Grief and love in the animal kingdom | Barbara J. King

85,382 views ใƒป 2019-08-01

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Yael Ring ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Allon Sasson
00:12
I'd like to tell you today about an orca named Tahlequah.
0
12490
4252
ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ื”ื™ื•ื ืขืœ ืœื•ื•ื™ืชืŸ ืื•ืจืงื” ื‘ืฉื ื˜ืืœืงื”.
00:17
Tahlequah is also known as J35 to scientists,
1
17361
3873
ื˜ืืœืงื” ื™ื“ื•ืข ื’ื ื‘ืฉื J35 ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืžื“ืขื ื™ื,
00:21
because she swims with the J Pod in the Salish Sea.
2
21258
3403
ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ืฉื•ื—ื” ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืœื”ืงืช J ื‘ื™ื ืกืืœื™ืฉ.
00:24
These are the waters off of British Columbia and Washington State.
3
24685
3739
ืืœื” ื”ื ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืกืžื•ื›ื™ื ืœืงื•ืœื•ืžื‘ื™ื” ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ืช ื•ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ.
00:28
Now, last year, in July 2018,
4
28987
3164
ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื”, ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2018,
00:32
she was well along in her 17-month pregnancy,
5
32175
4216
ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืชืงื“ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืŸ 17 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื,
00:36
and scientists were very excited
6
36415
1991
ื•ื”ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื ืจื’ืฉื™ื ืžืื•ื“
00:38
because no baby had survived in this pod for three long years.
7
38430
5185
ื›ื™ ืืฃ ื•ืœื“ ืœื ืฉืจื“ ื‘ืœื”ืงื” ื–ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืชืžื™ืžื•ืช.
00:44
Now, orcas are also known as killer whales.
8
44464
2967
ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ืชื ื™ ืื•ืจืงื” ื’ื ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื›ืœื•ื•ื™ืชื ื™ื ืงื˜ืœื ื™ื™ื.
00:47
They're profoundly social and profoundly intelligent beings.
9
47455
4226
ื”ื ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ื—ื‘ืจื•ืชื™ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืžืื“.
00:52
And scientists are very interested in their behavior,
10
52354
3480
ื”ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืžืื“ ื‘ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื,
00:55
because in their social networks, they share habits, information
11
55858
3778
ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืจืฉืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื”ื ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื, ืžื™ื“ืข
00:59
and even affection.
12
59660
1198
ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื—ื™ื‘ื”.
01:00
They create true cultures of the ocean.
13
60882
3186
ื”ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ืืžื™ืชื™ื•ืช.
01:04
But this pod has been in trouble.
14
64839
2562
ืื‘ืœ ื”ืœื”ืงื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืฆืจื•ืช.
01:08
The Chinook salmon that the orcas favor has been way down in the region,
15
68066
4657
ืื—ื•ื–ื™ ื”ืกืœืžื•ืŸ ื”ื’ืžืœื•ื ื™ ืฉืœื•ื™ื™ืชื ื™ ื”ืื•ืจืงื” ืžื—ื‘ื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ,
01:12
and pollution has been up.
16
72747
1782
ื•ื”ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ื’ื‘ืจ.
01:15
But on July 24th, Tahlequah gave birth to a daughter,
17
75344
5386
ืื‘ืœ ื‘-24 ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™, ื˜ืืœืงื” ื”ืžืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืช,
01:20
and scientists were so excited by this development.
18
80754
3505
ื•ื”ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื ืจื’ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืžื”ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ื–ืืช.
01:24
But unfortunately, the same day -- in fact, shortly after birth --
19
84691
3975
ืื‘ืœ ืœืจื•ืข ื”ืžื–ืœ, ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื•ื -- ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืžื™ื“ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื”ืžืœื˜ื” --
01:28
the calf died.
20
88690
1282
ื”ื•ืœื“ ืžืช.
01:31
Well, what happened next electrified animal lovers
21
91077
3045
ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื”ื“ืœื™ืง ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ ื—ื™ื•ืช
01:34
across the world,
22
94146
1648
ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
01:35
because Tahlequah refused to let her baby slip off into the water.
23
95818
4611
ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืืœืงื” ืกื™ืจื‘ื” ืœืชืช ืœืชื™ื ื•ืงืช ืฉืœื” ืœืฉืงื•ืข ื‘ืžื™ื.
01:40
She kept it on her body and she swam with it.
24
100453
3268
ื”ื™ื ื”ื—ื–ื™ืงื” ืื•ืชื” ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื’ื•ืคื” ื•ืฉื—ืชื” ืื™ืชื”.
01:43
If it did fall off, she would dive and rescue it,
25
103745
4133
ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื ื ืคืœื”, ื”ื™ื ืฆืœืœื” ื•ื”ืฆื™ืœื” ืื•ืชื”,
01:47
and she battled stiff currents to do this.
26
107902
2880
ื•ื ืื‘ืงื” ื‘ื–ืจืžื™ื ืขื–ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช.
01:51
Now, she kept this behavior up
27
111218
2153
ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ื‘ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื–ื•
01:53
for 17 days,
28
113395
2697
ื‘ืžืฉืš 17 ื™ื•ื.
01:56
and during this time, she swam over 1,000 miles.
29
116116
3378
ื•ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื•, ื”ื•ื ืฉื—ืชื” ืžืขืœ 1600 ืง"ืž.
02:00
At that point, she let the little baby slip off into the water.
30
120024
3940
ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื–ื•, ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ื—ืจืจื” ืืช ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืงืช ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ื•ื–ื• ืฉืงืขื” ื‘ืžื™ื.
02:04
So today, Tahlequah swims on with the J Pod,
31
124876
4379
ืื– ื”ื™ื•ื, ื˜ืืœืงื” ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœืฉื—ื•ืช ืขื ืœื”ืงืช J,
02:09
but her grief still moves me.
32
129279
3294
ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื‘ืœ ืฉืœื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืจื’ืฉ ืื•ืชื™.
02:12
And I do believe that "grief" is the right word to use.
33
132597
3579
ื•ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉ"ืื‘ืœ" ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื”.
02:16
I believe that grief is the right word to use
34
136200
2610
ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื”
02:18
for numerous animals who mourn the dead.
35
138834
2940
ืœืชื™ืื•ืจ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืžืชืื‘ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžืชื™ื.
02:21
They may be friends or mates or relatives.
36
141798
2936
ื”ื ืื•ืœื™ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื, ืื• ื‘ื ื™ ื–ื•ื’ ืื• ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื.
02:25
Because these visible cues, these behavioral cues,
37
145127
3322
ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ืจืžื–ื™ื ื”ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ื”ืจืžื–ื™ื ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™ื™ื,
02:28
tell us something about an animal's emotional state.
38
148473
3266
ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืœื ื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืขืœ ืžืฆื‘ื” ื”ืจื’ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื”.
02:32
Now, for the last seven years,
39
152589
1456
ื‘ืฉื‘ืข ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช,
02:34
I've been working to document examples of animal grief --
40
154069
3644
ืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ืขืœ ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื‘ืœ ืืฆืœ ื—ื™ื•ืช --
02:37
in birds, in mammals,
41
157737
2138
ื‘ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ื‘ื™ื•ื ืงื™ื,
02:39
in domesticated animals and in wild animals --
42
159899
2976
ื‘ื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื•ื‘ื—ื™ื•ืช ืคืจื --
02:42
and I believe in the reality of animal grief.
43
162899
2983
ื•ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื.
02:46
Now, I say it this way
44
166890
1533
ืื ื™ ืžื’ื“ื™ืจื” ืืช ื–ื” ื›ืš
02:48
because I need to acknowledge to you right up front
45
168447
2435
ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ืฆื”ื™ืจ ื›ืืŸ ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื•
02:50
that not all scientists agree with me.
46
170906
1975
ืฉืœื ื›ืœ ื”ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ืžืกื›ื™ืžื™ื ืื™ืชื™.
02:53
And part of the reason, I think,
47
173287
2153
ื•ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืกื™ื‘ื”, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช,
02:55
is because of what I call the "a-word."
48
175464
2631
ื”ื™ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžื›ื ื” "ืžื™ืœืช ื”-ื".
02:58
The a-word is anthropomorphism,
49
178592
1759
ืžื™ืœืช ื”-ื ื”ื™ื ืื ืชืจื•ืคื•ืžื•ืจืคื™ื”,
03:00
and historically, it's been a big deterrent
50
180375
2001
ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื•ืชื” ื—ืกื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™
03:02
to recognizing animal emotions.
51
182400
2252
ืœื”ื›ืจื” ื‘ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื.
03:05
So, anthropomorphism is when we project onto other animals
52
185095
4200
ืื–, ืื ืชืจื•ืคื•ืžื•ืจืคื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืœื™ื›ื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื
03:09
our capacities or our emotions.
53
189319
2804
ืืช ื”ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืื• ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
03:12
And we can all probably think of examples of this.
54
192634
3535
ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืœื–ื”.
03:16
Let's say we have a friend who tells us,
55
196193
2348
ื ื ื™ื— ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื—ื‘ืจ ืฉืžืกืคืจ ืœื ื•,
03:18
"My cat understands everything I say."
56
198565
3183
"ื”ื—ืชื•ืœ ืฉืœื™ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื›ืœ ืžื” ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืœื•".
03:22
Or, "My dog, he's so sweet.
57
202355
2816
ืื•, "ื”ื›ืœื‘ ืฉืœื™ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื—ืžื•ื“.
03:25
he ran right across the yard this morning towards a squirrel,
58
205195
2938
ื”ื•ื ืจืฅ ื“ืจืš ื”ื—ืฆืจ ืื—ืจื™ ืกื ืื™
03:28
and I know he just wants to play."
59
208157
1699
ื•ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื”ื•ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฉื—ืง ืื™ืชื•".
03:30
Well, maybe.
60
210435
1546
ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื•ืœื™ ื›ืŸ
03:32
Or maybe not.
61
212744
1165
ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืœื.
03:33
I'm skeptical about claims like those.
62
213933
2318
ืื ื™ ืกืงืคื˜ื™ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ื›ืืœื”.
03:37
But animal grief is different,
63
217202
1995
ืื‘ืœ ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื ื”,
03:39
because we're not trying to read an animal's mind.
64
219221
2866
ื›ื™ ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืงืจื•ื ืืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืชื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื”.
03:42
We're looking at visible cues of behavior
65
222111
2403
ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ืจืžื–ื™ื ื ืจืื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช
03:44
and trying to interpret them with some meaning.
66
224538
2397
ื•ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืชืจื’ื ืื•ืชื ืœืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื›ืœืฉื”ื™.
03:47
Now, it's true -- scientists often push back at me,
67
227406
2883
ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ - ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ืœืจื•ื‘ ืžืชื ื’ื“ื™ื ืœื™,
03:50
and they'll say,
68
230313
1152
ื•ื”ื ื™ืืžืจื•,
03:51
"Ah, look, the animal might be stressed,
69
231489
2244
"ืชืจืื• ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ื” ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืœื—ืฅ,
03:53
or maybe the animal's just confused
70
233757
1777
ืื• ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžื‘ื•ืœื‘ืœืช
03:55
because his or her routine has been disrupted."
71
235558
2644
ื›ื™ ื”ืฉื’ืจื” ืฉืœื” ื”ื•ืคืจืขื”".
03:58
But I think that this overworry about anthropomorphism
72
238935
4342
ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื“ืื’ืช ื”ื™ืชืจ ื”ื–ื• ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืื ืชืจื•ืคื•ืžื•ืจืคื™ื•ืช
04:03
misses a fundamental point.
73
243301
2503
ืžืคืกืคืกืช ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช.
04:05
And that is that animals can care very deeply for each other,
74
245828
3807
ื•ื”ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืคื’ื™ืŸ ื“ืื’ื” ืขืžื•ืงื” ืžืื•ื“ ื–ื” ื›ืœืคื™ ื–ื”.
04:09
maybe they even love each other.
75
249659
1693
ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื–ื” ืืช ื–ื”.
04:11
And when they do,
76
251376
1363
ื•ื›ืฉื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช,
04:12
a survivor's heart can be pierced by a death.
77
252763
3533
ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ืœื™ื‘ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ.
04:17
Let's face it:
78
257013
1237
ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื›ืš:
04:18
if we deny evolutionary continuity,
79
258274
2809
ืื ื ืชืขืœื ืžื”ื”ืžืฉื›ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืช,
04:21
we are really missing out on embracing part of ourselves.
80
261107
3720
ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืขืฆื ืžืคืกืคืกื™ื ืงื‘ืœื” ืฉืœ ื—ืœืง ืžืขืฆืžื ื•.
04:25
So yes, I believe in the reality of animal grief,
81
265603
2667
ืื– ื›ืŸ, ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื,
04:28
and I also think that if we recognize it,
82
268294
2479
ื•ืื ื™ ื’ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืื ื ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื›ืš,
04:30
we can make the world a better place for animals,
83
270797
2646
ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืžืงื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื,
04:33
a kinder place for animals.
84
273467
2163
ืžืงื•ื ื ื—ืžื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื.
04:36
So let me tell you a little bit more about animal grief.
85
276362
3102
ืื– ื”ืจืฉื• ืœื™ ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื.
04:40
I'm going to start in Kenya.
86
280341
2218
ืื ื™ ืืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืงื ื™ื”.
04:43
You see here there's an elephant named Eleanor
87
283027
2928
ื›ืืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืคื™ืœื” ื‘ืฉื ืืœื™ื ื•ืจ
04:45
who came one day with bruised legs,
88
285979
2978
ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื” ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืขื ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ื—ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช,
04:48
and she collapsed.
89
288981
1881
ื•ื”ืชืžื•ื˜ื˜ื”.
04:50
You see on the left
90
290886
1197
ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ืฆื“ ืฉืžืืœ
04:52
that another female named Grace came to her right away
91
292107
3737
ืฉื ืงื‘ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ื‘ืฉื ื’ืจื™ื™ืก ื ื™ื’ืฉื” ืืœื™ื” ืžื™ื“
04:55
and, using her own trunk, propped her up,
92
295868
2503
ื•ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ื—ื“ืง ืฉืœื”, ื”ื—ื–ื™ืงื” ื‘ื”,
04:58
tried to get her up on her feet.
93
298395
1788
ื•ื ื™ืกืชื” ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื” ืœืงื•ื ืขืœ ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื.
05:00
And she did succeed,
94
300207
1195
ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื”,
05:01
but then Eleanor collapsed again.
95
301426
2258
ืื‘ืœ ืื– ืืœื™ื ื•ืจ ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืชืžื•ื˜ื˜ื”.
05:04
At this point, Grace became visibly distressed,
96
304236
3374
ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื–ื•, ื’ืจื™ื™ืก ื”ืคื’ื™ื ื” ืกื™ืžื ื™ ืžืฆื•ืงื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื,
05:07
and she prodded the body, and she vocalized.
97
307634
3259
ื•ื”ื™ื ื“ื—ืคื” ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืฉืžื™ืขื” ืงื•ืœื•ืช.
05:11
Eleanor collapsed again,
98
311906
1391
ืืœื™ื ื•ืจ ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืชืžื•ื˜ื˜ื”,
05:13
and unfortunately, she did die.
99
313321
2272
ื•ืœืจื•ืข ื”ืžื–ืœ, ื”ื™ื ืžืชื”.
05:16
What you see on the right is a female from another family named Maui,
100
316036
4645
ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ ื–ื• ื ืงื‘ื” ืžืžืฉืคื—ื” ืื—ืจืช ืฉืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื” ืžืื•ื•ื™,
05:20
who came after the death, and she stayed at the body.
101
320705
2873
ืฉื‘ืื” ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช, ื•ื ืฉืืจื” ืœืฆื“ ื”ื’ื•ืคื”.
05:23
She held a vigil there, and she even rocked in distress
102
323602
3412
ื”ื™ื ืขืจื›ื” ืฉื ืžืฉืžืจืช ืœืžืช, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืชื ื“ื ื“ื” ืžืฆื“ ืœืฆื“ ื‘ืžืฆื•ืงื”
05:27
over the body.
103
327038
1602
ืœื™ื“ ื”ื’ื•ืคื”.
05:28
So the scientists watching the elephants
104
328664
2503
ืื– ื”ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ืฉืฆืคื• ื‘ืคื™ืœื™ื
05:31
kept close observation on Eleanor's body
105
331191
3464
ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ื’ื•ืคืชื” ืฉืœ ืืœื™ื ื•ืจ
05:34
for seven days.
106
334679
1605
ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื‘ืขื” ื™ืžื™ื.
05:36
And during those seven days,
107
336308
1486
ื•ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืื•ืชื ืฉื‘ืขื” ื™ืžื™ื,
05:37
a parade of elephants came
108
337818
2051
ืžืฆืขื“ ืฉืœ ืคื™ืœื™ื ืขื‘ืจ ื‘ืกืš
05:39
from five different families.
109
339893
1930
ืžื—ืžืฉ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช.
05:42
Now, some were just curious,
110
342266
1925
ื—ืœืงื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ื™ื• ืกืงืจื ื™ื,
05:44
but others carried out behaviors
111
344215
1542
ืื‘ืœ ืื—ืจื™ื ื”ืคื’ื™ื ื• ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช
05:45
that I really believe should be classified as grief.
112
345781
3439
ืฉืื ื™ ืžืžืฉ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืกื•ื•ื’ ืื•ืชื” ื›ืื‘ืœ.
05:50
So what does grief look like?
113
350447
1805
ืื– ืื™ืš ื ืจืื” ืื‘ืœ?
05:52
It can be rocking, as I said, in distress.
114
352870
3022
ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื ื“ื ื“ื•ืช ืžืฆื“ ืœืฆื“, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจืชื™, ืžืชื•ืš ืžืฆื•ืงื”.
05:55
It can also be social withdrawal,
115
355916
1910
ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื’ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื ืชืงื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช,
05:57
when an animal just takes himself or herself away from friends
116
357850
4045
ื›ืฉื‘ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ืžืจื—ื™ืง ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื•
06:01
and stays by themselves,
117
361919
2587
ื•ื ืฉืืจ ืœื‘ื“ื•,
06:04
or a failure to eat or sleep properly,
118
364530
2611
ืื• ืงื•ืฉื™ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืื• ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ ื›ืจื’ื™ืœ.
06:07
sometimes a depressed posture or vocalization.
119
367165
3432
ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื–ืืช ืขืžื™ื“ืช ืžืฆื•ืงื” ืื• ื”ืฉืžืขืช ืงื•ืœื•ืช.
06:11
It can be very helpful for those of us studying this
120
371311
2894
ื™ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ืžืื“ ืžื•ืขื™ืœ ืœืืœื” ืžืืชื ื• ื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ื–ืืช
06:14
to be able to compare the behavior of a survivor before death
121
374229
4354
ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช
06:18
and after death,
122
378607
1221
ื•ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช,
06:19
because that increases the rigor of our interpretation.
123
379852
3314
ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ื™ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืงืคื“ื ื•ืช ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืฉืœื ื•.
06:23
And I can explain this to you
124
383722
1404
ื•ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื–ื” ืœื›ื
06:25
by talking about two ducks named Harper and Kohl.
125
385150
4446
ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืขืœ ืฉื ื™ ืื•ื•ื–ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื”ืืจืคืจ ื•ืงื•ืœ.
06:30
So we're into birds now.
126
390217
1631
ืื– ืขื‘ืจื ื• ืœืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื.
06:32
So Harper and Kohl were raised at a foie gras factory,
127
392403
3218
ืื– ื”ืืจืคืจ ื•ืงื•ืœ ื’ื•ื“ืœื• ื‘ื—ื•ื•ื” ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื›ื‘ื“ ืื•ื•ื–,
06:35
and they were treated cruelly.
128
395645
1941
ื•ื”ื ื—ื•ื• ื™ื—ืก ืื›ื–ืจื™,
06:37
Foie gras does involve force-feeding of birds.
129
397610
2908
ื›ื‘ื“ ืื•ื•ื– ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ื”ืื›ืœื” ื‘ื›ืคื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ื•ื–ื™ื.
06:40
So this hurt their bodies, and their spirits were not in good shape, either.
130
400971
3667
ืื– ื–ื” ืคื’ืข ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื”ื, ื•ืจื•ื—ื ื’ื ื”ื™ื ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”.
06:44
But thankfully, they were rescued by a farm sanctuary in upstate New York.
131
404662
4662
ืื‘ืœ ืœืžื–ืœื, ื”ื ื”ื•ืฆืœื• ื•ื”ื•ื‘ืื• ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฆืœื” ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง.
06:49
And for four years, they stabilized, and they were fast friends.
132
409348
3715
ื•ื‘ืžืฉืš ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื, ื”ื ื”ืฉืชืงืžื• ื•ื”ืคื›ื• ืœื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื.
06:53
They often took themselves to a small pond on the property.
133
413087
3487
ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ืฉื”ื• ื‘ืื’ื ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ืฉื˜ื—.
06:57
Then, Kohl started to have really intractable pain in his legs,
134
417711
4050
ื•ืื–, ืงื•ืœ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื—ื•ืฉ ื›ืื‘ ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืกื‘ืœ ื‘ืจื’ืœื™ื•,
07:01
and it was clear to the sanctuary that he had to be euthanized humanely,
135
421785
4079
ื•ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื•ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ืจื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื•,
07:05
and he was.
136
425888
1429
ื•ื”ื•ื ืื›ืŸ ื”ื•ืžืช ื‘ื”ืจื“ืžื”.
07:07
But then the sanctuary workers did a brilliant thing,
137
427341
2587
ืื‘ืœ ืื– ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ื—ื•ื•ื” ืขืฉื• ืžืฉื”ื• ื’ืื•ื ื™,
07:09
because they brought Harper to the body to see.
138
429952
3622
ื›ื™ ื”ื ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืืช ื”ืืจืคืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืคื”.
07:14
And at first, Harper prodded the body of his friend,
139
434015
3035
ื•ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื”, ื”ืืจืคืจ ื“ื—ืฃ ืืช ื’ื•ืคืช ื—ื‘ืจื•,
07:17
but then he laid himself over it,
140
437074
3229
ืื‘ืœ ืื– ื”ื•ื ื ืฉื›ื‘ ืžืขืœื™ื•,
07:20
and he stayed there for over an hour with his friend.
141
440327
3032
ื•ื”ื•ื ื ืฉืืจ ืฉื ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉืขื” ืขื ื”ื—ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื•.
07:23
And in the weeks after,
142
443996
2941
ื•ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืฉืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ,
07:26
he had a hard time.
143
446961
1696
ื”ื•ื ื”ืชืงืฉื”.
07:28
He would go back to that same pond where he had been with Kohl,
144
448681
3148
ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืœืื•ืชื• ืื’ื ื‘ื• ื‘ื™ืœื” ืขื ืงื•ืœ,
07:31
and he didn't want any other friends.
145
451853
2115
ื•ื”ื•ื ืœื ืจืฆื” ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืœืืฃ ื—ื™ื” ืื—ืจืช.
07:34
And within two months, he died as well.
146
454536
2534
ื•ื‘ืชื•ืš ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื™ื ื’ื ื”ื•ื ืžืช.
07:38
Now, I'm happy to say
147
458307
1306
ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื ื™ ืฉืžื—ื” ืœื•ืžืจ
07:39
that not all grieving animals have this sorrowful outcome.
148
459637
3821
ืฉืœื ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื” ืฉืžืชืื‘ืœืช ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืœืกื•ืฃ ื›ื–ื” ืขืฆื•ื‘.
07:43
Last summer, I flew to Boston to visit my adult daughter, Sarah.
149
463482
4424
ื‘ืงื™ืฅ ืฉืขื‘ืจ, ื˜ืกืชื™ ืœื‘ื•ืกื˜ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ืงืจ ืืช ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื‘ื•ื’ืจืช, ืฉืจื”.
07:48
I was with my husband Charlie.
150
468375
1513
ื‘ืืชื™ ืขื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืฆ'ืจืœื™.
07:49
I really needed a break from work.
151
469912
2810
ืžืžืฉ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื–ืงื•ืงื” ืœื”ืคืกืงื” ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
07:53
But I succumbed, and I checked my work email.
152
473508
3474
ืื‘ืœ ื ื›ื ืขืชื™ ื•ื‘ื“ืงืชื™ ืืช ื”ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ื”ืขืกืงื™ ืฉืœื™,
07:57
You know how that is.
153
477006
1157
ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื™ืš ื–ื”.
07:58
And there was a communication about a dejected donkey.
154
478187
4321
ื•ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื ื”ืชื›ืชื‘ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืืชื•ืŸ ืžื“ื•ื›ืืช.
08:03
Now, as an anthropologist, this wasn't what I expected,
155
483153
2695
ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื›ืื ืชืจื•ืคื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช, ืœื ืฆื™ืคื™ืชื™ ืœื–ื”,
08:05
but there it was, and I'm glad I read it.
156
485872
2028
ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืฉื, ื•ืื ื™ ืฉืžื—ื” ืฉืงืจืืชื™ ืืช ื–ื”.
08:07
Because a donkey named Lena had gone to another farm sanctuary,
157
487924
4162
ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืืชื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ืœื™ื ื” ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืฆืœื” ืื—ืจืช,
08:12
this one in Alberta, Canada,
158
492110
2194
ื–ืืช ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืืœื‘ืจื˜ื”, ืงื ื“ื”,
08:14
as the only donkey there,
159
494328
2044
ื•ื›ืืชื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืฉื,
08:17
and had trouble making friends for that reason.
160
497150
2690
ื”ื™ื” ืœื” ืงืฉื” ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช.
08:19
But she eventually did make friends with an older horse named Jake,
161
499864
3203
ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืกื•ืก ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฉื ื’'ื™ื™ืง,
08:23
and for three years they were inseparable.
162
503091
2994
ื•ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืคืจื“ื™ื.
08:26
But the reason the email came was that Jake, at age 32, the horse,
163
506109
3874
ืื‘ืœ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ืื™ืžื™ื™ืœ ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื’'ื™ื™ืง, ื”ืกื•ืก, ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 32,
08:30
had become gravely ill and had to be put down,
164
510007
3315
ื—ืœื” ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ื” ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ืจื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื•,
08:33
and this is what was going on.
165
513765
3063
ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืงืจื”.
08:36
This is Lena standing on Jake's grave.
166
516852
2571
ื–ืืช ืœื™ื ื” ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืขืœ ืงื‘ืจื• ืฉืœ ื’'ื™ื™ืง.
08:39
She didn't want to come in at night. She didn't want to come in for food.
167
519447
3476
ื”ื™ื ืœื ืจืฆืชื” ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืขืช ืขืจื‘, ื”ื™ื ืœื ืจืฆืชื” ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืื›ื•ืœ,
08:42
She didn't want to come in for water.
168
522947
1855
ื”ื™ื ืœื ืจืฆืชื” ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœืฉืชื•ืช.
08:44
She pawed at the grave, she brayed in distress,
169
524826
2985
ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขื˜ื” ื‘ืื“ืžืช ื”ืงื‘ืจ, ื”ื™ื ื ืขืจื” ื‘ืžืฆื•ืงื”,
08:47
and there she stood.
170
527835
1682
ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืขืžื“ื” ืฉื.
08:50
So we talked and we brainstormed.
171
530292
2478
ืื– ื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื• ื•ื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฆื ื•.
08:52
What do you do for an animal like this?
172
532794
2362
ืžื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื™ื” ื›ื–ืืช?
08:55
And we talked about the role of time,
173
535180
2315
ื•ื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ืขืœ ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ื–ืžืŸ,
08:57
of extra love and kindness from people
174
537519
2667
ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื‘ ืขื•ื“ืคื™ื ืžืฆื“ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื
09:00
and of urging her to make a new friend.
175
540210
2814
ื•ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื“ื—ื•ืฃ ืื•ืชื” ืœืžืฆื•ื ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื.
09:03
And here's where her trajectory does diverge from that of Harper the duck,
176
543048
4725
ื•ื›ืืŸ ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœื” ืžืชืคืฆืœ ืžื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืจืคืจ ื”ืื•ื•ื–,
09:07
because she did make a new friend,
177
547797
1901
ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืื›ืŸ ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœืžืฆื•ื ื—ื‘ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ,
09:09
and sanctuary workers wrote back and said it worked out well.
178
549722
2980
ื•ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ื—ื•ื•ื” ื›ืชื‘ื• ื—ื–ืจื” ื•ืกื™ืคืจื• ืฉื–ื” ื”ืฆืœื™ื—.
09:14
Now sometimes, scientists supplement observation
179
554052
3425
ืœืคืขืžื™ื, ื”ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืœืชืฆืคื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื
09:17
with hormonal analysis.
180
557501
1880
ื’ื ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื•ืจืžื•ื ืœื™.
09:19
There's an example of a group of scientists in Botswana,
181
559976
2831
ื™ืฉื ื” ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืฉืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœ ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืฆื•ืื ื”,
09:22
who took fecal material from baboons and compared two different groups.
182
562831
4549
ืฉืœืงื—ื• ื“ื’ื™ืžื•ืช ืฆื•ืื” ืžื‘ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืฉื•ื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช.
09:27
The first group were females who had witnessed a predator attack
183
567404
4108
ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื• ื ืงื‘ื•ืช ืฉื—ื•ื• ืžืชืงืคื” ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื” ื˜ื•ืจืคืช
09:31
and lost someone in that attack,
184
571536
2489
ื•ืื™ื‘ื“ื• ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื‘ืžืชืงืคื” ื”ื–ืืช.
09:34
and the second group were females who had witnessed an attack
185
574049
2859
ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ื”ื™ื• ื ืงื‘ื•ืช ืฉืจืื• ืืช ื”ืžืชืงืคื”
09:36
but had not lost someone.
186
576932
1789
ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืื™ื‘ื“ื• ืืฃ ืื—ื“.
09:38
And the stress hormones were way up in that first group.
187
578745
2739
ื•ืจืžื•ืช ื”ื•ืจืžื•ื ื™ ื”ืœื—ืฅ ื”ื™ื• ืžืžืฉ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”.
09:41
But here's the thing:
188
581895
1242
ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจ:
09:43
the scientists didn't just call them "stressed baboons,"
189
583161
2739
ื”ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ืœื ืจืง ื›ื™ื ื• ืื•ืชื "ื‘ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืœื—ื•ืฆื™ื",
09:45
they called them "bereaved baboons,"
190
585924
2227
ื”ื ืงืจืื• ืœื”ื "ื‘ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืื‘ืœื™ื",
09:48
and in part, that's because of the observations that they made.
191
588175
3985
ื•ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช, ื–ืืช ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชืฆืคื™ื•ืช ืฉืขืจื›ื•.
09:52
For example, this mother-daughter pair were very close,
192
592184
2970
ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื–ื•ื’ ื”ืื ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื–ื” ื”ื™ื• ืžืื•ื“ ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื–ื• ืœื–ื•,
09:55
and then the daughter was killed by a lion.
193
595178
2220
ื•ืื– ื”ื‘ืช ื ื”ืจื’ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืืจื™ื”.
09:58
The mother removed herself from all her friends,
194
598118
2686
ื”ืื ื”ืจื—ื™ืงื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ืžื›ืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื”,
10:00
from her grooming networks, and just stayed by herself for weeks --
195
600828
3623
ืžืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ื— ืฉืœื”, ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื ืฉืืจื” ืœื‘ื“ื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช --
10:05
bereavement --
196
605298
1428
ืื‘ืœ --
10:06
and she then slowly recovered.
197
606750
2724
ื•ืื– ื”ื™ื ื”ื—ืœื™ืžื” ื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ื”.
10:11
So we have bereaved baboons.
198
611055
2462
ืื– ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื‘ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืื‘ืœื™ื.
10:13
Will science tell us someday about bereaved bees?
199
613918
3810
ื”ืื ื”ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื™ืกืคืจื• ืœื ื• ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืขืœ ื“ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืื‘ืœื•ืช?
10:17
Will we hear about frogs who mourn?
200
617752
3063
ื”ืื ื ืฉืžืข ืขืœ ืฆืคืจื“ืขื™ื ืฉืžืชืื‘ืœื•ืช?
10:21
I don't think so, and I think the reason is because animals really need
201
621443
3560
ืื ื™ ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช, ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš ื”ื™ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื
10:25
one-to-one, close relationships for that to happen.
202
625027
3189
ืœืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื–ื” ื™ืงืจื”.
10:28
I also know that circumstance matters, and personality matters.
203
628763
4602
ืื ื™ ื’ื ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืฉื”ืชื ืื™ื ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื, ื•ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืคื™ืขื”.
10:33
I have documented cats and dogs who grieve,
204
633389
2738
ืชื™ืขื“ืชื™ ื—ืชื•ืœื™ื ื•ื›ืœื‘ื™ื ืฉืžืชืื‘ืœื™ื,
10:36
our companion animals,
205
636151
1830
ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืœื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœื ื•.
10:38
but I also interacted with a woman who was extremely bothered
206
638005
2899
ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ื™ืฆื ืœื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ืื™ืฉื” ืฉืžืžืฉ ื”ืคืจื™ืข ืœื”
10:40
because her dog wasn't grieving.
207
640928
2223
ืฉื”ื›ืœื‘ ืฉืœื” ืœื ื”ืชืื‘ืœ.
10:43
She said to me, "The first dog in the house has died.
208
643888
3163
ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื” ืœื™, "ื”ื›ืœื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืžืช.
10:47
The second animal does not seem concerned, the second dog.
209
647075
3058
ื ืจืื” ืฉื–ื” ืœื ืžืžืฉ ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื”, ื”ื›ืœื‘ ื”ืฉื ื™.
10:50
What is wrong with him?"
210
650157
1713
ืžื” ืœื ื‘ืกื“ืจ ืื™ืชื•?"
10:51
(Laughter)
211
651894
1448
(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
10:53
And as I listened to her,
212
653366
2026
ื•ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ืงืฉื‘ืชื™ ืœื”
10:55
I realized that this dog was now the only animal in the household,
213
655416
3699
ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืฉื”ื›ืœื‘ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช,
10:59
and as far as he was concerned, that was a pretty good deal.
214
659139
3179
ื•ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืฉื–ื” ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื•, ื–ื” ืžืฆื‘ ืœื ืจืข.
11:03
So circumstances matter.
215
663079
2289
ืื– ื”ืชื ืื™ื ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื.
11:06
Now, in any case, animals are not going to grieve
216
666716
2666
ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื”, ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืœื ื™ืชืื‘ืœื•
11:09
exactly like we do.
217
669406
1849
ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชืื‘ืœื™ื.
11:11
We have human creativity.
218
671279
1757
ืœื ื• ื™ืฉ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช.
11:13
We paint our grief, dance our grief,
219
673060
3653
ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฆื™ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืื‘ืœ ืฉืœื ื•, ืจื•ืงื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ืื‘ืœ ืฉืœื ื•,
11:16
write our grief.
220
676737
1801
ื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืื‘ืœ ืฉืœื ื•.
11:18
We also can grieve for people we've never met,
221
678562
2873
ืื ื—ื ื• ื’ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืื‘ืœ ืขืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืคื’ืฉื ื•,
11:21
across space and time.
222
681459
2047
ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ืฉืœ ืžืงื•ื ื•ื–ืžืŸ.
11:23
I felt this strongly when I went to Berlin
223
683530
2661
ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ื‘ื–ื” ื‘ืขื•ืฆืžื” ืจื‘ื” ื›ืฉื‘ื™ืงืจืชื™ ื‘ื‘ืจืœื™ืŸ
11:26
and I stood at the Holocaust Memorial.
224
686215
2526
ื•ืขืžื“ืชื™ ืžื•ืœ ืื ื“ืจื˜ืช ื”ืฉื•ืื”.
11:29
Animals don't grieve exactly like we do,
225
689428
2312
ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืœื ืžืชืื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื•ื ื•,
11:31
but this doesn't mean that their grief isn't real.
226
691764
2752
ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืื‘ืœ ืฉืœื”ื ืœื ืืžื™ืชื™.
11:34
It is real, and it's searing,
227
694540
3117
ื”ื•ื ืืžื™ืชื™, ื•ื”ื•ื ื›ื•ืื‘,
11:37
and we can see it if we choose.
228
697681
2401
ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ืื ื ืจืฆื”.
11:41
Now, I've lost both my parents.
229
701495
2416
ืื ื™ ืื™ื‘ื“ืชื™ ืืช ืฉื ื™ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื™,
11:43
I lost a very dear friend at a young age from AIDS.
230
703935
3674
ืื™ื‘ื“ืชื™ ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืื•ื“ ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ืฆืขื™ืจ ืžืื™ื™ื“ืก.
11:48
I believe most likely most of you here have lost someone.
231
708220
4714
ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉืจื•ื‘ื›ื ื›ืืŸ ืื™ื‘ื“ืชื ืžื™ืฉื”ื•.
11:52
And I have found it a genuine comfort,
232
712958
3086
ื•ืžืฆืืชื™ ื ื—ืžื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช,
11:56
a solace, to know that we aren't the only beings on this earth
233
716068
4738
ืฉืงื˜ ื ืคืฉื™, ื‘ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื”ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ
12:00
who feel love and grief.
234
720830
2421
ืฉื—ืฉื™ื ืื”ื‘ื” ื•ืื‘ืœ.
12:04
And I think this is important.
235
724058
1577
ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘.
12:06
I also think we can take this a step further,
236
726173
2413
ืื ื™ ื’ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื–ื” ืฆืขื“ ืงื“ื™ืžื”,
12:08
and we can realize that the reality of animal grief
237
728610
2764
ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื
12:11
can help us be better and do better for animals.
238
731398
3873
ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื ื• ืœื”ืฉืชืคืจ ื•ืœื”ืชื ื”ื’ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื.
12:15
This is already happening with Tahlequah,
239
735295
2503
ื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืงื•ืจื” ืขื ื˜ืืœืงื”,
12:17
because the United States and Canada have renewed their talks with greater urgency
240
737822
5111
ื›ื™ ืืจื”"ื‘ ื•ืงื ื“ื” ื—ื™ื“ืฉื• ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ ื‘ื“ื—ื™ืคื•ืช
12:22
for how to help the orcas,
241
742957
1524
ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœืœื•ื™ื™ืชื ื™ ื”ืื•ืจืงื”,
12:24
how to restore the Chinook salmon
242
744505
2053
ืื™ืš ืœืฉืงื ืืช ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื”ืกืœืžื•ืŸ
12:26
and how to help with the water pollution.
243
746582
2028
ื•ืื™ืš ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ื”ืžื™ื.
12:29
We can also see that if grief is real,
244
749057
2728
ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื’ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื”ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืืžื™ืชื™,
12:31
there's tremendous plausibility to the notion
245
751809
2550
ื™ืฉื ื” ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื” ืœืชืคื™ืกื”
12:34
that animals feel a whole range of things.
246
754383
2964
ืœืคื™ื” ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื—ืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ืจื’ืฉื•ืช.
12:37
So we could look at joy, sadness, even hope.
247
757868
3916
ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืฉืžื—ื”, ืขืฆื‘ ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืชืงื•ื•ื”.
12:42
And if we do that,
248
762292
1932
ื•ืื ื ืขืฉื” ืืช ื–ื”,
12:44
here's how we can start to think about the world.
249
764248
2287
ื›ืš ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื•.
12:46
We can look at orcas and say,
250
766559
2379
ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื•ื™ืชื ื™ ืื•ืจืงื” ื•ืœื•ืžืจ,
12:48
we know they grieve, we know they feel their lives,
251
768962
2706
ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžืชืื‘ืœื™ื, ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื”ื ื—ืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ืฉืœื”ื,
12:51
and we can refuse to confine them to small tanks in theme parks
252
771692
5417
ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืกืจื‘ ืœื›ืœื•ื ืื•ืชื ื‘ืžื™ื›ืœื™ ืžื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื‘ืคืืจืงื™ ืฉืขืฉื•ืขื™ื
12:57
and make them perform for our entertainment.
253
777133
3179
ื•ืœื”ื›ืจื™ื— ืื•ืชื ืœื”ื•ืคื™ืข ืœืฉืขืฉื•ืข ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ืฉืœื ื•.
13:00
(Applause)
254
780336
2159
(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
13:02
Thank you.
255
782519
2290
ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
13:04
We can look at elephants and say, yes, they grieve,
256
784833
3051
ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ืคื™ืœื™ื ื•ืœื•ืžืจ, ื›ืŸ, ื”ื ืžืชืื‘ืœื™ื,
13:07
and we can renew our efforts against international trophy hunting
257
787908
3744
ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžืืžืฆื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื ื’ื“ ืฆื™ื“ ืคื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™
13:11
and against poaching.
258
791676
1539
ื•ื ื’ื“ ืฆื™ื“ ื—ื˜ื™ื.
13:13
(Applause)
259
793239
2038
(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
13:15
Thank you.
260
795301
1554
ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
13:16
And we can look at our closest living relatives, monkeys and apes,
261
796879
3416
ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืืœื™ื ื•, ื”ืงื•ืคื™ื ื•ื”ืฉื™ืžืคื ื–ื™ื,
13:20
and know yes they grieve, they feel their lives,
262
800319
2966
ื•ืœื“ืขืช ืฉื”ื ืžืชืื‘ืœื™ื ื•ื”ื ื—ืฉื™ื ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื,
13:23
so they don't deserve to be confined
263
803309
2497
ืื– ืœื ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื”ื ืฉื ื›ืœื ืื•ืชื
13:25
in highly invasive biomedical experiments
264
805830
3309
ื•ื ืขืจื•ืš ืขืœื™ื”ื ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•-ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื ืคื•ืœืฉื ื™ื™ื
13:29
year after year.
265
809163
1611
ืฉื ื” ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื ื”.
13:31
And, you know --
266
811393
1153
ื•ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื --
13:32
(Applause)
267
812570
1238
(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
13:33
the ducks Harper and Kohl, they tell us something too.
268
813832
3478
ื”ืื•ื•ื–ื™ื ื”ืืจืคืจ ื•ืงื•ืœ, ื’ื ื”ื ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืœื ื• ืžืฉื”ื•.
13:37
They help us connect the dots and realize that what we eat
269
817334
3646
ื”ื ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœื ื• ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืื•ื›ืœ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ื›ืœื™ื
13:41
affects how animals live.
270
821004
2242
ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื.
13:43
And it's not just foie gras, and it's not just ducks.
271
823270
3496
ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ื›ื‘ื“ ืื•ื•ื–, ื•ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ืื•ื•ื–ื™ื.
13:46
We can think about pigs and chickens and cows in factory farms,
272
826790
5444
ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื—ื–ื™ืจื™ื ื•ืขื•ืคื•ืช ื•ืคืจื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ื•ืช ืžืคืขืœ,
13:52
and we can know.
273
832258
1158
ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ืขืช.
13:53
I can tell you the science is real that these animals feel, too.
274
833440
3948
ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื›ื ืฉื”ืžื“ืข ื”ื•ื ืืžื™ืชื™ ื•ืฉืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื’ื ื™ืฉ ืจื’ืฉื•ืช.
13:57
So every single time we choose a plant-based meal,
275
837412
4520
ืื– ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืืจื•ื—ื” ื˜ื‘ืขื•ื ื™ืช,
14:01
we are contributing to reducing animal suffering.
276
841956
3737
ืื ื—ื ื• ืชื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื”ืคื—ืชืช ื”ืกื‘ืœ ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื.
14:06
(Applause)
277
846379
2891
(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
14:09
So yes, I believe in the reality of animal grief.
278
849294
4635
ืื– ื›ืŸ, ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื.
14:13
I believe in the reality of animal love,
279
853953
2185
ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื”ื‘ื” ื‘ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื,
14:16
and I think it is time for us humans
280
856162
2510
ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื
14:18
to recognize that we don't own these things.
281
858696
2673
ื ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
14:21
And when we see that,
282
861836
1530
ื•ื›ืฉื ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื›ืš,
14:23
we have an opportunity to make the world so much better for animals,
283
863390
3814
ืชื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื,
14:27
a kinder world, a gentler world,
284
867228
2303
ืขื•ืœื ื ื—ืžื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืขื“ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
14:29
and along the way, we might just save ourselves, too.
285
869555
4497
ื•ืขืœ ื”ื“ืจืš, ืื•ืœื™ ื ืฆื™ืœ ื’ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื•.
14:34
Thank you so much.
286
874076
1492
ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
14:35
(Applause)
287
875592
1601
(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
14:37
Thank you. Thank you.
288
877217
1763
ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
14:39
(Applause)
289
879004
1829
(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7