Chris Gerdes: The future race car -- 150mph, and no driver

63,408 views ใƒป 2012-07-11

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Translator: Morton Bast Reviewer: Thu-Huong Ha
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ืžืชืจื’ื: Yael BST ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:15
So, how many of you have ever
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ืื–, ืœื›ืžื” ืžื›ื ื™ืฆื
00:17
gotten behind the wheel of a car
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ืœืชืคื•ืก ืืช ืžื•ืฉื‘ ื”ื ื”ื’ ื‘ืจื›ื‘
00:18
when you really shouldn't have been driving?
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ื›ืฉืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืžืžืฉ ืœื ื›ื“ืื™ ืฉืชื ื”ื’ื•?
00:24
Maybe you're out on the road for a long day,
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ืื•ืœื™ ืขื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื›ื ื™ื•ื ืืจื•ืš ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื,
00:26
and you just wanted to get home.
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ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืจืฆื™ืชื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”.
00:27
You were tired, but you felt you could drive a few more miles.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืขื™ื™ืคื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ืขื•ื“ ื›ืžื” ืง"ืž.
00:30
Maybe you thought,
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ืื•ืœื™ ื—ืฉื‘ืชื,
00:31
I've had less to drink than everybody else,
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ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื•ืœื ืื ื™ ืฉืชื™ืชื™ ื”ื›ื™ ืžืขื˜,
00:33
I should be the one to go home.
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ืื ื™ ื–ื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื ืกื•ืข ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”.
00:35
Or maybe your mind was just entirely elsewhere.
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ืื• ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื”ืจืืฉ ืฉืœื›ื ื”ื™ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ ืœื’ืžืจื™.
00:40
Does this sound familiar to you?
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ื ืฉืžืข ืœื›ื ืžื•ื›ืจ?
00:41
Now, in those situations, wouldn't it be great
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ื›ืืœื•, ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื ืคืœื
00:44
if there was a button on your dashboard
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ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ืื™ื–ื” ื›ืคืชื•ืจ ื‘ืœื•ื— ื”ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื
00:46
that you could push, and the car would get you home safely?
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ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืœื—ื•ืฅ ืขืœื™ื•, ื•ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืืชื›ื ื”ื‘ื™ืชื” ื‘ืฉืœื•ื?
00:52
Now, that's been the promise of the self-driving car,
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ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ื ื•ื”ื’ ื‘ืขืฆืžื•,
00:54
the autonomous vehicle, and it's been the dream
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ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื ื•ืžื™, ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ื—ืœื•ื
00:57
since at least 1939, when General Motors showcased
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ืžืื– 1939, ื›ืฉ"ื’'ื ืจืœ ืžื•ื˜ื•ืจืก" ื”ืฆื™ื’ื”
01:00
this idea at their Futurama booth at the World's Fair.
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ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื•ื›ืŸ ื”- Futurama ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ื™ืจื™ื“ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™.
01:03
Now, it's been one of those dreams
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ื–ื” ืื—ื“ ืžืื•ืชื ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช
01:05
that's always seemed about 20 years in the future.
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ืฉืชืžื™ื“ ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืจืš 20 ืฉื ื” ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืขืชื™ื“.
01:10
Now, two weeks ago, that dream took a step forward,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื, ื”ื—ืœื•ื ื”ื–ื” ืขืฉื” ืฆืขื“ ืงื“ื™ืžื”,
01:12
when the state of Nevada granted Google's self-driving car
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ื›ืฉืžื“ื™ื ืช ื ื‘ื“ื” ื”ืขื ื™ืงื” ืœืจื›ื‘ ื”ื ื•ื”ื’ ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ืฉืœ Google
01:15
the very first license for an autonomous vehicle,
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ืืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืœืจื›ื‘ ืื•ื˜ื•ื ื•ืžื™,
01:19
clearly establishing that it's legal for them
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ื•ื‘ื™ืกืกื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื–ื” ื—ื•ืงื™
01:21
to test it on the roads in Nevada.
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ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ื ื‘ื“ื”.
01:23
Now, California's considering similar legislation,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื’ื ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื” ืฉื•ืงืœืช ื—ืงื™ืงื” ื“ื•ืžื”,
01:27
and this would make sure that the autonomous car
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ื•ื–ื” ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื ื•ืžื™
01:29
is not one of those things that has to stay in Vegas.
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ื”ื•ื ืœื ืžืื•ืชื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ืจืง ื‘ื•ื’ืืก.
01:32
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
01:34
Now, in my lab at Stanford, we've been working on
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ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ื” ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืกื˜ื ืคื•ืจื“, ื’ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื
01:38
autonomous cars too, but with a slightly different spin
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ืขืœ ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืื•ื˜ื•ื ื•ืžื™ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื.
01:42
on things. You see, we've been developing robotic race cars,
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ืืชื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืคืชื—ื™ื ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืจื•ืฅ ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื•ืช,
01:46
cars that can actually push themselves to the very limits
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ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืžืžืฉ ืœื“ื—ื•ืฃ ืืช ืขืฆืžืŸ ืขื“ ืœืงืฆื” ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช
01:50
of physical performance.
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ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ื™ื.
01:52
Now, why would we want to do such a thing?
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืœืžื” ืฉื ืจืฆื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื–ื”?
01:55
Well, there's two really good reasons for this.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื™ืฉื ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœื–ื”.
01:57
First, we believe that before people turn over control
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ืจืืฉื™ืช, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœืคื ื™ ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืžื•ืกืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื”
02:01
to an autonomous car, that autonomous car should be
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ืœื™ื“ื™ ืจื›ื‘ ืื•ื˜ื•ื ื•ืžื™, ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื ื•ืžื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช
02:04
at least as good as the very best human drivers.
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ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื”ื ื”ื’ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
02:07
Now, if you're like me, and the other 70 percent of the population
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื ืืชื ื›ืžื•ื ื™, ื•ื›ืžื• 70% ืžื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื”,
02:10
who know that we are above-average drivers,
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ืฉื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื ื”ื’ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืžืขืœ ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข,
02:12
you understand that's a very high bar.
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ืืชื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ืจืฃ ืžืื•ื“ ื’ื‘ื•ื”.
02:16
There's another reason as well.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืกื™ื‘ื”.
02:18
Just like race car drivers can use all of the friction
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ืฉื ื”ื’ื™ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืจื•ืฅ ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื›ื•ืš
02:22
between the tire and the road,
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ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆืžื™ื’ ื•ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ,
02:23
all of the car's capabilities to go as fast as possible,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืกื•ืข ื”ื›ื™ ืžื”ืจ ืฉืืคืฉืจ,
02:26
we want to use all of those capabilities to avoid
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข
02:29
any accident we can.
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ื›ืœ ืชืื•ื ื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื.
02:31
Now, you may push the car to the limits
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื“ื ืื•ืœื™ ื“ื•ื—ืฃ ืืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืœืงืฆื” ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช
02:33
not because you're driving too fast,
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ืœื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื•ื”ื’ ืžื”ืจ ืžื“ื™,
02:35
but because you've hit an icy patch of road,
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ืืœื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืขืœื” ืขืœ ืงื˜ืข ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืงืคื•ื,
02:37
conditions have changed.
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ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื”ืฉืชื ื•.
02:39
In those situations, we want a car
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ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ื”ืืœื•, ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืจื›ื‘
02:42
that is capable enough to avoid any accident
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ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืขื ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืกืคื™ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžื›ืœ ืชืื•ื ื”
02:45
that can physically be avoided.
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ืฉืคื™ื–ื™ืช ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืžื ื”.
02:48
I must confess, there's kind of a third motivation as well.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช, ื™ืฉ ืคื” ื’ื ืžื ื™ืข ืฉืœื™ืฉื™.
02:52
You see, I have a passion for racing.
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ืืชื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื, ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืื”ื‘ื” ืœืžืจื•ืฆื™ื.
02:55
In the past, I've been a race car owner,
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ื‘ืขื‘ืจ, ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื™ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืžืจื•ืฅ,
02:57
a crew chief and a driving coach,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจืืฉ ืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื ื”ื™ื’ื”,
03:00
although maybe not at the level that you're currently expecting.
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืœื ื‘ืจืžื” ื›ื–ื• ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
03:04
One of the things that we've developed in the lab --
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ืื—ื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืคื™ืชื—ื ื• ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ื”...
03:06
we've developed several vehicles --
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ืคื™ืชื—ื ื• ืžืกืคืจ ืจื›ื‘ื™ื...
03:08
is what we believe is the world's first
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ื”ื•ื ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืจื›ื‘ ื”ื—ืœืงื•ืช
03:10
autonomously drifting car.
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(ื“ืจื™ืคื˜ื™ื ื’) ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื ื•ืžื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื•ืœื .
03:13
It's another one of those categories
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ื–ื• ืขื•ื“ ืื—ืช ืžืื•ืชืŸ ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื•ืช
03:15
where maybe there's not a lot of competition.
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ืฉื‘ื” ืื•ืœื™ ืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ืชื—ืจื•ืช.
03:18
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
03:19
But this is P1. It's an entirely student-built electric vehicle,
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื”- P1. ื–ื”ื• ืจื›ื‘ ื—ืฉืžืœื™ ืฉื ื‘ื ื” ื›ื•ืœื• ืข"ื™ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื,
03:23
which through using its rear-wheel drive
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ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ืขื” ืื—ื•ืจื™ืช,
03:25
and front-wheel steer-by-wire
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ื•ื”ื™ื’ื•ื™ ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ื’ืœื’ืœื™ื ื”ืงื“ืžื™ื™ื
03:27
can drift around corners.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื“ืจื™ืคื˜ื™ื ื’ ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืคื™ื ื•ืช.
03:29
It can get sideways like a rally car driver,
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ื”ื•ื ืžืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืง ื”ืฆื™ื“ื” ื›ืžื• ื ื”ื’ ืจื›ื‘ื™ ืจืืœื™,
03:31
always able to take the tightest curve,
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ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืชืžื™ื“ ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ืคื ื™ื™ื” ื”ื›ื™ ื—ื“ื”,
03:33
even on slippery, changing surfaces,
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืขืœ ืžืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื—ืœืงื™ื ืื• ืžืฉืชื ื™ื,
03:36
never spinning out.
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ืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ื™ื•ืฆื ืœืกื—ืจื•ืจ.
03:37
We've also worked with Volkswagen Oracle,
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ืขื‘ื“ื ื• ื’ื ืขื ืคื•ืœืงืกื•ื•ืื’ืŸ,
03:40
on Shelley, an autonomous race car that has raced
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ืขืœ "ืฉืœื™", ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืžืจื•ืฅ ืื•ื˜ื•ื ื•ืžื™ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืฆืขื” ืžืกืœื•ืœ
03:43
at 150 miles an hour through the Bonneville Salt Flats,
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ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช 240 ืงืž"ืฉ ื‘ืžืฉื˜ื—ื™ ื”ืžืœื— ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ื ื•ื•ื™ืœ,
03:46
gone around Thunderhill Raceway Park in the sun,
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ื ืกืขื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ืžืจื•ืฅ ืฉืœ ืคืืจืง ื˜ืื ื“ืจื”ื™ืœ ื‘ืฉืžืฉ,
03:51
the wind and the rain,
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ื‘ืจื•ื— ื•ื‘ื’ืฉื,
03:53
and navigated the 153 turns and 12.4 miles
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ื•ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ื” ืืช 153 ื”ืคื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืืช 20 ื”ืง"ืž
03:58
of the Pikes Peak Hill Climb route
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ืฉืœ ืžืกืœื•ืœ Pikes Peak Hill Climb
04:00
in Colorado with nobody at the wheel.
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ื‘ืงื•ืœื•ืจื“ื• ื›ืฉืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ืื•ื—ื– ื‘ื”ื’ื”.
04:03
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:05
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
04:10
I guess it goes without saying that we've had a lot of fun
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ืื ื™ ืžื ื™ื— ืฉืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉืžืื•ื“ ื ื”ื ื ื•
04:14
doing this.
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ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”.
04:15
But in fact, there's something else that we've developed
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืคื™ืชื—ื ื•
04:19
in the process of developing these autonomous cars.
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืฉืœ ื”ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื ื•ืžื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื•.
04:22
We have developed a tremendous appreciation
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ืคื™ืชื—ื ื• ื”ืขืจื›ื” ืื“ื™ืจื”
04:26
for the capabilities of human race car drivers.
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ืœื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื ื”ื’ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืจื•ืฅ.
04:29
As we've looked at the question of how well do these cars perform,
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ื›ืฉื‘ื—ื ื• ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื” ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื”ืืœื• ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื,
04:34
we wanted to compare them to our human counterparts.
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ืจืฆื™ื ื• ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ืื•ืชื ืžื•ืœ ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื™ื”ื ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ื™ื.
04:37
And we discovered their human counterparts are amazing.
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ื•ื’ื™ืœื™ื ื• ืฉืžืงื‘ื™ืœื™ื”ื ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ื™ื ื”ื ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื.
04:43
Now, we can take a map of a race track,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื—ืช ืžืคื” ืฉืœ ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ืžืจื•ืฅ,
04:47
we can take a mathematical model of a car,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื—ืช ืžื•ื“ืœ ืžืชืžื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืจื›ื‘,
04:49
and with some iteration, we can actually find
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ื•ื‘ื›ืžื” ืื™ื˜ืจืฆื™ื•ืช, ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœืžืฆื•ื
04:52
the fastest way around that track.
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ืืช ื”ื ืชื™ื‘ ื”ืžื”ื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืืช ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ.
04:54
We line that up with data that we record
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ื”ืฆืžื“ื ื• ืืช ื–ื” ืœืฆื“ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉื”ืงืœื˜ื ื•
04:56
from a professional driver,
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ืžื ื”ื’ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™,
04:58
and the resemblance is absolutely remarkable.
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ื•ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื™ื•ืฆื ื“ื•ืคืŸ.
05:02
Yes, there are subtle differences here,
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ื›ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ื›ืžื” ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ืงืœื™ื,
05:05
but the human race car driver is able to go out
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ืื‘ืœ ื ื”ื’ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืจื•ืฅ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœืฆืืช
05:08
and drive an amazingly fast line,
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ื•ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืงื• ืžื”ื™ืจ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื”,
05:10
without the benefit of an algorithm that compares
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ื•ื‘ืœื™ ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ืชื ืฉืžืฉื•ื•ื”
05:13
the trade-off between going as fast as possible
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ืืช ื”ื›ื“ืื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืœื ืกื•ืข ื”ื›ื™ ืžื”ืจ ืฉืืคืฉืจ
05:15
in this corner, and shaving a little bit of time
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ื‘ืคื ื™ื” ื”ื–ืืช, ืœืขื•ืžืช ืœื’ื ื•ื‘ ื˜ื™ืคื” ื–ืžืŸ
05:17
off of the straight over here.
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ื‘ืงื˜ืข ื”ื™ืฉืจ ื›ืืŸ.
05:19
Not only that, they're able to do it lap
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ืœื ืจืง ื–ื”, ื”ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื”ืงืคื”
05:23
after lap after lap.
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ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืงืคื” ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืงืคื”.
05:25
They're able to go out and consistently do this,
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ื”ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื‘ื•ื ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช,
05:28
pushing the car to the limits every single time.
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ื•ืœื“ื—ื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืœื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื.
05:32
It's extraordinary to watch.
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ื–ื” ื™ื•ืฆื ืžื’ื“ืจ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”.
05:35
You put them in a new car,
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ืฉืžื™ื ืื•ืชื ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื—ื“ืฉื”,
05:37
and after a few laps, they've found the fastest line in that car,
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ื•ืื—ืจื™ ื›ืžื” ื”ืงืคื•ืช, ื”ื ืžืฆืื• ืืช ื”ื ืชื™ื‘ ื”ืžื”ื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืจื›ื‘ ื”ื–ื”,
05:41
and they're off to the races.
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ื•ื”ื ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœืžืจื•ืฅ.
05:45
It really makes you think,
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ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ื’ื•ืจื ืœืš ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘,
05:46
we'd love to know what's going on inside their brain.
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืื•ื“ ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืจืืฉ ืฉืœื”ื.
05:51
So as researchers, that's what we decided to find out.
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ืื– ื›ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื, ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ื—ืœื˜ื ื• ืœื‘ืจืจ.
05:56
We decided to instrument not only the car,
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ื”ื—ืœื˜ื ื• ืœืฆื™ื™ื“ ื‘ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืœื ืจืง ืืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช,
05:58
but also the race car driver,
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ืืœื ื’ื ืืช ื ื”ื’ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ืžืจื•ืฅ,
06:00
to try to get a glimpse into what was going on
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืกื•ืช ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ืฆืฆื” ืœืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื”
06:03
in their head as they were doing this.
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ื‘ืจืืฉ ืฉืœื”ื ื›ืฉื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื”.
06:05
Now, this is Dr. Lene Harbott applying electrodes
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ื–ื• ื“"ืจ ืœื™ื ื” ื”ืืจื‘ื•ื˜ ืฉืžืชืงื™ื ื” ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื“ื•ืช
06:09
to the head of John Morton.
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ืขืœ ืจืืฉื• ืฉืœ ื’'ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืจื˜ื•ืŸ.
06:10
John Morton is a former Can-Am and IMSA driver,
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ื’'ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื ื”ื’ Can-Am ื•- IMSA ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ,
06:13
who's also a class champion at Le Mans.
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ืฉื’ื ื–ื›ื” ื‘ืืœื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ืจื•ืช Le Mans.
06:15
Fantastic driver, and very willing to put up with graduate students
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ื ื”ื’ ืžื•ืคืœื, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืกื‘ืœื ื•ืช ืœืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื
06:18
and this sort of research.
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ื•ืœืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืžื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ื–ื”.
06:20
She's putting electrodes on his head
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ื”ื™ื ืžื ื™ื—ื” ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืจืืฉ ืฉืœื•
06:23
so that we can monitor the electrical activity
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจ ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœื™ืช
06:25
in John's brain as he races around the track.
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ื‘ืžื•ื—ื• ืฉืœ ื’'ื•ืŸ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ.
06:28
Now, clearly we're not going to put a couple of electrodes on his head
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉื™ื ื›ืžื” ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืจืืฉ ืฉืœื•
06:31
and understand exactly what all of his thoughts are on the track.
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ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžืจื•ืฅ.
06:34
However, neuroscientists have identified certain patterns
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ืื‘ืœ, ื—ื•ืงืจื™ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืขืฆื‘ื™ื ื–ื™ื”ื• ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช
06:38
that let us tease out some very important aspects of this.
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ืฉืžืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืžื” ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื–ื”.
06:42
For instance, the resting brain
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ืœืžืฉืœ, ื”ืžื•ื— ื‘ืžื ื•ื—ื”
06:43
tends to generate a lot of alpha waves.
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ื ื•ื˜ื” ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื’ืœื™ ืืœืคื.
06:46
In contrast, theta waves are associated with
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ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ื’ืœื™ ืชื˜ื” ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื
06:49
a lot of cognitive activity, like visual processing,
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ืขืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืงื•ื’ื ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืจื‘ื”, ื›ืžื• ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื—ื–ื•ืชื™,
06:53
things where the driver is thinking quite a bit.
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ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื ื”ื’ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื ืžืขื˜.
06:56
Now, we can measure this,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ืืช ื–ื”,
06:57
and we can look at the relative power
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ื™ื—ืกื™
06:59
between the theta waves and the alpha waves.
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืœื™ ื”ืชื˜ื” ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืœื™ ื”ืืœืคื.
07:01
This gives us a measure of mental workload,
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ื–ื” ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ืื•ืžื“ืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืขื•ืžืก ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื”,
07:04
how much the driver is actually challenged cognitively
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ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื”ื ื”ื’ ืžืื•ืชื’ืจ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืงื•ื’ื ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช
07:07
at any point along the track.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ.
07:09
Now, we wanted to see if we could actually record this
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืจืฆื™ื ื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืงืœื™ื˜ ืืช ื–ื”
07:12
on the track, so we headed down south to Laguna Seca.
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ืช ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ, ืื– ื™ืจื“ื ื• ื“ืจื•ืžื” ืืœ ืœื’ื•ื ื” ืกืงื”.
07:15
Laguna Seca is a legendary raceway
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ืœื’ื•ื ื” ืกืงื” ื”ื•ื ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืžืจื•ืฆื™ื ืื’ื“ื™
07:17
about halfway between Salinas and Monterey.
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ื‘ืขืจืš ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืกืœื™ื ืก ืœืžื•ื ื˜ืจื™.
07:20
It has a curve there called the Corkscrew.
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ื™ืฉ ืฉื ืขื™ืงื•ืœื™ื ืฉื ืงืจืื™ื "ื—ื•ืœืฅ ืคืงืงื™ื".
07:22
Now, the Corkscrew is a chicane, followed by a quick
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื—ื•ืœืฅ ื”ืคืงืงื™ื ื”ื•ื ืคื ื™ื™ืช ืฉื™ืงื™ื™ืŸ, ืฉืื—ืจื™ื• ืคื ื™ื” ืžื”ื™ืจื”
07:24
right-handed turn as the road drops three stories.
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ื™ืžื™ื ื” ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ื ื— ืžื˜ื” ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืงื•ืžื•ืช.
07:27
Now, the strategy for driving this as explained to me was,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืฉื, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ืกื‘ืจื” ืœื™, ื”ื™ื
07:31
you aim for the bush in the distance,
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ืืชื” ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื— ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ืžืจื—ืง,
07:33
and as the road falls away, you realize it was actually the top of a tree.
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ื•ื›ืฉื”ื“ืจืš ืฆื•ื ื—ืช ืžื˜ื”, ืืชื” ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ืฆืžืจืช ืฉืœ ืขืฅ.
07:36
All right, so thanks to the Revs Program at Stanford,
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ื˜ื•ื‘, ืื– ื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช Revs ื‘ืกื˜ื ืคื•ืจื“,
07:39
we were able to take John there
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื’'ื•ืŸ ืœืฉื
07:41
and put him behind the wheel
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ื•ืœืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ื”ื’ื”
07:42
of a 1960 Porsche Abarth Carrera.
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ืฉืœ ืคื•ืจืฉื” ืื‘ืจื˜' ืงืจืจื” ืฉื ืช 1960.
07:44
Life is way too short for boring cars.
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ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืžื“ื™ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืขืžืžื•ืช.
07:48
So, here you see John on the track,
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ืื–, ื›ืืŸ ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื’'ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ,
07:50
he's going up the hill -- Oh! Somebody liked that --
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ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืกืข ื‘ืžืขืœื” ื”ื’ื‘ืขื” - ืื•! ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื›ืืŸ ืื”ื‘ ืืช ื–ื”...
07:52
and you can see, actually, his mental workload
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช, ืœืžืขืฉื” ืืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืช ืฉืœื•
07:54
-- measuring here in the red bar --
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...ืฉื ืžื“ื“ืช ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืคืก ื”ืื“ื•ื...
07:56
you can see his actions as he approaches.
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื• ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืชืงืจื‘.
07:59
Now watch, he has to downshift.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืชืจืื•, ื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ื”ื™ืœื•ืš.
08:02
And then he has to turn left.
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ื•ืื– ื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืคื ื•ืช ืฉืžืืœื”.
08:03
Look for the tree, and down.
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ืœื—ืคืฉ ืืช ื”ืขืฅ, ื•ื™ืจื™ื“ื”.
08:07
Not surprisingly, you can see this is a pretty challenging task.
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืœื ืžืคืชื™ืข, ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื–ื• ืžืฉื™ืžื” ื“ื™ ืžืืชื’ืจืช.
08:09
You can see his mental workload spike as he goes through this,
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืช ืฉืœื• ืžืจืงื™ืขื” ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืชืงื“ื ื‘ื–ื”,
08:12
as you would expect with something that requires
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืžืฆืจื™ืš
08:15
this level of complexity.
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ืจืžื” ื›ื–ื• ืฉืœ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช.
08:17
But what's really interesting is to look at areas of the track
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉื‘ืืžืช ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืงื˜ืขื™ื ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ
08:21
where his mental workload doesn't increase.
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ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืช ืฉืœื• ืœื ืขื•ืœื”.
08:24
I'm going to take you around now
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ืื ื™ ืืงื— ืืชื›ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื•
08:25
to the other side of the track.
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ืœืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœ.
08:26
Turn three. And John's going to go into that corner
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ืคื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช. ื•ื’'ื•ืŸ ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืคื™ื ื” ื”ื”ื™ื
08:29
and the rear end of the car is going to begin to slide out.
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ื•ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื™ื—ืœื™ืง ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”.
08:31
He's going to have to correct for that with steering.
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ื”ื•ื ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืคืขื•ืœืช ื”ื™ื’ื•ื™.
08:33
So watch as John does this here.
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ืื– ืชืกืชื›ืœื• ืื™ืš ื’'ื•ืŸ ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื–ื” ื›ืืŸ.
08:35
Watch the mental workload, and watch the steering.
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ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืช, ื•ืชืกืชื›ืœื• ืขืœ ื”ื”ื™ื’ื•ื™.
08:38
The car begins to slide out, dramatic maneuver to correct it,
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ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืง, ืชืžืจื•ืŸ ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื–ื”,
08:41
and no change whatsoever in the mental workload.
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ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื—ื™ืช.
08:45
Not a challenging task.
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ืžืฉื™ืžื” ืœื ืžืืชื’ืจืช.
08:48
In fact, entirely reflexive.
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืจืคืœืงืกื™ื‘ื™ืช ืœื’ืžืจื™.
08:51
Now, our data processing on this is still preliminary,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืฉืœื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ ื‘ืœื‘ื“,
08:55
but it really seems that these phenomenal feats
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืžืฉ ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืคื ื•ืžื ืืœื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•
08:57
that the race car drivers are performing
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ืฉื ื”ื’ื™ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืจื•ืฅ ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื
08:59
are instinctive.
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ื”ืŸ ืื™ื ืกื˜ื™ื ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช.
09:01
They are things that they have simply learned to do.
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ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœืžื“ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
09:04
It requires very little mental workload
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ื“ืจื•ืฉื” ืžืขื˜ ืžืื•ื“ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืžื•ื—ื™ืช
09:06
for them to perform these amazing feats.
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ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื ื™ื‘ืฆืขื• ืืช ืื•ืชืŸ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื•ืช.
09:09
And their actions are fantastic.
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ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื.
09:12
This is exactly what you want to do on the steering wheel
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ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื” ืฉืืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขื ื”ื”ื’ื”
09:15
to catch the car in this situation.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืคื•ืก ืืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื›ื–ื”.
09:18
Now, this has given us tremendous insight
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืžืชื•ืš ื–ื” ืงื™ื‘ืœื ื• ืชื•ื‘ื ื” ืื“ื™ืจื”
09:22
and inspiration for our own autonomous vehicles.
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ื•ื”ืฉืจืื” ืœืจื›ื‘ ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื ื•ืžื™ ืฉืœื ื•.
09:25
We've started to ask the question:
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ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื”:
09:27
Can we make them a little less algorithmic
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ื”ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืื•ืชื ืงืฆืช ืคื—ื•ืช ืืœื’ื•ืจื™ื˜ืžื™ื™ื
09:29
and a little more intuitive?
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ื•ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื™ื ื˜ื•ืื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื?
09:31
Can we take this reflexive action
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ื”ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ืจืคืœืงืกื™ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื–ื•
09:34
that we see from the very best race car drivers,
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืืฆืœ ื ื”ื’ื™ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืจื•ืฅ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ,
09:36
introduce it to our cars,
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ื•ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืืช ื–ื” ืœืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•,
09:38
and maybe even into a system that could
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ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืชื•ืš ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืชื•ื›ืœ
09:40
get onto your car in the future?
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ืœื”ืฉืชืœื‘ ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ื’ื ื‘ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื?
09:42
That would take us a long step
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ื–ื” ื™ืงื“ื ืื•ืชื ื• ืฆืขื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืงื“ื™ืžื”
09:43
along the road to autonomous vehicles
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ืœืจื›ื‘ ืื•ื˜ื•ื ื•ืžื™
09:46
that drive as well as the best humans.
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ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื›ืžื• ื”ื ื”ื’ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
09:48
But it's made us think a little bit more deeply as well.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื’ืจื ืœื ื• ื’ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืขื•ืžืง.
09:51
Do we want something more from our car
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ื”ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•
09:54
than to simply be a chauffeur?
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ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื›ืš ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ื ื”ื’ ืฉืœื ื•?
09:56
Do we want our car to perhaps be a partner, a coach,
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ื”ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืชื”ื™ื” ืื•ืœื™ ื”ืฉื•ืชืคื”, ื”ืžืืžื ืช,
10:00
someone that can use their understanding of the situation
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ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ืกื™ื˜ื•ืืฆื™ื”
10:03
to help us reach our potential?
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื ื• ืœืžืžืฉ ืืช ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืฉืœื ื•?
10:08
Can, in fact, the technology not simply replace humans,
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ื”ืื ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื ืจืง ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื,
10:10
but allow us to reach the level of reflex and intuition
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ืืœื ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืจืžื•ืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื•ืื™ื ื˜ื•ืื™ืฆื™ื”
10:14
that we're all capable of?
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื”ืŸ?
10:18
So, as we move forward into this technological future,
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ืื–, ื‘ืขื•ื“ื ื• ืžืชืงื“ืžื™ื ืืœ ืขื‘ืจ ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื”ื–ื”,
10:20
I want you to just pause and think of that for a moment.
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ืื ื™ ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืžื›ื ืจืง ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ื•ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื–ื” ืœืจื’ืข.
10:23
What is the ideal balance of human and machine?
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ืžื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื“ื ืœืžื›ื•ื ื”?
10:26
And as we think about that,
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ื•ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืš,
10:28
let's take inspiration
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื•ื ืฉืื‘ ื”ืฉืจืื”
10:30
from the absolutely amazing capabilities
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ืžื”ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžื•ืคืœืื•ืช
10:33
of the human body and the human mind.
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ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื•ื”ืžื•ื— ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™.
10:36
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื”.
10:38
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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