The secret US prisons you've never heard of before | Will Potter

3,201,028 views ใƒป 2015-11-09

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Shlomo Adam ืžื‘ืงืจ: Sigal Tifferet
00:13
Father Daniel Berrigan once said that "writing about prisoners
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ื”ืื‘ ื“ื ื™ืืœ ื‘ืจื™ื’ืŸ ืืžืจ ืคืขื: "ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืชื™ ื›ืœื
00:16
is a little like writing about the dead."
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"ื“ื•ืžื” ืงืฆืช ืœื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืชื™ื."
00:19
I think what he meant is that we treat prisoners as ghosts.
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ื ืจืื” ืœื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื›ืš ืฉืื ื• ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืœืืกื™ืจื™ื ื›ืืœ ืจื•ื—ื•ืช ืจืคืื™ื.
00:22
They're unseen and unheard.
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ื”ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืจืื™ื ื•ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืฉืžืขื™ื.
00:25
It's easy to simply ignore them
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ืงืœ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžื”ื
00:27
and it's even easier when the government goes to great lengths to keep them hidden.
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ื•ื–ื” ืงืœ ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืฉื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื™ื•ืฆืืช ืžื’ื“ืจื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื—ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื.
00:31
As a journalist, I think these stories
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ื›ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืืœื”,
00:33
of what people in power do when no one is watching,
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ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืฉืจืจื” ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื›ืฉืื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื• ืžืกืชื›ืœ,
00:37
are precisely the stories that we need to tell.
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ื”ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืกืคืจ.
00:40
That's why I began investigating
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื—ืงื•ืจ
00:41
the most secretive and experimental prison units in the United States,
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ืืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื ื”ื›ื™ ืกื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื›ื™ ื ืกื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘,
00:45
for so-called "second-tier" terrorists.
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื "ืžืžื“ืจื’ื” ืฉื ื™ื”".
00:49
The government calls these units Communications Management Units or CMUs.
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ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืžื›ื ื” ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืืœื” "ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช", ืื• ืกื™-ืื-ื™ื•.
00:54
Prisoners and guards call them "Little Guantanamo."
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ื”ืืกื™ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืกื•ื”ืจื™ื ืžื›ื ื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ "ื’ื•ื•ืื ื˜ื ืžื• ื”ืงื˜ื ื”".
00:58
They are islands unto themselves.
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ืืœื” ื”ื ืื™ื™ื ืžื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื.
01:01
But unlike Gitmo they exist right here, at home,
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ืื‘ืœ ืฉืœื ื›ืžื• ื’ื•ื•ืื ื˜ื ืžื•, ื”ื ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืžืžืฉ ื›ืืŸ, ื‘ื‘ื™ืช,
01:05
floating within larger federal prisons.
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ื”ื ืฆืคื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื‘ืชื™ ื›ืœื ืคื“ืจืœื™ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
01:09
There are 2 CMUs.
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ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื™ ืžืชืงื ื™ ืกื™-ืื-ื™ื•.
01:10
One was opened inside the prison in Terre Haute, Indiana,
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ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืŸ ื ืคืชื— ื‘ืชื•ืš ื›ืœื ื˜ืจื” ื”ื•ื˜ื” ืฉื‘ืื™ื ื“ื™ืื ื”,
01:14
and the other is inside this prison, in Marion, Illinois.
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ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ - ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื›ืœื ื”ื–ื”, ื›ืœื ืžืจื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืื™ืœื™ื ื•ื™ืก.
01:18
Neither of them underwent the formal review process
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ืœื ื–ื” ื•ืœื ื–ื” ืขื‘ืจื• ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืจืฉืžื™
01:21
that is required by law when they were opened.
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ืฉื”ื—ื•ืง ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืชื•ื— ืื•ืชืŸ.
01:25
CMU prisoners have all been convicted of crimes.
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ื›ืœ ืืกื™ืจื™ ื”ืกื™-ืื-ื™ื• ื”ื•ืจืฉืขื• ื‘ืคืฉืขื™ื.
01:28
Some of their cases are questionable and some involve threats and violence.
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ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื”ืืฉืžื•ืช ืžื•ื˜ืœื•ืช ื‘ืกืคืง ื•ื‘ืื—ืจื•ืช ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ืื™ื•ืžื™ื ื•ืืœื™ืžื•ืช.
01:33
I'm not here to argue the guilt or innocence of any prisoner.
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ืœื ื‘ืืชื™ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืืฉืžื” ืื• ื‘ื—ืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืกื™ืจ ื–ื” ืื• ืื—ืจ.
01:36
I'm here because as Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall said,
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ืื ื™ ื›ืืŸ ื›ื™ ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจ ืฉื•ืคื˜ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืชื•ืจื’ื•ื“ ืžืจืฉืœ:
01:39
"When the prisons and gates slam shut,
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ื›ืฉืฉืขืจื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ืœื ื ืกื’ืจื™ื ื‘ื˜ืจื™ืงื”,
01:42
prisoners do not lose their human quality."
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"ื”ืืกื™ืจื™ื ืื™ื ื ืžืื‘ื“ื™ื ืืช ืื™ื›ื•ืชื ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช."
01:46
Every prisoner I've interviewed has said there are three flecks of light
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ื›ืœ ืืกื™ืจ ืฉืจืื™ื™ื ืชื™ ืืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ 3 ื ื™ืฆื•ืฆื•ืช ืื•ืจ
01:51
in the darkness of prison:
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ื‘ืืคืœืช ื”ื›ืœื:
01:53
phone calls,
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ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ,
01:54
letters
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ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ื
01:56
and visits from family.
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ื•ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช.
01:58
CMUs aren't solitary confinement, but they radically restrict all of these
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ืžืชืงื ื™ ื”ืกื™-ืื-ื™ื• ืื™ื ื ื›ืœื™ืื” ื‘ื‘ื™ื“ื•ื“, ืืš ื”ื ืžื’ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ืืช ื›ืœ ืืœื”
02:02
to levels that meet or exceed the most extreme prisons in the United States.
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ืœืจืžื•ืช ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ืื• ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ืžืืœื• ืฉื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื›ืœื ื”ื›ื™ ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘.
02:06
Their phone calls can be limited to 45 minutes a month,
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื ืœ-45 ื“ืงื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ,
02:09
compared to the 300 minutes other prisoners receive.
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ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœ-300 ื“ืงื•ืช ืฉืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื”ืืกื™ืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื.
02:14
Their letters can be limited to six pieces of paper.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ื”ื ืœ-6 ืคื™ืกื•ืช ื ื™ื™ืจ.
02:17
Their visits can be limited to four hours per month,
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื™ื ืืฆืœื ืœ-4 ืฉืขื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ,
02:19
compared to the 35 hours that people like Olympic Park bomber Eric Rudolph
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ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœ-35 ืฉืขื•ืช ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื• ืžื—ื‘ืœ ื”ืคืืจืง ื”ืื•ืœื™ืžืคื™, ืืจื™ืง ืจื•ื“ื•ืœืฃ,
02:25
receive in the supermax.
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ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื›ืœื ื‘ืื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืžื™ืจื‘ื™ืช.
02:28
On top of that, CMU visits are non-contact which means prisoners are not allowed
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ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืœ, ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืกื™-ืื-ื™ื• ืื™ื ื ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื™ ืžื’ืข,
ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืœืืกื™ืจ ืืกื•ืจ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืง ืขื ืžืฉืคื—ืชื•.
02:33
to even hug their family.
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02:36
As one CMU prisoner said,
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจ ืืกื™ืจ ืกื™-ืื-ื™ื• ืื—ื“:
"ืœื ืžืขื ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ื›ืืŸ, ืืœื ืจืง ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™."
02:38
"We're not being tortured here, except psychologically."
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02:42
The government won't say who is imprisoned here.
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ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœื ืžื•ื›ื ื” ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืžื™ ื›ืœื•ืื™ื ื›ืืŸ,
02:45
But through court documents, open records requests
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืžืกืžื›ื™ ื‘ื™ืช-ืžืฉืคื˜, ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืจืฉื•ืžื•ืช ื’ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ
02:49
and interviews with current and former prisoners,
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ื•ืจืื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืขื ืืกื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื•ื•ื” ื•ื‘ืขื‘ืจ,
02:51
some small windows into the CMUs have opened.
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ืžืชืืคืฉืจืช ื”ืฆืฆื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ืœืชื•ืš ืžืชืงื ื™ ื”ืกื™-ืื-ื™ื•.
02:56
There's an estimated 60 to 70 prisoners here,
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ื”ื”ืขืจื›ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ 60-70 ืืกื™ืจื™ื,
02:59
and they're overwhelmingly Muslim.
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ื•ืจื•ื‘ื ื”ืžื›ืจื™ืข ืžื•ืกืœืžื™ื.
03:01
They include people like Dr. Rafil Dhafir,
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ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื, ื“"ืจ ืจืคื™ืœ ื“ืืคื™ืจ,
ืฉื”ืคืจ ืืช ื”ืขื•ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื˜ืœื• ืขืœ ืขื™ืจืง ื•ืฉืœื— ืืกืคืงื” ืจืคื•ืื™ืช
03:05
who violated the economic sanctions on Iraq by sending medical supplies
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉื.
03:09
for the children there.
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03:11
They've included people like Yassin Aref.
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ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื• ื™ืืกื™ืŸ ืขืืจืฃ.
03:14
Aref and his family fled to New York from Saddam Hussein's Iraq as refugees.
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ืขืืจืฃ ื•ืžืฉืคื—ืชื• ื‘ืจื—ื• ืœื ื™ื•-ื™ื•ืจืง ื›ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ืžืขื™ืจืง ืฉืœ ืกื“ืื ื—ื•ืกื™ื™ืŸ.
03:20
He was arrested in 2004 as part of an FBI sting.
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ื”ื•ื ื ืขืฆืจ ื‘-2004 ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืžื‘ืฆืข ืขื•ืงืฅ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื•ืœืฉืช ื”ืคื“ืจืœื™ืช.
03:24
Aref is an imam and he was asked to bear witness to a loan,
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ืขืืจืฃ ื”ื•ื ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ื“ืชื™, ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื‘ืงืฉ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื“ ืœื”ืœื•ื•ืื”,
03:28
which is a tradition in Islamic culture.
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ืฉื–ื• ืžืกื•ืจืช ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืื™ืกืœื.
03:30
It turned out that one of the people involved in the loan was trying to enlist
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ื”ืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉืื—ื“ ื”ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ื ื™ืกื” ืœื’ื™ื™ืก
03:34
someone else in a fake attack.
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ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ ืœืคื™ื’ื•ืข ืžื“ื•ืžื”.
03:37
Aref didn't know.
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ืขืืจืฃ ืœื ื™ื“ืข ื–ืืช.
03:39
For that, he was convicted
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ื‘ืฉืœ ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืจืฉืข
03:40
of conspiracy to provide material support to a terrorist group.
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ื‘ืงืฉื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ืœืกืคืง ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื—ื•ืžืจื™ืช ืœืชื ืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื.
03:46
The CMUs also include some non-Muslim prisoners.
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ื‘ืžืชืงื ื™ ื”ืกื™-ืื-ื™ื• ื™ืฉ ื’ื ื›ืžื” ืืกื™ืจื™ื ืœื-ืžื•ืกืœืžื™ื.
03:49
The guards call them "balancers,"
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ื”ืกื•ื”ืจื™ื ืžื›ื ื™ื ืื•ืชื "ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ",
03:52
meaning they help balance out the racial numbers,
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื”ื ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœืื–ืŸ ืืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื–ืขื™ื,
03:55
in hopes of deflecting law suits.
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ื‘ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืœื”ื“ื•ืฃ ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื•ืช.
03:58
These balancers include animal rights and environmental activists
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"ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ" ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ืคืขื™ืœื™ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื™-ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”
04:01
like Daniel McGowan.
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ื›ืžื• ื“ื ื™ืืœ ืžืง'ื’ื•ื•ืืŸ.
04:03
McGowan was convicted of participating in two arsons
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ืžืง'ื’ื•ื•ืืŸ ื”ื•ืจืฉืข ื‘ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื”ืฆืชื•ืช
04:06
in the name of defending the environment
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ื‘ืฉื ื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”
04:08
as part of the Earth Liberation Front.
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ื›ื—ื‘ืจ ื‘"ื—ื–ื™ืช ืœืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ".
04:11
During his sentencing, he was afraid that he would be sent
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืžืฉืคื˜ื•, ื”ื•ื ืคื—ื“ ืฉืžื ื™ื™ืฉืœื—
04:14
to a rumored secret prison for terrorists.
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ืœื›ืœื ืกื•ื“ื™ ืœืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ืฉืžืข ืžืžื™ืฉื”ื•.
04:17
The judge dismissed all those fears,
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ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ ืคื˜ืจ ืืช ืคื—ื“ื™ื•,
04:19
saying that they weren't supported by any facts.
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ื•ืืžืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืขืœ ืžื” ืœื”ืกืชืžืš.
04:22
But that might be because the government hasn't fully explained
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœื ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื” ืœื’ืžืจื™
04:25
why some prisoners end up in a CMU,
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ืžื“ื•ืข ืืกื™ืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืกื™-ืื-ื™ื•,
04:28
and who is responsible for these decisions.
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ื•ืžื™ ืื—ืจืื™ ืœื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”.
04:32
When McGowan was transferred, he was told
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ื›ืฉืžืง'ื’ื•ื•ืืŸ ื”ื•ืขื‘ืจ ืœื›ืœื, ื ืืžืจ ืœื•
04:34
it's because he is a "domestic terrorist,"
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ืฉื–ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื•ื "ืžื—ื‘ืœ ืžื‘ื™ืช",
04:37
a term the FBI uses repeatedly when talking about environmental activists.
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ืžื•ื ื— ืฉื”ื‘ื•ืœืฉืช ืžืฉืชืžืฉืช ื‘ื• ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืคืขื™ืœื™ ื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”.
04:42
Now, keep in mind there are about 400 prisoners in US prisons
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ื–ื™ื›ืจื•, ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื›ืœื ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ื™ืฉ ื›-400 ืืกื™ืจื™ื
04:46
who are classified as terrorists,
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ืฉืžืกื•ื•ื’ื™ื ื›ืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื,
04:48
and only a handful of them are in the CMUs.
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ื•ืจืง ืงื•ืžืฅ ืžื”ื ื›ืœื•ืื™ื ื‘ืžืชืงื ื™ ืกื™-ืื-ื™ื•.
04:51
In McGowan's case, he was previously at a low-security prison
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ืžืง'ื’ื•ื•ืืŸ ืขืฆืžื• ืฉื”ื” ืงื•ื“ื ื‘ื›ืœื ื‘ืื‘ื˜ื—ื” ื ืžื•ื›ื”
04:54
and he had no communications violations.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืœื ืขื‘ืจ ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช.
04:59
So, why was he moved?
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ืื– ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืขื‘ืจ?
05:02
Like other CMU prisoners,
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ื›ืžื• ืืกื™ืจื™ ืกื™-ืื-ื™ื• ืจื‘ื™ื,
05:03
McGowan repeatedly asked for an answer, a hearing,
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ืžืง'ื’ื•ื•ืืŸ ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ืœืงื™ื™ื ืฉื™ืžื•ืข,
05:07
or some opportunity for an appeal.
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ืื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ื›ืœืฉื”ื™ ืœืขืจืขืจ.
05:10
This example from another prisoner shows how those requests are viewed.
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ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื–ื• ืžืืกื™ืจ ืื—ืจ ืžืจืื” ืืช ื”ื™ื—ืก ืœื‘ืงืฉื•ืชื™ื•.
05:15
"Wants a transfer." "Told him no."
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"ืจื•ืฆื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื”." "ืืžืจืชื™ ืœื• 'ืœื'."
05:19
At one point, the prison warden himself recommended McGowan's transfer
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ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืžืกื•ื™ื ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ื›ืœื ืขืฆืžื• ื”ืžืœื™ืฅ ืขืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืง'ื’ื•ื•ืืŸ
05:23
out of the CMU citing his good behavior,
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ืžืืชืจ ื”ืกื™-ืื-ื™ื• ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื• ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื”,
05:26
but the warden was overruled
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืงืฉืชื• ื ื“ื—ืชื”
05:28
by the Bureau of Prison's Counterterrorism Unit,
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ืข"ื™ ืœืฉื›ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืœืœื—ื™ืžื” ื‘ื˜ืจื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื›ืœื,
05:31
working with the Joint Terrorism Task Force of the FBI.
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ืฉืขื‘ื“ื” ื‘ืฆืžื•ื“ ืœื›ื•ื— ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื•ืœืฉืช ืœืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ื˜ืจื•ืจ.
05:35
Later I found out that McGowan was really sent to a CMU
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ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ืฉืžืง'ื’ื•ื•ืืŸ ื‘ืขืฆื ื ืฉืœื— ืœืกื™-ืื-ื™ื•
05:38
not because of what he did,
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ืœื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื”,
05:40
but what he has said.
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ืืœื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืžื” ืฉืืžืจ.
05:42
A memo from the Counterterrorism Unit cited McGowan's "anti-government beliefs."
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ืชื–ื›ื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื ื’ื“ ื˜ืจื•ืจ ืฆื™ื˜ื˜ ืืช "ืืžื•ื ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืื ื˜ื™-ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช" ืฉืœ ืžืง'ื’ื•ื•ืืŸ.
05:48
While imprisoned, he continued writing about environmental issues,
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ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ื‘ื›ืœื, ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”,
05:51
saying that activists must reflect on their mistakes
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ื•ืืžืจ ืฉื”ืคืขื™ืœื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืชื™ื”ื
05:54
and listen to each other.
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ื•ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ ื–ื” ืœื–ื”.
05:56
Now, in fairness, if you've spent any time at all in Washington, DC,
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ื•ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ื”ื’ื™ื ื•ืช, ืžื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืœื” ืชืงื•ืคื” ื›ืœืฉื”ื™ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื”,
ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื–ืืช ืชืคื™ืฉื” ืจื“ื™ืงืœื™ืช ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”.
06:00
you know this is really a radical concept for the government.
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06:04
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
06:06
I actually asked to visit McGowan in the CMU.
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ื‘ื™ืงืฉืชื™ ืœื‘ืงืจ ืืช ืžืง'ื’ื•ื•ืืŸ ื‘ืกื™-ืื-ื™ื•.
06:10
And I was approved.
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ื”ื‘ืงืฉื” ืื•ืฉืจื” ืœื™.
06:12
That came as quite a shock.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ืœื.
06:14
First, because as I've discussed on this stage before,
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ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื›ื™ ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจืชื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืขืœ ื”ื‘ืžื” ื”ื–ืืช,
06:19
I learned that the FBI has been monitoring my work.
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ื ื•ื“ืข ืœื™ ืฉื”ื‘ื•ืœืฉืช ืขื•ืงื‘ืช ืื—ืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื™.
06:23
Second, because it would make me the first and only journalist to visit a CMU.
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ืฉื ื™ืช, ื›ื™ ืื– ืื”ื™ื” ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉื‘ื™ืงืจ ื‘ืกื™-ืื-ื™ื•.
06:29
I had even learned
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ื ื•ื“ืข ืœื™ ืืคื™ืœื•,
06:30
through the Bureau of Prisons Counterterrorism Unit,
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ื“ืจืš ืœืฉื›ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืœืœื—ื™ืžื” ื‘ื˜ืจื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื›ืœื
06:33
that they had been monitoring my speeches about CMUs, like this one.
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ืฉื”ื ืขื•ืงื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจ ื”ื ืื•ืžื™ื ืฉืœื™ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืกื™-ืื-ื™ื•, ื›ืžื• ื–ื”.
06:39
So how could I possibly be approved to visit?
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ืื– ืื™ืš ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืื ื™ ืจืฉืื™ ืœื‘ืงืจ?
06:43
A few days before I went out to the prison, I got an answer.
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ื™ืžื™ื ืžืกืคืจ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœืื•ืชื• ื›ืœื, ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”.
06:48
I was allowed to visit McGowan as a friend, not a journalist.
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ื”ื•ืจืฉื™ืชื™ ืœื‘ืงืจ ืืช ืžืง'ื’ืื•ื•ืŸ ื›ื—ื‘ืจ, ืœื ื›ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™.
06:52
Journalists are not allowed here.
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ืœืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ื ืœื ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื›ืืŸ.
06:54
McGowan was told by CMU officials that if I asked any questions
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ืœืžืง'ื’ืื•ื•ืŸ ื ืืžืจ ืžืคื™ ืงืฆื™ื ื™ ืกื™-ืื-ื™ื• ืฉืื ืืฉืืœ ืฉืืœื•ืช
06:58
or published any story,
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ืื• ืืคืจืกื ื›ืœ ื›ืชื‘ื” ืฉื”ื™ื,
07:00
that he would be punished for my reporting.
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ื™ืขื ื™ืฉื• ืื•ืชื• ืขืœ ื”ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืฉืœื™.
07:04
When I arrived for our visit, the guards reminded me
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ื›ืฉื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืœื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ, ื”ืกื•ื”ืจื™ื ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจื• ืœื™
07:06
that they knew who I was and knew about my work.
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ืฉื”ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื™ ืื ื™ ื•ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื™.
07:09
And they said that if I attempted to interview McGowan,
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ื•ื”ื ืืžืจื• ืฉืื ืื ืกื” ืœืจืื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ืžืง'ื’ืื•ื•ืŸ,
07:11
the visit would be terminated.
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ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื™ื•ืคืกืง.
07:14
The Bureau of Prisons describes CMUs as "self-contained housing units."
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ืœืฉื›ืช ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกื•ื”ืจ ืžืชืืจืช ืืช ื”ืกื™-ืื-ื™ื• ื›"ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื“ื™ื•ืจ ืขืฆืžืื™ื•ืช."
07:20
But I think that's an Orwellian way of describing black holes.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™, ื–ื”ื• ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืื•ืจื•ื•ืœื™ืื ื™ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืจ ืฉื—ื•ืจ.
07:24
When you visit a CMU,
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ื›ืฉืืชื ืžื‘ืงืจื™ื ื‘ืกื™-ืื-ื™ื•,
07:25
you go through all the security checkpoints that you would expect.
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ืืชื ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื ืžืฆืคื™ื ืœื”ืŸ.
07:29
But then the walk to the visitation room is silent.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื—"ื›, ื”ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ืœื—ื“ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื™ื ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื‘ื“ืžืžื”.
07:33
When a CMU prisoner has a visit, the rest of the prison is on lockdown.
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ื›ืฉืืกื™ืจ ืกื™-ืื-ื™ื• ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ, ื”ื›ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ื ื ืขืœ.
07:39
I was ushered into a small room,
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ื”ื—ื™ืฉื• ืื•ืชื™ ืœืชื•ืš ื—ื“ืจ ืงื˜ืŸ,
07:40
so small my outstretched arms could touch each wall.
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ื›ื” ืงื˜ืŸ, ืฉื–ืจื•ืขื•ืชื™ ื”ืžืชื•ื—ื•ืช ื ื’ืขื• ื‘ืงื™ืจื•ืช.
07:44
There was a grapefruit-sized orb in the ceiling
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ื‘ืชืงืจื” ื”ื™ื” ืงื‘ื•ืข ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืืฉื›ื•ืœื™ืช
07:47
for the visit to be live-monitored by the Counterterrorism Unit
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ืœืžืขืงื‘ ื—ื™ ืžืฆื“ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืœืœื•ื—ืžื” ื‘ื˜ืจื•ืจ
07:50
in West Virginia.
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ื‘ืžืขืจื‘ ื•ื™ืจื’'ื™ื ื™ื”.
07:52
The unit insists that all the visits have to be in English for CMU prisoners,
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ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื“ืจืฉื” ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื™ื ื™ืชื ื”ืœื• ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืžืฆื“ ื”ืืกื™ืจื™ื,
ื•ื–ื” ืงื•ืฉื™ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื”ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืกืœืžื™ื•ืช.
07:57
which is an additional hardship for many of the Muslim families.
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08:00
There is a thick sheet of foggy, bulletproof glass
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ื™ืฉื ื” ืžื—ื™ืฆื” ืขื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช ืขื›ื•ืจื” ื•ื—ืกื™ื ืช-ื™ืจื™
ื•ื‘ืฆื™ื“ื” ื”ืื—ืจ ื”ื™ื” ื“ื ื™ืืœ ืžืง'ื’ืื•ื•ืŸ.
08:04
and on the other side was Daniel McGowan.
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08:08
We spoke through these handsets attached to the wall
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ืฉื•ื—ื—ื ื• ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืฉืคื•ืคืจื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœืงื™ืจ
08:10
and talked about books and movies.
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ื•ื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ืขืœ ืกืคืจื™ื ื•ืขืœ ืกืจื˜ื™ื.
08:13
We did our best to find reasons to laugh.
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ืขืฉื™ื ื• ื›ืžื™ื˜ื‘ ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืฆื—ื•ืง.
08:16
To fight boredom and amuse himself while in the CMU,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ืฉืขืžื•ื ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื“ืจ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืฉื”ื•ืชื• ื‘ืกื™-ืื-ื™ื•.
08:19
McGowan had been spreading a rumor that I was secretly the president
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ืžืง'ื’ืื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืคื™ืฅ ืฉืžื•ืขื” ืื ื™ ืžื›ื”ืŸ ื‘ื—ืฉืื™
08:23
of a Twilight fan club in Washington, DC
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ื›ื ืฉื™ื ืžื•ืขื“ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืขืจื™ืฆื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืกื“ืจื” "ื“ืžื“ื•ืžื™ื" ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื”.
08:27
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
08:29
For the record, I'm not.
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ืœืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืงื•ืœ, ื–ื” ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
08:32
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
08:33
But I kind of the hope the FBI now thinks that Bella and Edward
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื“ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื”ื‘ื•ืœืฉืช ืชื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ืขืช ืฉ"ื‘ืœื”" ื•"ืื“ื•ืืจื“"
08:37
are terrorist code names.
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ื”ื ืฉืžื•ืช ืงื•ื“ ืฉืœ ืžื—ื‘ืœื™ื.
08:39
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
08:42
During our visit, McGowan spoke most and at length about his niece Lily,
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ, ืžืง'ื’ืื•ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขืœ ืื—ื™ื™ื ื™ืชื•, ืœื™ืœื™,
08:48
his wife Jenny and how torturous it feels to never be able to hug them,
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ืขืœ ืืฉืชื•, ื’'ื ื™, ื•ืกื™ืคืจ ืื™ื–ื” ืขื™ื ื•ื™ ื–ื” ืœื—ื•ืฉ ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœื• ืœื—ื‘ืง ืื•ืชืŸ,
08:54
to never be able to hold their hands.
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ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœื• ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื”ืŸ.
08:58
Three months after our visit, McGowan was transferred out of the CMU
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3 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ, ืžืง'ื’ืื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืขื‘ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืกื™-ืื-ื™ื•
09:01
and then, without warning, he was sent back again.
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ื•ืื–, ืœืœื ื”ืชืจืื”, ื”ื•ื—ื–ืจ ืœืฉื.
09:05
I had published leaked CMU documents on my website
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ืคืจืกืžืชื™ ื‘ืืชืจ ืฉืœื™ ืžืกืžื›ื™ ืกื™-ืื-ื™ื• ืฉื”ื•ื“ืœืคื•
09:10
and the Counterterrorism Unit said that McGowan had called his wife
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ื•ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ื”ืœื•ื—ืžื” ื‘ื˜ืจื•ืจ ืืžืจื” ืฉืžืง'ื’ืื•ื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ืœืคืŸ ืœืืฉืชื•
09:13
and asked her to mail them.
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ื•ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืžืžื ื” ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืœื™ ืื•ืชื.
09:16
He wanted to see what the government was saying about him,
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ื”ื•ื ืจืฆื” ืœืจืื•ืช ืžื” ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืื•ืžืจืช ืขืœื™ื•,
09:19
and for that he was sent back to the CMU.
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ื•ื‘ืฉืœ ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื ืฉืœื— ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืกื™-ืื-ื™ื•.
09:21
When he was finally released at the end of his sentence,
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ื›ืฉื”ืฉืชื—ืจืจ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืกื™ื™ื ืœืจืฆื•ืช ืืช ืขื•ื ืฉื•,
09:24
his story got even more Kafkaesque.
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ืกื™ืคื•ืจื• ื ืขืฉื” ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืคืงืื™.
09:27
He wrote an article for the Huffington Post headlined,
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ื”ื•ื ื›ืชื‘ ืžืืžืจ ืœ"ื”ืืคื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ ืคื•ืกื˜" ืชื—ืช ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช:
09:29
"Court Documents Prove I was Sent to a CMU for my Political Speech."
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"ืžืกืžื›ื™ ื‘ื™ืช-ืžืฉืคื˜ ืžื•ื›ื™ื—ื™ื ืฉื ืฉืœื—ืชื™ ืœืกื™-ืื-ื™ื• ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืื•ืช ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช."
09:34
The next day he was thrown back in jail for his political speech.
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ืœืžื—ืจืช ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืฉืœืš ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื›ืœื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืื•ืชื• ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช.
09:40
His attorneys quickly secured his release,
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ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื• ืžื™ื”ืจื• ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ืื•ืชื•,
09:42
but the message was very clear:
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžืกืจ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื›ืฉืžืฉ:
09:45
Don't talk about this place.
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"ืืœ ืชื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ื–ื”."
09:48
Today, nine years after they were opened by the Bush administration,
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ื”ื™ื•ื, 9 ืฉื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื ื•ืกื“ื• ืข"ื™ ืžืžืฉืœ ื‘ื•ืฉ,
09:53
the government is codifying how and why CMUs were created.
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ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืžื ืกื—ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืชืงื ื•ื ื™ื ืœื™ื™ืกื•ื“ื.
09:57
According to the Bureau of Prisons,
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ืœืคื™ ืœืฉื›ืช ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกื•ื”ืจ,
09:59
they are for prisoners with "inspirational significance."
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ื”ื ื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœืืกื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ "ื›ื•ืฉืจ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™".
10:04
I think that is very nice way of saying these are political prisons
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ืœื“ืขืชื™, ื–ืืช ื“ืจืš ื™ืคื” ืžืื“ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืืœื” ื”ื ื‘ืชื™ ื›ืœื ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื™ื
10:08
for political prisoners.
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ืฉืžื™ื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœืืกื™ืจื™ื ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื™ื.
10:10
Prisoners are sent to a CMU because of their race,
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ืืกื™ืจื™ื ื ืฉืœื—ื™ื ืœืกื™-ืื-ื™ื• ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืžื•ืฆืื ื”ื’ื–ืขื™,
10:13
their religion or their political beliefs.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื“ืชื ืื• ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืืžื•ื ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช.
10:16
Now, if you think that characterization is too strong,
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ื•ืื ืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื–ื”ื• ืื™ืคื™ื•ืŸ ื ื•ืงืฉื” ืžื“ื™,
10:19
just look at some of the government's own documents.
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ืจืื• ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืขืฆืžื”.
10:22
When some of McGowan's mail was rejected by the CMU, the sender was told
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ื›ืฉื“ื•ืืจ ืฉืœ ืžืง'ื’ืื•ื•ืŸ ื ืคืกืœ ืข"ื™ ื”ืกื™-ืื-ื™ื•, ื ืืžืจ ืœืฉื•ืœื—
10:26
it's because the letters were intended "for political prisoners."
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ืฉื–ื” ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ื ื ืžืขื ื• ืืœ "ืืกื™ืจื™ื ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื™ื".
10:31
When another prisoner, animal rights activist Andy Stepanian,
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ื›ืฉืืกื™ืจ ืื—ืจ, ืคืขื™ืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืื ื“ื™ ืกื˜ืคื ื™ืืŸ,
10:35
was sent to a CMU, it was because of his anti-government and anti-corporate views.
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ื ืฉืœื— ืœืกื™-ืื-ื™ื•, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืขืงื‘ ื“ืขื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืื ื˜ื™-ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืื ื˜ื™-ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื•ืช.
10:41
Now, I know all of this may be hard to believe,
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ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉืงืฉื” ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ืœื›ืœ ื–ื”,
10:44
that it's happening right now, and in the United States.
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ืœื›ืš ืฉื–ื” ืงื•ืจื” ืžืžืฉ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘.
10:49
But the unknown reality is that the US has a dark history
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืœื-ืžื•ื›ืจืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืœืืจื”"ื‘ ื™ืฉ ืขื‘ืจ ืืคืœ
10:52
of disproportionately punishing people because of their political beliefs.
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ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ืฉื” ื—ืกืจืช-ืคืจื•ืคื•ืจืฆื™ื•ืช ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืืžื•ื ื•ืช ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช.
10:57
In the 1960s, before Marion was home to the CMU,
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ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-60 ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”-20, ืœืคื ื™ ืฉ"ืžืจื™ื•ืŸ" ืฉื™ืžืฉ ืงื•ืจืช-ื’ื’ ืœืกื™-ืื-ื™ื•,
11:02
it was home to the notorious Control Unit.
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืžืฉ ืงื•ืจืช-ื’ื’ ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื”ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ืœืฉืžืฆื”.
11:05
Prisoners were locked down in solitary for 22 hours a day.
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ื”ืืกื™ืจื™ื ื ื•ืชืจื• ื ืขื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ื“ื•ื“ 22 ืฉืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืžืžื”.
11:10
The warden said the unit was to "control revolutionary attitudes."
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ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ื›ืœื ืืžืจ ืฉื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื ื•ืขื“ื” "ืœืคืงื— ืขืœ ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืžื”ืคื›ื ื™ื•ืช."
11:16
In the 1980s, another experiment called the Lexington High Security Unit
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ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-80, ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ื ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืฉื "ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ื›ืœื ืื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืžื™ืจื‘ื™ืช ืœืงืกื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ"
11:21
held women connected to the Weather Underground,
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ื”ืืฉื™ืžื” ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœ"ืžื—ืชืจืช ืžื–ื’ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ",
11:24
Black Liberation and Puerto Rican independent struggles.
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ืžืื‘ืงื™ื ืขืฆืžืื™ื™ื ืœืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจื™ื ื•ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืคื•ืจื˜ื•-ืจื™ืงื ื™ื™ื.
11:27
The prison radically restricted communication and used sleep deprivation,
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ื”ื›ืœื ื”ื’ื‘ื™ืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ืืช ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื•ื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืžื ื™ืขืช ืฉื™ื ื”
11:32
and constant light for so-called "ideological conversion."
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ื•ืชืื•ืจื” ืžืชืžื“ืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš "ื”ืžืจื” ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช."
11:37
Those prisons were eventually shut down, but only through the campaigning
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ื‘ืชื™ ื›ืœื ืืœื” ื ืกื’ืจื• ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ืืš ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืžืื‘ืง
11:43
of religious groups and human rights advocates, like Amnesty International.
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ืฉืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื“ืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืชื•ืžื›ื™ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื, ื›ืžื• "ืืžื ืกื˜ื™" ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช.
11:48
Today, civil rights lawyers with the Center for Constitutional Rights
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ื›ื™ื•ื, ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืžืจื›ื– ืœื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ืงืชื™ื•ืช
11:52
are challenging CMUs in court
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ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืืช ืžืชืงื ื™ ื”ืกื™-ืื-ื™ื• ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜
11:54
for depriving prisoners of their due process rights
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ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื”ื ืžื•ื ืขื™ื ืžืืกื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื–ื›ื•ืชื ืœื”ืœื™ืš ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืชืงื™ืŸ
11:57
and for retaliating against them
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ื•ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื”ื ืคื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ื”ื
11:59
for their protected political and religious speech.
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ื›ืฉื”ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืชื ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ืช ืœื—ื•ืคืฉ ื“ืชื™ ื•ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™.
12:03
Many of these documents would have never come to light without this lawsuit.
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ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืืœื” ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืื•ืจ ืœืœื ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช ื–ืืช.
12:08
The message of these groups and my message for you today
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ื”ืžืกืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื”ืืœื”, ื•ื”ืžืกืจ ืฉืœื™ ืืœื™ื›ื ื”ื™ื•ื
12:13
is that we must bear witness to what is being done to these prisoners.
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืฉืžืฉ ืขื“ื™ื ืœืžื” ืฉืžืขื•ืœืœื™ื ืœืืกื™ืจื™ื ืืœื”.
12:16
Their treatment is a reflection of the values held beyond prison walls.
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ื”ื™ื—ืก ื›ืœืคื™ื”ื ืžืฉืงืฃ ืืช ื”ืขืจื›ื™ื ืฉืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื—ื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื.
12:22
This story is not just about prisoners.
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ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืื™ื ื ื• ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืืกื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“,
12:24
It is about us.
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ืืœื ื’ื ื‘ื ื•;
ื‘ืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืœื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื
12:27
It is about our own commitment to human rights.
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12:29
It is about whether we will choose to stop repeating the mistakes of our past.
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ื•ื‘ืฉืืœื” ืื ื ื‘ื—ืจ ืฉืœื ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืขืœ ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช ืขื‘ืจื ื•.
12:35
If we don't listen to what Father Berrigan described as the stories of the dead,
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ืื ืœื ื ืงืฉื™ื‘ ืœืžื” ืฉื”ืื‘ ื“ื ื™ืืœ ื‘ืจื™ื’ืŸ ืชื™ืืจ ื›"ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ ื”ืžืชื™ื",
12:40
they will soon become the stories of ourselves.
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ื”ื ื™ื™ืขืฉื• ื‘ืžื”ืจื” ืœืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื• ืื ื•.
12:42
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
12:44
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
12:51
(Applause ends)
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(ืกื•ืฃ ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื”ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
12:53
Tom Rielly: I have a couple questions.
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ื˜ื•ื ืจื™ื™ืœื™: ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉืืœื•ืช.
12:55
When I was in high school, I learned about the Bill of Rights,
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ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ, ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืื•ื“ื•ืช ืžื’ื™ืœืช ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช,
12:59
the Constitution, freedom of speech,
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ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืงื”, ืขืœ ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ,
13:02
due process and about 25 other laws and rights
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ืขืœ ื”ืœื™ืš ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืชืงื™ืŸ ื•ืขืœ ืขื•ื“ 25 ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื•ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช
13:07
that seem to be violated by this.
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ืฉืืช ื›ื•ืœื ื–ื” ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจืื” ืžืคืจ.
13:09
How could this possibly be happening?
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ืื™ืš ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ืงื•ืจื”?
13:12
Will Potter: I think that's the number one question I get
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ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืคื•ื˜ืจ: ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืื ื™ ืชืžื™ื“ ื ืฉืืœ
13:15
throughout all of my work,
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ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™,
13:17
and the short answer is that people don't know.
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ื•ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ืงืฆืจื” ื”ื™ื, ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื.
13:20
I think the solution to any of these types of situations, any rights abuses,
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ืœื“ืขืชื™, ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ืœื›ืœ ื‘ื™ื–ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช,
13:24
are really dependent on two things.
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ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืขืฆื ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
13:26
They're dependent on knowledge that it's actually happening
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ื”ื•ื ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื” ืื›ืŸ ืงื•ืจื™ื
13:29
and then a means and efficacy to actually make a change.
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ื•ื‘ืืžืฆืขื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืชื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื•ืœืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืืžื™ืชื™.
13:33
And unfortunately with these prisoners,
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ื•ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืฆืขืจ, ื›ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืืกื™ืจื™ื ืืœื”,
13:35
one, people don't know what's happening at all
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1. ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืžื” ืงื•ืจื”,
13:38
and then they're already disenfranchised populations
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ื•-2, ืืœื” ืžืžื™ืœื ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืคื—ื•ืช
13:41
who don't have access to attorneys, not native English speakers.
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ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืŸ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืขื•ืจื›ื™-ื“ื™ืŸ, ื•ื”ื ืœื ื“ื•ื‘ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื›ืฉืคืช-ืื.
13:45
In some of these cases, they have great representation that I mentioned,
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ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ ื ื”ื“ืจ, ืฉืื•ืชื• ืฆื™ื™ื ืชื™,
13:48
but there's just not a public awareness of what's happening.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืžืกืคื™ืง ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื”.
13:51
TR: Isn't it guaranteed in prison that you have right to council
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ื˜"ืจ: ื”ืื ื”ื›ืœื ืœื ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื—ื•ืงื™
13:54
or access to council?
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ืื• ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืคืจืงืœื™ื˜?
13:56
WP: There's a tendency in our culture
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ื•"ืค: ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื™ืฉ ื ื˜ื™ื”
13:58
to see when people have been convicted of a crime,
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ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžื•ืืฉื ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืคืฉืข,
14:01
no matter if that charge was bogus or legitimate,
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื–ื• ื”ืืฉืžื” ื›ื•ื–ื‘ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื—ื•ืงื™ืช,
14:03
that whatever happens to them after that is warranted.
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ืฉื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ืœื• ืื—ืจื™ ื–ื”, ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื•.
14:06
And I think that's a really damaging and dangerous narrative that we have,
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ื•ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื”ื ืจื˜ื™ื‘ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœื ื• ืžื–ื™ืง ื•ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ ืžืื“,
14:10
that allows these types of things to happen,
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ื”ื ืจื˜ื™ื‘ ืฉืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืืœื” ืœืงืจื•ืช,
14:12
as the general public just kind of turns a blind eye to it.
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ื›ืฉื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื‘ื•ื—ืจ ืฉืœื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”.
14:16
TR: All those documents on screen were all real documents, word for word,
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ื˜"ืจ: ื›ืœ ื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืฉื”ืฆื’ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืš ื”ื™ื• ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื, ืžื™ืœื” ื‘ืžื™ืœื”,
14:21
unchanged at all, right?
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ืœืœื ืฉื•ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
14:23
WP: Absolutely. I've actually uploaded all of them to my website.
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ื•"ืค: ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜. ื”ืขืœื™ืชื™ ืืช ื›ื•ืœื ื’ื ืœืืชืจ ืฉืœื™.
14:26
It's willpotter.com/CMU and it's a footnoted version of the talk,
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willpotter.com/CMU
ื•ื–ื• ื”ื”ืจืฆืื” ื”ื–ืืช ืขื ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื,
14:31
so you can see the documents for yourself without the little snippets.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ืขืฆืžื›ื ืืช ื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืœืœื ื”ืžื•ื‘ืื•ืช ืžื”ื.
14:34
You can see the full version.
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ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื’ื™ืจืกื” ื”ืžืœืื”.
14:36
I relied overwhelmingly on primary source documents
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ื”ืกืชืžื›ืชื™ ืœื›ืœ ืื•ืจืš ื”ื“ืจืš ืขืœ ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืžืžืงื•ืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ
14:39
or on primary interviews with former and current prisoners,
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ืื• ืขืœ ืจืื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืžืžืงื•ืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืขื ืืกื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื•ื‘ื”ื•ื•ื”,
14:42
with people that are dealing with this situation every day.
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ืขื ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืขื ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื” ืžื™ื“ื™ ื™ื•ื ื‘ื™ื•ืžื•.
ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจืชื™, ื’ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฉื ื‘ืขืฆืžื™.
14:45
And like I said, I've been there myself, as well.
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14:47
TR: You're doing courageous work.
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ื˜"ืจ: ืืชื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืžืœืื›ื” ืืžื™ืฆื”.
14:49
WP: Thank you very much. Thank you all.
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ื•"ืค: ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœืš. ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื•ืœื›ื.
14:51
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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