What You Should Know About Opioids and Painkillers | Body Stuff with Dr. Jen Gunter | TED

101,210 views

2022-10-26 ใƒป TED


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What You Should Know About Opioids and Painkillers | Body Stuff with Dr. Jen Gunter | TED

101,210 views ใƒป 2022-10-26

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Opioids are one of the most commonly prescribed painkillers.
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ืชืจื’ื•ื: Hagit Aleinikov ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Ido Dekkers
ืื•ืคื™ื•ืื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืŸ ืžืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื”ืžืจืฉื ื”ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืฉื™ื›ื•ืš ื›ืื‘.
00:04
From broken ribs to back pain to treating pain after surgery.
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ืžืฆืœืขื•ืช ืฉื‘ื•ืจื•ืช, ืœื›ืื‘ื™ ื’ื‘ ื•ืขื“ ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื›ืื‘ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื ื™ืชื•ื—.
00:08
But there's a lot of misconceptions around them,
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืชืคื™ืกื•ืช ืžื•ื˜ืขื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ื”ื,
00:10
so it's important to take the time to understand them better.
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ืœื›ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
00:14
[Body Stuff with Dr. Jen Gunter]
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[ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืขื ื“โ€ณืจ ื’โ€™ืŸ ื’ื•ื ืชืจ]
00:18
The first misconception is that opioids are the best,
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ื”ืชืคื™ืกื” ื”ืžื•ื˜ืขื™ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืื•ืคื™ื•ืื™ื“ื™ื ื”ื ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ,
00:21
strongest form of pain medication.
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ื•ื”ื—ื–ืงื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืžืฉื›ื›ื™ ื›ืื‘ื™ื.
00:24
But in almost every well-designed study
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘
00:27
comparing opioids to anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen,
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ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืช ืื•ืคื™ื•ืื™ื“ื™ื ืœืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืื ื˜ื™ ื“ืœืงืชื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืื™ื‘ื•ืคืจื•ืคืŸ,
00:32
the anti-inflammatories come out on top.
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ื”ืื ื˜ื™-ื“ืœืงืชื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืขื ื”ื™ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื”.
00:34
From a safety or effectiveness perspective, or both.
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ืžื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ืื• ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช, ืื• ืฉืชื™ื”ืŸ.
00:38
Let's talk about the effectiveness first.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืขืœ ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช.
00:41
How do opioids work?
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ืื™ืš ืื•ืคื™ื•ืื™ื“ื™ื ืคื•ืขืœื™ื?
00:43
To understand that, we have to first know a little bit about how pain works.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื–ืืช, ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื“ืขืช ืžืขื˜ ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืื‘.
00:47
Pain is our body's way of telling us that something's wrong.
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ื›ืื‘ ื”ื•ื ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื ื• ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื ื• ืฉืžืฉื”ื• ืœื ื‘ืกื“ืจ.
00:50
You stubbed your toe, you burned your hand.
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ื ืงืขืช ืืช ื”ื‘ื•ื”ืŸ, ืฉืจืคืช ืืช ื”ื™ื“ ืฉืœืš.
00:53
Pain gives us the message that it's time for us to rest,
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ื”ื›ืื‘ ืžืขื‘ื™ืจ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืžืกืจ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื ื ื•ื—,
00:56
recover and treat the damage.
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ื ื—ืœื™ื ื•ื ื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื ื–ืง.
00:59
In the body, pain is created by multiple chemical signals and receptors,
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ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ, ื›ืื‘ ื ื•ืฆืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื•ืชื•ืช ื•ืงื•ืœื˜ื ื™ื ื›ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืžืจื•ื‘ื™ื,
01:03
and different medications can target different parts of that pain pathway.
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ื•ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืœื—ืœืงื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ืชื™ื‘ ื”ื›ืื‘.
01:07
Medications like acetaminophen, such as Tylenol,
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ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืืฆื˜ืืžื™ื ื•ืคืŸ (ืืงืžื•ืœ) ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื ื˜ื™ื™ืœื ื•ืœ,
01:09
or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs,
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ืื• ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื ื•ื’ื“ื•ืช ื“ืœืงืช ืœื ืกื˜ืจื•ืื™ื“ื™ื•ืช,
01:12
also known as NSAIDs, like ibuprofen, aspirin and naproxen,
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ื”ื™ื“ื•ืขื•ืช ื’ื ื‘ืฉื NSAIDs, ื›ืžื• ืื™ื‘ื•ืคืจื•ืคืŸ, ืืกืคื™ืจื™ืŸ ื•ื ืคืจื•ืงืกืŸ,
01:17
all treat pain in different ways from opioids.
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ื›ื•ืœืŸ ืžื˜ืคืœื•ืช ื‘ื›ืื‘ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืื•ืคื™ื•ืื™ื“ื™ื.
01:19
Opioids work by binding to and activating the opioid receptors
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ืื•ืคื™ื•ืื™ื“ื™ื ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืงืฉื™ืจื” ื•ื”ืคืขืœื” ืฉืœ ืงื•ืœื˜ื ื™ ื”ืื•ืคื™ื•ืื™ื“ื™ื
01:23
located throughout the body, blocking pain signals.
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ื”ืžืžื•ืงืžื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ื•ื—ื•ืกืžื™ื ืืช ืื•ืชื•ืช ื”ื›ืื‘.
01:26
This activation also triggers the release of dopamine,
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ื”ืคืขืœื” ื–ื• ื’ื ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ื“ื•ืคืžื™ืŸ,
01:29
a hormone associated with pleasure.
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ื”ื•ืจืžื•ืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ืฉืจ ืœื”ื ืื”.
01:31
So in addition to pain relief,
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ืื– ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื”ืงืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื›ืื‘,
01:33
some people can feel relaxed or even euphoric.
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ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืจื’ื™ืขื” ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืื•ืคื•ืจื™ื”.
01:36
In higher doses, opioids can affect cognition and even breathing.
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ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ื ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืื•ืคื™ื•ืื™ื“ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืงื•ื’ื ื™ืฆื™ื” ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืขืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ืžื”.
01:40
But here's a really important point that people often don't know.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื” ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืžืžืฉ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืœืจื•ื‘ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื.
01:43
Opioid receptors can adapt, often in a short amount of time,
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ืงื•ืœื˜ื ื™ ืื•ืคื™ื•ืื™ื“ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืกืชื’ืœ, ืœืจื•ื‘ ืชื•ืš ื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจ,
01:48
to expect opioids.
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ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืœืื•ืคื™ื•ืื™ื“ื™ื.
01:50
And when a patient doesnโ€™t take them,
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ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ืœื ืœื•ืงื— ืื•ืชื,
01:51
they experience symptoms of withdrawal.
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ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ื•ื” ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ ื’ืžื™ืœื”.
01:54
And withdrawal is very uncomfortable.
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ื•ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ ื’ืžื™ืœื” ื”ื ืžืื•ื“ ืœื ื ื•ื—ื™ื.
01:56
People can mistake that discomfort
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื˜ืขื•ืช ืขืงื‘ ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื–ื•
01:58
for thinking the opioids were actually working.
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ื•ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืื•ืคื™ื•ืื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื.
02:01
And what people don't know is this can happen after just a few doses.
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื–ื” ืฉื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงืจื•ืช ืจืง ืื—ืจื™ ืžืกืคืจ ืžื ื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“.
02:05
When you're a patient needing relief from pain,
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ื›ืฉืืชื ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืฉื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื”ืงืœื” ื‘ื›ืื‘,
02:08
it can be confusing to know the difference.
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ื–ื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ืœื‘ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ.
02:10
All you want is to feel normal again.
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ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืจืง ืจื•ืฆื™ื ื–ื” ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื ื•ืจืžืœื™.
02:11
In this way, opioids, if not used very carefully and intentionally,
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื•, ืื•ืคื™ื•ืื™ื“ื™ื, ืื ืœื ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื”ื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื–ื”ื™ืจ ื•ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืžืื•ื“,
02:16
can create physical dependence.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืชืœื•ืช ืคื™ื–ื™ืช.
02:17
They can also paradoxically worsen pain.
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ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื’ื, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคืจื“ื•ืงืกืœื™, ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื›ืื‘.
02:20
And there's a risk of developing addiction.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืคืชื— ื”ืชืžื›ืจื•ืช.
02:23
There's nuance here.
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ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ื ื™ื•ืื ืก.
02:24
People who have become physically dependent
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืคื›ื• ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื
02:26
often don't even know they are.
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื”ื ื›ืืœื”.
02:28
They just know that the opioids seem to be offering relief
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ื”ื ืจืง ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื”ืื•ืคื™ื•ืื™ื“ื™ื ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ื”ืงืœื”
02:32
without realizing that they could actually be contributing to the pain.
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ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœืชืจื•ื ืœื›ืื‘.
02:35
I want to be clear here.
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ื›ืืŸ.
02:37
Opioids can be effective, appropriate therapy,
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ืื•ืคื™ื•ืื™ื“ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื•ื•ืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื™ืขื™ืœ ื•ื”ื•ืœื,
02:40
but they should be prescribed with great care.
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ืืš ื™ืฉ ืœืชืช ืืช ื”ืžืจืฉื ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื‘ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื”.
02:42
This is the doctor's responsibility.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื•ืคื.
02:45
Here's some advice so you can be an educated patient.
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ื”ื ื” ื›ืžื” ืขืฆื•ืช ื›ืš ืฉืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืžื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื.
02:48
If you or a loved one experience acute pain,
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ืื ืืชื ืื• ืื“ื ืื”ื•ื‘, ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื›ืื‘ ื—ืจื™ืฃ,
02:51
ask to explore alternatives to opioids like Tylenol,
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ืชื‘ืงืฉื• ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช ืœืื•ืคื™ื•ืื™ื“ื™ื, ื›ืžื• ืืงืžื•ืœ,
02:55
NSAIDs, muscle relaxants and physical therapy.
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NSAIDs, ืžืจืคื™ ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ื•ืคื™ื–ื™ื•ืชืจืคื™ื”.
02:57
If your doctor doesnโ€™t bring those up first,
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ืื ื”ืจื•ืคื ืฉืœื›ื ืœื ืžืขืœื” ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืงื•ื“ื,
03:00
and if you or a loved one are prescribed opioids,
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ื•ืื ืืชื ืื• ืื“ื ื™ืงืจ ืœื›ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžืจืฉื ืœืื•ืคื™ื•ืื™ื“ื™ื,
03:02
make sure your doctor has a plan to taper you off,
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ืชื•ื•ื“ืื• ืฉืœืจื•ืคื ืฉืœื›ื ื™ืฉ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืืชื›ื ืžื–ื”,
03:05
accounting for the risk of dependence.
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ืขืงื‘ ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื”ืชืžื›ืจื•ืช.
03:07
And finally, ask for naloxone.
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื‘ืงืฉื• ื ืœื•ืงืกื•ืŸ.
03:10
This is a drug that can reverse opioid overdose.
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ื–ื• ืชืจื•ืคื” ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืžื ืช ื™ืชืจ ืžืื•ืคื™ื•ืื™ื“ื™ื.
03:13
It can be easy to forget if youโ€™ve taken a dose,
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ืงืœ ืœืฉื›ื•ื— ืื ื ื˜ืœืชื ืืช ื”ืžื ื”,
03:16
and you never know who in your household could take your medication.
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ื•ืืชื ืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื— ืืช ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื.
03:20
Naloxone can literally save a life.
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ื ืœื•ืงืกื•ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืžืžืฉ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื.
03:23
Remember, when it comes to pain,
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ื–ื›ืจื•, ื›ืฉื–ื” ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื›ืื‘,
03:25
opioids are not always the most effective way to safely offer relief.
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ืื•ืคื™ื•ืื™ื“ื™ื ื”ื ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ื”ืงืœื” ื‘ื›ืื‘ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืชื™.
03:29
And when they are prescribed,
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ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืœื™ื”ื ืžืจืฉื,
03:31
they should always be prescribed with a plan.
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ืชืžื™ื“ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืจืฉื•ื ืื•ืชื ืขื ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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