The case for optimism on climate change | Al Gore

386,939 views ใƒป 2016-03-14

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Shlomo Adam ืžื‘ืงืจ: Sigal Tifferet
00:12
I was excited to be a part of the "Dream" theme,
0
12806
4180
ื”ืชืจื’ืฉืชื™ ืžื›ืš ืฉืฉื•ื‘ืฆืชื™ ืœื ื•ืฉื "ื”ื—ืœื•ื",
ื•ืื– ื’ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืคื•ืชื— ืืช ื”ื—ืœืง ืฉืœ "ื”ืกื™ื•ื˜".
00:17
and then I found out I'm leading off the "Nightmare?" section of it.
1
17010
3379
00:20
(Laughter)
2
20413
3535
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
00:23
And certainly there are things about the climate crisis that qualify.
3
23972
4466
ื•ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืืงืœื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืชื•ืืจ ื–ื” ื”ื•ืœื ืื•ืชื.
00:28
And I have some bad news,
4
28462
2263
ื•ืืžื ื ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื›ืžื” ื‘ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืจืขื•ืช,
00:30
but I have a lot more good news.
5
30749
2166
ืืš ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช.
00:32
I'm going to propose three questions
6
32939
3397
ืืฆื™ื’ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉืืœื•ืช,
00:36
and the answer to the first one
7
36360
2740
ื•ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžื”ืŸ
00:39
necessarily involves a little bad news.
8
39124
2367
ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ื‘ื›ืžื” ื‘ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืจืขื•ืช.
00:41
But -- hang on, because the answers to the second and third questions
9
41515
5409
ืื‘ืœ ืกื‘ืœื ื•ืช -- ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœืฉืืœื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ื•ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช
00:46
really are very positive.
10
46948
2113
ื”ืŸ ื‘ืืžืช ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžืื“.
00:49
So the first question is, "Do we really have to change?"
11
49085
4362
ืื ื›ืŸ, ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื: "ื”ืื ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื•?"
00:54
And of course, the Apollo Mission, among other things
12
54106
5125
ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืžืฉืœื—ืช "ืืคื•ืœื•", ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืชืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื,
00:59
changed the environmental movement,
13
59255
2321
ืฉื™ื ืชื” ืืช ืื•ืคื™ ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”,
01:01
really launched the modern environmental movement.
14
61600
2832
ื•ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื™ืฆืจื” ืืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช
01:04
18 months after this Earthrise picture was first seen on earth,
15
64456
4457
18 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืชืžื•ื ืช ื–ืจื™ื—ืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื ืจืืชื” ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืขืœื™-ืื“ืžื•ืช,
01:08
the first Earth Day was organized.
16
68937
2600
ืื•ืจื’ืŸ "ื™ื•ื ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ" ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ.
01:11
And we learned a lot about ourselves
17
71561
2739
ื•ืœืžื“ื ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื ื•
01:14
looking back at our planet from space.
18
74324
2890
ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ืืช ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ืœื›ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืžืŸ ื”ื—ืœืœ.
01:17
And one of the things that we learned
19
77238
1793
ื•ืื—ื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœืžื“ื ื•
ืื™ืฉืจ ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ืืžืจื• ืœื ื• ืžืื– ื•ืžืชืžื™ื“.
01:19
confirmed what the scientists have long told us.
20
79055
2443
01:21
One of the most essential facts
21
81522
2042
ืื—ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื”ื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
01:23
about the climate crisis has to do with the sky.
22
83588
2820
ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืืงืœื™ื ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœืฉืžื™ื™ื.
01:26
As this picture illustrates,
23
86432
1776
ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื–ืืช ืžืจืื”,
01:28
the sky is not the vast and limitless expanse
24
88232
3041
ื”ืฉืžื™ื™ื ืื™ื ื ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืขืฆื•ื ื•ื—ืกืจ-ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช
01:31
that appears when we look up from the ground.
25
91297
2832
ืฉื ืจืื” ื›ืฉืื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื˜ื™ื ืœืžืขืœื” ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืงืจืงืข.
01:34
It is a very thin shell of atmosphere
26
94153
3853
ื–ืืช ืžืขื˜ืคืช ื“ืงื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืื˜ืžื•ืกืคื™ืจื”
01:38
surrounding the planet.
27
98030
1395
ืฉืžืงื™ืคื” ืืช ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ืœื›ืช.
01:40
That right now is the open sewer for our industrial civilization
28
100449
5196
ื•ื–ื” ื›ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืฉื•ืคื›ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•,
01:45
as it's currently organized.
29
105669
1880
ื›ืคื™ ืฉื–ื• ืžืื•ืจื’ื ืช ื›ื™ื•ื.
01:47
We are spewing 110 million tons
30
107573
3622
ืื ื• ืžืงื™ืื™ื ืืœื™ื” 110 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื ื•ืช
01:51
of heat-trapping global warming pollution into it every 24 hours,
31
111219
4968
ืฉืœ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ืœื•ื›ื“-ื—ื•ื ื‘ื›ืœ 24 ืฉืขื•ืช,
01:56
free of charge, go ahead.
32
116211
1556
ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื ื ืœื›ื•ืœื. ื—ื•ืคืฉื™-ื—ื•ืคืฉื™.
01:58
And there are many sources of the greenhouse gases,
33
118533
2495
ื•ืœื’ื–ื™ ื”ื—ืžืžื” ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื,
ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืœื ืืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื›ื•ืœื.
02:01
I'm certainly not going to go through them all.
34
121052
2240
02:03
I'm going to focus on the main one,
35
123316
1694
ืื ื™ ืืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืฉื‘ื”ื,
ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื›ืš ืงืฉืจ ืœื—ืงืœืื•ืช, ืชื–ื•ื ื”, ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื”.
02:05
but agriculture is involved, diet is involved, population is involved.
36
125034
4388
02:09
Management of forests, transportation,
37
129446
2483
ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ื™ืขืจื•ืช, ืชืขื‘ื•ืจื”,
02:11
the oceans, the melting of the permafrost.
38
131953
2068
ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืกื™ื, ื”ืžืกืช ืงืจื— ื”ืขื“.
02:14
But I'm going to focus on the heart of the problem,
39
134458
2406
ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืœื‘ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”:
02:16
which is the fact that we still rely on dirty, carbon-based fuels
40
136888
4515
ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืื ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืกืชืžื›ื™ื ืขืœ ื“ืœืงื™ื ืžื–ื•ื”ืžื™ื ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™-ืคื—ื
02:21
for 85 percent of all the energy that our world burns every year.
41
141427
6439
ืœื”ืคืงืช 85% ืžื›ืœ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉืขื•ืœืžื ื• ืฉื•ืจืฃ ืžื™ื“ื™ ืฉื ื”.
02:27
And you can see from this image that after World War II,
42
147890
3676
ื•ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื–ืืช ืฉืื—ืจื™ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”-2,
02:31
the emission rates started really accelerating.
43
151590
2908
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื• ืžืžืฉ ืœื”ืื™ืฅ.
02:34
And the accumulated amount of man-made, global warming pollution
44
154522
3329
ื•ื”ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจืช ืฉืœ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ืžืขืฉื” ืื“ื, ืฉืžื—ืžื ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื,
02:37
that is up in the atmosphere now
45
157875
1526
ืฉื ืžืฆืืช ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ืื˜ืžื•ืกืคื™ืจื”
02:39
traps as much extra heat energy as would be released
46
159425
3734
ืœื•ื›ื“ืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ืช-ื—ื•ื ืขื•ื“ืคืช ื–ื”ื” ืœื–ื• ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืžืฉืชื—ืจืจืช
02:43
by 400,000 Hiroshima-class atomic bombs exploding
47
163183
5449
ืž-400,000 ืคืฆืฆื•ืช ืื˜ื•ื ืžื”ืกื•ื’ ืฉื”ื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉื™ืžื”
02:48
every 24 hours, 365 days a year.
48
168656
3013
ื‘ื›ืœ 24 ืฉืขื•ืช, 365 ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื”.
02:52
Fact-checked over and over again,
49
172494
1818
ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ื ื‘ื“ืงื• ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘,
02:54
conservative, it's the truth.
50
174336
2197
ื•ื–ื”ื• ืื•ืžื“ืŸ ืฉืžืจื ื™, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื• ื”ืืžืช.
02:56
Now it's a big planet, but --
51
176557
2096
ืื– ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉื–ื”ื• ื›ื•ื›ื‘-ืœื›ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืื‘ืœ --
02:59
(Explosion sound)
52
179131
2001
(ืงื•ืœ ื”ืชืคื•ืฆืฆื•ืช)
03:01
that is a lot of energy,
53
181156
1623
ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืื ืจื’ื™ื”,
03:02
particularly when you multiply it 400,000 times per day.
54
182803
5403
ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื›ืฉืžื›ืคื™ืœื™ื ืื•ืชื” ื‘-400,000 ืžื™ื“ื™ ื™ื•ื.
03:08
And all that extra heat energy
55
188881
1509
ื•ื›ืœ ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ื ื”ืขื•ื“ืคืช ื”ื–ืืช
03:10
is heating up the atmosphere, the whole earth system.
56
190414
2976
ืžื—ืžืžืช ืืช ื”ืื˜ืžื•ืกืคื™ืจื”, ืืช ื›ืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ.
03:13
Let's look at the atmosphere.
57
193414
1950
ื”ื‘ื” ื ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ืื˜ืžื•ืกืคื™ืจื”.
03:15
This is a depiction
58
195388
1290
ื–ื”ื• ืชื™ืื•ืจ
03:16
of what we used to think of as the normal distribution of temperatures.
59
196702
5465
ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉื ื—ืฉื‘ ืคืขื ืœื”ืชืคืœื’ื•ืช ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ืชืงื™ื ื”.
03:22
The white represents normal temperature days;
60
202191
3087
ื”ืœื‘ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื” ื ื•ืจืžืœื™ืช;
03:25
1951-1980 are arbitrarily chosen.
61
205302
3041
ื”ืฉื ื™ื 1951-1980 ื ื‘ื—ืจื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืจื™ืจื•ืชื™.
03:28
The blue are cooler than average days,
62
208367
1880
ื”ื›ื—ื•ืœ ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ื™ืžื™ื ืงืจื™ื ืžื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข,
03:30
the red are warmer than average days.
63
210271
2251
ื”ืื“ื•ื ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ื™ืžื™ื ื—ืžื™ื ืžื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข.
03:32
But the entire curve has moved to the right in the 1980s.
64
212546
4158
ืื‘ืœ ื”ืขืงื•ืžื” ื›ื•ืœื” ืขื‘ืจื” ื™ืžื™ื ื” ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-80 ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”-20.
03:36
And you'll see in the lower right-hand corner
65
216728
2151
ื•ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ืคื™ื ื” ื”ื™ืžื ื™ืช ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื”
03:38
the appearance of statistically significant numbers
66
218903
2443
ืฉืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช
03:41
of extremely hot days.
67
221370
1578
ืฉืœ ื™ืžื™ื ื—ืžื™ื ื‘ืื•ืจื— ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™.
03:42
In the 90s, the curve shifted further.
68
222972
1973
ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-90 ื”ืขืงื•ืžื” ื–ื–ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ,
03:44
And in the last 10 years, you see the extremely hot days
69
224969
3691
ื•ื‘-10 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื—ืžื™ื ืžื“ื™
03:48
are now more numerous than the cooler than average days.
70
228684
3667
ืจื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืงืจื™ื ืžื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข.
03:52
In fact, they are 150 times more common on the surface of the earth
71
232375
5456
ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ื ืคื™ 150 ืฉื›ื™ื—ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืงืจืงืข
03:57
than they were just 30 years ago.
72
237855
3381
ืžืืฉืจ ืœืคื ื™ 30 ืฉื ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“.
04:01
So we're having record-breaking temperatures.
73
241713
3070
ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืื ื• ื—ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื‘ืจื•ืช-ืฉื™ืื™ื.
04:04
Fourteen of the 15 of the hottest years ever measured with instruments
74
244807
3323
14 ืžืชื•ืš 15 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื—ืžื•ืช ืฉื ืžื“ื“ื• ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืžื™ื›ืฉื•ืจ
04:08
have been in this young century.
75
248154
1539
ืื™ืจืขื• ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ื™ืชื•ืœื™ ื”ืžืื” ื”ื–ืืช;
04:09
The hottest of all was last year.
76
249717
2533
ื”ื—ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื™ื” ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ื”.
04:12
Last month was the 371st month in a row
77
252274
3497
ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจืฆื™ืคื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื”-37 ื”ื—ื ื™ื•ืชืจ
04:15
warmer than the 20th-century average.
78
255795
2167
ืžืŸ ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”-20.
04:17
And for the first time, not only the warmest January,
79
257986
3180
ื•ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ืœื ืจืง ืฉื™ื ื•ืืจ ื”ื™ื” ื”ื›ื™ ื—ื,
04:21
but for the first time, it was more than two degrees Fahrenheit warmer
80
261190
5061
ืืœื ืฉืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื—ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžืขืœ 2 ืžืขืœื•ืช ืคืจื ื”ื™ื™ื˜
04:26
than the average.
81
266275
2082
ืžืŸ ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข.
04:28
These higher temperatures are having an effect on animals,
82
268381
3904
ื”ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืžืฉืคื™ืขื•ืช ืขืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื,
04:32
plants, people, ecosystems.
83
272309
3063
ืขืœ ื”ืฆืžื—ื™ื, ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื, ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช.
04:35
But on a global basis, 93 percent of all the extra heat energy
84
275396
4922
ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืงื ื”-ืžื™ื“ื” ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™, 93% ืžื›ืœ ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ื ื”ืขื•ื“ืคืช ื”ื–ืืช
04:40
is trapped in the oceans.
85
280342
1416
ืœื›ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืกื™ื.
04:42
And the scientists can measure the heat buildup
86
282116
2207
ื•ื”ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ืืช ื”ืฆื˜ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื ื‘ื™ืชืจ ื“ื™ื•ืง
04:44
much more precisely now
87
284347
1269
04:45
at all depths: deep, mid-ocean,
88
285640
2231
ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืžืงื™ื: ื‘ืžืขืžืงื™ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก, ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•
04:47
the first few hundred meters.
89
287895
2040
ื•ื‘ืžืื•ืช ื”ืžื˜ืจื™ื ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื™ื.
04:49
And this, too, is accelerating.
90
289959
2595
ื•ื’ื ื–ื” ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ืžื•ืืฅ.
04:52
It goes back more than a century.
91
292578
1629
ื–ื” ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืคื ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžืื” ืฉื ื™ื
04:54
And more than half of the increase has been in the last 19 years.
92
294231
4387
ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ื”ืชื—ืžืžื•ืช ืื™ืจืขื” ื‘-19 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช.
04:58
This has consequences.
93
298642
1323
ื™ืฉ ืœื›ืš ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช.
04:59
The first order of consequence:
94
299989
1543
ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ืช:
05:01
the ocean-based storms get stronger.
95
301556
1954
ื”ืกืขืจื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื ืขืฉื•ืช ืขื–ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.
05:03
Super Typhoon Haiyan went over areas of the Pacific
96
303534
2452
ื”ืกื•ืคืจ-ื˜ื™ื™ืคื•ืŸ "ื”ื™ื™ืืŸ" ื—ืœืฃ ืžืขืœ ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ืฉืงื˜
ืฉื”ื™ื• ื—ืžื™ื ื‘-5.5 ืžืขืœื•ืช ืคืจื ื”ื™ื™ื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืจื’ื™ืœ
05:06
five and a half degrees Fahrenheit warmer than normal
97
306010
3319
05:09
before it slammed into Tacloban,
98
309353
2493
ื‘ื˜ืจื ื”ื™ื›ื” ื‘ื˜ืงืœื‘ืืŸ,
05:11
as the most destructive storm ever to make landfall.
99
311870
4023
ื‘ืกื•ืคื” ื”ื”ืจืกื ื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื™-ืคืขื ืฉื™ืฆืจื” ืžืคื•ืœื•ืช ืื“ืžื”.
05:15
Pope Francis, who has made such a difference to this whole issue,
100
315917
4620
ื”ืืคื™ืคื™ื•ืจ ืคืจื ืกื™ืก, ืฉืคืขืœ ื›ื” ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื–ื”,
05:20
visited Tacloban right after that.
101
320561
2305
ื‘ื™ืงืจ ื‘ื˜ืงืœื‘ืืŸ ืžื™ื“ ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ.
05:22
Superstorm Sandy went over areas of the Atlantic
102
322890
2579
ืกื•ืคืช-ื”ืขืœ "ืกื ื“ื™" ื—ืœืคื” ืžืขืœ ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ืื˜ืœื ื˜ื™
05:25
nine degrees warmer than normal
103
325493
2358
ืฉื”ื™ื• ื—ืžื™ื ื‘-9 ืžืขืœื•ืช ืžื”ืจื’ื™ืœ
05:27
before slamming into New York and New Jersey.
104
327875
2887
ื‘ื˜ืจื ื”ื™ื›ืชื” ื‘ื ื™ื•-ื™ื•ืจืง ื•ื‘ื ื™ื•-ื’'ืจื–ื™.
05:31
The second order of consequences are affecting all of us right now.
105
331954
3168
ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืžืฉืคื™ืขื•ืช ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืขืœ ื›ื•ืœื ื•.
05:35
The warmer oceans are evaporating much more water vapor into the skies.
106
335146
5731
ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื—ืžื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืขืœื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื“ื™ ืžื™ื ืืœ ื”ืฉืžื™ื™ื.
05:40
Average humidity worldwide has gone up four percent.
107
340901
3830
ื”ืœื—ื•ืช ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืขืœืชื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-4%
05:44
And it creates these atmospheric rivers.
108
344755
2693
ื•ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ืืช ื”ื ื”ืจื•ืช ื”ืื˜ืžื•ืกืคืจื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
05:47
The Brazilian scientists call them "flying rivers."
109
347472
3018
ื”ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœืื™ื™ื ืžื›ื ื™ื ืื•ืชื: "ื ื”ืจื•ืช ืžืขื•ืคืคื™ื".
05:50
And they funnel all of that extra water vapor over the land
110
350514
4743
ื•ื”ื ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ืคื™ ื”ืื“ื™ื ืืœ ืžืขืœ ืœื™ื‘ืฉื”
05:55
where storm conditions trigger these massive record-breaking downpours.
111
355281
5262
ื•ืฉื ืชื ืื™ ื”ืกื•ืคื” ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœืžื‘ื•ืœื™-ื’ืฉื ืžืกื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ื•ืฉื•ื‘ืจื™-ืฉื™ืื™ื.
06:00
This is from Montana.
112
360567
2740
ื–ื” ื‘ืžื•ื ื˜ื ื”.
06:03
Take a look at this storm last August.
113
363331
2323
ืจืื• ืืช ื”ืกื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ
06:05
As it moves over Tucson, Arizona.
114
365678
2319
ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ื—ื•ืœืคืช ืžืขืœ ื˜ื•ืกื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืืจื™ื–ื•ื ื”.
ื”ื™ื ืžืžืฉ ืžืฆื™ืคื” ืืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ื›ื•ืœื”.
06:08
It literally splashes off the city.
115
368021
3784
06:11
These downpours are really unusual.
116
371829
3203
ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื”ื ื‘ืืžืช ื—ืจื™ื’ื™ื.
06:15
Last July in Houston, Texas,
117
375056
3151
ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ, ื‘ื™ื•ืกื˜ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื˜ืงืกืก,
06:18
it rained for two days, 162 billion gallons.
118
378231
2954
ื™ืจื“ื• ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืš ื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื ืจืฆื•ืคื™ื, ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-600 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืœื™ื˜ืจื™ื.
06:21
That represents more than two days of the full flow of Niagara Falls
119
381209
4063
ื–ื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ืฉืžืคืœื™ ื”ื ื™ืื’ืจื” ื–ืจืžื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ืžืขืœ ื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื
06:25
in the middle of the city,
120
385296
1245
ื‘ืœื‘ ื”ืขื™ืจ, ืฉืฉื•ืชืงื” ืœื’ืžืจื™, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ.
06:26
which was, of course, paralyzed.
121
386565
1903
06:28
These record downpours are creating historic floods and mudslides.
122
388492
4348
ืžื‘ื•ืœื™ ื”ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉื˜ืคื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืžืคื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ื•ืฅ ื‘ืžื™ืžื“ื™ื ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื.
06:32
This one is from Chile last year.
123
392864
3414
ื–ื” ื‘ืฆ'ื™ืœื”, ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื”.
06:37
And you'll see that warehouse going by.
124
397175
3143
ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื—ืกืŸ ืฉื—ื•ืœืฃ ืฉื.
06:40
There are oil tankers cars going by.
125
400342
2604
ื”ื ื” ื—ื•ืœืคื•ืช ื›ืžื” ืžื™ื›ืœื™ื•ืช.
06:42
This is from Spain last September,
126
402970
1936
ื–ื” ื‘ืกืคืจื“, ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ,
06:44
you could call this the running of the cars and trucks, I guess.
127
404930
4094
ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงืจื•ื ืœื–ื” ื ื”ืจ ืฉืœ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืฉืื™ื•ืช.
06:49
Every night on the TV news now is like a nature hike
128
409865
2828
ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืจื‘, ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื ืจืื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืกืจื˜ ื˜ื‘ืข
06:52
through the Book of Revelation.
129
412717
1531
ืœืคื™ ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืื—ืจื™ืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ืกืคืจ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ.
06:54
(Laughter)
130
414575
2391
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
06:56
I mean, really.
131
416990
1361
ืžืžืฉ ื›ืš.
06:59
The insurance industry has certainly noticed,
132
419056
2646
ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื›ื‘ืจ ื–ื™ื”ืชื”
07:01
the losses have been mounting up.
133
421726
2220
ืืช ื”ืขืœื™ื” ื‘ื”ืคืกื“ื™ื.
07:03
They're not under any illusions about what's happening.
134
423970
3598
ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืฉื•ื ืืฉืœื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืฉืจ ืœืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื”.
07:07
And the causality requires a moment of discussion.
135
427972
5270
ื•ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืจื’ืข ืœื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื—ืกื™ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืชื•ืฆืื”.
07:13
We're used to thinking of linear cause and linear effect --
136
433266
3314
ืื ื• ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื™ื—ืก ื™ืฉื™ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœืชื•ืฆืื” --
07:16
one cause, one effect.
137
436604
1151
ืกื™ื‘ื” ืื—ืช - ืชื•ืฆืื” ืื—ืช.
07:17
This is systemic causation.
138
437779
2802
ื›ืืŸ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ื™ื.
07:21
As the great Kevin Trenberth says,
139
441009
2239
ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ืงื•ื•ื™ืŸ ื˜ืจื ื‘ืจื’ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ,
07:23
"All storms are different now.
140
443272
1460
"ื”ื™ื•ื, ื›ืœ ื”ืกื•ืคื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช.
07:24
There's so much extra energy in the atmosphere,
141
444756
2239
"ื™ืฉ ื‘ืื˜ืžื•ืกืคื™ืจื” ืขื•ื“ืคื™ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื›ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื,
"ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ืคื™ ื”ืชืื“ื•ืช ื›ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื,
07:27
there's so much extra water vapor.
142
447019
1665
07:28
Every storm is different now."
143
448708
2993
"ืฉื›ืœ ืกื•ืคื” ื›ื™ื•ื ื”ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื”.
07:31
So, the same extra heat pulls the soil moisture out of the ground
144
451725
4341
ืื•ืชื ืขื•ื“ืคื™ ื”ื—ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืœื—ื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืงืจืงืข
07:36
and causes these deeper, longer, more pervasive droughts
145
456090
4410
ื•ืžื—ื•ืœืœื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื•ืช, ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช ื•ื ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ
07:40
and many of them are underway right now.
146
460524
2090
ื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื”ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ืžืฆืคื•ืช ืœื ื•.
07:42
It dries out the vegetation
147
462638
1514
ื–ื” ืžื™ื™ื‘ืฉ ืืช ื”ืฆืžื—ื™ื”
07:44
and causes more fires in the western part of North America.
148
464176
3662
ื•ื’ื•ืจื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื“ืœื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ ืฉืœ ืฆืคื•ืŸ-ืืžืจื™ืงื”.
07:47
There's certainly been evidence of that, a lot of them.
149
467862
3459
ื™ืฉ ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืขื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื›ืืœื”.
07:51
More lightning,
150
471345
1151
ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืจืงื™ื,
07:52
as the heat energy builds up, there's a considerable amount
151
472520
2782
ื›ืฉื”ื—ื•ื ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจ, ื™ืฉ ื’ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืจืงื™ื.
07:55
of additional lightning also.
152
475326
2820
07:58
These climate-related disasters also have geopolitical consequences
153
478710
6868
ืœืืกื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืงืœื™ื ื™ืฉ ื’ื ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื’ื™ืื•-ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช
08:05
and create instability.
154
485602
1810
ื•ื”ืŸ ื’ื•ืจืžื•ืช ืœื—ื•ืกืจ-ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช.
08:07
The climate-related historic drought that started in Syria in 2006
155
487436
5276
ื”ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ืขืงื‘ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืืงืœื™ื ืฉื”ื—ืœื” ื‘ืกื•ืจื™ื” ื‘-2006
08:12
destroyed 60 percent of the farms in Syria,
156
492736
2952
ื”ืฉืžื™ื“ื” 60% ืžื”ืžืฉืงื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืจื™ื”,
08:15
killed 80 percent of the livestock,
157
495712
2341
ื”ืจื’ื” 80% ืžื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืง
08:18
and drove 1.5 million climate refugees into the cities of Syria,
158
498077
4219
ื•ื“ื—ืคื” 1.5 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ ืืงืœื™ื ืœืขืจื™ ืกื•ืจื™ื”,
08:22
where they collided with another 1.5 million refugees
159
502320
3229
ื•ืฉื ื”ื ื ืชืงืœื• ื‘ืขื•ื“ 1.5 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื
08:25
from the Iraq War.
160
505573
2016
ืžืžืœื—ืžืช ืขื™ืจืง.
08:27
And along with other factors, that opened the gates of Hell
161
507985
4225
ืœืฆื“ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื, ื–ื” ืคืขืจ ืืช ืฉืขืจื™ ื”ื’ื™ื”ื™ื ื•ื
08:32
that people are trying to close now.
162
512234
3180
ืฉื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉืžื ืกื™ื ื›ืขืช ืœืกื’ื•ืจ.
08:35
The US Defense Department has long warned
163
515438
2414
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืฉืœ ืืจื”"ื‘ ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจ ื–ื” ืžื›ื‘ืจ
08:37
of consequences from the climate crisis,
164
517876
2298
ืžืคื ื™ ืชื•ืฆืื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืืงืœื™ื:
08:40
including refugees, food and water shortages
165
520198
4527
ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื, ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ืžื™ื
08:44
and pandemic disease.
166
524749
1880
ื•ืžื’ื™ืคื•ืช.
08:46
Right now we're seeing microbial diseases from the tropics spread
167
526653
4729
ื›ื™ื•ื ืื ื• ืขื“ื™ื ืœืžื—ืœื•ืช ื–ื™ื”ื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื˜ืจื•ืคื™ื™ื
08:51
to the higher latitudes;
168
531406
1260
ืืœ ืงื•ื•ื™ ื”ืจื•ื—ื‘ ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ;
08:52
the transportation revolution has had a lot to do with this.
169
532690
3618
ืžื”ืคื›ืช ื”ืชืขื‘ื•ืจื” ืชืจืžื” ืœื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื”.
08:56
But the changing conditions change the latitudes and the areas
170
536332
3665
ืื‘ืœ ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื”ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ืžืฉื ื™ื ืืช ืงื•ื•ื™ ื”ืจื•ื—ื‘ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื
ืฉื‘ื”ื ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื–ื™ื”ื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืืœื” ืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช
09:00
where these microbial diseases can become endemic
171
540021
3833
09:03
and change the range of the vectors, like mosquitoes and ticks that carry them.
172
543878
4739
ื•ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืงืฉืช ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื, ื›ืžื• ื™ืชื•ืฉื™ื ื•ืคืจืขื•ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ.
09:08
The Zika epidemic now --
173
548641
3468
ืžื’ื™ืคืช ื”ื–ื™ืงื” ื”ืขื›ืฉื•ื•ื™ืช --
09:12
we're better positioned in North America
174
552133
1917
ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ-ืืžืจื™ืงื”, ืื ื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
09:14
because it's still a little too cool and we have a better public health system.
175
554074
4690
ื›ื™ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืจ ืžื“ื™ ื•ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
09:18
But when women in some regions of South and Central America
176
558788
4300
ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ืช ื•ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช
09:23
are advised not to get pregnant for two years --
177
563112
2711
ืฉืœื ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื --
09:25
that's something new, that ought to get our attention.
178
565847
3273
ื–ื” ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขื•ืจืจ ืืช ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื™ื‘ื ื•.
09:29
The Lancet, one of the two greatest medical journals in the world,
179
569961
3148
ื”"ืœื ืกื˜", ืื—ื“ ืžืฉื ื™ ื›ืชื‘ื™ ื”ืขืช ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
09:33
last summer labeled this a medical emergency now.
180
573133
4230
ืงื‘ืข ื‘ืงื™ืฅ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘"ืžืฆื‘ ื—ื™ืจื•ื ืจืคื•ืื™".
09:37
And there are many factors because of it.
181
577387
2662
ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื›ืš ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช.
09:40
This is also connected to the extinction crisis.
182
580073
2797
ื–ื” ื’ื ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื”ื›ื—ื“ื”.
09:42
We're in danger of losing 50 percent of all the living species on earth
183
582894
3547
ืื ื• ืžืกืชื›ื ื™ื ื‘ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ 50% ืžื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ืขืœื™-ืื“ืžื•ืช
09:46
by the end of this century.
184
586465
1323
ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืžืื” ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช.
09:47
And already, land-based plants and animals
185
587812
2762
ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื›ืขืช, ืฆืžื—ื™ื ื•ื‘ืขืœื™-ื—ื™ื™ื ื™ื‘ืฉืชื™ื™ื
09:50
are now moving towards the poles
186
590598
1648
ืžื”ื’ืจื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืงื˜ื‘ื™ื
09:52
at an average rate of 15 feet per day.
187
592270
3383
ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืฉืœ 5 ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืœื™ื•ื.
09:56
Speaking of the North Pole,
188
596661
1310
ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืงื•ื˜ื‘ ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™,
09:57
last December 29, the same storm that caused historic flooding
189
597995
5270
ื‘-29 ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ, ืื•ืชื” ืกื•ืคื” ืฉื’ืจืžื” ืœืฉื˜ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™
10:03
in the American Midwest,
190
603289
1649
ื‘ืžืขืจื‘ ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™,
10:04
raised temperatures at the North Pole
191
604962
2183
ื”ืขืœืชื” ืืช ื”ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืงื•ื˜ื‘ ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™
10:07
50 degrees Fahrenheit warmer than normal,
192
607169
2630
ื‘-50 ืžืขืœื•ืช ืคืจื ื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืžืขืœ ืœื ื•ืจืžืœื™,
10:09
causing the thawing of the North Pole
193
609823
2438
ื•ื’ืจืžื” ืœื”ืคืฉืจื” ื‘ืงื•ื˜ื‘ ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™
10:12
in the middle of the long, dark, winter, polar night.
194
612285
4612
ื‘ืืžืฆืข ืœื™ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื”ืงื•ื˜ื‘ื™ ื”ืืจื•ืš ื•ื”ืืคืœ.
10:16
And when the land-based ice of the Arctic melts,
195
616921
3582
ื•ื›ืฉื”ืงืจื— ื”ื™ื‘ืฉืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ื’ ื”ืืจืงื˜ื™ ื ืžืก,
10:20
it raises sea level.
196
620527
1718
ื”ื•ื ืžืขืœื” ืืช ืžืคืœืก ืžื™ ื”ื™ื.
10:22
Paul Nicklen's beautiful photograph from Svalbard illustrates this.
197
622269
3745
ื”ืฆื™ืœื•ื ื”ื ืคืœื ืฉืœ ืคื•ืœ ื ื™ืงืœืŸ ืžืกื•ื•ืืœื‘ืจื“ ืžืžื—ื™ืฉ ื–ืืช.
10:26
It's more dangerous coming off Greenland
198
626474
1960
ื–ื” ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืฉื–ื” ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ื’ืจื™ื ืœื ื“
10:28
and particularly, Antarctica.
199
628458
2006
ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืื ื˜ืืจืงื˜ื™ืงื”.
10:30
The 10 largest risk cities for sea-level rise by population
200
630488
4690
10 ื”ืขืจื™ื ื”ืžืื•ื›ืœืกื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืžืฆื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืขืงื‘ ืขืœื™ื™ืช ื”ื™ื
10:35
are mostly in South and Southeast Asia.
201
635202
2739
ื”ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ื•ื“ืจื•ื-ืžื–ืจื— ืืกื™ื”.
10:37
When you measure it by assets at risk, number one is Miami:
202
637965
4109
ื›ืฉืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื›ืกื™ื, ื”ืฆื•ืขื“ืช ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ื™ื ืžื™ืืžื™:
10:42
three and a half trillion dollars at risk.
203
642098
2623
ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื•ื—ืฆื™ ื˜ืจื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ.
10:44
Number three: New York and Newark.
204
644745
1671
ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™: ื ื™ื•-ื™ื•ืจืง ื•ื ื™ื•ืืจืง.
10:46
I was in Miami last fall during the supermoon,
205
646440
3296
ื‘ืกืชื™ื• ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืžื™ืืžื™, ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื™ืจื—-ื”ืขืœ,
10:49
one of the highest high-tide days.
206
649760
3111
ืื—ื“ ืžื™ืžื™ ื”ื’ืื•ืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
10:52
And there were fish from the ocean swimming in some of the streets
207
652895
3132
ื“ื’ื™ื ืžื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ืฉื—ื• ืฉื ื‘ืื—ื“ื™ื ืžื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช
ืฉืœ ืžื™ืืžื™ ื‘ื™ืฅ', ืคื•ืจื˜ ืœื•ื“ืจื“ื™ื™ืœ
10:56
of Miami Beach and Fort Lauderdale
208
656051
2151
10:58
and Del Rey.
209
658226
1174
ื•ื“ืœ ืจื™ื™.
10:59
And this happens regularly during the highest-tide tides now.
210
659424
2974
ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื–ื• ืชื•ืคืขื” ืฉื’ืจืชื™ืช ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื ื—ืฉื•ืœื™ ื”ื’ืื•ืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”.
11:02
Not with rain -- they call it "sunny-day flooding."
211
662422
2615
ืœื ื‘ื’ืฉื -- ื”ื ืžื›ื ื™ื ื–ืืช "ืฉื˜ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉืžืฉ".
ื”ืžื™ื ื’ื•ืœืฉื™ื ื“ืจืš ืคืชื—ื™ ื ื™ืงื•ื– ืžื™ ื”ืกื•ืคื•ืช.
11:05
It comes up through the storm sewers.
212
665061
4551
11:09
And the Mayor of Miami speaks for many when he says
213
669636
4364
ื•ืจืืฉ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืžื™ืืžื™ ืžื‘ื˜ื ืจื—ืฉื™-ืœื‘ ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืžืจื•
ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืžื–ืžืŸ ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื›ืš ื‘ืจืื™ื™ื” ืžืคืœื’ืชื™ืช.
11:14
it is long past time this can be viewed through a partisan lens.
214
674024
4223
11:18
This is a crisis that's getting worse day by day.
215
678271
3136
ื–ื”ื• ืžืฉื‘ืจ ืฉืžื—ืžื™ืจ ืžื™ื“ื™ ื™ื•ื ื‘ื™ื•ืžื•.
11:21
We have to move beyond partisanship.
216
681431
2321
ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืชืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžืคืœื’ืชื™ื•ืช.
11:23
And I want to take a moment to honor these House Republicans --
217
683776
3262
ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ืจื’ืข ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืื•ืชื ืจืคื•ื‘ืœื™ืงื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจื™ื --
(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
11:27
(Applause)
218
687062
1054
11:28
who had the courage last fall
219
688140
2833
ืฉื’ื™ืœื• ืื•ืžืฅ ื‘ืกืชื™ื• ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ
11:30
to step out and take a political risk,
220
690997
4434
ื•ืขืฉื• ืžืขืฉื” ื•ื ื˜ืœื• ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™
11:35
by telling the truth about the climate crisis.
221
695455
2739
ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืืžืจื• ืืช ื”ืืžืช ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืืงืœื™ื.
11:38
So the cost of the climate crisis is mounting up,
222
698218
3157
ืื– ืžื—ื™ืจ ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืืงืœื™ื ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ืžืืžื™ืจ,
11:41
there are many of these aspects I haven't even mentioned.
223
701399
3668
ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ืฆื™ื™ื ืชื™.
11:45
It's an enormous burden.
224
705091
1973
ื–ืืช ืžืขืžืกื” ืขืฆื•ืžื”.
ืืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืจืง ืขื•ื“ ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ืื—ื“,
11:47
I'll mention just one more,
225
707088
1564
11:48
because the World Economic Forum last month in Davos,
226
708676
4727
ื›ื™ ื”ืคื•ืจื•ื ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ืฉื”ืชื›ื ืก ืœืคื ื™ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื‘ื“ืื‘ื•ืก,
11:53
after their annual survey of 750 economists,
227
713427
3017
ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืกืงืจ ื”ืฉื ืชื™ ืฉืœ 750 ื›ืœื›ืœื ื™ื,
11:56
said the climate crisis is now the number one risk
228
716468
2860
ืงื‘ืข ืฉืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืืงืœื™ื ื”ื•ื ื”ืกื›ื ื” ืžืก' 1
11:59
to the global economy.
229
719352
1829
ืœื›ืœื›ืœืช ื”ืขื•ืœื.
12:01
So you get central bankers
230
721205
1318
ื•ื‘ื ืงืื™ื ืจืืฉื™ื™ื,
12:02
like Mark Carney, the head of the UK Central Bank,
231
722547
2770
ื›ืžื• ืžืืจืง ืงืืจื ื™, ืจืืฉ ื”ื‘ื ืง ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™,
12:05
saying the vast majority of the carbon reserves are unburnable.
232
725341
4036
ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉ"ื”ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื›ืจื™ืข ืฉืœ ืžืื’ืจื™ ื”ืคื—ื ืื™ื ื ื‘ืขื™ืจื™ื".
12:09
Subprime carbon.
233
729401
1746
ืคื—ื "ืกืื‘-ืคืจื™ื™ื".
12:11
I'm not going to remind you what happened with subprime mortgages,
234
731171
3291
ืœื ืื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœื›ื ืžื” ืงืจื” ืขื ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ื”ืกืื‘-ืคืจื™ื™ื ืœืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช,
12:14
but it's the same thing.
235
734486
1602
ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ.
12:16
If you look at all of the carbon fuels that were burned
236
736112
2715
ืืœื” ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืœืงื™ื ื”ืคื—ืžื ื™ื™ื ืฉื ืฉืจืคื• ืžืื– ืจืืฉื™ืช ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™ืช.
12:18
since the beginning of the industrial revolution,
237
738851
2670
12:21
this is the quantity burned in the last 16 years.
238
741545
3516
ื–ื• ื”ื›ืžื•ืช ืฉื ืฉืจืคื” ื‘-16 ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช.
12:25
Here are all the ones that are proven and left on the books,
239
745085
3579
ื›ืœ ืืœื” ื”ื•ื‘ื˜ื—ื•, ื•ื ื•ืชืจื• ืขืœ ื”ื ื™ื™ืจ,
12:28
28 trillion dollars.
240
748688
1788
28 ื˜ืจื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ.
12:30
The International Energy Agency says only this amount can be burned.
241
750500
4209
ืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืงื•ื‘ืขืช ืฉืจืง ื”ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื–ืืช ืžื•ืชืจืช ืœืฉืจื™ืคื”,
12:34
So the rest, 22 trillion dollars --
242
754733
2889
ื•ื”ื™ืชืจ, 22 ื˜ืจื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ --
12:37
unburnable.
243
757646
1197
ืืกื•ืจื” ืœืฉืจื™ืคื”.
12:39
Risk to the global economy.
244
759303
2233
ืžืกื•ื›ื ืช ืœื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช.
12:41
That's why divestment movement makes practical sense
245
761560
3037
ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื”ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ืžืขืฉื™ ื‘ืชื ื•ืขื” ื ื’ื“ ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช
12:44
and is not just a moral imperative.
246
764621
2580
ื•ื–ื”ื• ืœื ืจืง ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ืžื•ืกืจื™.
12:47
So the answer to the first question, "Must we change?"
247
767225
4170
ืื– ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืฉืืœื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, "ื”ืื ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื•?"
12:51
is yes, we have to change.
248
771419
1924
ื”ื™ื ื›ืŸ, ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช.
12:53
Second question, "Can we change?"
249
773367
1752
ืฉืืœื” ืฉื ื™ื”: "ื”ืื ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช?"
12:55
This is the exciting news!
250
775143
2321
ื•ื›ืืŸ, ื”ื‘ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืจื’ืฉื•ืช!
12:57
The best projections in the world 16 years ago
251
777488
3505
ืœืคื™ ืžื™ื˜ื‘ ื”ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืœืคื ื™ 16 ืฉื ื”,
ืขื“ 2010 ื”ืขื•ืœื ื™ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ืชืงื™ืŸ
13:01
were that by 2010, the world would be able to install
252
781017
4031
13:05
30 gigawatts of wind capacity.
253
785072
2167
ืžืชืงื ื™ ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ืช ืจื•ื— ื‘ืขืจืš ืฉืœ 30 ื’'ื™ื’ื”-ื•ืื˜.
13:07
We beat that mark by 14 and a half times over.
254
787263
4991
ื”ืฉื’ื ื• ืืช ื”ื™ืขื“ ื”ื–ื” ืคื™ 14 ื•ื—ืฆื™.
13:12
We see an exponential curve for wind installations now.
255
792278
3784
ื”ื™ื•ื ืื ื• ืขื“ื™ื ืœืขืงื•ืžื” ืžืขืจื™ื›ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชืงื ื•ืช ืจื•ื—.
13:16
We see the cost coming down dramatically.
256
796086
3575
ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืจื“ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ืจืžื˜ื™.
13:19
Some countries -- take Germany, an industrial powerhouse
257
799685
3250
ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช -- ืœืžืฉืœ ื’ืจืžื ื™ื”, ืชื—ื ืช-ื›ื•ื— ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™ืช,
13:22
with a climate not that different from Vancouver's, by the way --
258
802959
3368
ืขื ืืงืœื™ื ืœื ืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืžื–ื” ืฉืœ ื•ื ืงื•ื‘ืจ, ืื’ื‘ --
13:26
one day last December,
259
806351
1635
ื‘ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ
ื”ื™ื ืงื™ื‘ืœื” 81% ืžื›ืœ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉืœื” ืžืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืžืชื—ื“ืฉื™ื,
13:28
got 81 percent of all its energy from renewable resources,
260
808010
3438
13:31
mainly solar and wind.
261
811472
1633
ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžืžืชืงื ื™ ืฉืžืฉ ื•ืจื•ื—.
13:33
A lot of countries are getting more than half on an average basis.
262
813129
3301
ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืงื‘ืœื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื—ืฆื™ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืžื•ืฆืข.
13:36
More good news:
263
816454
1158
ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช:
13:37
energy storage, from batteries particularly,
264
817636
3023
ืื—ืกื•ืŸ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื”, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืžืกื•ืœืœื•ืช,
13:40
is now beginning to take off
265
820683
1594
ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื›ืขืช ืœืฆื‘ื•ืจ ืชื ื•ืคื”
13:42
because the cost has been coming down very dramatically
266
822301
3793
ื›ื™ ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ื™ืจื“ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ ืžืื“
13:46
to solve the intermittency problem.
267
826118
1773
ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ื—ืœืคืช ื”ืกื•ืœืœื•ืช.
13:47
With solar, the news is even more exciting!
268
827915
2511
ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืกื•ืœืจื™, ื”ื‘ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืจื’ืฉื•ืช!
13:50
The best projections 14 years ago were that we would install
269
830450
3349
ืžื™ื˜ื‘ ื”ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ 14 ืฉื ื” ืืžืจื• ืฉื ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ืชืงื™ืŸ
13:53
one gigawatt per year by 2010.
270
833823
2547
ื’'ื™ื’ื”-ื•ืื˜ ืื—ื“ ืœืฉื ื” ืขื“ 2010.
13:56
When 2010 came around, we beat that mark by 17 times over.
271
836394
4620
ื›ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื” 2010, ื”ืฉื’ื ื• ื™ืขื“ ื–ื” ืคื™ 17.
ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื” ื”ืฉื’ื ื• ืื•ืชื• ืคื™ 58.
14:01
Last year, we beat it by 58 times over.
272
841038
3585
14:04
This year, we're on track to beat it 68 times over.
273
844647
3240
ื”ืฉื ื” ืื ื• ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืคื™ 68.
14:07
We're going to win this.
274
847911
1190
ืื ื• ื ื ืฆื— ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื”ื–ื”.
14:09
We are going to prevail.
275
849125
1734
ืื ื• ื ื’ื‘ื•ืจ.
14:10
The exponential curve on solar is even steeper and more dramatic.
276
850883
4083
ื”ืขืงื•ืžื” ื”ืžืขืจื™ื›ื™ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืกื•ืœืจื™ ื”ื™ื ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืชืœื•ืœื” ื•ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ืช.
14:14
When I came to this stage 10 years ago,
277
854990
1929
ื›ืฉืขืœื™ืชื™ ืœื‘ืžื” ื”ื–ืืช ืœืคื ื™ 10 ืฉื ื™ื,
14:16
this is where it was.
278
856943
1395
ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ื›ืืŸ.
14:18
We have seen a revolutionary breakthrough
279
858894
3554
ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืขื“ื™ื ืœืคืจื™ืฆืช-ื“ืจืš ืžื”ืคื›ื ื™ืช
14:22
in the emergence of these exponential curves.
280
862472
3189
ื‘ืฆืžื™ื—ืช ื”ืขืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื™ื›ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”.
14:25
(Applause)
281
865685
3224
(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
14:28
And the cost has come down 10 percent per year
282
868933
3497
ื•ื”ืขืœื•ืช ื™ืจื“ื” ื‘-10% ืœืฉื ื”
14:32
for 30 years.
283
872454
1299
ื‘ืžืฉืš 30 ืฉื ื”.
14:33
And it's continuing to come down.
284
873777
2298
ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœืจื“ืช.
ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืงื”ื™ืœืช ื”ืขืกืงื™ื ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื‘ื›ืš,
14:36
Now, the business community has certainly noticed this,
285
876099
2646
14:38
because it's crossing the grid parity point.
286
878769
2809
ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืืช ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ื—ืฆื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉืช.
14:41
Cheaper solar penetration rates are beginning to rise.
287
881602
3252
ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ื—ื“ื™ืจื” ื”ื–ื•ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื”ืกื•ืœืจื™ืช ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืขืœื•ืช.
14:44
Grid parity is understood as that line, that threshold,
288
884878
3516
"ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ื—ืฆื™" ื”ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื’ื‘ื•ืœ, ืื•ืชื• ืกืฃ,
14:48
below which renewable electricity is cheaper than electricity
289
888418
3874
ืฉืžืชื—ืชื™ื• ื—ืฉืžืœ ืžืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืžืชื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื–ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื—ืฉืžืœ
14:52
from burning fossil fuels.
290
892316
2218
ืฉืžืงื•ืจื• ื‘ืฉืจื™ืคืช ื“ืœืงื™ ืžืื•ื‘ื ื™ื.
14:54
That threshold is a little bit like the difference
291
894558
2693
ื”ืกืฃ ื”ื–ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืžืขื˜ ืœื”ื‘ื“ืœ
14:57
between 32 degrees Fahrenheit and 33 degrees Fahrenheit,
292
897275
4110
ื‘ื™ืŸ 32 ืžืขืœื•ืช ืœ-33 ืžืขืœื•ืช ืคืจื ื”ื™ื™ื˜,
15:01
or zero and one Celsius.
293
901409
1586
ืื• ื‘ื™ืŸ 0 ื•-1 ืžืขืœื•ืช ืฆืœื–ื™ื•ืก.
ื–ื”ื• ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžืขืœื” ืื—ืช,
15:03
It's a difference of more than one degree,
294
903019
2024
15:05
it's the difference between ice and water.
295
905067
2701
ื–ื”ื• ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงืจื— ืœืžื™ื.
15:07
And it's the difference between markets that are frozen up,
296
907792
3944
ื•ื–ื”ื• ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ืงืคื•ืื™ื
15:11
and liquid flows of capital into new opportunities for investment.
297
911760
4532
ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื–ืจื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช.
15:16
This is the biggest new business opportunity
298
916316
3605
ื–ืืช ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ื”ืขืกืงื™ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ื•ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
15:19
in the history of the world,
299
919945
1532
ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื™ืžื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
15:21
and two-thirds of it is in the private sector.
300
921501
3148
ื•ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ื ืžืžื ื” ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™.
15:24
We are seeing an explosion of new investment.
301
924673
3436
ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืคืจื™ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช.
15:28
Starting in 2010, investments globally in renewable electricity generation
302
928133
5568
ื”ื—ืœ ืž-2010, ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืคืงืช ื—ืฉืžืœ ืžืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืžืชื—ื“ืฉื™ื
15:33
surpassed fossils.
303
933725
1533
ืขื‘ืจื• ืืช ืจืžืช ื“ืœืงื™ ื”ืžืื•ื‘ื ื™ื,
15:35
The gap has been growing ever since.
304
935282
2416
ื•ืžืื– ื”ืคืขืจ ืจืง ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ื’ื“ืœ.
15:37
The projections for the future are even more dramatic,
305
937722
2948
ื”ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ืœืขืชื™ื“ ื”ืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ื•ืช,
15:40
even though fossil energy is now still subsidized
306
940694
3599
ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืื ืจื’ื™ื™ืช ื“ืœืงื™ ื”ืžืื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืกื•ื‘ืกื“ืช
15:44
at a rate 40 times larger than renewables.
307
944317
3227
ืคื™ 40 ืžืืฉืจ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืžืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืžืชื—ื“ืฉื™ื.
15:47
And by the way, if you add the projections for nuclear on here,
308
947568
4090
ื•ื“ืจืš ืื’ื‘, ืื ืชื•ืกื™ืคื• ืœื›ืืŸ ืืช ื”ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื›ื•ื— ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™,
15:51
particularly if you assume that the work many are doing
309
951682
2621
ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืื ืชืงื—ื• ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืจื‘ื™ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื
15:54
to try to break through to safer and more acceptable,
310
954327
2714
ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืจื•ืฅ ื ืชื™ื‘ ืœืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื•ืช, ืžื•ืกื›ืžื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ
ื•ื–ื•ืœื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื— ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™,
15:57
more affordable forms of nuclear,
311
957065
1839
15:58
this could change even more dramatically.
312
958928
2443
ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ื•ืœืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื“ืจืžื˜ื™.
16:01
So is there any precedent for such a rapid adoption
313
961934
2956
ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืชืงื“ื™ื ืœืื™ืžื•ืฅ ืžื”ื™ืจ ื›ื–ื”
16:04
of a new technology?
314
964914
1729
ืฉืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื”?
16:06
Well, there are many, but let's look at cell phones.
315
966667
2460
ื›ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืชืงื“ื™ืžื™ื. ืจืื• ืืช ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื”ื ื™ื™ื“.
16:09
In 1980, AT&T, then Ma Bell,
316
969151
3373
ื‘-1980, ืื™ื™-ื˜ื™-ืื ื“-ื˜ื™, ืฉื ืงืจืื” ืื– "ืžื-ื‘ืœ",
16:12
commissioned McKinsey to do a global market survey
317
972548
2393
ื”ื–ืžื™ื ื” ืžื—ื‘ืจืช "ืžืงื™ื ื–ื™" ืœืขืจื•ืš ืกืงืจ ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™
16:14
of those clunky new mobile phones that appeared then.
318
974965
3616
ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ื”ื ื™ื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืžื’ื•ืฉืžื™ื ืฉื”ื—ืœื• ืื– ืœื”ื•ืคื™ืข.
16:18
"How many can we sell by the year 2000?" they asked.
319
978605
3163
"ื›ืžื” ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืขื“ ืฉื ืช 2000?, ื”ื ืจืฆื• ืœื“ืขืช.
16:21
McKinsey came back and said, "900,000."
320
981792
2568
"ืžืงื™ื ื–ื™" ื—ื–ืจื” ืืœื™ื”ื ืขื ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”: "900,000".
16:24
And sure enough, when the year 2000 arrived,
321
984384
2072
ื•ืืžื ื, ืขื“ ืฉื ืช 2000,
16:26
they did sell 900,000 -- in the first three days.
322
986480
2578
ื”ื ื‘ืืžืช ืžื›ืจื• 900,000 -- ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื.
16:29
And for the balance of the year, they sold 120 times more.
323
989082
3912
ื•ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ื ืžื›ืจื• ืคื™ 120 ื™ื•ืชืจ.
16:33
And now there are more cell connections than there are people in the world.
324
993018
4376
ื•ื›ืขืช ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื ื™ื™ื“ื™ื ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื.
16:37
So, why were they not only wrong, but way wrong?
325
997418
4469
ืื– ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ื ืœื ืจืง ื˜ื•ืขื™ื ืืœื ื˜ื•ืขื™ื ืžืื“?
16:41
I've asked that question myself, "Why?"
326
1001911
2400
ืฉืืœื™ืช ื‘ืขืฆืžื™ ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื–ืืช: "ืžื“ื•ืข?"
16:44
(Laughter)
327
1004335
1003
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
16:45
And I think the answer is in three parts.
328
1005362
2233
ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืžืชื—ืœืงืช ืœ-3 ื—ืœืงื™ื.
16:48
First, the cost came down much faster than anybody expected,
329
1008122
3389
ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ื™ืจื“ ืžื”ืจ ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื›ืคื™ ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฆื™ืคื”,
16:51
even as the quality went up.
330
1011535
2507
ื’ื ื›ืฉื”ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืขืœืชื”.
ื•ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืขื•ื˜ื•ืช-ื”ื›ื ืกื”, ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืœืœื ืจืฉืช ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื” ื™ื‘ืฉืชื™ืช --
16:54
And low-income countries, places that did not have a landline grid --
331
1014066
4272
16:58
they leap-frogged to the new technology.
332
1018362
2228
ื“ื™ืœื’ื• ืืœ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”.
17:00
The big expansion has been in the developing counties.
333
1020614
3064
ื”ื”ืชืจื—ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืื™ืจืขื” ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ืžืชืคืชื—ื•ืช.
17:03
So what about the electricity grids in the developing world?
334
1023702
3748
ื•ืžื” ืขื ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืชืคืชื—?
17:07
Well, not so hot.
335
1027474
1730
ืœื ื”ื›ื™ ืžื•ืฆืœื—,
17:09
And in many areas, they don't exist.
336
1029228
2298
ื•ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ื ืœื ืงื™ื™ืžืช.
17:11
There are more people without any electricity at all in India
337
1031550
3146
ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื• ื‘ืœื™ ื—ืฉืžืœ ื›ืœืœ,
17:14
than the entire population of the United States of America.
338
1034720
3122
ืžืืฉืจ ื›ืœ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืฉืœ ืืžืจื™ืงื”.
17:17
So now we're getting this:
339
1037866
1504
ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”:
17:19
solar panels on grass huts
340
1039394
1838
ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ืกื•ืœืจื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ืงืชื•ืช ืขืฉื‘
17:21
and new business models that make it affordable.
341
1041256
2938
ื•ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืขืกืงื™ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ื–ืืช.
17:24
Muhammad Yunus financed this one in Bangladesh with micro-credit.
342
1044218
4885
ืžื•ื—ืžื“ ื™ื•ื ืืก ืžื™ืžืŸ ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ื‘ื ื’ืœื“ืฉ ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืžื™ืงืจื•-ืืฉืจืื™.
17:29
This is a village market.
343
1049127
1708
ื–ื”ื• ืฉื•ืง ื›ืคืจื™.
17:30
Bangladesh is now the fastest-deploying country in the world:
344
1050859
2890
ื‘ื ื’ืœื“ืฉ ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืคื•ืจืฉืช ื”ื›ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื:
17:33
two systems per minute on average, night and day.
345
1053773
2412
ืฉืชื™ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืงื” ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข, ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื.
ื•ื™ืฉ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื ื—ื•ืฅ:
17:36
And we have all we need:
346
1056209
1189
17:37
enough energy from the Sun comes to the earth
347
1057422
2292
ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ืฉืžืฉ ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื” ืœื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืขื”
17:39
every hour to supply the full world's energy needs for an entire year.
348
1059738
5363
ืžืกืคื™ืงื” ืœื›ืœ ืฆืจื›ื™ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืฉื ื” ืฉืœืžื”.
17:45
It's actually a little bit less than an hour.
349
1065125
2173
ื‘ืขืฆื, ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืงืฆืช ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืฉืขื”.
17:47
So the answer to the second question, "Can we change?"
350
1067322
3332
ืื– ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืฉืืœื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื”, "ื”ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช?"
17:50
is clearly "Yes."
351
1070678
1923
ื”ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ "ื›ืŸ".
17:52
And it's an ever-firmer "yes."
352
1072625
2772
ื•ื–ื”ื• "ื›ืŸ" ืชืงื™ืฃ ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
17:55
Last question, "Will we change?"
353
1075421
2608
ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”: "ื”ืื ื ืฉื ื” ืืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื•?"
ื•ืขื™ื“ืช ืคืจื™ื– ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืคืจื™ืฆืช ื“ืจืš,
17:58
Paris really was a breakthrough,
354
1078053
1992
ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืชื ืื™ื ื”ื ืื›ืŸ ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื
18:00
some of the provisions are binding
355
1080069
1663
18:01
and the regular reviews will matter a lot.
356
1081756
2038
ื•ืœื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืกื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืชื”ื™ื” ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืจื‘ื”.
18:03
But nations aren't waiting, they're going ahead.
357
1083818
2251
ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืœื ืžื—ื›ื•ืช. ื”ืŸ ืžืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืœืื”.
18:06
China has already announced that starting next year,
358
1086093
2515
ืกื™ืŸ ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ืจื™ื–ื” ืฉื”ื—ืœ ืžื”ืฉื ื” ื”ื‘ืื”
18:08
they're adopting a nationwide cap and trade system.
359
1088632
2983
ื”ื™ื ืชืืžืฅ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืืจืฆื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื‘ืœื™ื ื•ืžื™ืกื•ื™.
18:11
They will likely link up with the European Union.
360
1091639
3143
ื”ื ื›ื ืจืื” ื™ืขืฉื• ื™ื“ ืื—ืช ืขื ื”ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™.
18:14
The United States has already been changing.
361
1094806
2492
ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ืœื” ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช.
18:17
All of these coal plants were proposed
362
1097322
2050
ื›ืœ ืžืคืขืœื™ ื”ืคื—ื ื”ืืœื” ื”ื•ืฆืขื•
18:19
in the next 10 years and canceled.
363
1099396
2530
ืœ-10 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื•ืช, ื•ื‘ื•ื˜ืœื•.
18:21
All of these existing coal plants were retired.
364
1101950
2919
ื›ืœ ืžืคืขืœื™ ื”ืคื—ื ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื ืกื’ืจื•.
18:24
All of these coal plants have had their retirement announced.
365
1104893
3017
ื›ืœ ืžืคืขืœื™ ื”ืคื—ื ื”ืืœื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื• ืขืœ ืกื’ื™ืจื”.
18:27
All of them -- canceled.
366
1107934
2328
ื›ืœ ืืœื” ื‘ื•ื˜ืœื•.
18:30
We are moving forward.
367
1110286
1490
ืื ื• ื ืขื™ื ืงื“ื™ืžื”.
18:31
Last year -- if you look at all of the investment
368
1111800
2468
ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื” -- ืื ืชื‘ื™ื˜ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื”ื–ืืช
18:34
in new electricity generation in the United States,
369
1114292
2943
ื‘ื”ืคืงืช ื—ืฉืžืœ ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘,
18:37
almost three-quarters was from renewable energy,
370
1117259
2666
ื›ืžืขื˜ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืจื‘ืขื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืžืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืžืชื—ื“ืฉื™ื,
18:39
mostly wind and solar.
371
1119949
2512
ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืจื•ื— ื•ืฉืžืฉ.
18:42
We are solving this crisis.
372
1122485
3147
ืื ื• ืคื•ืชืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื”.
18:45
The only question is: how long will it take to get there?
373
1125656
4899
ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื”ื™ื: ื›ืžื” ื–ืžืŸ ื™ื™ื“ืจืฉ ืœื ื• ืœืฉื ื›ืš?
18:50
So, it matters that a lot of people are organizing
374
1130579
4617
ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืชืืจื’ื ื•
18:55
to insist on this change.
375
1135220
2138
ื•ื™ืชืขืงืฉื• ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื–ื”.
18:57
Almost 400,000 people marched in New York City
376
1137382
3784
ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœ-400,000 ืื™ืฉ ืฆืขื“ื• ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ื ื™ื•-ื™ื•ืจืง
19:01
before the UN special session on this.
377
1141190
2847
ืœืงืจืืช ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื”ืื•"ื ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื”.
ืืœืคื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืืœืคื™ื,
19:04
Many thousands, tens of thousands,
378
1144061
2004
ืฆืขื“ื• ื‘ืขืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
19:06
marched in cities around the world.
379
1146089
2873
19:08
And so, I am extremely optimistic.
380
1148986
4143
ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื™ ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
19:13
As I said before, we are going to win this.
381
1153153
2555
ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจืชื™ ืงื•ื“ื, ืื ื• ื ื ืฆื— ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื” ื”ื–ืืช.
19:15
I'll finish with this story.
382
1155732
1967
ืืกื™ื™ื ืขื ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื.
19:18
When I was 13 years old,
383
1158218
2592
ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืŸ 13,
19:20
I heard that proposal by President Kennedy
384
1160834
3431
ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืžืคื™ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืงื ื“ื™ ืืช ื”ื”ืฆืขื”,
19:24
to land a person on the Moon and bring him back safely
385
1164289
2551
ืœื”ื ื—ื™ืช ืื“ื ืขืœ ื”ื™ืจื— ื•ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจื• ื”ื‘ื™ืชื” ื‘ื‘ื˜ื—ื”
19:26
in 10 years.
386
1166864
1165
ืชื•ืš 10 ืฉื ื™ื.
ื•ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืื– ืื•ืžืจื™ื:
19:28
And I heard adults of that day and time say,
387
1168053
2984
"ื–ื” ืคื–ื™ื–, ื™ืงืจ ื•ืขืœื•ืœ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืœื”ื™ื›ืฉืœ."
19:31
"That's reckless, expensive, may well fail."
388
1171061
3517
19:34
But eight years and two months later,
389
1174602
2177
ืื‘ืœ ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ 8 ืฉื ื™ื ื•ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื™ื,
19:36
in the moment that Neil Armstrong set foot on the Moon,
390
1176803
3262
ื‘ืจื’ืข ื‘ื• ื ื™ืœ ืืจืžืกื˜ืจื•ื ื’ ื“ืจืš ืขืœ ื”ื™ืจื—,
19:40
there was great cheer that went up in NASA's mission control in Houston.
391
1180089
4590
ื‘ืงืขื” ืชืจื•ืขื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื ืืก"ื, ื‘ื™ื•ืกื˜ื•ืŸ.
19:44
Here's a little-known fact about that:
392
1184703
2460
ื”ื ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื™ื“ื•ืขื” ืœืžืขื˜ื™ื ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœื›ืš:
19:47
the average age of the systems engineers,
393
1187187
2205
ื”ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืฉืœ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช,
19:49
the controllers in the room that day, was 26,
394
1189416
3176
ืื ืฉื™ ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ื‘ืื•ืœื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื, ื”ื™ื” 26,
19:52
which means, among other things,
395
1192616
1559
ื•ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ,
19:54
their age, when they heard that challenge, was 18.
396
1194199
3250
ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืฉืžืขื• ืขืœ ืื•ืชื• ืืชื’ืจ, ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื ื™ 18.
19:57
We now have a moral challenge
397
1197473
3202
ื”ื™ื•ื ื ื™ืฆื‘ ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื• ืืชื’ืจ ืžื•ืกืจื™,
20:00
that is in the tradition of others that we have faced.
398
1200699
3530
ื‘ืžืกื•ืจืช ืืชื’ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืขืžื“ื• ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื•.
20:04
One of the greatest poets of the last century in the US,
399
1204253
3654
ืื—ื“ ื”ืžืฉื•ืจืจื™ื ื”ื“ื’ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”-20 ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘,
20:07
Wallace Stevens,
400
1207931
1349
ื•ื•ืืœืก ืกื˜ื™ื‘ื ืก,
20:09
wrote a line that has stayed with me:
401
1209304
1818
ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื•ืจื” ืฉื ื—ืจืชื” ื‘ื“ืขืชื™:
20:11
"After the final 'no,' there comes a 'yes,'
402
1211146
2483
"ืื—ืจื™ ื”'ืœื' ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืžื’ื™ืข ื”'ื›ืŸ'.
20:13
and on that 'yes', the future world depends."
403
1213653
2981
"ื•ื‘'ื›ืŸ' ื”ื–ื” ืชืœื•ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“."
20:16
When the abolitionists started their movement,
404
1216658
2285
ื›ืฉืžืชื ื’ื“ื™ ื”ืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ื™ื™ืกื“ื• ืืช ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ืฉืœื”ื,
20:18
they met with no after no after no.
405
1218967
2207
ื”ื ื ืชืงืœื• ื‘"ืœื" ืื—ืจื™ "ืœื" ืื—ืจื™ "ืœื".
20:21
And then came a yes.
406
1221198
1276
ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”"ื›ืŸ".
20:22
The Women's Suffrage and Women's Rights Movement
407
1222498
2389
ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ื”ืกื•ืคืจื’'ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช, ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ืœืžืขืŸ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื
20:24
met endless no's, until finally, there was a yes.
408
1224911
3595
ื ืชืงืœื” ื‘ืื™ื ืกืคื•ืจ ืœืื•ื•ื™ื, ืขื“ ืฉืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื ืฉืžืข "ื›ืŸ".
20:28
The Civil Rights Movement, the movement against apartheid,
409
1228530
2771
ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ืœื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคืจื˜, ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ื ื’ื“ ืืคืจื˜ื”ื™ื™ื“,
20:31
and more recently, the movement for gay and lesbian rights
410
1231325
3591
ื•ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ, ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ืœืžืขืŸ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืœื”ื˜"ื‘
20:34
here in the United States and elsewhere.
411
1234940
2405
ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื™ื,
20:37
After the final "no" comes a "yes."
412
1237369
2176
ืื—ืจื™ ื”"ืœื" ื”ืกื•ืคื™ ืžื’ื™ืข "ื›ืŸ".
20:39
When any great moral challenge is ultimately resolved
413
1239569
5133
ื›ืฉืืชื’ืจ ืžื•ืกืจื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืชื’ืœื” ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ
20:44
into a binary choice between what is right and what is wrong,
414
1244726
3855
ื›ื‘ืจื™ืจื” ื‘ื™ื ืืจื™ืช, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ืฉื ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ืžื” ืฉืœื,
20:48
the outcome is fore-ordained because of who we are as human beings.
415
1248605
4129
ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ืžืจืืฉ, ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืžื™ ืฉืื ื• ื›ื‘ื ื™-ืื“ื.
20:52
Ninety-nine percent of us, that is where we are now
416
1252758
3853
99% ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื–ื”
20:56
and it is why we're going to win this.
417
1256635
2492
ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื ื ืฆื—.
20:59
We have everything we need.
418
1259151
1938
ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื“ืจื•ืฉ.
21:01
Some still doubt that we have the will to act,
419
1261113
3415
ื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉืขื•ื“ ืžืคืงืคืงื™ื ื‘ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ืœืคืขื•ืœ,
21:04
but I say the will to act is itself a renewable resource.
420
1264552
4690
ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืฉื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ืžืงื•ืจ ืžืชื—ื“ืฉ.
21:09
Thank you very much.
421
1269266
1207
ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื.
21:10
(Applause)
422
1270497
3471
(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืชื•ื“ื”!
ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื.
ืชื•ื“ื”.
ืชื•ื“ื”.
ืชื•ื“ื”.
21:47
Chris Anderson: You've got this incredible combination of skills.
423
1307319
3183
ื›ืจื™ืก ืื ื“ืจืกื•ืŸ: ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืชืขืจื•ื‘ืช ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื.
21:50
You've got this scientist mind that can understand
424
1310526
2961
ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืžื•ื— ืฉืœ ืžื“ืขืŸ ืฉืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ
21:53
the full range of issues,
425
1313511
2301
ืืช ืžืœื•ื ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช,
21:55
and the ability to turn it into the most vivid language.
426
1315836
3652
ื•ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืคื•ืš ื–ืืช ืœืฉืคื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
21:59
No one else can do that, that's why you led this thing.
427
1319512
2883
ืื™ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ืžื™ ืฉืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื›ืš, ื•ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืคืชื—ืช ืืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื–ื”.
22:02
It was amazing to see it 10 years ago, it was amazing to see it now.
428
1322419
3411
ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื”ื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ื–ืืช ืœืคื ื™ 10 ืฉื ื™ื, ื•ืžื“ื”ื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ื–ืืช ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
22:05
Al Gore: Well, you're nice to say that, Chris.
429
1325854
2175
ืืœ ื’ื•ืจ: ื–ื” ืื“ื™ื‘ ืžืฆื™ื“ืš, ื›ืจื™ืก.
ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื›ื ื•ืช, ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืžืื“
22:08
But honestly, I have a lot of really good friends
430
1328053
3161
22:11
in the scientific community who are incredibly patient
431
1331238
3719
ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ืžื“ืขื™ืช, ืขื ืกื‘ืœื ื•ืช ืžื•ืคืœืื”
22:14
and who will sit there and explain this stuff to me
432
1334981
2771
ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœืฉื‘ืช ื•ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื™ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ื–ื”
22:17
over and over and over again
433
1337776
1334
ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘
22:19
until I can get it into simple enough language
434
1339134
3596
ืขื“ ืฉื”ืฆืœื—ืชื™ ืœื ืกื— ื–ืืช ื‘ืฉืคื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ืžืกืคื™ืง
22:22
that I can understand it.
435
1342754
1212
ืฉืื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืฆืžื™.
22:23
And that's the key to trying to communicate.
436
1343990
2928
ื•ื–ื”ื• ื”ืžืคืชื— ื›ืฉืžื ืกื™ื ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ.
22:27
CA: So, your talk. First part: terrifying,
437
1347497
3685
ื›"ื: ื”ื”ืจืฆืื” ืฉืœืš. ื—ืœืง ืจืืฉื•ืŸ - ืžืคื—ื™ื“,
22:31
second part: incredibly hopeful.
438
1351206
1937
ื—ืœืง ืฉื ื™ - ืžืœื ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืœื”ืคืœื™ื.
22:33
How do we know that all those graphs, all that progress, is enough
439
1353810
5301
ืื™ืš ื ื“ืข ืื ื›ืœ ื”ื’ืจืคื™ื, ื›ืœ ื”ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื”ื–ืืช, ืžืกืคื™ืงื”
22:39
to solve what you showed in the first part?
440
1359135
2728
ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ืจืื™ืช ื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ?
22:41
AG: I think that the crossing --
441
1361887
3528
ื"ื’: ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื—ืฆื™ื” --
22:45
you know, I've only been in the business world for 15 years.
442
1365439
3013
ืื ื™ ื”ืจื™ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืขืกืงื™ื ืจืง 15 ืฉื ื”.
22:48
But one of the things I've learned is that apparently it matters
443
1368476
3278
ืื‘ืœ ืื—ื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœืžื“ืชื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจืื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘
22:51
if a new product or service is more expensive
444
1371778
3164
ืื ืžื•ืฆืจ ืื• ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ื ื™ืงืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ
22:54
than the incumbent, or cheaper than.
445
1374966
2154
ืžื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื•ื›ึผืจ ืื• ื–ื•ืœื™ื ืžืžื ื•.
22:57
Turns out, it makes a difference if it's cheaper than.
446
1377144
2555
ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื–ื” ืžืฉื ื” ื›ืฉื–ื” ื–ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
22:59
(Laughter)
447
1379723
1095
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
23:00
And when it crosses that line,
448
1380842
2694
ื•ื›ืฉื–ื” ื—ื•ืฆื” ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื”ื–ื”,
23:03
then a lot of things really change.
449
1383560
1896
ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
23:05
We are regularly surprised by these developments.
450
1385480
2945
ืื ื• ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืžื•ืคืชืขื™ื ืžื”ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”.
23:08
The late Rudi Dornbusch, the great economist said,
451
1388449
2547
ืจื•ื“ื™ ื“ื•ืจื ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืžื ื•ื—, ื”ื›ืœื›ืœืŸ ื”ื“ื’ื•ืœ, ืืžืจ:
"ืขื“ ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืงื•ืจื™ื, ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ืžืฉื—ืฉื‘ืช,
23:11
"Things take longer to happen then you think they will,
452
1391020
2796
23:13
and then they happen much faster than you thought they could."
453
1393840
2958
"ื•ืื– ื”ื ืงื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืจ ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื›ืคื™ ืฉื—ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืงืจื•ืช."
23:16
I really think that's where we are.
454
1396822
1698
ืื ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื ื• ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ื–ืืช.
23:18
Some people are using the phrase "The Solar Singularity" now,
455
1398544
3677
ื™ืฉ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื›ืขืช ื‘ืžื•ื ื— "ืกื™ื ื’ื•ืœืจื™ื•ืช ืกื•ืœืจื™ืช",
23:22
meaning when it gets below the grid parity,
456
1402245
3293
ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉื›ืฉื–ื” ื™ื™ืจื“ ืžืชื—ืช ืœ"ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ื—ืฆื™",
23:25
unsubsidized in most places,
457
1405562
2048
ืœืœื ืกื‘ืกื•ื“, ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช,
23:27
then it's the default choice.
458
1407634
1642
ื–ื” ื™ื”ืคื•ืš ืœื‘ืจื™ืจืช ื”ืžื—ื“ืœ.
23:29
Now, in one of the presentations yesterday, the jitney thing,
459
1409300
5990
ื‘ืื—ืช ื”ืžืฆื’ื•ืช ืžืืชืžื•ืœ, ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื–ื ื”ื’'ื™ื˜ื ื™,
23:35
there is an effort to use regulations to slow this down.
460
1415314
5107
ื™ืฉ ืžืืžืฅ ืœืขื›ื‘ ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื—ืงื™ืงื”.
23:40
And I just don't think it's going to work.
461
1420445
3139
ื•ืœื ื ืจืื” ืœื™ ืฉื–ื” ื™ืฆืœื™ื—.
23:44
There's a woman in Atlanta, Debbie Dooley,
462
1424608
2396
ื™ืฉ ืื™ืฉื” ืื—ืช ื‘ืื˜ืœื ื˜ื”, ื“ื‘ื™ ื“ื•ืœื™,
ื™ื•ืฉื‘ืช ื”ืจืืฉ ืฉืœ ืชื ื•ืขืช "ืžืกื™ื‘ืช ื”ืชื” ืฉืœ ืื˜ืœื ื˜ื”".
23:47
who's the Chairman of the Atlanta Tea Party.
463
1427028
2081
23:49
They enlisted her in this effort to put a tax
464
1429133
2177
ื”ื ื’ื™ื™ืกื• ืื•ืชื” ืœืžืืžืฅ ื”ื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื˜ื™ืœ ืžืก
23:51
on solar panels and regulations.
465
1431334
2123
ืขืœ ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ืกื•ืœืจื™ื™ื ื•ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืชืงื ื•ืช.
23:53
And she had just put solar panels on her roof
466
1433481
2119
ื•ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืชืงื™ื ื” ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ืกื•ืœืจื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื’ื’ ืฉืœื”.
23:55
and she didn't understand the request.
467
1435624
1866
ื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžื” ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืžืžื ื”.
23:57
(Laughter)
468
1437514
1765
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
23:59
And so she went and formed an alliance with the Sierra Club
469
1439303
3478
ืื– ื”ื™ื ื›ืจืชื” ื‘ืจื™ืช ืขื ืžื•ืขื“ื•ืŸ "ืกื™ื™ืจื”" ืœืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”
24:02
and they formed a new organization called the Green Tea Party.
470
1442805
4053
ื•ื”ื ื™ื™ืกื“ื• ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืฉื "ืžืกื™ื‘ืช ื”ืชื” ื”ื™ืจื•ืง."
24:06
(Laughter)
471
1446882
1002
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
24:07
(Applause)
472
1447908
1001
(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
24:08
And they defeated the proposal.
473
1448933
1488
ื•ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื“ื—ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืฆืขื”.
24:10
So, finally, the answer to your question is,
474
1450445
3226
ื›ืš ืฉืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืฉืืœืชืš ื”ื™ื,
24:13
this sounds a little corny and maybe it's a clichรฉ,
475
1453695
3033
ื–ื” ื ืฉืžืข ืžืขื˜ ื ื“ื•ืฉ ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืงืœื™ืฉืืชื™,
24:16
but 10 years ago -- and Christiana referred to this --
476
1456752
3516
ืื‘ืœ ืœืคื ื™ 10 ืฉื ื™ื -- ื•ื›ืจื™ืกื˜ื™ืื ื” ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื” ืœื›ืš --
24:20
there are people in this audience who played an incredibly significant role
477
1460292
5907
ื™ืฉ ื‘ืงื”ืœ ื”ื–ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžื™ืœืื• ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ืคืœื™ื
24:26
in generating those exponential curves.
478
1466223
2801
ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื”ืขืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื™ื›ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”.
ื•ืœื—ืœืงื ื–ื” ืœื ื”ืฉืชืœื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช,
24:29
And it didn't work out economically for some of them,
479
1469048
2524
24:31
but it kick-started this global revolution.
480
1471596
3054
ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื”ืชื ื™ืข ืืช ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ื”ื–ืืช.
24:34
And what people in this audience do now
481
1474674
3779
ื•ืžื” ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืงื”ืœ ื”ื–ื” ื™ืขืฉื• ื›ืขืช
24:38
with the knowledge that we are going to win this.
482
1478477
2505
ืขื ื”ื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื” -- ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื ื ืฆื— ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื” ื”ื–ืืช.
ืื‘ืœ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื“ ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืจ ื ื ืฆื—.
24:41
But it matters a lot how fast we win it.
483
1481006
4230
24:45
CA: Al Gore, that was incredibly powerful.
484
1485260
2357
ื›"ื: ืืœ ื’ื•ืจ, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื—ื–ืง ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
24:47
If this turns out to be the year,
485
1487641
1675
ืื ื™ืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื–ืืช ืชื”ื™ื” ื”ืฉื ื”
24:49
that the partisan thing changes,
486
1489340
2828
ืฉื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืคืœื’ืชื™ ื”ื–ื” ื™ืฉืชื ื”,
24:52
as you said, it's no longer a partisan issue,
487
1492192
3378
ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจืช, ื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืคืœื’ืชื™,
24:55
but you bring along people from the other side together,
488
1495594
4166
ืื‘ืœ ืืชื” ืžืงืจื‘ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื”ืฆื“ ื”ื ื’ื“ื™,
24:59
backed by science, backed by these kinds of investment opportunities,
489
1499784
3285
ื‘ื’ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืžื“ืขื™, ื‘ื’ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืขืกืงื™ื•ืช ื›ืืœื”,
25:03
backed by reason that you win the day --
490
1503093
2108
ื‘ื’ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื”ื”ื’ื™ื•ืŸ, ื•ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื ื ืฆื— --
25:05
boy, that's really exciting.
491
1505225
2359
ื‘ื—ื™ื™, ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ืžืœื”ื™ื‘.
25:07
Thank you so much.
492
1507608
1168
ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœืš.
25:08
AG: Thank you so much for bringing me back to TED.
493
1508800
2507
ื"ื’: ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœืš ืขืœ ืฉื”ื—ื–ืจืช ืื•ืชื™ ืœ-TED.
25:11
Thank you!
494
1511331
1151
ืชื•ื“ื”!
25:12
(Applause)
495
1512506
2606
(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7