The case for optimism on climate change | Al Gore

377,443 views ใƒป 2016-03-14

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Kyo young Chu ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:12
I was excited to be a part of the "Dream" theme,
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์ €๋Š” "๊ฟˆ"์„ ์ฃผ์ œ๋กœํ•œ ๋ฐœํ‘œ์ž๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ ์ค„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ํฅ๋ถ„ํ–ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ,
00:17
and then I found out I'm leading off the "Nightmare?" section of it.
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์•Œ๊ณ ๋ณด๋‹ˆ ์ œ๊ฐ€ "์•…๋ชฝ?" ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:20
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
00:23
And certainly there are things about the climate crisis that qualify.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—” ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:28
And I have some bad news,
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๋‚˜์œ ์†Œ์‹๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
00:30
but I have a lot more good news.
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์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹์„ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:32
I'm going to propose three questions
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์ €๋Š” ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ค€๋น„ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
00:36
and the answer to the first one
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์€
00:39
necessarily involves a little bad news.
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์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ๋‚˜์œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ๋‹ด๊ณ ๋Š” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:41
But -- hang on, because the answers to the second and third questions
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์ž ์‹œ๋งŒ์š”, ๊ทธ์น˜๋งŒ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ์™€ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์€
00:46
really are very positive.
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๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:49
So the first question is, "Do we really have to change?"
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์ง„์ •์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€?"
00:54
And of course, the Apollo Mission, among other things
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด
์•„ํด๋กœ ๊ณ„ํš์€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์šด๋™์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์—ˆ๊ณ ,
00:59
changed the environmental movement,
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01:01
really launched the modern environmental movement.
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์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅด๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋ณธ ๋‚ ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 18๊ฐœ์›” ํ›„
01:04
18 months after this Earthrise picture was first seen on earth,
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์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ๋‚ ์ด ์ œ์ •๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ ,
01:08
the first Earth Day was organized.
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ํ˜„๋Œ€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์šด๋™์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:11
And we learned a lot about ourselves
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ณณ์„ ์šฐ์ฃผ์—์„œ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ด„์œผ๋กœ์จ
01:14
looking back at our planet from space.
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๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐฐ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:17
And one of the things that we learned
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๊ทธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ๋งํ•ด์˜ค๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์„
01:19
confirmed what the scientists have long told us.
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ํ™•์‹คํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:21
One of the most essential facts
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๊ธฐํ›„ ์œ„๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
01:23
about the climate crisis has to do with the sky.
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ํ•˜๋Š˜๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:26
As this picture illustrates,
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์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์—์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ,
01:28
the sky is not the vast and limitless expanse
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ํ•˜๋Š˜์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋•…์—์„œ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
01:31
that appears when we look up from the ground.
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ํฌ๊ณ  ๋ฌดํ•œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:34
It is a very thin shell of atmosphere
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ํ–‰์„ฑ์„ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ธ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์–‡์€ ๊ป์งˆ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:38
surrounding the planet.
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01:40
That right now is the open sewer for our industrial civilization
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์ œ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
์‚ฐ์—… ๋ฌธ๋ช…์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ•˜์ˆ˜๊ตฌ์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฆ„์—†์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:45
as it's currently organized.
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01:47
We are spewing 110 million tons
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งค 24์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์˜จ์‹ค ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ฅผ
01:51
of heat-trapping global warming pollution into it every 24 hours,
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1์–ต 1์ฒœ๋งŒ ํ†ค์”ฉ ๋ฐฐ์ถœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:56
free of charge, go ahead.
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๋ง˜๊ป ์“ฐ์„ธ์š”, ๊ณต์งœ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
01:58
And there are many sources of the greenhouse gases,
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์˜จ์‹ค ๊ฐ€์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ,
02:01
I'm certainly not going to go through them all.
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์ผ์ผ์ด ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง„ ์•Š๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
I'm going to focus on the main one,
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์ฃผ์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
02:05
but agriculture is involved, diet is involved, population is involved.
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๋†์—…, ์‹์ƒํ™œ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:09
Management of forests, transportation,
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์‚ฐ๋ฆผ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ, ๊ตํ†ต,
02:11
the oceans, the melting of the permafrost.
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๋ฐ”๋‹ค, ์˜๊ตฌ ๋™ํ† ์ธต์˜ ํ•ด๋น™ ๋“ฑ๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
02:14
But I'm going to focus on the heart of the problem,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:16
which is the fact that we still rely on dirty, carbon-based fuels
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งค๋…„ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜
02:21
for 85 percent of all the energy that our world burns every year.
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85%๋ฅผ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋”๋Ÿฝ๊ณ , ํƒ„์†Œ๋กœ ์ด๋ค„์ง„ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์— ์˜์กดํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
02:27
And you can see from this image that after World War II,
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๊ทธ๋ฆผ์—์„œ ๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ 2์ฐจ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋Œ€์ „ ์ดํ›„
02:31
the emission rates started really accelerating.
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๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:34
And the accumulated amount of man-made, global warming pollution
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ธ๋ฅ˜์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋˜์–ด
02:37
that is up in the atmosphere now
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๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์ค‘์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜จ์‹ค ๊ฐ€์Šค์˜ ์–‘์€
02:39
traps as much extra heat energy as would be released
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๋งค 24์‹œ๊ฐ„, 1๋…„ 365์ผ ๊ฐ„
02:43
by 400,000 Hiroshima-class atomic bombs exploding
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ํžˆ๋กœ์‹œ๋งˆ๊ธ‰ ์›์ž ํญํƒ„ 40๋งŒ ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ํ„ฐ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ
02:48
every 24 hours, 365 days a year.
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๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์—ด์„ ๋” ๊ฐ€๋‘ฌ๋‘ก๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:52
Fact-checked over and over again,
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์ด๋ฏธ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฒˆ ํ™•์ธ์„ ํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
02:54
conservative, it's the truth.
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๋ณด์ˆ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์žก์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ, ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:56
Now it's a big planet, but --
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์ง€๊ตฌ๋Š” ํฐ ํ–‰์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:59
(Explosion sound)
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(ํญ๋ฐœ์Œ)
03:01
that is a lot of energy,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๋˜ํ•œ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์ฃ .
03:02
particularly when you multiply it 400,000 times per day.
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ํŠนํžˆ ๋งค์ผ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ 40๋งŒ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ํ„ฐ์ง„๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋”์šฑ์ด์š”.
03:08
And all that extra heat energy
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์ž‰์—ฌ ์—ด์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋Š”
03:10
is heating up the atmosphere, the whole earth system.
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์ง€๊ตฌ ์ „์ฒด์˜ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ์›๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:13
Let's look at the atmosphere.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋Œ€๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์ฃ .
03:15
This is a depiction
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์˜จ์˜ ์ •๊ทœ๋ถ„ํฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ชจ์–‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:16
of what we used to think of as the normal distribution of temperatures.
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03:22
The white represents normal temperature days;
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ํฐ์ƒ‰์€ ๋ฌด์ž‘์œ„๋กœ ์„ ํƒ๋œ 1951๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 1980๋…„๊นŒ์ง€์˜
03:25
1951-1980 are arbitrarily chosen.
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ํ‰๊ท ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์˜จ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:28
The blue are cooler than average days,
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ํŒŒ๋ž€์ƒ‰์€ ํ‰๊ท  ๊ธฐ์˜จ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋‚ ,
03:30
the red are warmer than average days.
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๋ถ‰์€์ƒ‰์€ ํ‰๊ท ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋”ฐ๋œปํ•œ ๋‚ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:32
But the entire curve has moved to the right in the 1980s.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 80๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดํ›„ ์ „์ฒด ๋ถ„ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
And you'll see in the lower right-hand corner
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ ์•„๋ž˜์— ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด,
03:38
the appearance of statistically significant numbers
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๊ทน๋„๋กœ ๋”์šด ๋‚ ๋“ค์ด ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜๊ฒŒ
03:41
of extremely hot days.
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๋Š˜์–ด๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:42
In the 90s, the curve shifted further.
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90๋…„๋Œ€์— ๋“ค์–ด์„œ๋Š” ๋” ์‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ด๋™ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:44
And in the last 10 years, you see the extremely hot days
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์ง€๋‚œ 10๋…„ ๊ฐ„์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ป˜์„œ๋„ ๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ
03:48
are now more numerous than the cooler than average days.
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๋”์šด ๋‚ ๋“ค์ด ํ‰๊ท ๋ณด๋‹ค ์‹œ์›ํ•œ ๋‚ ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋งŽ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:52
In fact, they are 150 times more common on the surface of the earth
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ 30๋…„ ์ „์— ๋น„ํ•ด์„œ 150๋ฐฐ๋‚˜ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:57
than they were just 30 years ago.
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04:01
So we're having record-breaking temperatures.
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๊ธฐ์˜จ์€ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๋†’์•„์ง€๊ณ ๋งŒ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:04
Fourteen of the 15 of the hottest years ever measured with instruments
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์œ ์‚ฌ ์ด๋ž˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋”์› ๋˜ ํ•ด 15๊ฐœ ์ค‘ 14๊ฐœ๊ฐ€
04:08
have been in this young century.
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์–ผ๋งˆ ์ง€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ 21์„ธ๊ธฐ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:09
The hottest of all was last year.
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๊ทธ ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ ์ž‘๋…„์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋”์› ์ฃ .
04:12
Last month was the 371st month in a row
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์ง€๋‚œ ๋‹ฌ์€ 371๋‹ฌ ์—ฐ์†์œผ๋กœ
04:15
warmer than the 20th-century average.
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20์„ธ๊ธฐ ํ‰๊ท  ๊ธฐ์˜จ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’์•˜๋˜ ๋‹ฌ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:17
And for the first time, not only the warmest January,
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์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋”ฐ๋œปํ–ˆ๋˜ 1์›”์ด์—ˆ์„ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
04:21
but for the first time, it was more than two degrees Fahrenheit warmer
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์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ ํ‰๊ท  ๊ธฐ์˜จ๋ณด๋‹ค
ํ™”์”จ 2๋„ ์ด์ƒ ๋†’์•˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:26
than the average.
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04:28
These higher temperatures are having an effect on animals,
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์ด ๋†’์•„์ง„ ๊ธฐ์˜จ์€ ๋™์‹๋ฌผ, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ,
04:32
plants, people, ecosystems.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์—๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:35
But on a global basis, 93 percent of all the extra heat energy
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋†“๊ณ  ๋ดค์„ ๋•Œ ์ž‰์—ฌ ์—ด์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ 93%๋Š”
04:40
is trapped in the oceans.
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๋ฐ”๋‹ค์— ๊ฐ–ํ˜€์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:42
And the scientists can measure the heat buildup
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์˜ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊นŠ์ด์˜ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
04:44
much more precisely now
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04:45
at all depths: deep, mid-ocean,
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์—ด์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ธก์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:47
the first few hundred meters.
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04:49
And this, too, is accelerating.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๋˜ํ•œ ๋นจ๋ผ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:52
It goes back more than a century.
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ํ•œ ์„ธ๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ง€๋‚œ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:54
And more than half of the increase has been in the last 19 years.
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๊ทธ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜ ์ด์ƒ์ด ์ง€๋‚œ 19๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:58
This has consequences.
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๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
04:59
The first order of consequence:
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š”
05:01
the ocean-based storms get stronger.
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๋ฐ”๋‹ค์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ํญํ’์ด ๊ฐ•ํ•ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:03
Super Typhoon Haiyan went over areas of the Pacific
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์Šˆํผ ํƒœํ’ ํ•˜์ด์–€(Haiyan)์€
์ƒ๋ฅ™ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํŒŒ๊ดด์ ์ธ ํƒœํ’์œผ๋กœ์จ
05:06
five and a half degrees Fahrenheit warmer than normal
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05:09
before it slammed into Tacloban,
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ํƒ€ํด๋กœ๋ฐ˜(Tacloban)์„ ๊ฐ•ํƒ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „
05:11
as the most destructive storm ever to make landfall.
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ํ‰๊ท  ๊ธฐ์˜จ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ™”์”จ 5.5๋„ ๋†’์•˜๋˜ ํƒœํ‰์–‘์„ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:15
Pope Francis, who has made such a difference to this whole issue,
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์นœ ํ”„๋ž€์ฒด์Šค์ฝ” ๊ตํ™ฉ์€
05:20
visited Tacloban right after that.
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๊ทธ ์งํ›„ ํƒ€ํด๋กœ๋ฐ˜์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:22
Superstorm Sandy went over areas of the Atlantic
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์Šˆํผ ํƒœํ’ ์ƒŒ๋””(Sandy)๋Š”
๋‰ด์š•๊ณผ ๋‰ด์ €์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํƒ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „
05:25
nine degrees warmer than normal
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ํ‰๊ท  ๊ธฐ์˜จ๋ณด๋‹ค 9๋„๋‚˜ ๋†’์•˜๋˜ ๋Œ€์„œ์–‘์„ ์ง€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:27
before slamming into New York and New Jersey.
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05:31
The second order of consequences are affecting all of us right now.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ํ˜„์žฌ์—๋„ ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ผ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:35
The warmer oceans are evaporating much more water vapor into the skies.
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๊ธฐ์˜จ์ด ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์—์„œ๋Š” ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋ฌผ์ด ํ•˜๋Š˜๋กœ ์ฆ๋ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:40
Average humidity worldwide has gone up four percent.
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์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ํ‰๊ท  ์Šต๋„๋Š” 4% ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:44
And it creates these atmospheric rivers.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฐ•์„ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:47
The Brazilian scientists call them "flying rivers."
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๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ์˜ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ฅผ "๋‚ ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ•"์ด๋ผ ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:50
And they funnel all of that extra water vapor over the land
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ํญํ’์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๋ก์ ์ธ ๊ฐ•์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
05:55
where storm conditions trigger these massive record-breaking downpours.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋จธ๊ธˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ถ„์„ ๋•…์— ํผ๋ถ“๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:00
This is from Montana.
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๋ชฌํƒ€๋‚˜์—์„œ ์ฐ์€ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:03
Take a look at this storm last August.
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์ง€๋‚œ 8์›”์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์ด ํญํ’์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋„๋ก ํ•˜์ฃ .
06:05
As it moves over Tucson, Arizona.
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์—๋ฆฌ์กฐ๋‚˜ ์ฃผ ํˆฌ์‹ผ์„ ์ด๋™ ์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:08
It literally splashes off the city.
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๋ง ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋„์‹œ์— ๋ฌผ์„ ํผ๋ถ“๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
06:11
These downpours are really unusual.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ํญ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ํŠน์ดํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:15
Last July in Houston, Texas,
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์ง€๋‚œ 7์›” ํ…์‚ฌ์Šค ์ฃผ ํœด์Šคํ„ด์—์„œ๋Š”
06:18
it rained for two days, 162 billion gallons.
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์ดํ‹€๋™์•ˆ 162๊ฐค๋Ÿฐ์˜ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:21
That represents more than two days of the full flow of Niagara Falls
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์ด๋Š” ์ดํ‹€๋™์•ˆ ๋‚˜์ด์•„๊ฐ€๋ผ ํญํฌ์—์„œ
06:25
in the middle of the city,
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์Ÿ์•„์ง€๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งŽ์€ ์–‘์ด์—ˆ๊ณ ,
06:26
which was, of course, paralyzed.
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๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ๋„์‹œ๋Š” ๋งˆ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
06:28
These record downpours are creating historic floods and mudslides.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ก์ ์ธ ํญ์šฐ๋Š” ์—ญ์‚ฌ์— ๋‚จ์„ ํ™์ˆ˜์™€ ์ง„ํ™์‚ฌํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:32
This one is from Chile last year.
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์ž‘๋…„ ์น ๋ ˆ์—์„œ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:37
And you'll see that warehouse going by.
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์ฐฝ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋– ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:40
There are oil tankers cars going by.
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์œ ์กฐ์ฐจ๋„ ๋– ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ€๋„ค์š”.
06:42
This is from Spain last September,
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์ง€๋‚œ 9์›” ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ์ธ๋ฐ์š”,
06:44
you could call this the running of the cars and trucks, I guess.
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์ž๋™์ฐจ์™€ ํŠธ๋Ÿญ ๋ชฐ์ด ์ถ•์ œ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
06:49
Every night on the TV news now is like a nature hike
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๋งค์ผ๋ฐค ๋‰ด์Šค๋Š” ์š”ํ•œ ๊ณ„์‹œ๋ก์— ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์„
06:52
through the Book of Revelation.
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๊ฑท๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:54
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
06:56
I mean, really.
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์ง„์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ง์”€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:59
The insurance industry has certainly noticed,
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๋ณดํ—˜ ์—…๊ณ„๋Š” ์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์†์‹ค์ด ์ปค์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ์•„์ฐจ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:01
the losses have been mounting up.
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07:03
They're not under any illusions about what's happening.
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์˜๋ฌธ์„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:07
And the causality requires a moment of discussion.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ธ๊ณผ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ด๋ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:13
We're used to thinking of linear cause and linear effect --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•œ ์›์ธ์ด ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚ณ๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š”
07:16
one cause, one effect.
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์„ ํ˜•์ ์ธ ์ธ๊ณผ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:17
This is systemic causation.
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์ด๊ฑด ์œ ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ์ธ๊ณผ๊ด€๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:21
As the great Kevin Trenberth says,
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์ผ€๋นˆ ํŠธ๋ Œ๋ฒ„์Šค(Kevin Trenberth)๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:23
"All storms are different now.
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"์ด์ œ ๋ชจ๋“  ํญํ’์€ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:24
There's so much extra energy in the atmosphere,
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๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์ค‘์— ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋„˜์น˜๊ณ ,
07:27
there's so much extra water vapor.
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์ฆ๋ฐœ๋œ ์ˆ˜๋ถ„๋„ ๋„˜์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:28
Every storm is different now."
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์ด์ œ ๋ชจ๋“  ํญํ’์€ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
07:31
So, the same extra heat pulls the soil moisture out of the ground
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์ฆ‰, ์—ฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์—ด์€ ๋Œ€์ง€์—์„œ ํ™์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ถ„์„ ๋นผ์•˜๊ณ ,
07:36
and causes these deeper, longer, more pervasive droughts
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์ด ๊นŠ๊ณ  ๊ธธ๋ฉฐ, ๋” ๋„“์€ ์ง€์—ญ์— ๊ฐ€๋ญ„์„ ์„ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
07:40
and many of them are underway right now.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ์ง„ํ–‰์ค‘์ธ ๊ณณ๋„ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:42
It dries out the vegetation
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์ดˆ๋ชฉ์„ ๋ง๋ฆฌ๊ณ ,
07:44
and causes more fires in the western part of North America.
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๋ถ๋ฏธ์˜ ์„œ์ชฝ์— ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฐ๋ถˆ์„ ๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:47
There's certainly been evidence of that, a lot of them.
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๊ทธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋„ ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:51
More lightning,
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๋ฒˆ๊ฐœ๋„ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:52
as the heat energy builds up, there's a considerable amount
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์—ด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก
07:55
of additional lightning also.
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๋ฒˆ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ์น˜๋Š” ํšŸ์ˆ˜๋„ ํ˜„์ €ํžˆ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:58
These climate-related disasters also have geopolitical consequences
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์ด ๊ธฐํ›„์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์žฌ์•™๋“ค์€ ์ง€์ •ํ•™์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋„ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ ,
08:05
and create instability.
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๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:07
The climate-related historic drought that started in Syria in 2006
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2006๋…„ ์‹œ๋ฆฌ์•„์—์„œ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ธฐํ›„์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ก์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€๋ญ„์€
08:12
destroyed 60 percent of the farms in Syria,
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์‹œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ๋‚ด ๋†์žฅ์˜ 60%๋ฅผ ํŒŒ๊ดดํ•˜๊ณ ,
08:15
killed 80 percent of the livestock,
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๊ฐ€์ถ•์˜ 80%๋ฅผ ์ฃฝ์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ,
08:18
and drove 1.5 million climate refugees into the cities of Syria,
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150๋งŒ ๋ช…์˜ ๊ธฐํ›„ ๋‚œ๋ฏผ์€
08:22
where they collided with another 1.5 million refugees
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์ด๋ฏธ 150๋งŒ ๋ช…์˜ ์ด๋ผํฌ ์ „ ํ”ผ๋‚œ๋ฏผ์ด ์žˆ๋˜ ๋„์‹œ๋กœ
08:25
from the Iraq War.
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์ด๋™ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:27
And along with other factors, that opened the gates of Hell
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ด๋Š” ์ง€์˜ฅ์˜ ๋ฌธ์„ ์—ด๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ ,
08:32
that people are trying to close now.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋‹ซ์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ๋…ธ๋ ฅ ์ค‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:35
The US Defense Department has long warned
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ์„ฑ์€ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ
08:37
of consequences from the climate crisis,
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๋‚œ๋ฏผ์ด๋‚˜ ์‹๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ์‹์ˆ˜ ๋ถ€์กฑ,
08:40
including refugees, food and water shortages
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์œ ํ–‰๋ณ‘๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธฐํ›„ ์œ„๊ธฐ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:44
and pandemic disease.
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08:46
Right now we're seeing microbial diseases from the tropics spread
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์ง€๊ธˆ ํ˜„์žฌ ์—ด๋Œ€์ง€๋ฐฉ์˜ ์„ธ๊ท  ์งˆํ™˜์ด
08:51
to the higher latitudes;
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๊ณ ์œ„๋„๋กœ ์ „ํŒŒ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ ,
08:52
the transportation revolution has had a lot to do with this.
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์šด์†ก ํ˜๋ช…๋„ ์ด์™€ ํฐ ์—ฐ๊ด€์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:56
But the changing conditions change the latitudes and the areas
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธฐํ›„๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์„ธ๊ท  ์งˆํ™˜์ด
09:00
where these microbial diseases can become endemic
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ํ’ํ† ๋ณ‘์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์œ„๋„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์—ˆ๊ณ ,
09:03
and change the range of the vectors, like mosquitoes and ticks that carry them.
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์ด๋ฅผ ์ „์—ผ์‹œํ‚ฌ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋‚˜ ์ง„๋“œ๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋งค๊ฐœ์ฒด์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:08
The Zika epidemic now --
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์ง€๊ธˆ์˜ ์ง€์นด๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
09:12
we're better positioned in North America
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๋ถ๋ฏธ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ธฐ์˜จ์ด ๋‚ฎ๊ณ ,
09:14
because it's still a little too cool and we have a better public health system.
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๊ณต๊ณต ์˜๋ฃŒ ์ฒด๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋‚ซ๊ธฐ์— ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ข‹์€ ์œ„์น˜์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:18
But when women in some regions of South and Central America
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ค‘๋‚จ๋ฏธ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด
09:23
are advised not to get pregnant for two years --
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2๋…„ ๊ฐ„ ์ž„์‹ ์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์ข‹๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด,
09:25
that's something new, that ought to get our attention.
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์ด๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ณ , ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๋Œ๋งŒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:29
The Lancet, one of the two greatest medical journals in the world,
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์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ €๋ช…ํ•œ ๋‘ ์˜๋ฃŒ ์žก์ง€ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ ๋ž€์…‹(The Lancet) ์ง€๋Š”
09:33
last summer labeled this a medical emergency now.
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์ง€๋‚œ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋‘๊ณ  ์˜๋ฃŒ ๋น„์ƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:37
And there are many factors because of it.
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๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋งŽ์€ ์š”์†Œ๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:40
This is also connected to the extinction crisis.
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์ด๋Š” ๋ฉธ์ข… ์œ„๊ธฐ์™€๋„ ์—ฐ๊ด€์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:42
We're in danger of losing 50 percent of all the living species on earth
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 21์„ธ๊ธฐ ๋ง๊นŒ์ง€ ์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ข…์˜
09:46
by the end of this century.
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50%๋ฅผ ์žƒ์„ ์œ„ํ—˜์— ์ฒ˜ํ•ด์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:47
And already, land-based plants and animals
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋ฏธ ๋•…์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์„ ๋‘” ๋™์‹๋ฌผ์€
09:50
are now moving towards the poles
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ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋ฃจ 15ํ”ผํŠธ ์ •๋„
09:52
at an average rate of 15 feet per day.
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๊ทน์ง€๋ฐฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:56
Speaking of the North Pole,
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๋ถ๊ทน์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด,
09:57
last December 29, the same storm that caused historic flooding
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์ง€๋‚œ 12์›” 29์ผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ค‘์„œ๋ถ€์—
10:03
in the American Midwest,
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๊ธฐ๋ก์ ์ธ ํ™์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•œ ๊ทธ ํญํ’์ด
10:04
raised temperatures at the North Pole
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๋ถ๊ทน์˜ ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ท  ๋ณด๋‹ค
10:07
50 degrees Fahrenheit warmer than normal,
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ํ™”์”จ 50๋„ ์ƒ์Šน์‹œ์ผฐ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
10:09
causing the thawing of the North Pole
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๊ธธ๊ณ  ์–ด๋‘์šด ๊ทน์ง€๋ฐฉ์˜ ์–ด๋‘  ์†์—์„œ๋„
10:12
in the middle of the long, dark, winter, polar night.
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์–ผ์Œ์„ ๋…น์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:16
And when the land-based ice of the Arctic melts,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ถ๊ทน์˜ ์–ผ์Œ์ด ๋…น์œผ๋ฉด
10:20
it raises sea level.
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ํ•ด์ˆ˜๋ฉด์ด ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:22
Paul Nicklen's beautiful photograph from Svalbard illustrates this.
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ํด ๋‹ˆ์ผ„์ด ์ฐ์€ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ์Šค๋ฐœ๋ฐ”๋ฅด์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:26
It's more dangerous coming off Greenland
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๊ทธ๋ฆฐ๋žœ๋“œ์™€ ํŠนํžˆ ๋‚จ๊ทน์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:28
and particularly, Antarctica.
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10:30
The 10 largest risk cities for sea-level rise by population
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๊ณตํ•ด์— ์˜ํ•œ ํ•ด์ˆ˜๋ฉด ์ƒ์Šน์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ 10๊ฐœ ๋„์‹œ๋Š”
10:35
are mostly in South and Southeast Asia.
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์ฃผ๋กœ ๋‚จ์•„์‹œ์•„๋‚˜ ๋™๋‚จ์•„์‹œ์•„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:37
When you measure it by assets at risk, number one is Miami:
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด 1์œ„๋Š”
10:42
three and a half trillion dollars at risk.
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3.5์กฐ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋กœ ๋งˆ์ด์• ๋ฏธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:44
Number three: New York and Newark.
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3์œ„๋Š” ๋‰ด์š•๊ณผ ๋‰ด์™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:46
I was in Miami last fall during the supermoon,
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์ „ ์ง€๋‚œ ๊ฐ€์„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ๋งŒ์กฐ์˜€๋˜ ์ˆ˜ํผ๋ฌธ ๋•Œ
10:49
one of the highest high-tide days.
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๋งˆ์ด์• ๋ฏธ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:52
And there were fish from the ocean swimming in some of the streets
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๋ฐ”๋‹ค ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋“ค์ด ๋งˆ์ด์• ๋ฏธ ํ•ด์•ˆ๊ณผ
10:56
of Miami Beach and Fort Lauderdale
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ํฌํŠธ ๋กœ๋”๋ฐ์ผ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ธ ๋ ˆ์ด์˜ ๋„๋กœ์—์„œ
10:58
and Del Rey.
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ํ—ค์—„์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:59
And this happens regularly during the highest-tide tides now.
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์ด์ œ๋Š” ๋งŒ์กฐ ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:02
Not with rain -- they call it "sunny-day flooding."
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๋น„ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ . ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ "๋ง‘์€ ๋‚ ์˜ ํ™์ˆ˜"๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:05
It comes up through the storm sewers.
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๋น—๋ฌผ ๋ฐฐ์ˆ˜๊ด€์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์˜ฌ๋ผ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:09
And the Mayor of Miami speaks for many when he says
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ด์• ๋ฏธ ์‹œ์žฅ์€ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ •ํŒŒ์ ์ธ ๊ด€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ธฐ์—๋Š”
11:14
it is long past time this can be viewed through a partisan lens.
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฒˆ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:18
This is a crisis that's getting worse day by day.
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์ด๋Š” ๊ฐˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋” ๋‚˜๋น ์ง€๋Š” ์œ„๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:21
We have to move beyond partisanship.
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์ •๋‹น ์‹ธ์›€์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:23
And I want to take a moment to honor these House Republicans --
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์ด ๊ณตํ™”๋‹น ํ•˜์› ์˜์›๋“ค๊ป˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‚ด์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:27
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
11:28
who had the courage last fall
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์ด ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ์ง€๋‚œ ๊ฐ€์„ ์šฉ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด์–ด
11:30
to step out and take a political risk,
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๊ธฐํ›„ ์œ„๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ง„์‹ค์„ ๋งํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ
11:35
by telling the truth about the climate crisis.
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์ •์น˜์  ์œ„ํ—˜๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:38
So the cost of the climate crisis is mounting up,
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๊ธฐํ›„ ์œ„๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„์šฉ์€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
11:41
there are many of these aspects I haven't even mentioned.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๋„ ์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:45
It's an enormous burden.
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๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ํฐ ์ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:47
I'll mention just one more,
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ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋งŒ ๋” ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:48
because the World Economic Forum last month in Davos,
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์ง€๋‚œ ๋‹ฌ ๋‹ค๋ณด์Šค์—์„œ ์—ด๋ฆฐ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ํฌ๋Ÿผ์—์„œ
11:53
after their annual survey of 750 economists,
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750๋ช…์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ž๋ฅผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœํ•œ ์ž์ฒด ์„ค๋ฌธ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ
11:56
said the climate crisis is now the number one risk
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์œ„ํ—˜์ด
11:59
to the global economy.
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๊ธฐํ›„ ์œ„๊ธฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋‹ตํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:01
So you get central bankers
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์ฆ‰, ๋งˆํฌ ์นด๋„ค์ด(Mark Carney)
12:02
like Mark Carney, the head of the UK Central Bank,
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์˜๊ตญ ์ค‘์•™์€ํ–‰ ์ด์žฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
12:05
saying the vast majority of the carbon reserves are unburnable.
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ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ณด์œ ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ํƒœ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:09
Subprime carbon.
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ํƒ„์†Œ ์„œ๋ธŒํ”„๋ผ์ž„ ์‚ฌํƒœ์ฃ .
12:11
I'm not going to remind you what happened with subprime mortgages,
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์„œ๋ธŒํ”„๋ผ์ž„ ๋ชจ๊ธฐ์ง€ ์‚ฌํƒœ์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ผ์„ ์ƒ๊ธฐ์‹œ์ผœ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง„ ์•Š๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ,
12:14
but it's the same thing.
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๋˜‘๊ฐ™๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:16
If you look at all of the carbon fuels that were burned
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฐ์—… ํ˜๋ช…์˜ ์‹œ์ž‘๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
12:18
since the beginning of the industrial revolution,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ํƒ„์†Œ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์˜ ์–‘์ด๊ณ ,
12:21
this is the quantity burned in the last 16 years.
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์ด๊ฑด ์ง€๋‚œ 16๋…„ ๊ฐ„ ํƒœ์šด ์–‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:25
Here are all the ones that are proven and left on the books,
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์ด 28์กฐ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์–‘์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ 
12:28
28 trillion dollars.
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์ฆ๋ช… ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ  ์ฑ…์— ๋‚˜์™€์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:30
The International Energy Agency says only this amount can be burned.
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๊ตญ์ œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋งŒํผ๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:34
So the rest, 22 trillion dollars --
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ 22์กฐ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์–‘์€
12:37
unburnable.
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์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
12:39
Risk to the global economy.
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์— ์œ„ํ˜‘์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:41
That's why divestment movement makes practical sense
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ฃผ์‹์„ ๋งค๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์›€์ง์ž„์ด ๋ณด์ด๊ณ ,
12:44
and is not just a moral imperative.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹จ์ง€ ๋„๋•์ ์ธ ๋ช…๋ น๋งŒ์€ ์•„๋‹Œ ๊นŒ๋‹ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:47
So the answer to the first question, "Must we change?"
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด์—ˆ๋˜ "์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€?"์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์€
12:51
is yes, we have to change.
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๋„ค, ๋ณ€ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:53
Second question, "Can we change?"
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ณ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€?"
12:55
This is the exciting news!
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค!
12:57
The best projections in the world 16 years ago
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16๋…„ ์ „ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์˜ˆ์ƒ์€
13:01
were that by 2010, the world would be able to install
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2010๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ตญ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ 30 ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€์™€ํŠธ์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š”
13:05
30 gigawatts of wind capacity.
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ํ’๋ ฅ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์‹œ์„ค์„ ์„ค์น˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:07
We beat that mark by 14 and a half times over.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋ณด๋‹ค 14.5๋ฐฐ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:12
We see an exponential curve for wind installations now.
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์ด์ œ ํ’๋ ฅ ๋ฐœ์ „ ์„ค๋น„๋Š” ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธ‰์ˆ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Š˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:16
We see the cost coming down dramatically.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋น„์šฉ์€ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ์ค„์–ด๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
13:19
Some countries -- take Germany, an industrial powerhouse
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๋…์ผ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ 12์›” ์–ด๋Š ๋‚ 
13:22
with a climate not that different from Vancouver's, by the way --
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ํ•œ ์‚ฐ์—…์šฉ ๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ์—์„œ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ 81%๋ฅผ
13:26
one day last December,
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ํƒœ์–‘๊ณผ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ
13:28
got 81 percent of all its energy from renewable resources,
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์žฌ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ž์›์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:31
mainly solar and wind.
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๋ฐด์ฟ ๋ฒ„์™€ ๊ธฐํ›„๋„ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ๋ฐ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
13:33
A lot of countries are getting more than half on an average basis.
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๋งŽ์€ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์ด ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜ ์ด์ƒ ์žฌ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ž์›์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์–ป๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:36
More good news:
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๋” ์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:37
energy storage, from batteries particularly,
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ํŠนํžˆ ๋ฐฐํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ
13:40
is now beginning to take off
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์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ €์žฅ์ด ๋Š˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:42
because the cost has been coming down very dramatically
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์ด์œ ๋Š” ๋‚ ์”จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๋˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ’€๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋น„์šฉ์ด
13:46
to solve the intermittency problem.
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ํ˜„์ €ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚ฎ์•„์กŒ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:47
With solar, the news is even more exciting!
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ํƒœ์–‘์„์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์†Œ์‹์€ ๋” ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:50
The best projections 14 years ago were that we would install
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14๋…„ ์ „ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ตœ๊ณ ์น˜๋Š” 2010๋…„๊นŒ์ง€
13:53
one gigawatt per year by 2010.
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๋งค๋…„ 1๊ธฐ๊ฐ€์™€ํŠธ์˜ ์„ค๋น„๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:56
When 2010 came around, we beat that mark by 17 times over.
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2010๋…„์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ทธ ์˜ˆ์ƒ์น˜๋ฅผ 17๋ฐฐ ์›ƒ๋Œ์•˜๊ณ ,
14:01
Last year, we beat it by 58 times over.
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์ž‘๋…„์—๋Š” 58๋ฐฐ๋‚˜ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์›ƒ๋Œ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:04
This year, we're on track to beat it 68 times over.
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์˜ฌํ•ด๋Š” 68๋ฐฐ๋‚˜ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:07
We're going to win this.
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์ด๋ฃฐ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:09
We are going to prevail.
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์„ฑ๊ณตํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:10
The exponential curve on solar is even steeper and more dramatic.
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ํƒœ์–‘ ๋ฐœ์ „์˜ ๊ณก์„ ์€ ๋” ๊ฐ€ํŒŒ๋ฅด๊ณ  ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:14
When I came to this stage 10 years ago,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ 10๋…„ ์ „ ๋ฌด๋Œ€์— ์„ฐ์„ ๋•Œ๋Š”
14:16
this is where it was.
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์ด ์ง€์ ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:18
We have seen a revolutionary breakthrough
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๋Š” ์ด ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธ‰์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ๊ณก์„ ์˜
14:22
in the emergence of these exponential curves.
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ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ ์‹œ์ž‘์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:25
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
14:28
And the cost has come down 10 percent per year
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋น„์šฉ์€ ์ง€๋‚œ 30๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ
14:32
for 30 years.
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ํ•ด๋งˆ๋‹ค 10% ์”ฉ ์ค„์–ด๋“ค์—ˆ๊ณ ,
14:33
And it's continuing to come down.
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ํ˜„์žฌ์—๋„ ๊ณ„์† ์ด์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:36
Now, the business community has certainly noticed this,
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์ด์ œ ์‚ฌ์—…๊ฐ€๋“ค๋„ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ˆˆ์น˜ ์ฑ˜์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:38
because it's crossing the grid parity point.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ธฐ์กด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์™€ ๋‹จ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋น„์Šทํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:41
Cheaper solar penetration rates are beginning to rise.
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์ €๋ ดํ•œ ํƒœ์–‘๋ฐœ์ „์˜ ๋ณด๊ธ‰๋ฅ ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:44
Grid parity is understood as that line, that threshold,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ํŒจ๋ฆฌํ‹ฐ๋Š” ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€
14:48
below which renewable electricity is cheaper than electricity
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ํ™”์„ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ์ „๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค
14:52
from burning fossil fuels.
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์ €๋ ดํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ์„ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์‹๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:54
That threshold is a little bit like the difference
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๊ทธ ๊ธฐ์ค€์ ์€ ํ™”์”จ 32๋„์™€ 33๋„,
14:57
between 32 degrees Fahrenheit and 33 degrees Fahrenheit,
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์„ญ์”จ๋กœ๋Š” 0๋„์™€ 1๋„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:01
or zero and one Celsius.
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15:03
It's a difference of more than one degree,
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๋‹จ์ง€ 1๋„์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
15:05
it's the difference between ice and water.
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๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์–ผ์Œ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:07
And it's the difference between markets that are frozen up,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ผ์–ด๋ถ™์€ ์‹œ์žฅ๊ณผ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํˆฌ์ž ๊ธฐํšŒ๋กœ
15:11
and liquid flows of capital into new opportunities for investment.
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์ž๊ธˆ์ด ํ˜๋Ÿฌ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๋Š” ์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:16
This is the biggest new business opportunity
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์ด๋Š” ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์‚ฌ์—… ๊ธฐํšŒ์ด๋ฉฐ,
15:19
in the history of the world,
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15:21
and two-thirds of it is in the private sector.
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3๋ถ„์˜ 2๋Š” ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„์˜ ์˜์—ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:24
We are seeing an explosion of new investment.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํˆฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ํญ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:28
Starting in 2010, investments globally in renewable electricity generation
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2010๋…„์„ ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํˆฌ์ž๊ฐ€
15:33
surpassed fossils.
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ํ™”์„ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ถ”์›”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:35
The gap has been growing ever since.
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๊ทธ ์ฐจ์ด๋Š” ์ ์  ๋” ์ปค์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:37
The projections for the future are even more dramatic,
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๋น„๋ก ํ™”์„ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜
15:40
even though fossil energy is now still subsidized
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40๋ฐฐ์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณด์กฐ๊ธˆ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
15:44
at a rate 40 times larger than renewables.
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ํ–ฅํ›„์˜ ์ „๋ง์€ ๋”์šฑ ์ธ์ƒ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:47
And by the way, if you add the projections for nuclear on here,
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ํŠนํžˆ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋” ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ณ ,
15:51
particularly if you assume that the work many are doing
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๋‚ฉ๋“ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ €๋ ดํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ํ•ต์„
15:54
to try to break through to safer and more acceptable,
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์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋“ค์ด๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
15:57
more affordable forms of nuclear,
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ํ•ต ๋ฐœ์ „์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ „๋ง๊นŒ์ง€ ๋”ํ•ด์ง€๋ฉด
15:58
this could change even more dramatically.
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๊ทน์ ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:01
So is there any precedent for such a rapid adoption
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„
16:04
of a new technology?
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๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํžˆ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์˜€๋˜ ์ „๋ก€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
16:06
Well, there are many, but let's look at cell phones.
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ํœด๋Œ€ ์ „ํ™”๋งŒ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋„๋ก ํ•ฉ์‹œ๋‹ค.
16:09
In 1980, AT&T, then Ma Bell,
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1980๋…„์— AT&T, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  Ma Bell์‚ฌ๋Š”
16:12
commissioned McKinsey to do a global market survey
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๋งฅํ‚จ์ง€์— ๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ์— ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚œ ํˆฌ๋ฐ•ํ•œ ํœด๋Œ€ ์ „ํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
16:14
of those clunky new mobile phones that appeared then.
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ์‹œ์žฅ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ขฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:18
"How many can we sell by the year 2000?" they asked.
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"2000๋…„๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ๋‚˜ ํŒ” ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜?" ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:21
McKinsey came back and said, "900,000."
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๋งฅํ‚จ์ง€๋Š” "90๋งŒ ๋Œ€"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋‹ตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:24
And sure enough, when the year 2000 arrived,
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ํ™•์‹คํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„ 2000๋…„์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
16:26
they did sell 900,000 -- in the first three days.
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90๋งŒ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ํŒ”๋ฆฌ๊ธด ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ 3์ผ ๋งŒ์—์š”.
16:29
And for the balance of the year, they sold 120 times more.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  1๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ์—๋Š” 120๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ๋” ํŒ”์•˜์ฃ .
16:33
And now there are more cell connections than there are people in the world.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ˜„์žฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋ณด๋‹ค ํœด๋Œ€ ์ „ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:37
So, why were they not only wrong, but way wrong?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ํ‹€๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ๊นŒ์ง€ ์‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ‹€๋ ธ์„๊นŒ์š”?
16:41
I've asked that question myself, "Why?"
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์ œ ์ž์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ๊ทธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•ด๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์™œ?"
16:44
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
16:45
And I think the answer is in three parts.
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ๋‹ต์€ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:48
First, the cost came down much faster than anybody expected,
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š”, ์งˆ๋„ ์ข‹์•„์กŒ๋Š”๋ฐ,
16:51
even as the quality went up.
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๋น„์šฉ์ด ์˜ˆ์ƒํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋–จ์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:54
And low-income countries, places that did not have a landline grid --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „ํ™”์„ ์ด ์—†๋˜ ์ €์†Œ๋“ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€
16:58
they leap-frogged to the new technology.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ ๋›ฐ์–ด ๋„˜์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:00
The big expansion has been in the developing counties.
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๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์—์„œ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ํ™•์žฅ๋˜์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:03
So what about the electricity grids in the developing world?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์ „๊ธฐ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์€ ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
17:07
Well, not so hot.
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ํฌ์ง„ ์•Š๋„ค์š”.
17:09
And in many areas, they don't exist.
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๋งŽ์€ ์ง€์—ญ์ด ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:11
There are more people without any electricity at all in India
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์ธ๋„์—์„œ ์ „๊ธฐ ์—†์ด ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
17:14
than the entire population of the United States of America.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ „์ฒด ์ธ๊ตฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:17
So now we're getting this:
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ƒ๊ธด ๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:19
solar panels on grass huts
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์ดˆ๊ฐ€์ง‘ ์œ„์˜ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ํŒจ๋„,
17:21
and new business models that make it affordable.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋งž์ถ”๋Š” ์‚ฌ์—…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:24
Muhammad Yunus financed this one in Bangladesh with micro-credit.
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๋ฌดํ•˜๋งˆ๋“œ ์œ ๋ˆ„์Šค๋Š” ๋ฌด๋‹ด๋ณด ์†Œ์•ก๋Œ€์ถœ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ž๊ธˆ์„ ๋นŒ๋ ค์คฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:29
This is a village market.
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๋งˆ์„ ์‹œ์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:30
Bangladesh is now the fastest-deploying country in the world:
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์ง€๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํผ์ง€๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ฐฉ๊ธ€๋ผ๋ฐ์‹œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:33
two systems per minute on average, night and day.
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ํ‰๊ท ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งค๋ถ„ 2๊ฐœ์˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ๋ฐค๋‚ฎ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ”๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:36
And we have all we need:
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ–์ถฐ์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:37
enough energy from the Sun comes to the earth
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1๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
17:39
every hour to supply the full world's energy needs for an entire year.
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ํƒœ์–‘ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋งค ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ง€๊ตฌ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:45
It's actually a little bit less than an hour.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š” 1์‹œ๊ฐ„๋„ ์•ˆ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
17:47
So the answer to the second question, "Can we change?"
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์ฆ‰, "์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€?"๋ผ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์€
17:50
is clearly "Yes."
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๋ช…๋ฐฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ "๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค"์ด์ฃ .
17:52
And it's an ever-firmer "yes."
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๊ทธ ์–ด๋Š ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ํ™•์‹คํ•˜๊ฒŒ "๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค"๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:55
Last question, "Will we change?"
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ• ๊นŒ?"
17:58
Paris really was a breakthrough,
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ํŒŒ๋ฆฌ ํ˜‘์ •์€ ํš๊ธฐ์ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:00
some of the provisions are binding
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์–ด๋–ค ์กฐํ•ญ์€ ๊ตฌ์†๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ ,
18:01
and the regular reviews will matter a lot.
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์ •๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:03
But nations aren't waiting, they're going ahead.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์€ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์•ž์„œ๋‚˜๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:06
China has already announced that starting next year,
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์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ๋‚ด๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ „๊ตญ์ ์ธ ์ œํ•œ๊ณผ
18:08
they're adopting a nationwide cap and trade system.
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๊ฑฐ๋ž˜ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฐœํ‘œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:11
They will likely link up with the European Union.
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EU์™€ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:14
The United States has already been changing.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:17
All of these coal plants were proposed
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์ง€๋‚œ 10๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ œ์•ˆ๋˜์—ˆ๋˜
18:19
in the next 10 years and canceled.
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ํ™”์„ ๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ๋“ค์€ ์ทจ์†Œ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:21
All of these existing coal plants were retired.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ˜„์žฌ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ๋„ ์€ํ‡ดํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:24
All of these coal plants have had their retirement announced.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ๋“ค์€ ์€ํ‡ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:27
All of them -- canceled.
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์ด ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:30
We are moving forward.
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:31
Last year -- if you look at all of the investment
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์ง€๋‚œํ•ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐœ์ „์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
18:34
in new electricity generation in the United States,
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ํˆฌ์ž ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ฑฐ์˜ 4๋ถ„์˜ 3์ด
18:37
almost three-quarters was from renewable energy,
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๋ฐ”๋žŒ๊ณผ ํƒœ์–‘์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ
18:39
mostly wind and solar.
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์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์— ํˆฌ์ž๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:42
We are solving this crisis.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ—ค์ณ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:45
The only question is: how long will it take to get there?
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๊ฑธ๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ƒ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
18:50
So, it matters that a lot of people are organizing
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
18:55
to insist on this change.
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ์ธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:57
Almost 400,000 people marched in New York City
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UN์˜ ํŠน๋ณ„ ํšŒ์˜ ์ „ ๋‰ด์š• ์‹œ๋‚ด์—์„œ
19:01
before the UN special session on this.
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40๋งŒ ๋ช…์ด ๋ชจ์—ฌ์„œ ํ–‰์ง„์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:04
Many thousands, tens of thousands,
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ฐ ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ
19:06
marched in cities around the world.
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์ˆ˜์ฒœ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜๋งŒ๋ช…์ด ํ–‰์ง„์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:08
And so, I am extremely optimistic.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ๋‚™๊ด€์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:13
As I said before, we are going to win this.
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์•ž์„œ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์Ÿ์ทจํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:15
I'll finish with this story.
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์ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋งˆ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:18
When I was 13 years old,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ 13์‚ด ์ด์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
19:20
I heard that proposal by President Kennedy
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์ผ€๋„ค๋”” ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ด 10๋…„ ๋’ค์— ๋‹ฌ์— ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ณ ,
19:24
to land a person on the Moon and bring him back safely
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๋ฌด์‚ฌํžˆ ๊ท€ํ™˜์‹œํ‚ค๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•œ ๋ง์„ ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:26
in 10 years.
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19:28
And I heard adults of that day and time say,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ด๋ฅธ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋“ค์—ˆ์ฃ .
19:31
"That's reckless, expensive, may well fail."
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"๋ฌด๋ชจํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ˆ๋„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ค๊ณ  ์•„๋งˆ ์‹คํŒจํ• ๊ฑฐ์•ผ."
19:34
But eight years and two months later,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 8๋…„ 2๊ฐœ์›” ํ›„
19:36
in the moment that Neil Armstrong set foot on the Moon,
390
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๋‹ ์•”์ŠคํŠธ๋กฑ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ด ๋‹ฌ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์— ๋‹ฟ์„ ๋•Œ,
19:40
there was great cheer that went up in NASA's mission control in Houston.
391
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ํœด์Šคํ„ด NASA์˜ ํ†ต์ œ์‹ค์—์„œ๋Š” ํฐ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์šธ๋ คํผ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:44
Here's a little-known fact about that:
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๋„๋ฆฌ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง€์ง„ ์•Š์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:47
the average age of the systems engineers,
393
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2205
๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ ์ œ์–ด์‹ค์— ์žˆ๋˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด์˜ ํ‰๊ท  ๋‚˜์ด๋Š”
19:49
the controllers in the room that day, was 26,
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๋ฐ”๋กœ 26์„ธ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:52
which means, among other things,
395
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์ฆ‰, ๊ทธ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
19:54
their age, when they heard that challenge, was 18.
396
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3250
์ด๋“ค์€ 18์‚ด์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
19:57
We now have a moral challenge
397
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งž์„œ์™”๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๊ด€์Šต์— ๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๋Š”
20:00
that is in the tradition of others that we have faced.
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๋„๋•์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:04
One of the greatest poets of the last century in the US,
399
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์ง€๋‚œ ์„ธ๊ธฐ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‹œ์ธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ
20:07
Wallace Stevens,
400
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์›”๋ผ์Šค ์Šคํ‹ฐ๋ธ์Šค์˜
20:09
wrote a line that has stayed with me:
401
1209304
1818
์‹œ ํ•œ ๊ตฌ์ ˆ์ด ์ œ ๋งˆ์Œ ์†์— ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:11
"After the final 'no,' there comes a 'yes,'
402
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"๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ '๋ฐ˜๋Œ€' ๋‹ค์Œ '์ฐฌ์„ฑ'์ด ์˜จ๋‹ค.
20:13
and on that 'yes', the future world depends."
403
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ '์ฐฌ์„ฑ'์— ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ๋ ค์žˆ๋‹ค."
20:16
When the abolitionists started their movement,
404
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๋…ธ์˜ˆ์ œ ํ์ง€๋ก ์ž๋“ค์ด ์ฒ˜์Œ ์šด๋™์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
20:18
they met with no after no after no.
405
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2207
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์— ๋ถ€๋”ชํ˜”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:21
And then came a yes.
406
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ์ด๋ค„๋ƒˆ์ฃ .
20:22
The Women's Suffrage and Women's Rights Movement
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์—ฌ์„ฑ ์ฐธ์ •๊ถŒ๊ณผ ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์ธ๊ถŒ ์šด๋™ ๋˜ํ•œ
20:24
met endless no's, until finally, there was a yes.
408
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๋์—†๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ์ฐฌ์„ฑ์„ ์ด๋Œ์–ด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:28
The Civil Rights Movement, the movement against apartheid,
409
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2771
๊ณต๋ฏผ๊ถŒ ์šด๋™, ์ธ์ข…๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์ •์ฑ…,
20:31
and more recently, the movement for gay and lesbian rights
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ
20:34
here in the United States and elsewhere.
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์„ฑ ์†Œ์ˆ˜์ž์˜ ์ธ๊ถŒ ์šด๋™ ์—ญ์‹œ
20:37
After the final "no" comes a "yes."
412
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ "๋ฐ˜๋Œ€" ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‚˜์„œ "์ฐฌ์„ฑ"์ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:39
When any great moral challenge is ultimately resolved
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๊ทธ ์–ด๋–ค ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๋„๋•์  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ผ๋„
20:44
into a binary choice between what is right and what is wrong,
414
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์˜ณ์€ ์ผ๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋ฅธ ์ผ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ถ„๋ฒ•์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ ์ง„๋‹ค๋ฉด
20:48
the outcome is fore-ordained because of who we are as human beings.
415
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ป”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:52
Ninety-nine percent of us, that is where we are now
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99%์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ™์ด ํ•˜๊ณ ,
20:56
and it is why we're going to win this.
417
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ์— ์ด๋ค„๋‚ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
20:59
We have everything we need.
418
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:01
Some still doubt that we have the will to act,
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์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์‹คํ–‰ ์˜์ง€๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์˜์‹ฌํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
21:04
but I say the will to act is itself a renewable resource.
420
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์ €๋Š” ์‹คํ–‰ ์˜์ง€๋Š” ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:09
Thank you very much.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
21:10
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
21:47
Chris Anderson: You've got this incredible combination of skills.
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์•ค๋”์Šจ: ์•„์ฃผ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์ง€๋‹ˆ์…จ๋„ค์š”.
21:50
You've got this scientist mind that can understand
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ „์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š”
21:53
the full range of issues,
425
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๊ณผํ•™์ž์˜ ๋ˆˆ๊ณผ
21:55
and the ability to turn it into the most vivid language.
426
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์ด๋ฅผ ์•„์ฃผ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹œ๋„ค์š”.
21:59
No one else can do that, that's why you led this thing.
427
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์•„๋ฌด๋‚˜ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ ๊ฑฐ์—์š”. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๋ฅผ ์ด๋„์‹ ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹๊นŒ ํ•˜๋„ค์š”.
22:02
It was amazing to see it 10 years ago, it was amazing to see it now.
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10๋…„ ์ „์—๋„, ์ง€๊ธˆ๋„ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ต‰์žฅํ•˜์‹œ๋„ค์š”.
22:05
Al Gore: Well, you're nice to say that, Chris.
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์•Œ ๊ณ ์–ด: ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ด์ค˜์„œ ๊ณ ๋งˆ์›Œ์š” ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค.
22:08
But honestly, I have a lot of really good friends
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๊ทผ๋ฐ ์†”์งํžˆ ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด
22:11
in the scientific community who are incredibly patient
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๊ณผํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ์ข‹์€ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ๋งŽ์•„์š”.
22:14
and who will sit there and explain this stuff to me
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„์ฃผ ์ธ๋‚ด์‹ฌ๋„ ๋งŽ์•„์„œ
22:17
over and over and over again
433
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์ œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฑธ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ
22:19
until I can get it into simple enough language
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๋งŒํผ
22:22
that I can understand it.
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์‰ฌ์šด ๋ง๋กœ ํ’€์–ด๋‚ด์ฃผ์ฃ .
22:23
And that's the key to trying to communicate.
436
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
22:27
CA: So, your talk. First part: terrifying,
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค: ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ ๋ง์ธ๋ฐ์š”, ์ฒ˜์Œ์—” ๋ฌด์„œ์› ๋Š”๋ฐ
22:31
second part: incredibly hopeful.
438
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ํ›„๋ฐ˜๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ํฌ๋ง์ ์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
22:33
How do we know that all those graphs, all that progress, is enough
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๊ทธ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์™€ ์ง„ํ–‰์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์ „๋ฐ˜๋ถ€์— ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์‹  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„
22:39
to solve what you showed in the first part?
440
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ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•ด์ค„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ž€ ๊ฑธ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์•„์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
22:41
AG: I think that the crossing --
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์•Œ: ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ
22:45
you know, I've only been in the business world for 15 years.
442
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์ด ๋ถ„์•ผ์— 15๋…„ ์ •๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ž–์•„์š”.
22:48
But one of the things I've learned is that apparently it matters
443
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์€ ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€
22:51
if a new product or service is more expensive
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ œํ’ˆ์ด๋‚˜ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๊ฐ€
22:54
than the incumbent, or cheaper than.
445
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๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋น„์‹ธ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‹ธ๋ฉด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
22:57
Turns out, it makes a difference if it's cheaper than.
446
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๋” ์ €๋ ดํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ์ฃ .
22:59
(Laughter)
447
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
23:00
And when it crosses that line,
448
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์„ ์„ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ๋ฉด
23:03
then a lot of things really change.
449
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์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์š”.
23:05
We are regularly surprised by these developments.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐœ์ „์— ์ž์ฃผ ๋†€๋ผ์š”.
23:08
The late Rudi Dornbusch, the great economist said,
451
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์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ž์ธ ๋ฃจ๋”” ๋ˆ๋ถ€์‰ฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ง์„ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
23:11
"Things take longer to happen then you think they will,
452
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"๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์—๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ์˜ค๋žœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ,
23:13
and then they happen much faster than you thought they could."
453
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์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค."
23:16
I really think that's where we are.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์š”.
23:18
Some people are using the phrase "The Solar Singularity" now,
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์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ "ํƒœ์–‘ ๋ฐœ์ „ ํŠน์ด์ "์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง์„ ์“ฐ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
23:22
meaning when it gets below the grid parity,
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์žฅ์†Œ์—์„œ ์ง€์›์„ ๋ชป๋ฐ›์ง€๋งŒ
23:25
unsubsidized in most places,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ํŒจ๋ฆฌํ‹ฐ ์•„๋ž˜๋กœ ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๋ฉด
23:27
then it's the default choice.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์„ ํƒ์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง์ด์—์š”.
23:29
Now, in one of the presentations yesterday, the jitney thing,
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์–ด์ œ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๋ฐœํ‘œ ์ค‘์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ์ง€ํŠธ๋‹ˆ(jitney) ๋ง์ธ๋ฐ์š”,
23:35
there is an effort to use regulations to slow this down.
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์ด๋ฅผ ๋Šฆ์ถ”๋ ค๊ณ  ๋ฒ•์•ˆ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐœ์˜ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
23:40
And I just don't think it's going to work.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง„ ์•Š์•„์š”.
23:44
There's a woman in Atlanta, Debbie Dooley,
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์• ํ‹€๋žœํƒ€ ํ‹ฐํŒŒํ‹ฐ ์˜์žฅ์ธ
23:47
who's the Chairman of the Atlanta Tea Party.
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๋ฐ๋น„ ๋‘˜๋ฆฌ๋ผ๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
23:49
They enlisted her in this effort to put a tax
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์˜ ์ผํ™˜์œผ๋กœ ํƒœ์–‘ ํŒจ๋„์— ์„ธ๊ธˆ์„ ๋ถ€๊ณผํ•˜๊ณ 
23:51
on solar panels and regulations.
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๊ทœ์ œํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  ํ† ๋ก ์— ๋‚ด๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
23:53
And she had just put solar panels on her roof
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์‚ด๋˜ ์ง‘ ์ง€๋ถ•์— ๋ง‰ ํƒœ์–‘ ํŒจ๋„์„ ๋ถ€์ฐฉํ–ˆ๊ธฐ์—
23:55
and she didn't understand the request.
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์ด ๋ถ€ํƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์ฃ .
23:57
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
23:59
And so she went and formed an alliance with the Sierra Club
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์‹œ์—๋ผ ํด๋Ÿฝ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜
24:02
and they formed a new organization called the Green Tea Party.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฐํ‹ฐํŒŒํ‹ฐ๋ผ๋Š” ์กฐ์ง์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:06
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
24:07
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
24:08
And they defeated the proposal.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ œ์•ˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ์ ˆํ–ˆ์ฃ .
24:10
So, finally, the answer to your question is,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋์œผ๋กœ, ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ต์„ ํ•˜์ž๋ฉด,
24:13
this sounds a little corny and maybe it's a clichรฉ,
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์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์‹œ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ์ง„๋ถ€ํ• ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ
24:16
but 10 years ago -- and Christiana referred to this --
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10๋…„ ์ „์—, ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šคํ‹ฐ๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๊ธธ,
24:20
there are people in this audience who played an incredibly significant role
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ณ„์‹  ๋ถ„๋“ค ์ค‘์— ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธ‰์ˆ˜ ๊ณก์„ ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
24:26
in generating those exponential curves.
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ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ผ์กฐํ•˜์‹  ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
24:29
And it didn't work out economically for some of them,
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งž์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜๋”๋ผ๋„
24:31
but it kick-started this global revolution.
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์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ํ˜๋ช…์„ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ผ์œผ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:34
And what people in this audience do now
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์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๊ณ„์‹  ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ค„๋‚ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•„์…จ์œผ๋‹ˆ
24:38
with the knowledge that we are going to win this.
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์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์„ ํ•˜์‹ค๊นŒ์š”?
24:41
But it matters a lot how fast we win it.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ค„๋‚ผ ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€๊ฐ€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:45
CA: Al Gore, that was incredibly powerful.
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค: ์•„์ฃผ ํž˜์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
24:47
If this turns out to be the year,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์˜ฌํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹ ๋Œ€๋กœ
24:49
that the partisan thing changes,
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์ •์น˜์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๋Š” ๊ทธ ํ•ด๋ผ๋ฉด,
24:52
as you said, it's no longer a partisan issue,
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์ด๊ฑด ๋”์ด์ƒ ์ •์น˜์ ์ธ ์ด์Šˆ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
24:55
but you bring along people from the other side together,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณผํ•™๊ณผ, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํˆฌ์ž ๊ธฐํšŒ์™€
24:59
backed by science, backed by these kinds of investment opportunities,
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๊ทธ ๋‚ ์„ ์ด๋ค„๋‚ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋“ค๋กœ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ•˜์—ฌ
25:03
backed by reason that you win the day --
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ชฝ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ํ•œ๋ฐ ๋ชจ์•˜์–ด์š”.
25:05
boy, that's really exciting.
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์ •๋ง ํฅ๋ถ„๋˜๋„ค์š”.
25:07
Thank you so much.
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์ •๋ง ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:08
AG: Thank you so much for bringing me back to TED.
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์•Œ: ๋‹ค์‹œ TED์— ์ดˆ๋Œ€ํ•ด์ค˜์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:11
Thank you!
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
25:12
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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