Don Tapscott: Four principles for the open world

118,298 views ใƒป 2012-06-28

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
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ืžืชืจื’ื: Shlomo Adam ืžื‘ืงืจ: Sigal Tifferet
00:16
Openness. It's a word that
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ืคืชื™ื—ื•ืช. ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืžื™ืœื”
00:19
denotes opportunity and possibilities.
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ืฉืจื•ืžื–ืช ืขืœ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ื•ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช.
00:22
Open-ended, open hearth,
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"ืคืชื•ื—", "ืœื‘ ืคืชื•ื—",
00:24
open source, open door policy,
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"ืงื•ื“ ืคืชื•ื—", "ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื“ืœืช ืคืชื•ื—ื”",
00:27
open bar. (Laughter)
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"ื”ื‘ืจ ืคืชื•ื—", [ืฆื—ื•ืง]
00:31
And everywhere the world is opening up,
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ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ื ืคืชื— ืžื›ืœ ืขื‘ืจ
00:33
and it's a good thing.
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ื•ื–ื” ื˜ื•ื‘.
00:35
Why is this happening?
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ืžื“ื•ืข ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื”?
00:36
The technology revolution is opening the world.
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ืžื”ืคื›ืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืคืชื•ื—.
00:39
Yesterday's Internet was a platform
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ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืฉืœ ืืชืžื•ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื•ื” ื‘ืžื”
00:42
for the presentation of content.
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ืœื”ืฆื’ืช ืชื•ื›ืŸ.
00:44
The Internet of today is a platform for computation.
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ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืฉืœ ื™ืžื™ื ื• ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื‘ืžื” ืœืžื™ื—ืฉื•ื‘.
00:48
The Internet is becoming a giant
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ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื”ื•ืคืš
00:49
global computer, and every time you go on it,
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ืœืžื—ืฉื‘ ืขื ืง, ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืืœื™ื•,
00:52
you upload a video, you do a Google search,
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ื•ืžืขืœื™ื ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ, ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ื‘"ื’ื•ื’ืœ",
00:55
you remix something,
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ืื• ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ืจืžื™ืงืก ื›ืœืฉื”ื•,
00:56
you're programming this big global computer
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ืžืชื›ื ืชื™ื ืืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื”ืขื ืง ื”ื–ื”
00:59
that we all share.
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ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืœื›ื•ืœื ื•.
01:00
Humanity is building a machine,
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ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื•ื ื” ื›ืขืช ืžื›ื•ื ื”,
01:03
and this enables us to collaborate in new ways.
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ืฉืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื ื• ืœืฉืชืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช.
01:06
Collaboration can occur on
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ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื›ืขืช ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื
01:08
an astronomical basis.
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ื‘ืงื ื”-ืžื™ื“ื” ืืกื˜ืจื•ื ื•ืžื™.
01:11
Now a new generation is opening up the world as well.
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ื•ื™ืฉื ื• ื’ื ื“ื•ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืคื•ืชื— ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื.
01:14
I started studying kids about 15 years ago,
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ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื›-15 ืฉื ื”,
01:17
-- so actually 20 years ago now --
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--ื‘ืขืฆื ื›ื‘ืจ ืœืคื ื™ 20 ืฉื ื”--
01:19
and I noticed how my own children were
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ื•ืฉืžืชื™ ืœื‘ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื™ืœื“ื™ ืฉืœื™
01:20
effortlessly able to use all this sophisticated technology,
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ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ืœืœื ืžืืžืฅ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ืžืชื•ื—ื›ืžืช ื”ื–ื•,
01:24
and at first I thought,
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ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื” ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™,
01:25
"My children are prodigies!" (Laughter)
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"ืื™ื–ื” ื™ืœื“ื™-ืคืœื ื™ืฉ ืœื™!" [ืฆื—ื•ืง]
01:28
But then I noticed all their friends were like them,
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ืืš ืื– ืจืื™ืชื™ ืฉื’ื ื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ื›ืืœื”,
01:30
so that was a bad theory.
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ื›ืš ืฉื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื” ื’ืจื•ืขื”.
01:32
So I've started working with a few hundred kids,
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ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขื ื›ืžื” ืžืื•ืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื,
01:35
and I came to the conclusion
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ื•ื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืœืžืกืงื ื”
01:37
that this is the first generation to come of age
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ืฉื–ื”ื• ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืžืชื‘ื’ืจ
01:39
in the digital age,
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ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™,
01:40
to be bathed in bits.
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ื•ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ืœ ื‘ืกื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช.
01:41
I call them the Net Generation.
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ืื ื™ ืžื›ื ื” ืื•ืชื "ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืจืฉืช".
01:44
I said, these kids are different.
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ืืžืจืชื™ ืฉื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
01:45
They have no fear of technology, because it's not there.
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ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืคื—ื“ ืžื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”, ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืœื ืงื™ื™ืžืช.
01:48
It's like the air.
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ื”ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืื•ื•ื™ืจ.
01:49
It's sort of like, I have no fear of a refrigerator.
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ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ืคื•ื—ื“ ืžื”ืžืงืจืจ.
01:53
And โ€” (Laughter)
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ื•-- [ืฆื—ื•ืง]
01:56
And there's no more powerful force to change
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ื•ืื™ืŸ ื›ื•ื— ื‘ืขืœ ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื›ืœ ืžืžืกื“
01:58
every institution than the first generation of digital natives.
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ืžืืฉืจ ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื™ืœื™ื“ื™ื ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื™ื.
02:02
I'm a digital immigrant.
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ืื ื™ ืขื•ืœื”-ื—ื“ืฉ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™.
02:04
I had to learn the language.
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ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืืช ื”ืฉืคื”.
02:07
The global economic crisis is opening up the world as well.
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ื’ื ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ื”ื•ืคืš ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืคืชื•ื—.
02:10
Our opaque institutions from the Industrial Age,
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ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื”ื‘ืœืชื™-ืฉืงื•ืคื™ื, ืžื™ืžื™ ื”ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™,
02:13
everything from old models of the corporation,
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ื”ื—ืœ ืžืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ื™ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืชื™ืื’ื•ื“,
02:15
government, media, Wall Street,
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ื•ืขื“ ืžืžืฉืœ, ืืžืฆืขื™ ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช, ื•ื•ืœ ืกื˜ืจื™ื˜,
02:18
are in various stages of being stalled or frozen
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ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืฉืœื‘ื™ ืฉื™ืชื•ืง ืื• ืงื™ืคืื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื™ื,
02:21
or in atrophy or even failing,
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ืื• ืžื ื•ื•ื ื™ื ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ื•ืฉืœื™ื,
02:24
and this is now creating a burning platform in the world.
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ื•ื–ื” ื™ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืกื™ืก ื‘ื•ืขืจ.
02:27
I mean, think about Wall Street.
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื—ื™ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื•ื•ืœ ืกื˜ืจื™ื˜.
02:29
The core modus operandi of Wall Street almost brought down
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ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื•ื•ืœ ืกื˜ืจื™ื˜ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืžื•ื˜ื˜ื”
02:32
global capitalism.
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ืืช ื”ืงืคื™ื˜ืœื™ื–ื ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™.
02:35
Now, you know the idea of a burning platform,
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ื•ืืชื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ ืฉืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื‘ื•ืขืจ:
02:36
that you're somewhere where the costs of staying where you are
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ื›ืฉื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื™ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืžืกื•ื™ื
02:41
become greater than the costs of moving to something different,
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ืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ืฉืœ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ,
02:44
perhaps something radically different.
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ืื•ืœื™ ืœืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื•ื ื” ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ.
02:47
And we need to change
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ื•ืื ื• ืžื•ื›ืจื—ื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช
02:49
and open up all of our institutions.
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ื•ืœืคืชื•ื— ืืช ื›ืœ ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืชื™ื ื•.
02:51
So this technology push,
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ืœื—ืฅ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื”ื–ื”,
02:52
a demographic kick from a new generation
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ื”ื‘ืขื™ื˜ื” ื”ื“ืžื•ื’ืจืคื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ
02:55
and a demand pull from a new
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ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืžืฉื™ื›ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ
02:58
economic global environment
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ืฉืœ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ื—ื“ืฉื”,
03:01
is causing the world to open up.
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ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื”ื™ืคืชื—.
03:02
Now, I think, in fact,
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ืœื“ืขืชื™ ืื ื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื
03:05
we're at a turning point in human history,
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ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžืคื ื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™-ื™ืžื™ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช,
03:09
where we can finally now rebuild
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ื•ืื ื• ืกื•ืฃ-ืกื•ืฃ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžื—ื“ืฉ
03:11
many of the institutions of the Industrial Age
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ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™
03:13
around a new set of principles.
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ืขืœ ื™ืกื•ื“ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื”.
03:15
Now, what is openness?
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ืื– ืžื”ื™ ืคืชื™ื—ื•ืช?
03:17
Well, as it turns out, openness
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ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืคืชื™ื—ื•ืช
03:19
has a number of different meanings,
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ืžืกืคืจ ืžืฉืžืขื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช,
03:21
and for each there's a corresponding principle
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ื•ืœื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืขืงืจื•ืŸ ื ืœื•ื•ื”
03:24
for the transformation of
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ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื”
03:25
civilization.
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ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื”.
03:27
The first is collaboration.
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ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื”.
03:31
Now, this is openness in the sense of the boundaries
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ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืคืชื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืคื™ื›ืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช
03:33
of organizations becoming more porous and fluid
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ืฉืœ ื”ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืœื—ื“ื™ืจื™ื, ื’ืžื™ืฉื™ื
03:36
and open.
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ื•ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
03:38
The guy in the picture here,
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ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื” ื–ื•,
03:40
I'll tell you his story.
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ืืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจื•.
03:41
His name is Rob McEwen.
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ืฉืžื• ื”ื•ื ืจื•ื‘ ืžืงื™ื•ืืŸ.
03:43
I'd like to say, "I have this think tank, we scour the world
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฉืžื— ืœื•ืžืจ, "ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืฆื•ื•ืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื•ืื ื• ืกื•ืจืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื
03:45
for amazing case studies."
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ื‘ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืื—ืจ ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืžื•ืคืœืื•ืช."
03:47
The reason I know this story
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ืืš ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจื• ื”ื™ื,
03:49
is because he's my neighbor. (Laughter)
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ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืฉื›ืŸ ืฉืœื™. [ืฆื—ื•ืง]
03:53
He actually moved across the street from us,
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ื”ื•ื ืขื‘ืจ ืœื’ื•ืจ ืžื•ืœื ื•,
03:55
and he held a cocktail party
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ื•ืื™ืจื’ืŸ ืžืกื™ื‘ืช ืงื•ืงื˜ื™ื™ืœ
03:56
to meet the neighbors, and he says, "You're Don Tapscott.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื›ื ื™ื, ื•ืืžืจ, "ืืชื” ื“ื•ืŸ ื˜ืืคืกืงื•ื˜.
03:58
I've read some of your books."
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ืงืจืืชื™ ื›ืžื” ืžืกืคืจื™ืš."
03:59
I said, "Great. What do you do?"
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ืขื ื™ืชื™, "ื™ื•ืคื™. ื‘ืžื” ืืชื” ืขื•ืกืง?"
04:00
And he says, "Well I used to be a banker
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ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ, "ืคืขื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื ืงืื™
04:02
and now I'm a gold miner."
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ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื™ ื›ื•ืจื” ื–ื”ื‘."
04:03
And he tells me this amazing story.
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ื•ืื– ื”ื•ื ืกื™ืคืจ ืœื™ ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ืคืœื ื”ื‘ื:
04:06
He takes over this gold mine, and his geologists
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ื”ื•ื ืจื›ืฉ ืžื›ืจื” ื–ื”ื‘, ื•ื”ื’ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ืฉืœื•
04:09
can't tell him where the gold is.
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ืœื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœืืชืจ ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ื–ื”ื‘.
04:10
He gives them more money for geological data,
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ื”ื•ื ื ืชืŸ ืœื”ื ืขื•ื“ ื›ืกืฃ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื‘ื™ืื• ืขื•ื“ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื’ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื,
04:12
they come back, they can't tell
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ื•ื”ื ื—ื–ืจื• ืืœื™ื• ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœืงื‘ื•ืข
04:13
him where to go into production.
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ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืคื™ืง ื–ื”ื‘.
04:15
After a few years, he's so frustrated he's ready
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ืื—ืจื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื, ื”ื•ื ื ืขืฉื” ื›ื” ืžืชื•ืกื›ืœ,
04:19
to give up, but he has an epiphany one day.
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ืขื“ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœ, ืืš ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื• ื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช.
04:22
He wonders, "If my geologists don't know where the gold is,
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ื”ื•ื ื—ืฉื‘, "ืื ื”ื’ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ืฉืœื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื™ืคื” ื”ื–ื”ื‘,
04:24
maybe somebody else does."
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ืื•ืœื™ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ ื™ื™ื“ืข."
04:27
So he does a "radical" thing.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืขืฉื” ืžืขืฉื” "ืจื“ื™ืงืœื™".
04:29
He takes his geological data,
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ื”ื•ื ืœืงื— ืืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื•,
04:30
he publishes it and he holds a contest on the Internet
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ืคื™ืจืกื ืื•ืชื ื•ืขืจืš ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
04:33
called the Goldcorp Challenge.
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ื‘ืฉื "ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื’ื•ืœื“ืงื•ืจืค".
04:34
It's basically half a million dollars in prize money
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ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ืช, ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืคืจืก ืฉืœ ื—ืฆื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ
04:38
for anybody who can tell me, do I have any gold,
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ืœื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื™ ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืืฆืœื™ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื”ื‘,
04:41
and if so, where is it? (Laughter)
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ื•ืื ื›ืŸ, ืื™ืคื” ื”ื•ื? [ืฆื—ื•ืง]
04:45
He gets submissions from all around the world.
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ืคื ื• ืืœื™ื• ืžื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
04:47
They use techniques that he's never heard of,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืฉืžืข ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ,
04:49
and for his half a million dollars in prize money,
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ื•ืชืžื•ืจืช ื”ืคืจืก ืฉืœื• ืฉืœ ื—ืฆื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ,
04:51
Rob McEwen finds 3.4 billion dollars worth of gold.
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ืจื•ื‘ ืžืงื™ื•ืืŸ ืžืฆื ื–ื”ื‘ ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ 3.4 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ.
04:55
The market value of his company
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ืขืจืš ื”ืฉื•ืง ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœื•
04:57
goes from 90 million to 10 billion dollars,
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ืขืœื” ืž-90 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืœ-10 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ,
05:00
and I can tell you, because he's my neighbor,
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ื•ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื›ื ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื•ืช, ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉื›ืŸ ืฉืœื™,
05:02
he's a happy camper. (Laughter)
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ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืŸ-ืื“ื ืžืจื•ืฆื”. [ืฆื—ื•ืง]
05:06
You know, conventional wisdom says talent is inside, right?
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ืœืคื™ ื”ื“ืขื” ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ืช, ื”ื›ืฉืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
05:09
Your most precious asset goes out the elevator every night.
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"ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ื™ ื™ืงืจ ืœืœื‘ื›ื ื™ื•ืฆื ืžื™ื“ื™ ืœื™ืœื” ืœื˜ื™ื™ืœ."
05:13
He viewed talent differently.
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ืœื• ื™ืฉ ื“ืขื” ืื—ืจืช ืขืœ ื”ื›ืฉืจื•ืŸ.
05:15
He wondered, who are their peers?
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ืืœ ืžื™ื”ื ื”ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื.
05:17
He should have fired his geology department, but he didn't.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืืžื•ืจ ืœื—ืกืœ ืืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื’ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ืฉืœื•, ืืš ื”ื•ื ืœื ืขืฉื” ื–ืืช.
05:21
You know, some of the best submissions
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ื›ืžื” ืžื”ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
05:24
didn't come from geologists.
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ืœื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืžื’ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื.
05:26
They came from computer scientists, engineers.
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ื”ืŸ ื‘ืื• ืžืžื“ืขื ื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘, ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื.
05:28
The winner was a computer graphics company
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ื”ื–ื•ื›ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืื ื™ืžืฆื™ื” ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ืช
05:30
that built a three dimensional model of the mine
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ืฉื‘ื ืชื” ืžื•ื“ืœ ืชืœืช-ืžื™ืžื“ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื›ืจื”
05:32
where you can helicopter underground
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ืฉื‘ื• ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจื—ืฃ ืžืชื—ืช ืœืื“ืžื”
05:33
and see where the gold is.
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ื•ืœืจืื•ืช ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ื–ื”ื‘.
05:36
He helped us understand that social media's becoming
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ื”ื•ื ืขื–ืจ ืœื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืžื“ื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช
05:39
social production.
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ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืœืืžืฆืขื™-ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื.
05:41
It's not about hooking up online.
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ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžืงื•ื•ื ืช
05:43
This is a new means of production in the making.
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ืืœื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื™-ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช.
05:46
And this Ideagora that he created, an open market, agora,
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ื•ื”ืื’ื•ืจื” ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืฆืจ, ื”ืฉื•ืง ื”ืคืชื•ื—, ื”ืื’ื•ืจื”
05:50
for uniquely qualified minds,
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื•ื—ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืฉืจื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“,
05:53
was part of a change, a profound change in the deep structure
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ื”ื™ืชื” ื—ืœืง ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™, ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ ื‘ืขื•ืžืง ื”ืžื‘ื ื”
05:58
and architecture of our organizations,
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ื•ื”ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•,
06:00
and how we sort of orchestrate capability to innovate,
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ื•ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื• ืื ื• ื›ืื™ืœื• ืžืชื–ืžืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื—ื“ืฉ,
06:04
to create goods and services,
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ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื•ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื,
06:05
to engage with the rest of the world,
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ืขื ืฉืืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
06:07
in terms of government, how we create public value.
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ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ ืžืžืฉืœ, ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื• ืื ื• ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืขืจืš ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™.
06:11
Openness is about collaboration.
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ืคืชื™ื—ื•ืช ืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ-ืคืขื•ืœื”.
06:13
Now secondly, openness is about transparency.
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ืฉื ื™ืช, ื”ืคืชื™ื—ื•ืช ืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช.
06:15
This is different. Here, we're talking about the communication
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ื–ื” ืฉื•ื ื”. ื›ืืŸ ืื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจืช
06:18
of pertinent information to stakeholders of organizations:
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ืžื™ื“ืข ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื:
06:21
employees, customers, business partners, shareholders,
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ืฉื›ื™ืจื™ื, ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช, ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืขืกืงื™ื™ื, ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžื ื™ื•ืช,
06:24
and so on.
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ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืœืื”.
06:26
And everywhere, our institutions are becoming naked.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืืชืจ ื•ืืชืจ, ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื ื—ืฉืคื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืจื•ืžื.
06:30
People are all bent out of shape about WikiLeaks,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืชื—ืจืคื ื™ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ "ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืœื™ืงืก",
06:33
but that's just the tip of the iceberg.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืจืง ืงืฆื” ื”ืงืจื—ื•ืŸ.
06:35
You see, people at their fingertips now, everybody,
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ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื™ ื‘ื”ื™ืฉื’ ื™ื“, ืœื›ื•ืœื,
06:38
not just Julian Assange,
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ืœื ืจืง ืœื’'ื•ืœื™ืืŸ ืืกื ื’',
06:40
have these powerful tools for finding out what's going on,
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ื›ืœื™ื ืจื‘ื™-ืขื•ืฆืžื” ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืžื” ืžืชืจื—ืฉ,
06:43
scrutinizing, informing others,
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ืœื—ืงื•ืจ, ืœื™ื™ื“ืข ืื—ืจื™ื,
06:44
and even organizing collective responses.
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ื•ืืฃ ืœืืจื’ืŸ ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืงื•ืœืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช.
06:48
Institutions are becoming naked,
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ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื ื—ืฉืคื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืจื•ืžื,
06:50
and if you're going to be naked,
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ื•ืžื™ ืฉืขืชื™ื“ ืœื”ื™ื—ืฉืฃ ื‘ืขื™ืจื•ืžื•,
06:52
well, there's some corollaries that flow from that.
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ืžื•ื˜ื‘ ืฉื™ืกื™ืง ืžื›ืš ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช.
06:55
I mean, one is,
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ืœืžืฉืœ,
06:56
fitness is no longer optional. (Laughter)
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ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื›ื•ืฉืจ ื›ื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื” ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ื‘ืจื™ืจื”. [ืฆื—ื•ืง]
06:58
You know? Or if you're going to be naked, you'd better get buff.
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ืžื™ ืฉืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ื™ื—ืฉืฃ, ืžื•ื˜ื‘ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื›ื•ืฉืจ.
07:03
Now, by buff I mean, you need to have good value,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืš ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื™, ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขืœ ืขืจืš,
07:06
because value is evidenced like never before.
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ื›ื™ ื”ืขื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืขืจืš ื‘ืจื•ืจื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื™-ืคืขื.
07:08
You say you have good products.
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ืื ืืชื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืš ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื,
07:09
They'd better be good.
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ืžื•ื˜ื‘ ืฉื”ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื.
07:10
But you also need to have values.
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ืื‘ืœ ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื ืขืจื›ื™ื.
07:12
You need to have integrity as part of your bones
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ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื™ื•ืฉืจื” ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืฉืœื“
07:15
and your DNA as an organization,
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ื•ืžื”ื“ื "ื ืฉืœืš ื›ืืจื’ื•ืŸ,
07:17
because if you don't, you'll be unable to build trust,
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ื›ื™ ืื ืœื, ืœื ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืžื•ืŸ,
07:20
and trust is a sine qua non of this new network world.
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ื•ืืžื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืชื ืื™ ื‘ืœ-ื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจืฉืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื”.
07:24
So this is good. It's not bad.
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ื•ื–ื” ื˜ื•ื‘. ื–ื” ืœื ื“ื‘ืจ ืจืข.
07:27
Sunlight is the best disinfectant.
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ืื•ืจ ื”ืฉืžืฉ ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ื—ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
07:30
And we need a lot of sunlight in this troubled world.
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ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื”ืžื•ืŸ ืื•ืจ-ืฉืžืฉ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžื•ื˜ืจื“ ื”ื–ื”.
07:34
Now, the third meaning and corresponding principle
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ื•ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื•ื”ืขืงืจื•ืŸ ื”ื ืœื•ื•ื” ืฉืœื”
07:37
of openness is about sharing.
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ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืคืชื™ื—ื•ืช, ื”ื ื”ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ.
07:39
Now this is different than transparency.
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ื–ื” ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช.
07:41
Transparency is about the communication of information.
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ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืจื” ื‘ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืžื™ื“ืข.
07:43
Sharing is about giving up assets, intellectual property.
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ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื•ื™ืชื•ืจ ืขืœ ื ื›ืกื™ื ื•ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื•ื—ื ื™.
07:48
And there are all kinds of famous stories about this.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืขืœ ื›ืš ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื.
07:50
IBM gave away 400 million dollars of software
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ืื™ื™-ื‘ื™-ืื ืžืกืจื” ืชื•ื›ื ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ 400 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ
07:53
to the Linux movement, and that gave them
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ืœื™ื“ื™ ืชื ื•ืขืช "ืœื™ื ื•ืงืก", ื•ื–ื” ืชื™ื’ืžืœ ืื•ืชื
07:55
a multi-billion dollar payoff.
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ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ื™ ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื.
07:58
Now, conventional wisdom says,
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ื”ื“ืขื” ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ืช ืื•ืžืจืช:
08:00
"Well, hey, our intellectual property belongs to us,
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"ื”ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืฉืœื ื• ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœื ื•,
08:03
and if someone tries to infringe it, we're going to get out
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ื•ืื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื™ื ืกื” ืœื”ืคืจ ื–ืืช, ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืฉืœื•ืฃ
08:05
our lawyers and we're going to sue them."
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ืืช ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ื•ื ืชื‘ืข ืื•ืชื•."
08:07
Well, it didn't work so well for the record labels, did it?
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ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื›ื™ ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืงืœื™ื˜ื™ื, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
08:11
I mean, they took โ€” They had a technology disruption,
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ื”ื ื”ืจื™ ืœืงื—ื•-- ื”ื ื ืชืงืœื• ื‘ืžื›ืฉื•ืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™,
08:16
and rather than taking a business model innovation
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ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืืžืฅ ืžื•ื“ืœ ืขืกืงื™ ื—ื“ืฉื ื™
08:19
to correspond to that, they took and sought a legal solution
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื›ืš, ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจื• ื‘ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืžืฉืคื˜ื™
08:23
and the industry that brought you Elvis and the Beatles
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ื•ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื” ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืœื›ื ืืช ืืœื‘ื™ืก ื•ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ืœืก
08:25
is now suing children
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ืชื•ื‘ืขืช ื›ืขืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื
08:27
and is in danger of collapse.
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ื•ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืกื›ื ืช ื”ืชืžื•ื˜ื˜ื•ืช.
08:31
So we need to think differently about intellectual property.
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ื›ืš ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืื—ืจืช ืขืœ ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™.
08:34
I'll give you an example.
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ืืชืŸ ืœื›ื ื“ื•ื’ืžื”.
08:35
The pharmaceutical industry is in deep trouble.
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ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื ืชื•ื ื” ื‘ืฆืจื” ืงืฉื”.
08:38
First of all, there aren't a lot of big inventions
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ืจืืฉื™ืช, ืื™ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื
08:40
in the pipeline, and this is a big problem for human health,
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ื‘ืื•ืคืง, ื•ื–ื• ื‘ืขื™ื” ืจืฆื™ื ื™ืช ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช,
08:43
and the pharmaceutical industry has got a bigger problem,
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ืืš ืœืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื” ื—ืžื•ืจื” ืžื–ื•:
08:48
that they're about to fall off something
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ื”ื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœื™ืคื•ืœ ืžืžืฉื”ื•
08:50
called the patent cliff.
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ืฉื ืงืจื "ืฆื•ืง ื”ืคื˜ื ื˜ื™ื".
08:51
Do you know about this?
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ืฉืžืขืชื ืขืœ ื–ื”?
08:52
They're going to lose 20 to 35 percent of their revenue
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ื”ื ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื ืœื”ืคืกื™ื“ 20-35 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ื›ื ืกื•ืชื™ื”ื
08:55
in the next 12 months.
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ื‘-12 ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื.
08:57
And what are you going to do,
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ื•ืžื” ื”ื‘ืจื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื?
08:58
like, cut back on paper clips or something? No.
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ืœืžืฉืœ, ืœืงืฆืฅ ื‘ืžื”ื“ืงื™ ื ื™ื™ืจ? ืœื.
09:01
We need to reinvent the whole model of scientific research.
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืžืฆื™ื ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ืขื™.
09:06
The pharmaceutical industry needs to place assets
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ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ื ื›ืกื™ื
09:09
in a commons. They need to start sharing precompetitive research.
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ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื›ืœืœ, ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืฉืชืฃ ืืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ืงื“ื-ืชื—ืจื•ืชื™.
09:13
They need to start sharing
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ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืฉืชืฃ
09:16
clinical trial data,
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ืืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืงืœื™ื ื™ื™ื,
09:17
and in doing so, create a rising tide that could lift all boats,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืš ื”ื ื™ื’ืจืžื• ืœื’ืœ-ื’ืื•ืช ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืกื™ืจื•ืช,
09:21
not just for the industry but
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ืœื ืจืง ืฉืœ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื” ืขืฆืžื”
09:23
for humanity.
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ืืœื ื’ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช.
09:26
Now, the fourth meaning
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ื•ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช
09:29
of openness,
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ืฉืœ ื”ืคืชื™ื—ื•ืช
09:31
and corresponding principle, is about empowerment.
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ื•ื”ืขืงืจื•ืŸ ื”ื ืœื•ื•ื”, ืงืฉื•ืจ ื‘ื”ืขืฆืžื”.
09:33
And I'm not talking about the motherhood sense here.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืœื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืขืฆืžื” ืื™ืžื”ื™ืช.
09:35
Knowledge and intelligence is power,
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ื™ื“ืข ื•ืชื‘ื•ื ื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื—,
09:38
and as it becomes more distributed, there's a
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ื•ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื ืžืชืคืฉื˜ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ,
09:41
concomitant distribution
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ื‘ื“-ื‘ื‘ื“ ืžืชืจื—ืฉื™ื ื’ื ืชืคื•ืฆื”,
09:44
and decentralization and disaggregation of power
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ื‘ื™ื–ื•ืจ ื•ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ืžื™ืฆืจืคื™ ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื—
09:47
that's underway in the world today.
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ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื›ื™ื•ื.
09:49
The open world is bringing freedom.
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ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืคืชื•ื— ืžื‘ื™ื ื—ื•ืคืฉ.
09:52
Now, take the Arab Spring.
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ืงื—ื• ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืืช ื”ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืขืจื‘ื™.
09:55
The debate about the role of social media
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ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืื•ื“ื•ืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืžื“ื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช
09:57
and social change has been settled.
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ื•ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื›ืจืข.
09:59
You know, one word: Tunisia.
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ืžื™ืœื” ืื—ืช: ื˜ื•ื ื™ืก.
10:02
And then it ended up having a whole bunch of other words too.
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ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆืจ ืžืกืคืจ ืžืœื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช.
10:04
But in the Tunisian revolution,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื ื™ืก,
10:07
the new media didn't cause the revolution;
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ื”ืžื“ื™ื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ื’ื•ืจื ืœืžื”ืคื›ื”;
10:09
it was caused by injustice.
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ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื”ืชื—ื•ืœืœื” ืขืงื‘ ืื™-ืฆื“ืง.
10:11
Social media didn't create the revolution;
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ืœื ื”ืžื“ื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืœืœื” ืืช ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื”;
10:15
it was created by a new generation of young people
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ื™ืฆืจ ืื•ืชื” ื“ื•ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื
10:17
who wanted jobs and hope and
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ืฉืจืฆื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ืชืงื•ื•ื”,
10:19
who didn't want to be treated as subjects anymore.
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ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื™ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื• ืืœื™ื”ื ื›ืืœ ื ืชื™ื ื™ื.
10:23
But just as the Internet drops transaction and collaboration
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ืืš ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืžื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ืขืกืงืื•ืช ื•ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื”
10:26
costs in business and government,
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ื‘ืขืกืงื™ื ื•ื‘ืžืžืฉืœ,
10:28
it also drops the cost of dissent, of rebellion,
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ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืžื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช, ื”ืžืจื“,
10:31
and even insurrection
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ื•ืืฃ ื”ื”ืชืงื•ืžืžื•ืช
10:33
in ways that people didn't understand.
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ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•.
10:35
You know, during the Tunisian revolution,
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื ื™ืก,
10:37
snipers associated with the regime were killing
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ืฆืœืคื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจ ื”ืจื’ื•
10:40
unarmed students in the street.
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ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืœื-ื—ืžื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช.
10:41
So the students would take their mobile devices,
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ืื– ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืœืงื—ื• ืืช ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื”ื ื™ื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื,
10:44
take a picture, triangulate the location,
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ืฆื™ืœืžื•, ืื™ื›ื ื• ืืช ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื,
10:47
send that picture to friendly military units,
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ืฉืœื—ื• ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืฆื‘ื ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื•ืช,
10:49
who'd come in and take out the snipers.
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ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ื•ื—ื™ืกืœื• ืืช ื”ืฆืœืคื™ื.
10:52
You think that social media is about hooking up online?
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ื ืจืื” ืœื›ื ืฉื”ืžื“ื™ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื–ื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจืฉืช?
10:54
For these kids, it was a military tool
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ื–ื”ื• ืืžืฆืขื™ ืœื—ื™ืžื”
10:57
to defend unarmed people from murderers.
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ืฉืžื’ืŸ ืขืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื-ื—ืžื•ืฉื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื—ื™ื.
11:00
It was a tool of self-defense.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืืžืฆืขื™ ืœื”ื’ื ื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช.
11:02
You know, as we speak today, young people
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ื”ืจื™ ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืืŸ,
11:05
are being killed in Syria,
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ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื ื”ืจื’ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืจื™ื”,
11:07
and up until three months ago,
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ื•ืขื“ ืœืคื ื™ 3 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื,
11:09
if you were injured on the street,
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ืื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื ืคืฆืข ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘,
11:11
an ambulance would pick you up,
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ื”ื™ื” ืžื’ื™ืข ืืžื‘ื•ืœื ืก ืœืืกื•ืฃ ืื•ืชื•,
11:12
take you to the hospital, you'd go in, say, with a broken leg,
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ืœื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืœื‘ื™"ื—. ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื ื›ื ืก ืœืžืฉืœ, ืขื ืจื’ืœ ืฉื‘ื•ืจื”,
11:15
and you'd come out with a bullet in your head.
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ื•ื™ื•ืฆื ืขื ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื‘ืจืืฉ.
11:18
So these 20-somethings created
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ืื– ื‘ื ื™ ื”-20 ื•ืžืฉื”ื• ื”ืืœื” ืืจื’ื ื•
11:21
an alternative health care system,
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ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื—ืœื•ืคื™ืช,
11:23
where what they did is they used Twitter and basic
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ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘"ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ" ื•ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื
11:25
publicly available tools that when someone's injured,
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ืฉื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื ืคืฆืข,
11:28
a car would show up, it would pick them up,
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ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช, ืื•ืกืคืช ืื•ืชื•,
11:31
take them to a makeshift medical clinic, where you'd get
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ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืื•ืชื• ืœืžืจืคืื” ื–ืžื ื™ืช, ื•ืฉื ื”ื•ื ืžืงื‘ืœ
11:34
medical treatment, as opposed to being executed.
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ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืจืคื•ืื™, ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืฆื ืœื”ื•ืจื’.
11:37
So this is a time of great change.
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ื›ืš ืฉืืœื” ื–ืžื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
11:40
Now, it's not without its problems.
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ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช.
11:43
Up until two years ago,
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ืขื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื,
11:46
all revolutions in human history had a leadership,
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ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช,
11:49
and when the old regime fell, the leadership
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ื•ื›ืฉื”ืžืฉื˜ืจ ื”ื™ืฉืŸ ื ืคืœ, ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช
11:52
and the organization would take power.
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ื•ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืขื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ.
11:53
Well, these wiki revolutions happen so fast
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืžื”ืคื›ื•ืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ ื”ืืœื” ืงื•ืจื•ืช ื›ื” ืžื”ืจ,
11:55
they create a vacuum, and
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ืฉื”ืŸ ื™ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืจื™ืง,
11:57
politics abhors a vacuum,
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ื•ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ื”ืจื™ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืกื‘ื•ืœ ืจื™ืง,
11:58
and unsavory forces can fill that,
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ื•ืื– ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืœื ื ื—ืžื“ื™ื ืžืžืœืื™ื ืื•ืชื•,
12:00
typically the old regime,
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ื‘ื“"ื› ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจ ื”ื™ืฉืŸ,
12:04
or extremists, or fundamentalist forces.
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ืื• ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื, ืื• ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืงื ืื™ื™ื.
12:06
You can see this playing out today in Egypt.
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ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื.
12:09
But that doesn't matter,
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ื—ืฉื•ื‘,
12:10
because this is moving forward.
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ื›ื™ ื–ื• ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช.
12:12
The train has left the station. The cat is out of the bag.
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ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ืขื–ื‘ื” ืืช ื”ืชื—ื ื”. ื™ืฆื ื”ืžืจืฆืข ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืง.
12:15
The horse is out of the barn. Help me out here, okay?
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ื”ืกื•ืก ื‘ืจื— ืžื”ืื•ืจื•ื•ื”. ืชืขื–ืจื• ืœื™, ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื›ื.
12:19
(Laughter) The toothpaste is out of the tube.
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[ืฆื—ื•ืง] ืžืฉื—ืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ื‘ืฉืคื•ืคืจืช.
12:21
I mean, we're not putting this one back.
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ื ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื’ืœื’ืœ ืœืื—ื•ืจ.
12:23
The open world is bringing empowerment and freedom.
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ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืคืชื•ื— ืžื‘ื™ื ื”ืขืฆืžื” ื•ื—ื•ืคืฉ.
12:27
I think, at the end of these four days,
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ืœื“ืขืชื™, ื‘ืชื•ื ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
12:30
that you'll come to conclude that the arc of history
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ืชื’ื™ืขื• ืœืžืกืงื ื” ืฉืขืงื•ืžืช ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”
12:32
is a positive one, and it's towards openness.
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ื”ื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช, ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืชืงื“ืžืช ืœืขื‘ืจ ืคืชื™ื—ื•ืช.
12:36
If you go back a few hundred years,
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ืื ื ื—ื–ื•ืจ ื›ืžื” ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื ืœืื—ื•ืจ,
12:38
all around the world it was a very closed society.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืกื’ื•ืจื” ืžืื“.
12:41
It was agrarian, and the means of production
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ื—ืงืœืื™ืช, ื•ืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ
12:42
and political system was called feudalism, and knowledge
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ื•ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ื ืงืจืื• "ืคื™ืื•ื“ืœื™ื–ื", ื•ื”ื™ื“ืข
12:45
was concentrated in the church and the nobility.
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ื”ื™ื” ืžืจื•ื›ื– ื‘ื›ื ืกื™ื” ื•ื‘ืืฆื•ืœื”.
12:49
People didn't know about things.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื ื™ื“ืขื• ื”ืจื‘ื”.
12:51
There was no concept of progress.
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ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืฉื’ ืฉืœ ืงื™ื“ืžื”.
12:53
You were born, you lived your life and you died.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื ื•ืœื“ื•, ื—ื™ื• ื•ืžืชื•.
12:55
But then Johannes Gutenberg came along with his great invention,
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ืืš ืื– ื”ื•ืคื™ืข ื™ื•ื”ืŸ ื’ื•ื˜ื ื‘ืจื’ ืขื ื”ื”ืžืฆืื” ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœื•,
13:00
and, over time, the society opened up.
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ื•ืœืื˜ ืœืื˜ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื ืคืชื—ื”.
13:03
People started to learn about things, and when they did,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื•ื‘ืขืฉื•ืชื ื›ืŸ,
13:05
the institutions of feudal society appeared
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ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืคื™ืื•ื“ืœื™ืช ื”ื—ืœื• ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช
13:07
to be stalled, or frozen, or failing.
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ื ื•ืงืฉื™ื, ืื• ืงืคื•ืื™ื, ืื• ื›ื•ืฉืœื™ื.
13:10
It didn't make sense for the church to be responsible
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ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉื”ื›ื ืกื™ื” ืชื”ื™ื” ืื—ืจืื™ืช
13:13
for medicine when people had knowledge.
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ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืจืคื•ืื™, ื›ืฉืœืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืฉ ื™ื“ืข.
13:15
So we saw the Protestant Reformation.
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ื•ื›ืš ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืขื“ื™ื ืœืจืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื” ื”ืคืจื•ื˜ืกื˜ื ื˜ื™ืช.
13:17
Martin Luther called the printing press
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ืžืจื˜ื™ืŸ ืœื•ืชืจ ื›ื™ื ื” ืืช ืžื›ื‘ืฉ ื”ื“ืคื•ืก:
13:19
"God's highest act of grace."
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"ืžืขืฉื” ื”ื—ืกื“ ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ ื”ื ืฉื’ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ".
13:22
The creation of a corporation, science, the university,
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ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“, ื”ืžื“ืข, ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื”,
13:25
eventually the Industrial Revolution,
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ื•ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™ืช,
13:27
and it was all good.
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ื•ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื˜ื•ื‘.
13:29
But it came with a cost.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœื›ืš ืžื—ื™ืจ.
13:31
And now, once again, the technology genie
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ื•ื›ืขืช, ืฉื•ื‘, ืฉื“ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”
13:34
is out of the bottle, but this time it's different.
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ื™ืฆื ืžื”ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืง, ืืš ื”ืคืขื ื–ื” ืฉื•ื ื”.
13:37
The printing press gave us access to the written word.
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ืžื›ื‘ืฉ ื”ื“ืคื•ืก ื”ืขื ื™ืง ืœื ื• ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืžื™ืœื” ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื”.
13:40
The Internet enables each of us to be a producer.
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ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืคื™ืง.
13:43
The printing press gave us access to recorded knowledge.
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ืžื›ื‘ืฉ ื”ื“ืคื•ืก ื ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื™ื“ืข ื”ืžืชื•ืขื“.
13:46
The Internet gives us access,
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ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื”ืขื ื™ืง ืœื ื• ื’ื™ืฉื”
13:48
not just to information and knowledge, but
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ืœื ืจืง ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื•ืœื™ื“ืข,
13:50
to the intelligence contained in the crania of other people
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ืืœื ื’ื ืœืชื‘ื•ื ื” ื”ืืฆื•ืจื” ื‘ืจืืฉื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืื—ืจื™ื
13:53
on a global basis.
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ื‘ืงื ื”-ืžื™ื“ื” ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™.
13:55
To me, this is not an information age,
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ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื–ื” ืื™ื ื ื• ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข,
13:58
it's an age of networked intelligence.
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ืืœื ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืžืจื•ืฉืช.
14:01
It's an age of vast promise,
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ื–ื”ื• ืขื™ื“ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ืžืŸ ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื• ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ื›ื‘ื™ืจื”,
14:05
an age of collaboration,
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ืขื™ื“ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ-ืคืขื•ืœื”,
14:08
where the boundaries of our organizations are changing,
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ืฉื‘ื• ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืžืฉื ื™ื ืฆื•ืจื”,
14:12
of transparency, where sunlight
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ืขื™ื“ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช, ืฉื‘ื• ืื•ืจ ื”ืฉืžืฉ
14:15
is disinfecting civilization,
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ืžื—ื˜ื ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื”,
14:18
an age of sharing and understanding
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ืขื™ื“ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื•ื”ื‘ื ื”
14:22
the new power of the commons,
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ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืœืœ,
14:23
and it's an age of empowerment
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ื•ื–ื”ื• ืขื™ื“ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืขืฆืžื”
14:26
and of freedom.
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ื•ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืคืฉ.
14:29
Now, what I'd like to do is,
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ืžื” ืฉื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช,
14:32
to close, to share with you
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ืœืกื™ื•ื, ื”ื•ื ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืขื™ืžื›ื
14:35
some research that I've been doing.
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ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืกื•ื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ืจืš.
14:38
I've tried to study all kinds of organizations
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ื›ื‘ืจ ื ื™ืกื™ืชื™ ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื
14:40
to understand what the future might look like,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“,
14:43
but I've been studying nature recently.
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ืืš ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืงืจ ืืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืข.
14:46
You know, bees come in swarms
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ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืจื™ ืขืคื•ืช ื‘ื ื—ื™ืœื™ื
14:50
and fish come in schools.
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ื•ื“ื’ื™ื - ื‘ืœื”ืงื•ืช.
14:53
Starlings, in the area around Edinburgh,
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ื–ืจื–ื™ืจื™ื, ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ืฉืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืื“ื™ื ื‘ื•ืจื•,
14:55
in the moors of England,
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ื‘ืื“ืžื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืื ื’ืœื™ื”,
14:57
come in something called a murmuration,
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ืขืคื•ืช ื‘ืžื” ืฉืงืจื•ื™ "ื”ืžื”ื•ื" (ืœื”ืงืช ื–ืจื–ื™ืจื™ื),
14:59
and the murmuration refers to the murmuring of the wings
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ื•ื”ื”ืžื”ื•ื ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืฆืœื™ืœ ื”ื›ื ืคื™ื™ื
15:02
of the birds, and throughout the day the starlings
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ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื›ื•ืœื• ื”ื–ืจื–ื™ืจื™ื
15:04
are out over a 20-mile radius
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ืžื›ืกื™ื ืฉื˜ื— ื‘ืจื“ื™ื•ืก ืฉืœ 30 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื
15:06
sort of doing their starling thing.
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ื•ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื”ื–ืจื–ื™ืจื™ื™ื.
15:08
And at night they come together
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ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื”ื ืžืชืงื‘ืฆื™ื
15:09
and they create one of the most spectacular things
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ื•ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืืช ืื—ื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžืจื”ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
15:11
in all of nature,
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ื‘ื˜ื‘ืข,
15:13
and it's called a murmuration.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื›ื•ื ื” "ื”ืžื”ื•ื".
15:15
And scientists that have studied this have said
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ื”ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ืฉื—ืงืจื• ืืช ื–ื” ืืžืจื•,
15:18
they've never seen an accident.
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ืฉื”ื ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืจืื• ืฉืžืชืจื—ืฉืช ืชืื•ื ื”.
15:20
Now, this thing has a function.
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ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืชืคืงื™ื“.
15:22
It protects the birds.
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ื”ื•ื ืžื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื.
15:24
You can see on the right here,
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ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ืืŸ ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ
15:25
there's a predator being chased away by the collective power
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ื˜ื•ืจืฃ ืฉื ืžืœื˜ ืžืคื ื™ ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฆื™
15:30
of the birds, and apparently this is a frightening thing
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ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ื•ื›ื ืจืื” ืฉื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืคื—ื™ื“,
15:33
if you're a predator of starlings.
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ืื ืืชื ื˜ื•ืจืคื™ ื–ืจื–ื™ืจื™ื.
15:36
And there's leadership,
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ื™ืฉื ื” ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช,
15:39
but there's no one leader.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ื‘ื•ื“ื“.
15:41
Now, is this some kind of fanciful analogy,
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ื”ืื ื–ื• ืื™ื–ื• ื”ืงื‘ืœื” ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื™ืช,
15:43
or could we actually learn something from this?
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ืื• ืฉืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžื›ืš ืžืฉื”ื•?
15:45
Well, the murmuration functions to record
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ื”ื”ืžื”ื•ื ืžืชืคืงื“ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืžืชืขื“ืช
15:48
a number of principles,
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ืžืกืคืจ ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช,
15:50
and they're basically the principles that
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ื•ืืœื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช
15:51
I have described to you today.
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ืฉืชื™ืืจืชื™ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ื”ื™ื•ื.
15:53
This is a huge collaboration.
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ื–ื”ื• ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ-ืคืขื•ืœื” ืื“ื™ืจ.
15:56
It's an openness, it's a sharing
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ื–ืืช ืคืชื™ื—ื•ืช, ื–ื”ื• ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ
15:58
of all kinds of information, not just about location
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ืฉืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ืžื›ืœ ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื, ื•ืœื ืจืง ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœืžื™ืงื•ื
16:00
and trajectory and danger and so on, but about food sources.
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ื•ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื ื•ืกื›ื ื” ื•ื›ื•', ืืœื ื’ื ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืžื–ื•ืŸ.
16:05
And there's a real sense of interdependence,
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ื•ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ืชืœื•ืช ื”ื“ื“ื™ืช,
16:09
that the individual birds somehow understand
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ื›ืฉื”ืฆื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื” ืžื‘ื™ื ื” ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื•
16:13
that their interests are in the interest of the collective.
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ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ืชื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœื›ืœืœ.
16:16
Perhaps like we should understand
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ืื•ืœื™ ื›ืš ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ
16:18
that business can't succeed
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ืฉืขืกืงื™ื ืื™ื ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฆืœื™ื—
16:22
in a world that's failing.
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ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉื›ื•ืฉืœ.
16:25
Well, I look at this thing,
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ืื™ืฉื™ืช, ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ื–ื”
16:26
and I get a lot of hope.
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ื•ืฉื•ืื‘ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืชืงื•ื•ื”.
16:29
Think about the kids today in the Arab Spring, and
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ื—ื™ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืขืจื‘ื™,
16:34
you see something like this that's underway.
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ื•ืชืจืื• ืฉื”ื•ืœืš ื•ื ืจืงื ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืขื™ืŸ ื–ื”.
16:37
And imagine, just consider this idea, if you would:
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ื•ืชืืจื• ืœืขืฆืžื›ื, ืจืง ื—ื™ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื, ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”:
16:41
What if we could connect ourselves in this world
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ืžื” ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”,
16:45
through a vast network of air and glass?
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ื“ืจืš ืจืฉืช ืขืฆื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื•ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช?
16:49
Could we go beyond just sharing information and knowledge?
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ื”ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืกืชื ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ื•ื™ื“ืข?
16:52
Could we start to share our intelligence?
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ื”ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืฉืชืฃ ืืช ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื” ืฉืœื ื•?
16:54
Could we create some kind of
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ื”ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉืชืฃ ืกื•ื’ ื›ืœืฉื”ื•
16:56
collective intelligence
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ืฉืœ ืชื‘ื•ื ื” ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฆื™ืช
16:58
that goes beyond an individual or a group or a team
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ืฉื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžืŸ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“, ื•ืžืŸ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืื• ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช
17:02
to create, perhaps, some kind of consciousness
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืื•ืœื™ ืื™ื–ื• ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช
17:06
on a global basis?
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ื‘ืงื ื”-ืžื™ื“ื” ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™?
17:07
Well, if we could do this, we could attack some big problems in the world.
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ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช, ื ืฆืœื™ื— ืœืชืงื•ืฃ ื›ืžื” ืžื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœืžื ื•.
17:11
And I look at this thing,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื”,
17:13
and, I don't know, I get a lot of hope that maybe this
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ื•ืฉื•ืื‘ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืชืงื•ื•ื”, ืฉืื•ืœื™
17:16
smaller, networked, open world
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ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ืžืจื•ืฉืช ื•ื”ืคืชื•ื— ื”ื–ื”
17:20
that our kids inherit might be a better one, and that
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ืฉื™ืœื“ื™ื ื• ื™ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืžืื™ืชื ื• ื™ื”ื™ื” ืคืขื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
17:23
this new age of networked intelligence could be
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ื•ืฉืขื™ื“ืŸ ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืชื‘ื•ื ื” ืžืจื•ืฉืชืช ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช
17:26
an age of promise fulfilled
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ืขื™ื“ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืžืžื•ืžืฉืช
17:29
and of peril unrequited.
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ื•ืฉืœ ืกื›ื ื” ืฉืœื ื”ืชื’ืฉืžื”.
17:32
Let's do this. Thank you.
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ื”ื‘ื” ื ืขืฉื” ื–ืืช. ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
17:35
(Applause)
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[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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