How college loans exploit students for profit | Sajay Samuel

230,751 views ใƒป 2016-07-02

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Efrat Asulin ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:12
Today 40 million Americans are indebted for their passage to the new economy.
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ื”ื™ื•ื 40 ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืžืขื‘ืจื ืœื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”.
00:20
Too poor to pay their way through college,
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ืขื ื™ื™ื ืžื™ื“ื™ ืœืฉืœื ืืช ื“ืจื›ื ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื,
00:22
they now owe lenders more than one trillion US dollars.
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ื”ื ื›ืขืช ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืœื•ื•ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื˜ืจื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™.
00:27
They do find what jobs they can get
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ื”ื ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ื›ืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ
00:29
to pay off a debt that is secured on their person.
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ืœืฉืœื ื—ื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื‘ื˜ื— ื‘ื’ื•ืคื.
00:33
In America,
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ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”,
00:35
even a bankrupt gambler gets a second chance.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื”ืžืจ ืฉืคืฉื˜ ืจื’ืœ ืžืงื‘ืœ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื”.
00:42
But it is nearly impossible
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™
00:45
for an American to get discharged their student loan debts.
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ืœืืžืจื™ืงื ื™ ืœื”ื™ืคื˜ืจ ืžื—ื•ื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ืืœื™ื™ื.
00:52
Once upon a time in America,
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00:55
going to college did not mean graduating with debt.
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ืœืœื›ืช ืœืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื• ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœืกื™ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื‘.
00:59
My friend Paul's father graduated from Colorado State University
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ืื‘ื ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื™ ืคื•ืœ ืกื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืืจ ื‘ืงื•ืœื•ืจื“ื•
01:04
on the GI Bill.
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ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื—ื•ืง ื”ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ื—ืจืจื™ื.
01:07
For his generation,
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ื‘ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืœื•,
01:09
higher education was free or almost free,
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ื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ื—ื™ื ื, ืื• ื›ืžืขื˜ ื—ื™ื ื.
01:12
because it was thought of as a public good.
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ื›ื™ ื–ื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื›ืœืœ.
01:15
Not anymore.
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ืœื ืขื•ื“.
01:18
When Paul also graduated from Colorado State University,
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ื›ืฉืคื•ืœ ื’ื ืกื™ื™ื ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื˜ื™ืช ืงื•ืœื•ืจื“ื•,
01:22
he paid for his English degree by working part-time.
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ื”ื• ืฉื™ืœื ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืืจ ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื—ืฆื™ ืžืฉืจื”.
01:26
30 years ago,
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ืœืคื ื™ 30 ืฉื ื”,
01:27
higher education tuition was affordable, reasonable,
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ืฉื›ืจ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืœื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉื’ื”, ืกื‘ื™ืจ,
01:30
and what debts you accumulated, you paid off by graduation date.
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ื•ืื™ื–ื” ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืฆื‘ืจืช, ืฉื™ืœืžืช ืขื“ ืชื•ื ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื.
01:33
Not anymore.
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ืœื ืขื•ื“.
01:35
Paul's daughter followed in his footsteps,
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ื‘ื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ืคื•ืœ ื”ืœื›ื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืชื™ื•,
01:39
but with one difference:
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ืื—ื“:
01:40
when she graduated five years ago,
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ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืกื™ื™ืžื” ืœืคื ื™ 5 ืฉื ื™ื,
01:43
it was with a whopping debt.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืขื ื—ื•ื‘ ืขืฆื•ื.
01:45
Students like Kate have to take on a loan
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ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืงื—ืช ื”ืœื•ื•ืื”
01:48
because the cost of higher education has become unaffordable
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ื›ื™ ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืคื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ื™ืชื ืช ืœื”ืฉื’ื”
01:51
for many if not most American families.
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ืœื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืœื ืœืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื”ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™ื•ืช.
01:56
But so what?
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ืื‘ืœ ืื– ืœืžื”?
01:58
Getting into debt to buy an expensive education
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ืœื”ื›ื ืก ืœื—ื•ื‘ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื™ืงืจื”
02:00
is not all bad if you could pay it off
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ื–ื” ืœื ืจืข ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืื ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ
02:03
with the increased income that you earned from it.
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ืขื ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืžื•ื’ื“ืœืช ืฉื”ืจื•ื•ื—ืช ืžื–ื”.
02:07
But that's where the rubber meets the road.
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ืื‘ืœ ืคื” ืงื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื›ืœื‘.
02:11
Even a college grad earned 10 percent more in 2001
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ื‘ืขืœืช ืชื•ืืจ ื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื” 10 ืื—ื•ื– ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘2001
02:17
than she did in 2013.
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ืžื–ื” ืฉื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื” ื‘2013.
02:19
So ...
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ืื– ...
02:21
tuition costs up,
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ืฉื›ืจ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืขื•ืœื”,
02:23
public funding down,
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ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื™ื•ืจื“,
02:25
family incomes diminished,
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ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ื•ืช ืคื•ื—ืชื•ืช,
02:27
personal incomes weak.
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ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ื—ืœืฉื•ืช.
02:30
Is it any wonder that more than a quarter of those who must
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ืžืชืคืœืื™ื ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืจื‘ืข ืžืžื™ ืฉื—ื™ื™ื‘
02:34
cannot make their student loan payments?
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ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืœื ืืช ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ืืœื™ืช?
02:38
The worst of times can be the best of times,
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ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื’ืจื•ืขื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื,
02:41
because certain truths flash up in ways that you can't ignore.
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ื›ื™ ืืžื™ืชื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช ืฆืฆื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชืขืœื.
02:46
I want to speak of three of them today.
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžื”ื ื”ื™ื•ื.
02:49
1.2 trillion dollars of debts for diplomas
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1.2 ื˜ืจื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื‘ ืœืชืขื•ื“ื•ืช
02:53
make it abundantly obvious
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ืžื‘ื”ื™ืจื™ื
02:55
that higher education is a consumer product you can buy.
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ืฉื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืฆืจ ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ.
03:00
All of us talk about education just as the economists do now,
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ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื›ืœื›ืœื ื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื•,
03:05
as an investment that you make to improve the human stock
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ื›ื”ืฉืงืขื” ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ืžื ื™ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช
03:09
by training them for work.
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ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืื™ืžื•ืŸ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
03:11
As an investment you make to sort and classify people
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ื›ื”ืฉืงืขื” ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœืžื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืœืกื•ื•ื’ ืื ืฉื™ื
03:16
so that employers can hire them more easily.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืžืขืกื™ืงื™ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืขืกื™ืง ืื•ืชื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืงืœื•ืช.
03:20
The U.S. News & World Report ranks colleges
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ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืืจื”"ื‘ ื•ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžื“ื•ื•ื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ื™ ืžื›ืœืœื•ืช
03:23
just as the consumer report rates washing machines.
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ืฉืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ืžื“ืจื’ื™ื ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื›ื‘ื™ืกื”.
03:27
The language is peppered with barbarisms.
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ื”ืฉืคื” ืžืชื•ื‘ืœืช ื‘ื‘ืจื‘ืจื™ื•ืช.
03:30
Teachers are called "service providers,"
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ืžื•ืจื™ื ื ืงืจืื™ื "ื ื•ืชื ื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช,"
03:34
students are called "consumers."
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ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ื ืงืจืื™ื "ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื."
03:37
Sociology and Shakespeare and soccer and science,
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ืกื•ืฆื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื•ืฉื™ื™ืงืกืคื™ืจ ื•ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ ื•ืžื“ืข,
03:41
all of these are "content."
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ื›ืœ ืืœื” ื”ื "ืชื•ื›ืŸ."
03:45
Student debt is profitable.
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ื—ื•ื‘ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ ื”ื•ื ืจื•ื•ื—ื™.
03:46
Only not on you.
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ืจืง ืœื ืœืš.
03:49
Your debt fattens the profit of the student loan industry.
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ื”ื—ื•ื‘ ืฉืœืš ืžืฉืžื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืจื•ื•ื— ืฉืœ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ืœืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื.
03:54
The two 800-pound gorillas of which --
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ืฉืชื™ ื”ื’ื•ืจื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืงืœ 363 ืงื™ืœื• ืฉ --
03:56
Sallie Mae and Navient --
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ืกืืœื™ ืžืื™ ื•ื ื•ื•ื™ืื ื˜ --
03:58
posted last year a combined profit of 1.2 billion dollars.
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ื“ื•ื•ื—ื• ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื” ืขืœ ืจื•ื•ื— ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืฉืœ 1.2 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ.
04:04
And just like home mortgages,
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ื•ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช,
04:07
student loans can be bundled and packaged and sliced and diced,
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ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืชืงื‘ืฅ ื•ืœื”ื™ืืจื– ื•ืœื”ื—ืชืš ื•ืœื”ืฆื˜ืžืฆื,
04:10
and sold on Wall Street.
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ื•ืœื”ื™ืžื›ืจ ื‘ื•ื•ืœ ืกื˜ืจื™ื˜,
04:12
And colleges and universities
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ื•ืžื›ืœืœื•ืช ื•ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืื•ืช
04:13
that invest in these securitized loans
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ืฉืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ื‘ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืช
04:18
profit twice.
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ืžืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื•ืช ืคืขืžื™ื™ื.
04:19
Once from your tuition,
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ืคืขื ืื—ืช ืžืฉื›ืจ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“,
04:21
and then again from the interest on debt.
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ื•ืื– ืžื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ื‘.
04:25
With all that money to be made,
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ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืฉื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช,
04:27
are we surprised that some in the higher education business
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ืคืชืขื™ื ืฉื—ืœืง ืžืขืกืง ื”ื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”
04:33
have begun to engage in false advertising,
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ื”ื—ืœื• ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืคืจืกื•ื ืฉืงืจื™,
04:35
in bait and switch ...
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ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื™ ื•ื”ื—ืœืคื” ...
04:38
in exploiting the very ignorance that they pretend to educate?
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ื‘ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื”ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“?
04:44
Third:
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ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช:
04:45
diplomas are a brand.
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ืชืขื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืžื•ืชื’.
04:47
Many years ago my teacher wrote,
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื•ืจื” ืฉืœื™ ื›ืชื‘,
04:50
"When students are treated as consumers,
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"ื›ืฉืืœ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื›ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื,
04:52
they're made prisoners of addiction and envy."
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ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืœืืกื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชืžื›ืจื•ืช ื•ืงื ืื”."
04:59
Just as consumers can be sold and resold upgraded versions of an iPhone,
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ื›ืžื• ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ื•ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืœืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ื’ืจืกืื•ืช ืžืฉื•ื“ืจื’ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื™ื™ืคื•ืŸ,
05:04
so also people can be sold more and more education.
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš.
05:08
College is the new high school,
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ืžื›ืœืœื” ื–ื” ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ,
05:10
we already say that.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืืช ื–ื”.
05:13
But why stop there?
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžื” ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืฉื?
05:14
People can be upsold on certifications and recertifications,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืžื›ืจ ื‘ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืกืžื›ื•ืช,
05:18
master's degrees, doctoral degrees.
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ืชื•ืืจ ืฉื ื™, ื“ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจื ื˜ื™ื.
05:23
Higher education is also marketed as a status object.
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ื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื’ื ืžืฉื•ื•ืงืช ื›ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืกื˜ื˜ื•ืก.
05:28
Buy a degree,
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ืงื ื” ืชื•ืืจ,
05:29
much like you do a Lexus of a Louis Vuitton bag,
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ื›ืžื• ืฉืืชื” ืงื•ื ื” ืœืงืกื•ืก ืื• ืชื™ืง ืฉืœ ืœื•ืื™ ื•ื™ื˜ื•ืŸ,
05:33
to distinguish yourself from others.
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ืœื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœ ืขืฆืžืš ืžืื—ืจื™ื.
05:34
So you can be the object of envy of others.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืฉื ืœืงื ืืช ืื—ืจื™ื.
05:38
Diplomas are a brand.
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ื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื ืžื•ืชื’.
05:41
But these truths are often times hidden by a very noisy sales pitch.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืืžื™ืชื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื ื—ื‘ืื•ืช ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื ืื•ื ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืจื•ืขืฉ.
05:48
There is not a day that goes by
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ืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ื ืฉืขื•ื‘ืจ
05:50
without some policy guy on television telling us,
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ืžื‘ืœื™ ืฉืื™ืฉ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ืœื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ื™ืืžืจ ืœื ื•,
05:55
"A college degree is absolutely essential
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"ืชื•ืืจ ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ
05:57
to get on that up escalator to a middle-class life."
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื˜ืคืก ืžืขืœื” ืืœ ื—ื™ื™ ืžืขืžื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื."
06:00
And the usual evidence offered is the college premium:
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ื•ื”ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ื”ืžื•ืฆืขืช ื‘ื“"ื› ื”ื™ื ืคืจืžื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื›ืœืœื”:
06:04
a college grad who makes on average 56 percent more than a high school grad.
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ื‘ื•ื’ืจ ืชื•ืืจ ืฉืžืจื•ื•ื™ื— ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข 56 ืื—ื•ื– ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจ ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ.
06:10
Let's look at that number more carefully,
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ื‘ื•ื ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื–ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืงืจื•ื‘,
06:12
because on the face of it,
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ื›ื™ ืขืœ ืคื ื™ื•,
06:13
it seems to belie the stories we all hear
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ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ืฉืžืขื ื•
06:17
about college grads working as baristas and cashiers.
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ืขืœ ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ ืชื•ืืจ ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื›ืžืœืฆืจื™ื ื•ืงื•ืคืื™ื.
06:22
Of 100 people who enroll in any form of post-secondary education,
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ืžืžืื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ืจืฉืžื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืฆื•ืจื” ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืฉื ื™ื•ื ื™ื-ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื,
06:27
45 do not complete it in a timely fashion,
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45 ืœื ืžืกื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืจืฆื•ื™,
06:30
for a number of reasons, including financial.
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ืžืžืกืคืจ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช, ืœื”ื›ืœื™ืœ ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ื•ืช.
06:34
Of the 55 that do graduate,
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ืž55 ืฉื›ืŸ ืžืกื™ื™ืžื™ื,
06:36
two will remain unemployed,
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2 ื™ืฉืืจื• ื‘ืœื™ ืชืขืกื•ืงื”,
06:38
and another 18 are underemployed.
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ื•18 ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืžื•ืขืกืงื™ื ื‘ืชืช ืชื ืื™ื.
06:42
So, college grads earn more than high school grads,
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ืื–, ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ ืชื•ืืจ ืžืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ,
06:45
but does it pay for the exorbitant tuition
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ืืš ื”ืื ื–ื” ืžืฉืœื ืขืœ ืฉื›ืจ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืžื•ืคืงืข
06:48
and the lost wages while at college?
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ื•ื”ืžืฉื›ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืื‘ื“ื• ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืœืžื•ื“ื™ื?
06:51
Now even economists admit
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ืœื›ืœื ื™ื ืžื•ื“ื™ื
06:54
going to college pays off for only those who complete it.
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ืœืœื›ืช ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ืžื›ืœืœื” ืžืฉืชืœื ืœืืœื” ื”ืžืฉืœื™ืžื™ื ืื•ืชื”.
07:00
But that's only because high school wages have been cut to the bone,
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืจืง ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืžืฉื›ื•ืจื•ืช ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื ื—ืชื›ื• ืขื“ ืœืขืฆื,
07:04
for decades now.
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
07:07
For decades,
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื,
07:09
workers with a high school degree
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ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขื ืชืขื•ื“ืช ื‘ื’ืจื•ืช
07:11
have been denied a fair share of what they have produced.
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ื ื—ืกืš ื—ืœืง ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืžืžื” ืฉื”ื ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื.
07:16
And had they received as they should have,
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ื•ืื ื•ื›ืฉื™ืงื‘ืœื• ื›ืžื• ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ,
07:19
then going to college would have been a bad investment for many.
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ืื– ืœืœื›ืช ืœืžื›ืœืœื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืฉืงืขื” ืจืขื” ืœืจื‘ื™ื.
07:23
College premium?
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ืคืจืžื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื›ืœืœื”?
07:25
I think it's a high school discount.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ื”ื ื—ื” ื‘ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ.
07:28
Two out of three people who enroll are not going to find an adequate job.
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2 ืžืชื•ืš 3 ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ืจืฉืžื• ืœื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื•ืœืžืช.
07:33
And the future, for them, doesn't look particularly promising --
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ื•ื”ืขืชื™ื“, ืขื‘ื•ืจื, ืœื ื ืจืื” ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ --
07:36
in fact, it's downright bleak.
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืžืžืฉ ืขื’ื•ื.
07:38
And it is they who are going to suffer
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ื•ื”ื ืืœื• ืฉื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืกื‘ื•ืœ
07:42
the most punishing forms of student debt.
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ืžื”ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืขื ื™ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื‘ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ืืœื™.
07:46
And it is they,
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ื•ื”ื ืืœื•,
07:47
curiously and sadly,
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ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืกืงืจื ืช ื•ืขืฆื•ื‘ื”,
07:48
who are marketed most loudly about this college premium thing.
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ืฉืœื”ื ืžืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ืงื•ืœื ื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจ ืคืจืžื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื›ืœืœื”.
07:53
That's not just cynical marketing,
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ื–ืืช ืœื ืจืง ืฆื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ื•ื•ืงื™ืช,
07:56
that's cruel.
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ื–ื” ืื›ื–ืจื™.
07:59
So what do we do?
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ืื– ืžื” ืขื•ืฉื™ื?
08:01
What if students and parents treated higher education as a consumer product?
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ืžื” ืื ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ื•ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื• ืืœ ื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื›ืžื•ืฆืจ ืฆืจื›ื ื™?
08:08
Everybody else seems to.
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ื ืจืื” ืฉื›ื•ืœื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช.
08:10
Then, like any other consumer product,
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ืื–, ื›ืžื• ื›ืœ ืžื•ืฆืจ ืฆืจื›ื ื™ ืื—ืจ,
08:12
you would demand to know what you're paying for.
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ื”ื™ื™ืช ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืœื“ืขืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื” ืืชื” ืžืฉืœื.
08:15
When you buy medicines,
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ื›ืฉืืชื” ืงื•ื ื” ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช,
08:16
you get a list of side effects.
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ืืชื” ืžืงื‘ืœ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ืœื•ื•ืื™.
08:18
When you buy a higher educational product,
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ื›ืฉืืชื” ืงื•ื ื” ืžื•ืฆืจ ื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”,
08:20
you should have a warning label
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ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงื‘ืœ ืชื•ื•ื™ืช ืื–ื”ืจื”
08:22
that allows consumers to choose,
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ืฉืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ,
08:24
make informed choices.
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ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช.
08:26
When you buy a car,
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ื›ืฉืืชื” ืงื•ื ื” ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช,
08:28
it tells you how many miles per gallon to expect.
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœืš ืœื›ืžื” ืœื™ื˜ืจ ืœืง"ืž ืœืฆืคื•ืช.
08:31
Who knows what to expect
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ืžื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื” ืœืฆืคื•ืช
08:32
from a degree say, in Canadian Studies.
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ืžืชื•ืืจ ืœืžืฉืœ, ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืงื ื“ื™ื™ื.
08:36
There is such a thing, by the way.
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ื™ืฉ ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื–ื”, ื“ืจืš ืื’ื‘.
08:40
What if there was an app for that?
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ืžื” ืื ื”ื™ืชื” ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื” ืœื–ื”?
08:46
One that linked up the cost of a major to the expected income.
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ืื—ืช ืฉืงื™ืฉืจื” ืืช ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื”ืชืžื—ื•ืช ืœื”ื›ื ืกื” ืฆืคื•ื™ื”.
08:52
Let's call it Income-Based Tuition or IBT.
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ื‘ื•ื ื ืงืจื ืœื–ื” ืฉื›ืจ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืื• IBT.
08:54
One of you make this.
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ืื—ื“ ืžื›ื ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืืช ื–ื”.
08:56
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
08:57
Discover your reality.
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ื’ืœื• ืืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื.
08:59
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
09:01
There are three advantages,
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ื™ืฉ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช,
09:03
three benefits to Income-Based Tuition.
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ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ืœIBT.
09:07
Any user can figure out
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ื›ืœ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื’ืœื•ืช
09:09
how much money he or she will make from a given college and major.
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ื›ืžื” ื›ืกืฃ ื”ื•ื ืื• ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืžื›ืœืœื” ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช ื•ื”ืชืžื—ื•ืช.
09:13
Such informed users
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ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืžื•ื“ืขื™ื ื›ืืœื”
09:14
are unlikely to fall victim to the huckster's ploy,
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ืœื ื™ื ื˜ื• ืœื™ืคื•ืœ ืงื•ืจื‘ืŸ ืœืชื›ืกื™ืก ืฉืœ ืชื’ืจืŸ,
09:18
to the sales pitch.
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ืœื ืื•ื ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช.
09:19
But also to choose wisely.
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ืืœื ื’ื ื™ื‘ื—ืจื• ื‘ื—ื›ืžื”.
09:21
Why would anybody pay more for college
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ืœืžื” ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื™ืฉืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืžื›ืœืœื”
09:24
than let's say, 15 percent of the additional income they earn?
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ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ื•ื ื ืืžืจ, 15 ืื—ื•ื– ืชื•ืกืคืช ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืฉื™ืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื•?
09:29
There's a second benefit to Income-Based Tuition.
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ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืœIBT.
09:31
By tying the cost to the income,
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืงืฉื™ืจืช ื”ืขืœื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื”,
09:34
college administrators would be forced to manage costs better,
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ืจืืฉื™ ืžื›ืœืœื•ืช ื™ืืœืฆื• ืœื ื”ืœ ืืช ื”ืชืžื—ื•ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
09:39
to find innovative ways to do so.
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ืœื”ืžืฆื™ื ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืŸ.
09:41
For instance,
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ืœืžืฉืœ,
09:42
all of you students here pay roughly the same tuition for every major.
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ื›ืœ ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ื›ืืŸ ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ื‘ื’ืกื•ืช ืขื ืื•ืชื• ืฉื›"ืœ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืชืžื—ื•ืช.
09:47
That is manifestly unfair, and should change.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืคื™ื™ืจ, ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช.
09:52
An engineering student uses more resources
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ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ ืœื”ื ื“ืกื” ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื
09:56
and facilities and labs and faculty
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ื•ืžืชืงื ื™ื ื•ืžืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ื•ืฆื•ื•ืช ืคืงื•ืœื˜ื™
09:58
than a philosophy student.
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ืžืืฉืจ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ ืœืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ื”.
10:01
But the philosophy student, as a consequence,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ ืœืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ื”, ื›ืชื•ืฆืื”,
10:03
is subsidizing the engineering student.
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ืžืกื‘ืกื“ ืืช ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ ืœื”ื ื“ืกื”.
10:06
Who then, by the way, goes on and earns more money.
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ืžื™ ืฉืื–, ื“ืจืš ืื’ื‘, ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื— ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืกืฃ.
10:09
Why should two people buy the same product,
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ืœืžื” ืฉืฉื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืงื•ื ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืžื•ืฆืจ,
10:12
pay the same,
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ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื“ื‘ืจ,
10:13
but one person receive half or a third of the service.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื“ื ืื—ื“ ืžืงื‘ืœ ื—ืฆื™ ืื• ืฉืœื™ืฉ ืžื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช.
10:18
In fact, college grads, some majors,
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ ืชื•ืืจ, ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื”ืชืžื—ื•ื™ื•ืช,
10:22
pay 25 percent of their income servicing their student debt,
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ืžืฉืœืžื™ื 25 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืฉืœื”ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืœื ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ืืœื™,
10:26
while others pay five percent.
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ื›ืฉืื—ืจื™ื ืžืฉืœืžื™ื 5 ืื—ื•ื–.
10:29
That kind if inequity would end when majors are priced more correctly.
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ื›ื–ื” ื—ื•ืกืจ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื™ื’ืžืจ ื›ืฉื”ืชืžื—ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืžื—ืจื•ืช ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
10:35
Now of course, all this data --
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™, ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื” --
10:37
and one of you is going to do this, right?
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ื•ืื—ื“ ืžื›ื ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”, ื›ืŸ?
10:39
All this data has to be well designed,
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ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘,
10:41
maybe audited by public accounting firms
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ืื•ืœื™ ืขืจื•ืš ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืจืื™ื™ืช ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช
10:43
to avoid statistical lies.
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ืœื”ืžื ืข ืžืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื•ืช ืฉืงืจื™ื•ืช.
10:45
We know about statistics, right?
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื”, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
10:48
But be that as it may,
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื™ืš ืฉื™ื”ื™ื”,
10:50
the third and biggest benefit of Income-Based Tuition,
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ื”ื”ื˜ื‘ื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื•ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืฉื›"ืœ ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ื”ื›ื ืกื” (IBT),
10:54
is it would free Americans from the fear and the fact of financial ruin
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ื”ื™ื ืชืฉื—ืจืจ ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™ื ืžื”ืคื—ื“ ื•ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื ื–ืง ื›ืœื›ืœื™
10:59
because they bought a defective product.
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ื›ื™ ื”ื ืงื ื• ืžื•ืฆืจ ื“ืคื•ืง.
11:02
Perhaps, in time,
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ืื•ืœื™, ืขื ื”ื–ืžืŸ,
11:05
young and old Americans may rediscover,
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ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื•ื–ืงื ื™ื ื™ืชื’ืœื• ืžื—ื“ืฉ,
11:07
as the gentleman said earlier,
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ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ืื“ื•ืŸ ืืžืจ ืžืงื•ื“ื,
11:09
their curiosity, their love of learning --
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ืืช ื”ืกืงืจื ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื, ืืช ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ืœืœืžื•ื“ --
11:11
begin to study what they love,
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ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื,
11:13
love what they study,
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ืœืื”ื•ื‘ ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื,
11:14
follow their passion ...
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ืœืœื›ืช ืื—ืจ ื”ืชืฉื•ืงื” ืฉืœื”ื ...
11:16
getting stimulated by their intelligence,
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ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ืฉืจืื” ืžื”ืื™ื ื˜ื™ืœื™ื’ื ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœื”ื
11:19
follow paths of inquiry that they really want to.
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ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉื”ื ื‘ืืžืช ืจื•ืฆื™ื.
11:22
After all, it was Eric and Kevin,
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ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื›ืœ, ื”ื™ื• ืืœื” ืืจื™ืง ื•ืงื•ื•ื™ืŸ,
11:27
two years ago,
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื,
11:29
just exactly these kinds of young men,
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื›ืืœื•,
11:32
who prompted me and worked with me,
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ืฉื ืชืงืœื• ื‘ื™ ื•ืขื‘ื“ื• ืื™ืชื™,
11:35
and still do,
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ,
11:36
in the study of indebted students in America.
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ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ื "ืœ ืฉืœ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”.
11:41
Thank you for your attention.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ืชืฉื•ืžืช ื”ืœื‘.
11:42
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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