How college loans exploit students for profit | Sajay Samuel

229,180 views ・ 2016-07-02

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Seon-Gyu Choi κ²€ν† : Ju Hye Lim
00:12
Today 40 million Americans are indebted for their passage to the new economy.
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  1400만의 미ꡭ인듀이 λ„μ•½μ˜ κΈΈ μœ„μ—μ„œ λΉšμ— μ‹œλ‹¬λ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:20
Too poor to pay their way through college,
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κ°€λ‚œν•΄μ„œ ν•™λΉ„λ₯Ό λ‚Ό 방법이 μ—†λŠ” 이듀이
00:22
they now owe lenders more than one trillion US dollars.
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받은 λŒ€μΆœμ€ 1μ‘° λ‹¬λŸ¬κ°€ λ„˜μ–΄κ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:27
They do find what jobs they can get
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이듀은 진 λΉšμ„ 갚기 μœ„ν•΄
00:29
to pay off a debt that is secured on their person.
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일할 수 μžˆλŠ” 일자리λ₯Ό μ°ΎμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:33
In America,
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λ―Έκ΅­μ—μ„œλŠ”
00:35
even a bankrupt gambler gets a second chance.
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심지어 νŒŒμ‚°ν•œ 도박꾼도 두 번째 기회λ₯Ό μ–»μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:42
But it is nearly impossible
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 미ꡭ인이
00:45
for an American to get discharged their student loan debts.
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ν•™μžκΈˆ λŒ€μΆœμ—μ„œ λ²—μ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” 것은 거의 λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:52
Once upon a time in America,
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μ˜ˆμ „μ— λ―Έκ΅­μ—μ„œλŠ”
00:55
going to college did not mean graduating with debt.
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λŒ€ν•™μ— κ°„λ‹€λŠ” 것이 λΉšμ„ μ•ˆκ³  μ‘Έμ—…ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 뜻이 μ•„λ‹ˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:59
My friend Paul's father graduated from Colorado State University
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제 친ꡬ 폴의 μ΄λ²„μ§€λŠ” μ½œλ‘œλΌλ„ μ£Όλ¦½λŒ€ν•™μ„ μ‘Έμ—…ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:04
on the GI Bill.
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퇴역ꡰ인 μ›ν˜Έλ²•μ„ ν†΅ν•΄μ„œ 말이죠.
01:07
For his generation,
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κ·Έ μ‹œλŒ€μ—λŠ”
01:09
higher education was free or almost free,
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κ³ λ“±κ΅μœ‘μ€ λ¬΄λ£Œμ΄κ±°λ‚˜ 거의 λ¬΄λ£Œμ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:12
because it was thought of as a public good.
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κ³ λ“±κ΅μœ‘μ€ 곡읡을 μœ„ν•œ 것이라 μƒκ°ν–ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
01:15
Not anymore.
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λ”λŠ” 그렇지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:18
When Paul also graduated from Colorado State University,
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폴도 μ½œλ‘œλΌλ„ μ£Όλ¦½λŒ€ν•™μ„ μ‘Έμ—…ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:22
he paid for his English degree by working part-time.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 폴은 μ•„λ₯΄λ°”μ΄νŠΈλ₯Ό ν•΄μ„œ μ˜μ–΄ν•™ ν•™μœ„ ν•™λΉ„λ₯Ό λ§ˆλ ¨ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:26
30 years ago,
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30λ…„ μ „μ—λŠ”
01:27
higher education tuition was affordable, reasonable,
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κ³ λ“±κ΅μœ‘ ν•™λΉ„κ°€ 감당할 수 있고 ν•©λ¦¬μ μ΄μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:30
and what debts you accumulated, you paid off by graduation date.
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그리고 μŒ“μΈ λΉšμ€ μ‘Έμ—… λ•Œ κ°šμ„ 수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:33
Not anymore.
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λ”λŠ” 그렇지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:35
Paul's daughter followed in his footsteps,
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폴의 딸인 μΌ€μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ•„λ²„μ§€μ˜ 발자취λ₯Ό λ”°λΌκ°”μ§€λ§Œ
01:39
but with one difference:
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ν•œ 가지 λ‹€λ₯Έ 점이 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄
01:40
when she graduated five years ago,
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μΌ€μ΄νŠΈκ°€ 5λ…„ 전에 μ‘Έμ—…ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ
01:43
it was with a whopping debt.
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μ—„μ²­λ‚œ 빚이 λ”Έλ €μ™”λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:45
Students like Kate have to take on a loan
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μΌ€μ΄νŠΈκ°™μ€ 학생듀은 λŒ€μΆœμ„ λ°›μ•„μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:48
because the cost of higher education has become unaffordable
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κ³ λ“±κ΅μœ‘ λΉ„μš©μ΄ λŒ€λ‹€μˆ˜μ˜ 미ꡭ인이
01:51
for many if not most American families.
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감당할 수 μ—†κ²Œ λ†’μ•„μ‘ŒκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:56
But so what?
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그러면 뭐 μ–΄λ•Œμš”?
01:58
Getting into debt to buy an expensive education
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λŒ€μΆœλ‘œ 받은 λΉ„μ‹Ό κ΅μœ‘μ„
02:00
is not all bad if you could pay it off
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κ·Έ 덕뢄에 얻은 더 높은 μ—°λ΄‰μœΌλ‘œ κ°šμ„ 수 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄
02:03
with the increased income that you earned from it.
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λ¬Έμ œκ°€ λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:07
But that's where the rubber meets the road.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μ‹œμž‘λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:11
Even a college grad earned 10 percent more in 2001
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μΌ€μ΄νŠΈκ°€ 2013년에 번 μˆ˜μž…λ³΄λ‹€ μ „λ¬ΈλŒ€ 쑸업생이 2001년에 번 μˆ˜μž…μ΄
02:17
than she did in 2013.
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10%λ‚˜ 더 λ†’μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:19
So ...
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆκΉŒ 즉...
02:21
tuition costs up,
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ν•™λΉ„λŠ” μ˜¬λΌκ°€κ³ ,
02:23
public funding down,
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μ •λΆ€ μ§€μ›κΈˆμ€ 쀄어듀고,
02:25
family incomes diminished,
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κ°€μ‘± μ†Œλ“μ€ κ°μ†Œν•˜κ³ ,
02:27
personal incomes weak.
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개인 μ†Œλ“λ„ μ μ–΄μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:30
Is it any wonder that more than a quarter of those who must
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ν•™μžκΈˆ λŒ€μΆœμ„ 받은 μ‚¬λžŒ 쀑에 1/4이상이 ν•™μžκΈˆμ„ λͺ» 갚고 μžˆλŠ” 게
02:34
cannot make their student loan payments?
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μ΄μƒν•œ 일이 μ•„λ‹ˆμ£ ?
02:38
The worst of times can be the best of times,
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μ΅œμ•…μ˜ 상황은 졜고의 상황이 될 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:41
because certain truths flash up in ways that you can't ignore.
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μ–΄λ–€ 진싀듀은 λ¬΄μ‹œν•  수 μ—†λŠ” λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:46
I want to speak of three of them today.
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μ €λŠ” 였늘 κ·Έ 쀑 μ„Έ 가지λ₯Ό μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜λ € ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:49
1.2 trillion dollars of debts for diplomas
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ν•™μœ„λ₯Ό μ–»κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λ‚΄λŠ” 1μ‘° 2μ²œμ–΅ λ‹¬λŸ¬μ˜ λΉšμ€
02:53
make it abundantly obvious
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κ³ λ“±κ΅μœ‘μ΄ 돈 μ£Όκ³  μ‚΄ 수 μžˆλŠ”
02:55
that higher education is a consumer product you can buy.
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μ†ŒλΉ„μž¬λΌλŠ” 것을 λ„ˆλ¬΄λ„ λΆ„λͺ…ν•˜κ²Œ λ“œλŸ¬λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:00
All of us talk about education just as the economists do now,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λͺ¨λ‘ κ΅μœ‘μ„ μž‘κΈˆμ˜ κ²½μ œν•™μžλ“€μ²˜λŸΌ μ–˜κΈ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:05
as an investment that you make to improve the human stock
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직업 ν›ˆλ ¨μ„ ν†΅ν•œ
03:09
by training them for work.
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인적 μžμ›μ— λŒ€ν•œ 투자이고
03:11
As an investment you make to sort and classify people
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κ³ μš©μ£Όκ°€ 더 μ‰½κ²Œ κ³ μš©ν•  수 μžˆλ„λ‘
03:16
so that employers can hire them more easily.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ λΆ„λ₯˜ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ 투자라고 말이죠.
03:20
The U.S. News & World Report ranks colleges
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US λ‰΄μŠ€&μ›”λ“œ λ¦¬ν¬νŠΈλŠ” 각 λŒ€ν•™μ— μˆœμœ„λ₯Ό λ§€κΉλ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:23
just as the consumer report rates washing machines.
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마치 μ†ŒλΉ„μž λ³΄κ³ μ„œμ—μ„œ 세탁기λ₯Ό ν‰κ°€ν•˜λ“―μ΄ 말이죠.
03:27
The language is peppered with barbarisms.
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μ•Όλ§ŒμŠ€λŸ¬μš΄ μ–Έμ–΄κ°€ νŒμ„ μΉ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:30
Teachers are called "service providers,"
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선생을 "μ„œλΉ„μŠ€μ—… μ’…μ‚¬μž"라 λΆ€λ₯΄κ³ 
03:34
students are called "consumers."
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학생을 "μ†ŒλΉ„μž"라고 λΆ€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:37
Sociology and Shakespeare and soccer and science,
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μ‚¬νšŒν•™, μ…°μ΅μŠ€ν”Όμ–΄, 좕ꡬ와 κ³Όν•™
03:41
all of these are "content."
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이 λͺ¨λ“  것듀은 "μ½˜ν…μΈ "μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:45
Student debt is profitable.
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ν•™μžκΈˆ λŒ€μΆœμ€ μˆ˜μ΅μ„± μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:46
Only not on you.
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λ‹Ήμ‹ μ—κ²Œλ§Œ 그렇지 μ•Šμ£ .
03:49
Your debt fattens the profit of the student loan industry.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 진 λΉšμ€ ν•™μžκΈˆ λŒ€μΆœ 산업을 ν‚€μ›λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:54
The two 800-pound gorillas of which --
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두 개의 κ±°λŒ€ 곡룑 기업듀인
03:56
Sallie Mae and Navient --
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샐리메이와 λ‚˜λΉ„μ—”νŠΈλŠ”
03:58
posted last year a combined profit of 1.2 billion dollars.
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μž‘λ…„μ— ν•©μ³μ„œ 12μ–΅ λ‹¬λŸ¬λ₯Ό λ²Œμ—ˆλ‹€κ³  λ°œν‘œν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:04
And just like home mortgages,
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그리고 주택 담보 λŒ€μΆœκ³Ό λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€λ‘œ
04:07
student loans can be bundled and packaged and sliced and diced,
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ν•™μžκΈˆ λŒ€μΆœ λ˜ν•œ λ¬Άκ³  포μž₯ν•˜κ³  자λ₯΄κ³  λ‚˜λˆ μ„œ
04:10
and sold on Wall Street.
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μ›”μŠ€νŠΈλ¦¬νŠΈμ— νŒ” 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:12
And colleges and universities
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그리고 λŒ€μΆœμ €λ‹Ήμ¦κΆŒμ—
04:13
that invest in these securitized loans
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νˆ¬μžν•˜λŠ” λŒ€ν•™λ“€μ€
04:18
profit twice.
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이읡을 두 배둜 μ–»μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:19
Once from your tuition,
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ν•™λΉ„μ—μ„œλ„ 이읡을 μ–»κ³ 
04:21
and then again from the interest on debt.
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λŒ€μΆœκΈˆμ˜ μ΄μžμ—μ„œλ„ 이읡을 μ–»μœΌλ©΄μ„œ 말이죠.
04:25
With all that money to be made,
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λˆμ„ λ²„λŠ” κ±Έ μ•Œκ³  λ‚˜λ‹ˆ
04:27
are we surprised that some in the higher education business
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λͺ‡λͺ‡ κ³ λ“± ꡐ윑 사업체듀이 μƒμˆ λ‘œ
04:33
have begun to engage in false advertising,
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ν—ˆμœ„ κ΄‘κ³ λ₯Ό ν•˜λŠ” 게
04:35
in bait and switch ...
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λ†€λžμ§€λ„ μ•Šμ£ .
04:38
in exploiting the very ignorance that they pretend to educate?
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κ΅μœ‘μ„ μœ„ν•œ μ²™ν•˜λ©° λ¬΄μ§€ν•œ 이듀을 μ°©μ·¨ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:44
Third:
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μ„Έλ²ˆμ§Έλ‘œ
04:45
diplomas are a brand.
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μ‘Έμ—…μž₯은 μƒν‘œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:47
Many years ago my teacher wrote,
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μ˜ˆμ „μ— 제 μ„ μƒλ‹˜μ€ 이런 말씀을 ν•˜μ…¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:50
"When students are treated as consumers,
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"학생듀이 μ†ŒλΉ„μž 취급을 λ°›μœΌλ©΄
04:52
they're made prisoners of addiction and envy."
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그듀은 탐닉과 μ‹œκΈ°μ— μ‚¬λ‘œμž‘νžˆκ²Œ 될 것이닀"
04:59
Just as consumers can be sold and resold upgraded versions of an iPhone,
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μ†ŒλΉ„μžλ“€μ΄ μƒˆλ‘œ λ‚˜μ˜¨ 아이폰을 사고 νŒ”λ“―μ΄
05:04
so also people can be sold more and more education.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 더 λ§Žμ€ κ΅μœ‘μ„ νŒ” 수 μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€..
05:08
College is the new high school,
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λŒ€ν•™κ΅λŠ” μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 고등학ꡐ라고
05:10
we already say that.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이미 λ§ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:13
But why stop there?
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ—¬κΈ°μ„œ λ©ˆμΆ°μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ” μ΄μœ κ°€ λ¬΄μ—‡μΌκΉŒμš”?
05:14
People can be upsold on certifications and recertifications,
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 인증과 μž¬μΈμ¦μ„ 톡해 더 λΉ„μ‹Έκ²Œ νŒ”λ¦΄ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:18
master's degrees, doctoral degrees.
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μ„μ‚¬ν•™μœ„, λ°•μ‚¬ν•™μœ„λ‘œ 말이죠.
05:23
Higher education is also marketed as a status object.
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κ³ λ“±κ΅μœ‘μ€ μ‚¬νšŒμ  μ§€μœ„μ²˜λŸΌ κ΄‘κ³ λ˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:28
Buy a degree,
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ν•™μœ„λ₯Ό μ‚¬μ„Έμš”.
05:29
much like you do a Lexus of a Louis Vuitton bag,
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남듀과 달라지기 μœ„ν•΄ λ ‰μ„œμŠ€ μ°¨λ‚˜
루이비톡 가방을 μ‚¬λŠ” κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ 말이죠.
05:33
to distinguish yourself from others.
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05:34
So you can be the object of envy of others.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ λΆ€λŸ¬μ›€μ˜ λŒ€μƒμ΄ 되기 μœ„ν•΄ 말이죠.
05:38
Diplomas are a brand.
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μ‘Έμ—…μž₯은 μƒν‘œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:41
But these truths are often times hidden by a very noisy sales pitch.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이런 진싀은 μ’…μ’… μ‹œλ„λŸ¬μš΄ νŒλ§€κ΄‘κ³ μ— 묻히고 λ§™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:48
There is not a day that goes by
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μš”μ¦˜μ€ 맀일 같이
05:50
without some policy guy on television telling us,
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TV에 κ΅­νšŒμ˜μ›λ“€μ΄ λ‚˜μ™€μ„œ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λ§ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:55
"A college degree is absolutely essential
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"학사 ν•™μœ„λŠ” μ€‘μ‚°μΈ΅μœΌλ‘œ
05:57
to get on that up escalator to a middle-class life."
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μ˜¬λΌκ°€κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ ˆλŒ€μ μœΌλ‘œ ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€."
06:00
And the usual evidence offered is the college premium:
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κ·Έ 증거둜 λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„ μ œμ‹œν•˜λŠ” 것이 λŒ€ν•™ ν”„λ¦¬λ―Έμ—„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:04
a college grad who makes on average 56 percent more than a high school grad.
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λŒ€ν•™μ‘Έμ—…μžκ°€ κ³ κ΅μ‘Έμ—…μžλ³΄λ‹€ ν‰κ· μ μœΌλ‘œ 56% 더 많이 λ²ˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:10
Let's look at that number more carefully,
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수치λ₯Ό μ’€ 더 μžμ„Ένžˆ μ‚΄νŽ΄λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
06:12
because on the face of it,
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κ²‰μœΌλ‘œ 보면, μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ“£κ³€ ν•˜λŠ”
06:13
it seems to belie the stories we all hear
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λ°”λ¦¬μŠ€νƒ€λ‚˜ κ³„μ‚°μ›μœΌλ‘œ μΌν•˜λŠ”
06:17
about college grads working as baristas and cashiers.
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λŒ€μ‘Έμžλ“€ μ–˜κΈ°λŠ” 거짓인 것 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:22
Of 100 people who enroll in any form of post-secondary education,
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μ–΄λ–€ ν˜•νƒœλ‘œλ“  κ³ λ“±κ΅μœ‘μ„ 받은 100λͺ…μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒ 쀑에
06:27
45 do not complete it in a timely fashion,
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45λͺ…은 μ œλ•Œ μ‘Έμ—…ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:30
for a number of reasons, including financial.
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μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ μ΄μœ κ°€ 있고 μž¬μ •μ  λ¬Έμ œλ„ κ·Έ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:34
Of the 55 that do graduate,
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μ œλ•Œ μ‘Έμ—…ν•œ 55λͺ… μ€‘μ—μ„œ
06:36
two will remain unemployed,
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2λͺ…은 μ‹€μ—…μžλ‘œ 남고
06:38
and another 18 are underemployed.
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18λͺ…은 λΆˆμ™„μ „ μ·¨μ—…μƒνƒœμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:42
So, college grads earn more than high school grads,
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λŒ€μ‘Έμžκ°€ κ³ μ‘Έμžλ³΄λ‹€ λˆμ„ 더 많이 λ²Œμ§€λ§Œ
06:45
but does it pay for the exorbitant tuition
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μ—„μ²­λ‚œ 학비와 λŒ€ν•™ μž¬ν•™ 쀑에 λ²Œμ§€ λͺ»ν•œ μž„κΈˆκΉŒμ§€
06:48
and the lost wages while at college?
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보상해쀄 수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
06:51
Now even economists admit
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이제 κ²½μ œν•™μžλ“€λ„ 심지어 μΈμ •ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:54
going to college pays off for only those who complete it.
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λŒ€ν•™κ΅λŠ” μ‘Έμ—…ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ— ν•œν•΄μ„œλ§Œ λ³΄μƒν•΄μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:00
But that's only because high school wages have been cut to the bone,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ΄λŠ” 단지 고쑸자의 μž„κΈˆμ΄ μ§€κΈˆκ» μˆ˜μ‹­ λ…„ κ°„
07:04
for decades now.
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λ„ˆλ¬΄ μ€„μ–΄λ“€μ—ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:07
For decades,
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μˆ˜μ‹­ λ…„μ§Έ
07:09
workers with a high school degree
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고쑸인 λ…Έλ™μžλ“€μ€
07:11
have been denied a fair share of what they have produced.
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 노동에 λŒ€ν•œ μ •λ‹Ήν•œ λŒ€κ°€λ₯Ό 받지 λͺ»ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:16
And had they received as they should have,
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그듀이 μ •λ‹Ήν•œ λŒ€κ°€λ₯Ό λ°›μ•˜λ‹€λ©΄
07:19
then going to college would have been a bad investment for many.
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λŒ€ν•™μ„ κ°€λŠ” 것은 λ‚˜μœ νˆ¬μžμ˜€μ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:23
College premium?
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λŒ€ν•™ ν”„λ¦¬λ―Έμ—„μ΄λΌκ³ μš”?
07:25
I think it's a high school discount.
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μ €λŠ” 고쑸자 할인이라고 μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:28
Two out of three people who enroll are not going to find an adequate job.
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λŒ€ν•™μ— κ°€λŠ” μ„Έ λͺ… 쀑 두 λͺ…은 μ μ ˆν•œ 곳에 취업을 λͺ» ν•  κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€..
07:33
And the future, for them, doesn't look particularly promising --
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ μ•žλ‚ λ„ λ”±νžˆ μ°½μ°½ν•΄ λ³΄μ΄μ§€λŠ” μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:36
in fact, it's downright bleak.
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사싀 정말 μ ˆλ§μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:38
And it is they who are going to suffer
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그리고 λ°”λ‘œ 이듀이 ν•™μžκΈˆ λŒ€μΆœμ—
07:42
the most punishing forms of student debt.
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κ°€μž₯ μ§€λ…ν•˜κ²Œ μ‹œλ‹¬λ¦¬κ²Œ 될 것이고
07:46
And it is they,
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λ°”λ‘œ 이듀이
07:47
curiously and sadly,
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μ‹ κΈ°ν•˜κ²Œλ„ 그리고 μŠ¬ν”„κ²Œλ„
07:48
who are marketed most loudly about this college premium thing.
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λŒ€ν•™ 프리미엄에 λŒ€ν•΄ κ°€μž₯ μš”λž€ν•˜κ²Œ 광고될 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:53
That's not just cynical marketing,
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이건 κ·Έμ € λƒ‰μ†Œμ μΈ λ§ˆμΌ€νŒ…μ΄ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:56
that's cruel.
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μž”μΈν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:59
So what do we do?
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그러면 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν•΄μ•Ό ν• κΉŒμš”?
08:01
What if students and parents treated higher education as a consumer product?
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학생듀과 ν•™λΆ€λͺ¨λ“€μ΄ κ³ λ“±κ΅μœ‘μ„ μ†ŒλΉ„μž¬λ‘œ μ·¨κΈ‰ν•˜λ©΄ μ–΄λ–¨κΉŒμš”?
08:08
Everybody else seems to.
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λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ 이미 κ·ΈλŸ¬λŠ” 것 κ°™μ€λ°μš”.
08:10
Then, like any other consumer product,
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κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ 되면 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ†ŒλΉ„μž¬λ“€κ³Ό λ˜‘κ°™μ΄
08:12
you would demand to know what you're paying for.
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무엇을 μ‚¬λŠ”μ§€ μ•Œλ €λ‹¬λΌκ³  μš”κ΅¬ν•˜κ² μ£ .
08:15
When you buy medicines,
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약을 μ‚΄ λ•Œμ—λŠ” λΆ€μž‘μš© λͺ©λ‘μ„ λ°›μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:16
you get a list of side effects.
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08:18
When you buy a higher educational product,
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κ³ λ“±κ΅μœ‘ μ œν’ˆμ„ μ‚΄ λ•ŒλŠ”
08:20
you should have a warning label
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μ†ŒλΉ„μžλ“€μ΄ 잘 μ•„λŠ” μƒνƒœμ—μ„œ
08:22
that allows consumers to choose,
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선택할 수 있게 ν•΄μ£ΌλŠ” κ²½κ³  문ꡬ가 μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:24
make informed choices.
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08:26
When you buy a car,
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μ°¨λ₯Ό μ‚΄ λ•Œμ—λ„ μ—°λΉ„λ₯Ό μ•Œλ €μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:28
it tells you how many miles per gallon to expect.
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08:31
Who knows what to expect
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μΊλ‚˜λ‹€ν•™μ„ μ „κ³΅ν•˜λ©΄
08:32
from a degree say, in Canadian Studies.
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무엇을 μ–»μœΌλ¦¬λΌκ³  μ˜ˆμƒν•  수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
08:36
There is such a thing, by the way.
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그런데 이런 전곡이 μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:40
What if there was an app for that?
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이런 κ±Έ μ•Œλ €μ£ΌλŠ” 앱이 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄ μ–΄λ–¨κΉŒμš”?
08:46
One that linked up the cost of a major to the expected income.
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전곡에 λ”°λ₯Έ λΉ„μš©κ³Ό μ˜ˆμƒ μˆ˜μž…μ„ μ•Œλ €μ£ΌλŠ” μ•± 말이죠.
08:52
Let's call it Income-Based Tuition or IBT.
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이것을 μˆ˜μž… 기반 ν•™λΉ„, μ€„μ—¬μ„œ IBT라고 λΆ€λ¦…μ‹œλ‹€.
08:54
One of you make this.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ 쀑 ν•œ λͺ…이 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
08:56
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
08:57
Discover your reality.
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ν˜„μ‹€μ„ κΉ¨λ‹¬μœΌμ„Έμš”.
08:59
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
09:01
There are three advantages,
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μˆ˜μž… 기반 ν•™λΉ„μ—λŠ” μ„Έ 가지 이득이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:03
three benefits to Income-Based Tuition.
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09:07
Any user can figure out
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μ΄μš©μžλ“€μ€ 전곡에 λ”°λΌμ„œ
09:09
how much money he or she will make from a given college and major.
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μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ 벌 수 μžˆμ„μ§€ μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:13
Such informed users
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이런 정보λ₯Ό μ•„λŠ” μ‚¬μš©μžλ“€μ€
09:14
are unlikely to fall victim to the huckster's ploy,
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κ°•λ§€ν•˜λŠ” μž₯μ‚Ώμ†μ΄λ‚˜ νŒλ§€κ΄‘κ³ μ— 속지 μ•Šμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:18
to the sales pitch.
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09:19
But also to choose wisely.
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그리고 더 ν˜„λͺ…ν•˜κ²Œ 선택할 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:21
Why would anybody pay more for college
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μΆ”κ°€λ‘œ λ²Œμ–΄λ“€μΌ μˆ˜μ΅λ³΄λ‹€
09:24
than let's say, 15 percent of the additional income they earn?
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15% 더 큰 κΈˆμ•‘μ„ λˆ„κ°€ λŒ€ν•™μ— λ‚΄λ €κ³  ν•˜κ² μ–΄μš”?
09:29
There's a second benefit to Income-Based Tuition.
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μˆ˜μž… 기반 ν•™λΉ„μ˜ 두 번째 이읡은
09:31
By tying the cost to the income,
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λΉ„μš©μ„ μˆ˜μž…μ— μ—°κ²°μ‹œμΌœμ„œ
09:34
college administrators would be forced to manage costs better,
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λŒ€ν•™ κ΄€λ¦¬μžλ“€μ΄ λΉ„μš© 관리λ₯Ό 더 μž˜ν•˜κ³ 
09:39
to find innovative ways to do so.
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그러기 μœ„ν•œ ν˜μ‹ μ μΈ 방법을 찾게 λ§Œλ“ λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:41
For instance,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€λ©΄
09:42
all of you students here pay roughly the same tuition for every major.
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학생듀은 λͺ¨λ‘ 전곡에 상관없이 λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ ν•™λΉ„λ₯Ό λ‚΄κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:47
That is manifestly unfair, and should change.
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이것은 λͺ…λ°±νžˆ λΆˆκ³΅ν‰ν•˜κ³  λ°”λ€Œμ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:52
An engineering student uses more resources
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κ³΅λŒ€μƒμ΄ 철학전곡생보닀
09:56
and facilities and labs and faculty
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μžμ›μ΄λ‚˜ μ„€λΉ„, 연ꡬ싀, κ΅μˆ˜μ§„λ„ 더 많이 μ΄μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:58
than a philosophy student.
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10:01
But the philosophy student, as a consequence,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 결과적으둜 μ² ν•™ 전곡생이
10:03
is subsidizing the engineering student.
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κ³΅λŒ€μƒμ„ λ³΄μ‘°ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:06
Who then, by the way, goes on and earns more money.
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그런데 κ³΅λŒ€μƒμ΄ λ‚˜μ€‘μ— λˆλ„ 더 많이 λ²•λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:09
Why should two people buy the same product,
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μ™œ 이 두 μ‚¬λžŒμ€ 같은 μ œν’ˆμ„ μ‚¬μ„œ
10:12
pay the same,
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λ˜‘κ°™μ΄ λˆμ„ λƒˆλŠ”λ°
10:13
but one person receive half or a third of the service.
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ν•œ λͺ…은 μ ˆλ°˜μ΄λ‚˜ 1/3밖에 μ„œλΉ„μŠ€λ₯Ό λͺ» λ°›λŠ” κ±ΈκΉŒμš”.
10:18
In fact, college grads, some majors,
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ λŒ€μ‘Έμž 쀑 νŠΉμ • 전곡생은
10:22
pay 25 percent of their income servicing their student debt,
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μˆ˜μž…μ˜ 5%만 ν•™μžκΈˆ λŒ€μΆœμ„ κ°šλŠ” 데 μ“Έ λ•Œ
10:26
while others pay five percent.
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μˆ˜μž…μ˜ 25%λ₯Ό μ“°κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:29
That kind if inequity would end when majors are priced more correctly.
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이런 λΆˆν‰λ“±μ€ 전곡에 λ”°λ₯Έ ν•™λΉ„κ°€ μ˜¬λ°”λ₯΄κ²Œ μ±…μ •λ˜λ©΄ 해결될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:35
Now of course, all this data --
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그리고 λ¬Όλ‘  이런 데이터λ₯Ό
10:37
and one of you is going to do this, right?
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μ•„, 그리고 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„ 쀑에 이걸 ν•΄κ²°ν•  뢄이 있겠죠?
10:39
All this data has to be well designed,
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톡계적 거짓말을 ν”Όν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
10:41
maybe audited by public accounting firms
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이 λͺ¨λ“  데이터가 잘 μ„€κ³„λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•˜κ³ 
10:43
to avoid statistical lies.
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곡인 νšŒκ³„μ‚¬μ˜ 감사도 λ°›μ•„μ•Ό ν•  μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμ–΄μš”.
10:45
We know about statistics, right?
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톡계에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ 잘 μ•„μ‹œμž–μ•„μš”. κ·Έλ ‡μ£ ?
10:48
But be that as it may,
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톡계에 κ΄€ν•œ 건 κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€ 치고,
10:50
the third and biggest benefit of Income-Based Tuition,
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μ„Έ 번째 이읡인, μˆ˜μž… 기반 ν•™λΉ„μ˜ κ°€μž₯ 큰 이읡은
10:54
is it would free Americans from the fear and the fact of financial ruin
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미ꡭ인듀이 λΆˆλŸ‰ν’ˆμ„ μ‚¬μ„œ νŒŒμ‚°ν•  κ±°λΌλŠ” 두렀움과 ν˜„μ‹€λ‘œλΆ€ν„°
10:59
because they bought a defective product.
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μžμœ λ‘œμ›Œμ§„λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:02
Perhaps, in time,
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μ–΄μ©Œλ©΄ λ„ˆλ¬΄ λŠ¦μ§€ μ•Šκ²Œ
11:05
young and old Americans may rediscover,
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μ•„κΉŒ μ € λ‚¨μžλΆ„μ΄ λ§μ”€ν•˜μ…¨λ“―μ΄
11:07
as the gentleman said earlier,
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미ꡭ인 λ‚¨λ…€λ…Έμ†Œκ°€ ν˜ΈκΈ°μ‹¬κ³Ό λ°°μ›€μ˜ 즐거움을
11:09
their curiosity, their love of learning --
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λ‹€μ‹œ 찾게 될지도 λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:11
begin to study what they love,
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μ’‹μ•„ν•˜λŠ” 것을 κ³΅λΆ€ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν•˜κ³ ,
11:13
love what they study,
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κ·Έ 곡뢀λ₯Ό μ’‹μ•„ν•˜κ²Œ 되고
11:14
follow their passion ...
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μžμ‹ μ˜ 열정을 μ’‡κ³ 
11:16
getting stimulated by their intelligence,
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본인의 총λͺ…함에 μžκ·Ήμ„ λ°›μ•„
11:19
follow paths of inquiry that they really want to.
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그듀이 μ›ν•˜λŠ”λŒ€λ‘œ νƒκ΅¬μ˜ 길을 κ±·λŠ” 것이죠.
11:22
After all, it was Eric and Kevin,
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에릭과 μΌ€λΉˆμ€ 사싀
11:27
two years ago,
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2λ…„ μ „λ§Œ 해도
11:29
just exactly these kinds of young men,
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이런 μ²­λ…„λ“€μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:32
who prompted me and worked with me,
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μ €μ—κ²Œ μžκ·Ήμ„ μ£Όλ©΄μ„œ ν•¨κ»˜ μΌν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:35
and still do,
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μ§€κΈˆλ„ 같이 μΌν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:36
in the study of indebted students in America.
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미ꡭ의 ν•™μžκΈˆ λŒ€μΆœμ— κ΄€ν•œ 연ꡬλ₯Ό ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ 말이죠
11:41
Thank you for your attention.
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이야기λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄μ£Όμ…”μ„œ κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:42
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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