fees
165
493462
2197
ื‘ืชื™ืงื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžืฉืคื˜
08:15
to protect yourself in court,
166
495659
1663
ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžืš ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜,
08:17
plus cognitive biases against perceived loss.
167
497322
3504
ื•ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ื”ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืงื•ื’ื ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื ื’ื“ ืžื” ืฉื ืชืคืก ื›ื”ืคืกื“.
08:20
And the sum looks like this.
168
500826
2143
ื•ื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื” ื ืจืื™ืช ื›ืš.
08:22
That is the last four years of lawsuits
169
502969
2823
ืืœื• ื”ืŸ ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืจื‘ืข ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช
08:25
in the realm of smartphones.
170
505792
2566
ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื.
08:28
Is this promoting the progress of useful arts?
171
508358
5771
ื”ืื ื–ื” ืžืขื•ื“ื“ ืงื“ืžื” ืฉืœ ืื•ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื•ืช?
08:34
1983. Bob Dylan is 42 years old, and his time
172
514129
5768
1983. ื‘ื•ื‘ ื“ื™ืœืŸ ื‘ืŸ 42, ื•ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœื•
08:39
in the cultural spotlight is long since past.
173
519897
3326
ื‘ืื•ืจ ื”ื–ืจืงื•ืจื™ื ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ ืขื‘ืจ ืžื–ืžืŸ.
08:43
He records a song called "Blind Willie McTell,"
174
523223
2609
ื”ื•ื ืžืงืœื™ื˜ ืฉื™ืจ ืฉื ืงืจื" ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ ืžืงื˜ื™ืœ ื”ืขื™ื•ื•ืจ",
08:45
named after the blues singer, and the song
175
525832
2186
ืขืœ ืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ื–ืžืจ ื”ื‘ืœื•ื–, ื•ื”ืฉื™ืจ
08:48
is a voyage through the past, through a much darker time,
176
528018
3670
ื”ื•ื ืžืกืข ืœืขื‘ืจ, ืœื–ืžื ื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื”,
08:51
but a simpler one, a time when musicians like Willie McTell
177
531688
3150
ืื‘ืœ ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ื• ืœืžื•ื–ื™ืงืื™ื ื›ืžื• ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ ืžืงื˜ืœ
08:54
had few illusions about what they did.
178
534838
2520
ื”ื™ื• ืืฉืœื™ื•ืช ืžืขื˜ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืขืฉื•.
08:57
"I jump 'em from other writers
179
537358
2250
"ืื ื™ ื—ื•ื˜ืฃ ืื•ืชื ืžื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื
08:59
but I arrange 'em my own way."
180
539608
2565
ืื‘ืœ ืžืกื“ืจ ืื•ืชื ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉืœื™".
09:02
I think this is mostly what we do.
181
542173
1717
ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ืขื™ืงืจ ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื.
09:03
Our creativity comes from without, not from within.
182
543890
3366
ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืžื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ื•ืœื ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื.
09:07
We are not self-made. We are dependent on one another,
183
547256
2921
ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืชื•ืฆืจ ืฉืœ ืžืขืฉื” ื™ื“ื™ื ื•. ืื ื—ื ื• ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืื—ื“ ื‘ืฉื ื™,
09:10
and admitting this to ourselves isn't an embrace
184
550177
2825
ื•ื”ื›ืจื” ื‘ื›ืš ื›ืœืคื™ ืขืฆืžื ื• ืื™ื ื” ืื™ืžื•ืฅ
09:13
of mediocrity and derivativeness.
185
553002
2834
ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืขืชืงื”.
09:15
It's a liberation from our misconceptions,
186
555836
2633
ื–ื”ื• ื—ื•ืคืฉ ืžืชืคื™ืกื” ืžื•ื˜ืขื™ืช,
09:18
and it's an incentive to not expect so much from ourselves
187
558469
3083
ื•ืชืžืจื™ืฅ ืฉืœื ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืœื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžืขืฆืžื ื•
09:21
and to simply begin.
188
561552
2735
ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ.
09:24
Thank you so much. It was an honor to be here.
189
564287
2950
ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื. ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืืŸ.
09:27
Thank you. (Applause)
190
567237
2777
ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื. (ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
09:30
Thank you. Thank you. (Applause)
191
570014
3384
ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”. ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”. (ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
09:33
Thank you. (Applause)
192
573398
3341
ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”. (ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7