Grief and love in the animal kingdom | Barbara J. King

85,060 views ใƒป 2019-08-01

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Robin Shin ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jungmin Hwang
00:12
I'd like to tell you today about an orca named Tahlequah.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ „ ํƒˆ๋ ˆ์ฝฐ๋ž€ ์ด๋ฆ„์˜ ๋ฒ”๊ณ ๋ž˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ• ๊นŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:17
Tahlequah is also known as J35 to scientists,
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๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ํƒˆ๋ ˆ์ฝฐ๋ฅผ 'J35'๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š”๋ฐ
00:21
because she swims with the J Pod in the Salish Sea.
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J๋ฌด๋ฆฌ์— ์†ํ•ด ์ƒ๋ฆฌ์‹œํ•ด๋ฅผ ํ—ค์—„์ณ ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—์š”.
00:24
These are the waters off of British Columbia and Washington State.
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๊ทธ ๊ณณ์€ ๋ธŒ๋ฆฌํ‹ฐ์‹œ ์ปฌ๋Ÿผ๋น„์•„์ฃผ์™€ ์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด์ฃผ ์ธ๊ทผ ํ•ด์—ญ์ด๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:28
Now, last year, in July 2018,
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์ง€๋‚œ 2018๋…„ 7์›”
00:32
she was well along in her 17-month pregnancy,
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ํƒˆ๋ ˆ์ฝฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ณ„ ํƒˆ ์—†์ด ์ž„์‹  17๊ฐœ์›”์งธ์— ์ ‘์–ด๋“ค์ž
00:36
and scientists were very excited
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ํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ฐ์— ๋ถ€ํ’€์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:38
because no baby had survived in this pod for three long years.
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๋ฌด๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์€ ์ƒˆ๋ผ ๊ณ ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์‚ผ ๋…„๊ฐ„์ด๋‚˜ ๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
00:44
Now, orcas are also known as killer whales.
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๋ฒ”๊ณ ๋ž˜์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด๋ฆ„์€ ํฐ์ค„๋ฐ•์ด ๋Œ๊ณ ๋ž˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:47
They're profoundly social and profoundly intelligent beings.
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์•„์ฃผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ง€์ ์ธ ์กด์žฌ์ฃ .
00:52
And scientists are very interested in their behavior,
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ํ•™๊ณ„์—์„  ๋ฒ”๊ณ ๋ž˜์˜ ํ–‰๋™์–‘์‹์— ๋งค์šฐ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ๋งŽ์€๋ฐ
00:55
because in their social networks, they share habits, information
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์ด๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ด€๊ณ„์— ์žˆ์–ด ์Šต์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ •๋ณด๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
00:59
and even affection.
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์• ์ฐฉ์˜ ๊ฐ์ •๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:00
They create true cultures of the ocean.
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๋ฒ”๊ณ ๋ž˜์•ผ๋ง๋กœ ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค ๋ฌธ๋ช…์„ ์ผ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์กด์žฌ์ฃ .
01:04
But this pod has been in trouble.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์œ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฅ์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:08
The Chinook salmon that the orcas favor has been way down in the region,
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์ฃผ์‹์ธ ์น˜๋ˆ„ํฌ ์—ฐ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฒ”๊ณ ๋ž˜์˜ ํ™œ๋™ ํ•ด์—ญ์—์„œ ์ค„์–ด๋“ค๊ณ 
01:12
and pollution has been up.
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์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์˜ค์—ผ๋ฌผ๋งŒ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚œ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:15
But on July 24th, Tahlequah gave birth to a daughter,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 7์›” 24์ผ์— ํƒˆ๋ ˆ์ฝฐ๋Š” ๋”ธ์„ ๋‚ณ์•˜๊ณ 
01:20
and scientists were so excited by this development.
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์ด ํƒ„์ƒ์— ํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ๋ฌด์ฒ™ ๊ฐ๊ฒฉํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
01:24
But unfortunately, the same day -- in fact, shortly after birth --
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ถˆํ–‰ํžˆ๋„ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๋‚  ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ์ง€ ์–ผ๋งˆ ์•ˆ ๋˜์–ด
01:28
the calf died.
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์ƒˆ๋ผ๊ฐ€ ์ฃฝ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:31
Well, what happened next electrified animal lovers
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๊ทธ ํ›„์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ผ์€ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋™๋ฌผ ์• ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜
01:34
across the world,
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๊ฐ€์Šด์„ ์šธ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:35
because Tahlequah refused to let her baby slip off into the water.
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ํƒˆ๋ ˆ์ฝฐ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋ผ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค ์†์œผ๋กœ ๋– ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ๋ง‰์•˜๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
01:40
She kept it on her body and she swam with it.
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์—„๋งˆ๋Š” ์ˆจ์ด ๋ฉŽ์€ ๋”ธ์„ ๋ถ™๋“  ์ฑ„ ํ—ค์—„์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:43
If it did fall off, she would dive and rescue it,
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์ƒˆ๋ผ๊ฐ€ ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๊ธฐ๋ผ๋„ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ€ ๊ฑด์ ธ ์˜ฌ๋ ธ์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
01:47
and she battled stiff currents to do this.
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ํƒˆ๋ ˆ์ฝฐ๋Š” ์ฃฝ์€ ์ƒˆ๋ผ๋ฅผ ์ง€ํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฑฐ์นœ ํŒŒ๋„์™€ ์‹ธ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:51
Now, she kept this behavior up
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ํƒˆ๋ ˆ์ฝฐ๋Š” ์ด ํ–‰๋™์„
01:53
for 17 days,
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17์ผ ๋™์•ˆ์ด๋‚˜ ์ง€์†ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:56
and during this time, she swam over 1,000 miles.
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1,600ํ‚ฌ๋กœ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋„˜๋„๋ก ์ƒˆ๋ผ๋ฅผ ๋ถ™๋“ค๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์˜ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€
02:00
At that point, she let the little baby slip off into the water.
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์˜ ํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ๋ ค ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:04
So today, Tahlequah swims on with the J Pod,
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ํ˜„์žฌ ํƒˆ๋ ˆ์ฝฐ๋Š” J๋ฌด๋ฆฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์ค‘์ด์—์š”.
02:09
but her grief still moves me.
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ํƒˆ๋ ˆ์ฝฐ์˜ ์Šฌํ””์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉด ์ง€๊ธˆ๋„ ๊ฐ€์Šด์ด ์ €๋ฆฟํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:12
And I do believe that "grief" is the right word to use.
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๋„ค, "์Šฌํ””"์ด๋ž€ ๋‹จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋งž์•„์š”.
02:16
I believe that grief is the right word to use
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์Šฌํ””์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์ ํ•ฉํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:18
for numerous animals who mourn the dead.
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์ฃฝ์Œ์„ ์• ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๋™๋ฌผ์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”์š”.
02:21
They may be friends or mates or relatives.
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ด๋‚˜ ์นœ๊ตฌ, ๋™๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ฃฝ์Œ์ด๊ฒ ์ฃ .
02:25
Because these visible cues, these behavioral cues,
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์‹œ๊ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€์ฐฐ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์‹ ํ˜ธ, ํ–‰๋™์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š” ์‹ ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€
02:28
tell us something about an animal's emotional state.
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๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ฐ์ • ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:32
Now, for the last seven years,
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์ง€๋‚œ 7๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ
02:34
I've been working to document examples of animal grief --
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์ „ ๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ์Šฌํ””์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋“ค์„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•ด ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:37
in birds, in mammals,
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์กฐ๋ฅ˜์™€ ํฌ์œ ๋ฅ˜
02:39
in domesticated animals and in wild animals --
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๊ฐ€์ถ•๊ณผ ์•ผ์ƒ ๋™๋ฌผ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜์ฃ .
02:42
and I believe in the reality of animal grief.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „ ๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ์Šฌํ””์ด ์‹ค์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:46
Now, I say it this way
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š”
02:48
because I need to acknowledge to you right up front
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์•ž์—์„œ ์†”์งํžˆ ์ธ์ •ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:50
that not all scientists agree with me.
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๋ชจ๋“  ํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ์ œ ์˜๊ฒฌ์— ๋™์˜ํ•˜์ง„ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ์š”.
02:53
And part of the reason, I think,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์ด์œ  ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
02:55
is because of what I call the "a-word."
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์ œ๊ฐ€ "a๋‹จ์–ด"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:58
The a-word is anthropomorphism,
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"a๋‹จ์–ด"๋ž€ ์˜์ธ๊ด€์„ ์ด๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ
03:00
and historically, it's been a big deterrent
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์—ญ์‚ฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ฐ์ • ์ดํ•ด์— ์žˆ์–ด
03:02
to recognizing animal emotions.
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ํฐ ๊ฑธ๋ฆผ๋Œ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
So, anthropomorphism is when we project onto other animals
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์˜์ธํ™”๋Š” ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ์ธ๊ฐ„๋งŒ์˜ ๊ฐ์ •์ด๋‚˜ ์—ญํ• ์„
03:09
our capacities or our emotions.
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๋™๋ฌผ์— ํˆฌ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:12
And we can all probably think of examples of this.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋“ค์€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋“ ์ง€ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ ค ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
03:16
Let's say we have a friend who tells us,
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์˜ˆ์ปจ๋Œ€, ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
03:18
"My cat understands everything I say."
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"์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ง‘ ๊ณ ์–‘์ด๋Š” ๋‚ด ๋ง์„ ๋‹ค ์•Œ์•„๋“ค์–ด."
03:22
Or, "My dog, he's so sweet.
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ํ˜น์€ "์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐœ๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ท€์—ฌ์›Œ.
03:25
he ran right across the yard this morning towards a squirrel,
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์•„์นจ, ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋žŒ์ฅ๋ฅผ ์ซ“์•„ ๋งˆ๋‹น์œผ๋กœ ๋›ฐ์ณ๋‚˜๊ฐ”๋Š”๋ฐ
03:28
and I know he just wants to play."
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์‹ฌ์‹ฌํ•˜๋‹ˆ ๋†€์•„๋‹ฌ๋ž€ ๋œป์ด์ง€."
03:30
Well, maybe.
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ํ , ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
03:32
Or maybe not.
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์•„๋‹ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
03:33
I'm skeptical about claims like those.
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์ „ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ง๋“ค์€ ๋ฏฟ์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
03:37
But animal grief is different,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ์Šฌํ””์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:39
because we're not trying to read an animal's mind.
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์ด๊ฑด ๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ๋งˆ์Œ์„ ์ฝ์œผ๋ ค๋Š” ์‹œ๋„๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
03:42
We're looking at visible cues of behavior
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์ €๋Š” ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ํ–‰๋™ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„
03:44
and trying to interpret them with some meaning.
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๊ทธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:47
Now, it's true -- scientists often push back at me,
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•™์ž๋“ค๋„ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:50
and they'll say,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
03:51
"Ah, look, the animal might be stressed,
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"๋ญ, ๋™๋ฌผ์ด ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„์„œ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
03:53
or maybe the animal's just confused
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์•„๋‹˜ ์ž ๊น ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜์š”.
03:55
because his or her routine has been disrupted."
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ํ‰์†Œ ์ผ๊ณผ์— ๋ฐฉํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„์„œ ๋ง์ด์—์š”."
03:58
But I think that this overworry about anthropomorphism
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ์˜์ธ๊ด€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณผํ•œ ์šฐ๋ ค๋กœ
04:03
misses a fundamental point.
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋†“์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:05
And that is that animals can care very deeply for each other,
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์ฆ‰, ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์€ ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊นŠ์ด ์•„๋ผ๊ณ 
04:09
maybe they even love each other.
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์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ• ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
04:11
And when they do,
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์ •๋ง ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด
04:12
a survivor's heart can be pierced by a death.
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์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์€ ๋™๋ฌผ์€ ์ฃฝ์€ ๋™๋ฌผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ฐ€์Šด์ด ๋ฏธ์–ด์งˆ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:17
Let's face it:
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๋ˆˆ์„ ๋œจ๊ณ  ๋ณด์ž๊ณ ์š”.
04:18
if we deny evolutionary continuity,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ™”์˜ ์—ฐ์†์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ€์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
04:21
we are really missing out on embracing part of ourselves.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ผ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋†“์ณ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
04:25
So yes, I believe in the reality of animal grief,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ „ ๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ์Šฌํ””์ด ์‹ค์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์œผ๋ฉฐ
04:28
and I also think that if we recognize it,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด
04:30
we can make the world a better place for animals,
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์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ์‚ด๊ธฐ์— ๋” ์ข‹์€ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:33
a kinder place for animals.
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๋™๋ฌผ์—๊ฒŒ ๋” ๋‹ค์ •ํ•œ ๊ณณ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:36
So let me tell you a little bit more about animal grief.
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๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ์Šฌํ””์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ข€ ๋” ๋“ค๋ ค ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:40
I'm going to start in Kenya.
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์ผ€๋ƒ์—์„œ ์ถœ๋ฐœํ•ด๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”.
04:43
You see here there's an elephant named Eleanor
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด, ์—˜๋ ˆ๋…ธ์–ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ฝ”๋ผ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
04:45
who came one day with bruised legs,
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์–ด๋Š๋‚  ์—˜๋ ˆ๋…ธ์–ด๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์— ๋ฉ์ด ๋“ค์–ด ์™€์„œ๋Š”
04:48
and she collapsed.
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์ฃผ์ €์•‰์•„ ๋ฒ„๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:50
You see on the left
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์™ผ์ชฝ์„ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด
04:52
that another female named Grace came to her right away
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๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ด์Šค๋ž€ ์ด๋ฆ„์˜ ์•”์ปท์ด ์ฆ‰๊ฐ ์—˜๋ ˆ๋…ธ์–ด์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€๊ฐ€
04:55
and, using her own trunk, propped her up,
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์ฝ”๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ๋ถ€์ถ•ํ•˜๊ณ 
04:58
tried to get her up on her feet.
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์ผ์œผ์ผœ ์„ธ์šฐ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋„ค์š”.
05:00
And she did succeed,
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์„ฑ๊ณตํ–ˆ์ฃ .
05:01
but then Eleanor collapsed again.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—˜๋ ˆ๋…ธ์–ด๋Š” ๋‹ค์‹œ ์“ฐ๋Ÿฌ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:04
At this point, Grace became visibly distressed,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ž ๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ด์Šค๋Š” ์–ด์ฐŒํ•  ๋ฐ”๋ฅผ ๋ชฐ๋ผํ•˜๋ฉฐ
05:07
and she prodded the body, and she vocalized.
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์—˜๋ ˆ๋…ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ”๋“ค๊ณ  ์šธ์Œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:11
Eleanor collapsed again,
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์—˜๋ ˆ๋…ธ์–ด๋Š” ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ฃผ์ €์•‰๊ณ 
05:13
and unfortunately, she did die.
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์•ˆํƒ€๊น๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ฃฝ๊ณ  ๋ง์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:16
What you see on the right is a female from another family named Maui,
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์˜ค๋ฅธ์ชฝ์€ ๋งˆ์šฐ์ด๋ž€ ์ด๋ฆ„์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ์•”์ปท์ธ๋ฐ,
05:20
who came after the death, and she stayed at the body.
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์—˜๋ ˆ๋…ธ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ฃฝ์€ ๋’ค์— ์™€์„œ ์‚ฌ์ฒด ๊ณ์„ ์ง€ํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:23
She held a vigil there, and she even rocked in distress
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๋งˆ์šฐ์ด๋Š” ๋ฐค์ƒˆ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์„ ์ง€์ผฐ๊ณ ,
์—˜๋ ˆ๋…ธ์–ด์˜ ์ฃฝ์Œ์— ๋ชธ์„ ํ”๋“ค๋ฉฐ ๊ดด๋กœ์›Œํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:27
over the body.
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05:28
So the scientists watching the elephants
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๊ทธ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณธ ํ•™์ž๋“ค์€
05:31
kept close observation on Eleanor's body
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์—˜๋ ˆ๋…ธ์–ด์˜ ์‚ฌ์ฒด ์ฃผ๋ณ€์—์„œ 7์ผ ๋™์•ˆ
05:34
for seven days.
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์ฝ”๋ผ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์˜ ํ–‰๋™์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:36
And during those seven days,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ
05:37
a parade of elephants came
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์ฝ”๋ผ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์€ ๊ณ„์† ์ด์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:39
from five different families.
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๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
05:42
Now, some were just curious,
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์ผ๋ถ€ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ์ € ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ์— ๊ทธ์ณค์ง€๋งŒ,
05:44
but others carried out behaviors
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ฝ”๋ผ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€ ์ •๋ง
05:45
that I really believe should be classified as grief.
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์Šฌํ””์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋  ๋งŒํ•œ ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋ณด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:50
So what does grief look like?
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์Šฌํ””์ด ๋ญ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
05:52
It can be rocking, as I said, in distress.
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์•ž์„œ ๋งํ•œ ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ดด๋กœ์›€์— ๋ชธ๋ถ€๋ฆผ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:55
It can also be social withdrawal,
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์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ„์ถ•๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ ์š”.
05:57
when an animal just takes himself or herself away from friends
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๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋ฉ€์ฐ์ด ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ
06:01
and stays by themselves,
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ํ™€๋กœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
06:04
or a failure to eat or sleep properly,
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์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋จน์ง€๋„ ์ž์ง€๋„ ์•Š๊ณ 
06:07
sometimes a depressed posture or vocalization.
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๋‚ฎ์€ ์ž์„ธ๋ฅผ ์ทจํ•˜๊ณ , ์šธ์Œ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”.
06:11
It can be very helpful for those of us studying this
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์ €์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
06:14
to be able to compare the behavior of a survivor before death
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๋™๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ฃฝ์Œ ์ „ํ›„๋กœ ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์€ ๋™๋ฌผ์ด ์ทจํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
06:18
and after death,
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๋งŽ์€ ๋„์›€์ด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:19
because that increases the rigor of our interpretation.
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๊ทธ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํ•ด์„์˜ ์ •ํ™•๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
06:23
And I can explain this to you
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด๋“œ๋ฆดํ…๋ฐ,
06:25
by talking about two ducks named Harper and Kohl.
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ํ•˜ํผ์™€ ์ฝœ์ด๋ž€ ์ด๋ฆ„์˜ ๋‘ ์˜ค๋ฆฌ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:30
So we're into birds now.
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์ด์ œ ์กฐ๋ฅ˜๋กœ ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ฃ .
06:32
So Harper and Kohl were raised at a foie gras factory,
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ํ•˜ํผ์™€ ์ฝœ์€ ํ‘ธ์•„๊ทธ๋ผ ๊ณต์žฅ์—์„œ ๊ธธ๋Ÿฌ์กŒ๊ณ 
06:35
and they were treated cruelly.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์–‘์œก ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ์ž”์ธํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
06:37
Foie gras does involve force-feeding of birds.
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ํ‘ธ์•„๊ทธ๋ผ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์˜ค๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ•์ œ๋กœ ๋จน์ด๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ž…ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
06:40
So this hurt their bodies, and their spirits were not in good shape, either.
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์ด๋Š” ์˜ค๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ชธ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ •์‹ ๋„ ํ•ด์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
06:44
But thankfully, they were rescued by a farm sanctuary in upstate New York.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹คํ–‰ํžˆ๋„ ๊ทธ ์˜ค๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€ ๊ตฌ์ถœ๋˜์–ด ๋‰ด์š• ๋ถ๋ถ€์˜ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์†Œ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ์ ธ์š”.
06:49
And for four years, they stabilized, and they were fast friends.
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์ดํ›„ ๋‘˜์€ ์•ˆ์ •๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , 4๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ฃฝ๋งˆ๊ณ ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:53
They often took themselves to a small pond on the property.
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์ด๋“ค์€ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ตฌ์—ญ ๋‚ด ์ž‘์€ ์—ฐ๋ชป์— ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋‚˜๋“ค์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๊ณค ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:57
Then, Kohl started to have really intractable pain in his legs,
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์–ด๋Š ๋‚  ์ฝœ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„ํ”„๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๊ณ  ์†์“ฐ๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“ค ์ •๋„์˜ ๊ณ ํ†ต์ด ๋˜์ž
07:01
and it was clear to the sanctuary that he had to be euthanized humanely,
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๋ณดํ˜ธ์†Œ์ธก์—์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ๋ฝ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ตœ์„ ์ด๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๊ณ 
07:05
and he was.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:07
But then the sanctuary workers did a brilliant thing,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์†Œ ์ง์›๋“ค์ด ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ผ์„ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:09
because they brought Harper to the body to see.
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ํ•˜ํผ๊ฐ€ ์ฃฝ์€ ์ฝœ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
07:14
And at first, Harper prodded the body of his friend,
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์ฒ˜์Œ์— ํ•˜ํผ๋Š” ์ฃฝ์€ ์นœ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชธ์„ ์ฟก์ฟก ์ฐ”๋Ÿฌ๋Œ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:17
but then he laid himself over it,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์œ„์— ๋ชธ์„ ์–น๊ณ ๋Š”
07:20
and he stayed there for over an hour with his friend.
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ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋„˜๋„๋ก ์นœ๊ตฌ ๊ณ์— ๋จธ๋ฌผ๋ €์ฃ .
07:23
And in the weeks after,
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๊ทธ ์ผ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋ช‡ ์ฃผ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‚˜๋„๋ก
07:26
he had a hard time.
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ํ•˜ํผ๋Š” ํž˜๋“  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ฒช์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:28
He would go back to that same pond where he had been with Kohl,
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ํ•˜ํผ๋Š” ์ฝœ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ฐ€๋˜ ๊ทธ ์—ฐ๋ชป์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ฐ€๊ณค ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
07:31
and he didn't want any other friends.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์™€๋„ ์นœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ง€๋‚ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”.
07:34
And within two months, he died as well.
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๋‘ ๋‹ฌ ํ›„, ํ•˜ํผ๋„ ์ฃฝ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:38
Now, I'm happy to say
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹คํ–‰ํžˆ๋„
07:39
that not all grieving animals have this sorrowful outcome.
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์Šฌํ””์„ ๊ฒช๋Š” ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ์•ˆํƒ€๊นŒ์šด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋งž๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:43
Last summer, I flew to Boston to visit my adult daughter, Sarah.
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์ง€๋‚œ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„, ์ „ ๋ณด์Šคํ„ด์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ œ ๋”ธ ์‚ฌ๋ผ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:48
I was with my husband Charlie.
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๋‚จํŽธ ์ฐฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜์š”.
07:49
I really needed a break from work.
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์—…๋ฌด์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜ ํœด์‹์ด ์ ˆ์‹คํ•˜๋˜ ์ฐธ์ด์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
07:53
But I succumbed, and I checked my work email.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ „ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ด๊ธฐ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์—…๋ฌด ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ง์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:57
You know how that is.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ ์žˆ์œผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์ฃ ?
07:58
And there was a communication about a dejected donkey.
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์ „ ๋‚™๋‹ดํ•œ ๋‹น๋‚˜๊ท€์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ฉ”์ผ์„ ์ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:03
Now, as an anthropologist, this wasn't what I expected,
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์ธ๋ฅ˜ํ•™์ž๋กœ์„œ ๋งํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
08:05
but there it was, and I'm glad I read it.
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๋ฉ”์ผํ•จ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ  ์ฝ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ž˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:07
Because a donkey named Lena had gone to another farm sanctuary,
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๋‹น๋‚˜๊ท€ ๋ ˆ๋‚˜๋Š”
์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค ์•Œ๋ฒ„ํƒ€์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์†Œ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ์กŒ๋Š”๋ฐ
08:12
this one in Alberta, Canada,
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08:14
as the only donkey there,
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๊ทธ๊ณณ์˜ ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๋‹น๋‚˜๊ท€์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:17
and had trouble making friends for that reason.
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๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๊ท€๋Š” ๋ฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
08:19
But she eventually did make friends with an older horse named Jake,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–ผ๋งˆ ์•ˆ ๊ฐ€ ๋ ˆ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ œ์ดํฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๋ง๊ณผ ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ ,
08:23
and for three years they were inseparable.
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๊ทธ ๋‘˜์€ 3๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ํ•œ์‹œ๋„ ๋–จ์–ด์งˆ ์ค„ ๋ชฐ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:26
But the reason the email came was that Jake, at age 32, the horse,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฉ”์ผ์˜ ์ฃผ ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ 32์‚ด ๋จน์€ ๋ง, ์ œ์ดํฌ๊ฐ€
๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ด ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์•…ํ™”๋˜์–ด ์–ธ๋ฝ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ผœ์•ผ๋งŒ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
08:30
had become gravely ill and had to be put down,
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08:33
and this is what was going on.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๋‚ด์šฉ์€ ์ด๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:36
This is Lena standing on Jake's grave.
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์—ฌ๊ธธ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด ๋ ˆ๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์ œ์ดํฌ์˜ ๋ฌด๋ค ์•ž์— ์„œ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:39
She didn't want to come in at night. She didn't want to come in for food.
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๋ ˆ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฐค์— ์ž ์„ ์ž์ง€๋„ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ  ์Œ์‹์„ ๋จน์ง€๋„ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:42
She didn't want to come in for water.
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๋ฌผ ๋งˆ์‹œ์กฐ์ฐจ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:44
She pawed at the grave, she brayed in distress,
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๋ ˆ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ œ์ดํฌ์˜ ๋ฌด๋ค์„ ๋ฐœ๋กœ ๊ธ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์šธ๋ถ€์ง–์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:47
and there she stood.
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๋ฌด๋ค ์•ž์— ๊ณ„์† ์„œ์„œ์š”.
08:50
So we talked and we brainstormed.
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๋ธŒ๋ ˆ์ธ์Šคํ† ๋ฐ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:52
What do you do for an animal like this?
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๋ ˆ๋‚˜๊ฐ™์€ ๋™๋ฌผ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
08:55
And we talked about the role of time,
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ํ๋ฅด๋ฉด ๋‚˜์•„์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ ๊ฑฐ๋‹ค,
08:57
of extra love and kindness from people
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด์ด ์ข€ ๋” ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•ด์ฃผ๊ณ  ๋ณด์‚ดํŽด์ฃผ๋ฉด ๋„์›€์ด ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค,
09:00
and of urging her to make a new friend.
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๋ ˆ๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋ฅธ ์ƒˆ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๊ท€๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ž ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:03
And here's where her trajectory does diverge from that of Harper the duck,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ ˆ๋‚˜๋Š” ์˜ค๋ฆฌ ํ•˜ํผ์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธธ์„ ๊ฑท๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:07
because she did make a new friend,
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์ƒˆ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๊ท„ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
09:09
and sanctuary workers wrote back and said it worked out well.
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๋ณดํ˜ธ์†Œ ์ง์›๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ž˜ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํŽธ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:14
Now sometimes, scientists supplement observation
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์š”์ฆ˜์€ ํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ๊ด€์ฐฐ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ
09:17
with hormonal analysis.
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ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ ๋ถ„์„์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜๊ณค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:19
There's an example of a group of scientists in Botswana,
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๊ทธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ธ ์™€๋‚˜์—์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ํ•™์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
09:22
who took fecal material from baboons and compared two different groups.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐœ์ฝ”์›์ˆญ์ด์˜ ๋ฐฐ์„ค๋ฌผ์„ ์ฑ„์ทจํ•ด ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ง‘๋‹จ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:27
The first group were females who had witnessed a predator attack
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์€ ํฌ์‹์ž์˜ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ชฉ๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ณ 
09:31
and lost someone in that attack,
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๊ทธ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์žƒ์€ ์•”์ปท ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ์˜€๊ณ 
09:34
and the second group were females who had witnessed an attack
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์€ ํฌ์‹์ž์˜ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ชฉ๊ฒฉํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
09:36
but had not lost someone.
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์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์ฃฝ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์•”์ปท์˜ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ์˜€์–ด์š”.
09:38
And the stress hormones were way up in that first group.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์—์„œ๋Š” ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ํ˜ธ๋ฅด๋ชฌ์ด ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๋†’์•˜์ฃ .
09:41
But here's the thing:
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
09:43
the scientists didn't just call them "stressed baboons,"
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ํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์€ "์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค ์ง‘๋‹จ"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
09:45
they called them "bereaved baboons,"
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"์‚ฌ๋ณ„ํ•œ ์ง‘๋‹จ"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ €์–ด์š”.
09:48
and in part, that's because of the observations that they made.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
09:52
For example, this mother-daughter pair were very close,
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๊ฐ€๋ น, ํ•œ ์—„๋งˆ์™€ ๋”ธ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ๋ณ„ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
09:55
and then the daughter was killed by a lion.
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๋”ธ์ด ์‚ฌ์ž์˜ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์— ์ฃฝ๊ณ  ๋ง์•˜๊ณ 
09:58
The mother removed herself from all her friends,
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์—„๋งˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋ฃจ๋ฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
10:00
from her grooming networks, and just stayed by herself for weeks --
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์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊ฒฉ๋ฆฌ์‹œ์ผœ ๋ช‡ ์ฃผ๊ฐ„ ํ™€๋กœ ์ง€๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:05
bereavement --
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๊ฐ€์กฑ์„ ์žƒ์—ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
10:06
and she then slowly recovered.
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๊ทธ์ œ์•ผ ์—„๋งˆ ์›์ˆญ์ด๋Š” ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ํšŒ๋ณตํ•ด ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:11
So we have bereaved baboons.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ณ„ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ฝ”์›์ˆญ์ด๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:13
Will science tell us someday about bereaved bees?
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๊ณผํ•™์ด ์‚ฌ๋ณ„ํ•œ ๋ฒŒ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ ค์ค„ ๋‚ ์ด ์˜ฌ๊นŒ์š”?
10:17
Will we hear about frogs who mourn?
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์–ธ์  ๊ฐ€ ์• ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋“ฃ๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
10:21
I don't think so, and I think the reason is because animals really need
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์•„๋งˆ ์•„๋‹ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„ 
๋™๋ฌผ๊ณผ 1:1๋กœ ์ •๋ง ์นœ๋ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งบ์–ด์•ผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
10:25
one-to-one, close relationships for that to happen.
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10:28
I also know that circumstance matters, and personality matters.
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์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋‚˜ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ ์š”.
10:33
I have documented cats and dogs who grieve,
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์ €๋Š” ์Šฌํผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณ ์–‘์ด์™€ ๊ฐœ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์† ๋ชจ์•„์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:36
our companion animals,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์นœ๊ทผํ•œ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
10:38
but I also interacted with a woman who was extremely bothered
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์€ ๋ณธ์ธ์˜ ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ์Šฌํผํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋กœ
10:40
because her dog wasn't grieving.
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๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ํž˜๋“ค์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋ถ„๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:43
She said to me, "The first dog in the house has died.
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"์ฒซ์งธ๊ฐ€ ์ง‘์—์„œ ์ฃฝ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
10:47
The second animal does not seem concerned, the second dog.
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๊ทผ๋ฐ ๋‘˜์งธ๋Š” ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์ง€๋„ ์•Š๋”๋ผ๊ณ ์š”.
10:50
What is wrong with him?"
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๋‘˜์งธ๋Š” ๋ญ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ธ๊ฑฐ์ฃ ?"
10:51
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
10:53
And as I listened to her,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ๋ถ„์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์„ ๋•Œ
10:55
I realized that this dog was now the only animal in the household,
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๊นจ๋‹ฌ์€ ๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ์ง‘์— ๋‚จ์€ ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๋™๋ฌผ์ด๊ณ 
10:59
and as far as he was concerned, that was a pretty good deal.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ ๊ฐœ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ฝค ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
11:03
So circumstances matter.
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์ด๋ ‡๋“ฏ, ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:06
Now, in any case, animals are not going to grieve
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์–ด์จŒ๋“  ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์˜ ์• ๋„ ๋ฐฉ์‹์€
11:09
exactly like we do.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:11
We have human creativity.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๋…์ฐฝ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
11:13
We paint our grief, dance our grief,
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ถค์„ ์ถ”๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ 
11:16
write our grief.
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๊ธ€์„ ์จ์„œ ์Šฌํ””์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
11:18
We also can grieve for people we've never met,
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ๋งŒ๋‚œ ์  ์—†๋Š” ์ด์˜ ์ฃฝ์Œ์—๋„ ์Šฌํผํ•  ์ค„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:21
across space and time.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์—์š”.
11:23
I felt this strongly when I went to Berlin
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด ๊ฐ์ •์„ ์—ฌ์‹คํžˆ ๋Š๋‚€ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฒ ๋ฅผ๋ฆฐ์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•ด
11:26
and I stood at the Holocaust Memorial.
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ํ™€๋กœ์ฝ”์ŠคํŠธ ์ถ”๋ชจ๊ธฐ๋…๊ด€์— ์„œ ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:29
Animals don't grieve exactly like we do,
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๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ผญ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ชจ์Šต์œผ๋กœ ์Šฌํผํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:31
but this doesn't mean that their grief isn't real.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ์Šฌํ””์ด ์‹ค์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:34
It is real, and it's searing,
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ง„์‹คํ•˜๊ณ ๋„ ์ ˆ์‹คํ•œ ๊ฐ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:37
and we can see it if we choose.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์Œ๋งŒ ๋จน์œผ๋ฉด ๋Š๋‚„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
11:41
Now, I've lost both my parents.
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์ œ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์€ ๋‘ ๋ถ„ ๋‹ค ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:43
I lost a very dear friend at a young age from AIDS.
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์ œ ์นœํ•œ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์—์ด์ฆˆ๋กœ ์ Š์€ ๋‚˜์ด์— ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋– ๋‚ฌ๊ณ ์š”.
11:48
I believe most likely most of you here have lost someone.
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์•„๋งˆ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์žƒ์€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ์žˆ์œผ์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:52
And I have found it a genuine comfort,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ป์€ ํฐ ์œ„์•ˆ๊ณผ ์œ„๋กœ๋Š”
11:56
a solace, to know that we aren't the only beings on this earth
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์ง€๊ตฌ์ƒ์—์„œ ์œ ์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ธ๊ฐ„๋งŒ์ด ์‚ฌ๋ž‘๊ณผ ์Šฌํ””์„ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ์กด์žฌ๊ฐ€
12:00
who feel love and grief.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:04
And I think this is important.
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์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:06
I also think we can take this a step further,
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๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
12:08
and we can realize that the reality of animal grief
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๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ์Šฌํ””์ด ์‹ค์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋˜๋„๋ก,
12:11
can help us be better and do better for animals.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋™๋ฌผ์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋กœ์šด ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋•๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„์š”.
12:15
This is already happening with Tahlequah,
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์ด๋Š” ํƒˆ๋ ˆ์ฝฐ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จํ•ด ๋ฒŒ์จ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
12:17
because the United States and Canada have renewed their talks with greater urgency
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ธด๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํšŒ๋‹ด์„ ์žฌ๊ฐœํ•ด
12:22
for how to help the orcas,
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๋ฒ”๊ณ ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋•๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ
12:24
how to restore the Chinook salmon
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์น˜๋ˆ„ํฌ ์—ฐ์–ด์˜ ๊ฐœ์ฒด์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํšŒ๋ณต์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•
12:26
and how to help with the water pollution.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์งˆ์˜ค์—ผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ ๋“ฑ์„ ์˜๋…ผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:29
We can also see that if grief is real,
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๋˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜, ๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ์Šฌํ””์ด ์ง„์งœ๋ผ๋ฉด
12:31
there's tremendous plausibility to the notion
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์ด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:34
that animals feel a whole range of things.
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๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฒ”์œ„์˜ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ๋Š๋‚„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋ง์ด์—์š”.
12:37
So we could look at joy, sadness, even hope.
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๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ธฐ์จ๊ณผ ์Šฌํ””, ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ํฌ๋ง๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:42
And if we do that,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด
12:44
here's how we can start to think about the world.
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์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:46
We can look at orcas and say,
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๋ฒ”๊ณ ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด,
12:48
we know they grieve, we know they feel their lives,
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๊ณ ๋ž˜๋“ค๋„ ์• ๋„์™€ ์ƒ๋ช…์˜ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ๋Š๋‚„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:51
and we can refuse to confine them to small tanks in theme parks
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ํ…Œ๋งˆํŒŒํฌ์˜ ์ž‘์€ ์ˆ˜์กฑ๊ด€์— ๊ณ ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋‘๊ณ ,
12:57
and make them perform for our entertainment.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜๋งŒ์กฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณต์—ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ง‰์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
13:00
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
13:02
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:04
We can look at elephants and say, yes, they grieve,
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์ฝ”๋ผ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด์„œ "๊ทธ๋ž˜, ์ฝ”๋ผ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์Šฌํผํ•  ์ค„ ์•Œ์•„" ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:07
and we can renew our efforts against international trophy hunting
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ๋งŒ์—ฐํ•œ ๋™๋ฌผ ์‚ฌ๋ƒฅ๊ณผ ๋ฐ€๋ ต์— ๋Œ€ํ•ญํ•ด
13:11
and against poaching.
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์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๋” ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
13:13
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
13:15
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:16
And we can look at our closest living relatives, monkeys and apes,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์›์ˆญ์ด์™€ ์œ ์ธ์›์€ ์–ด๋–ค๊ฐ€์š”?
13:20
and know yes they grieve, they feel their lives,
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๊ทธ๋“ค ์—ญ์‹œ ์Šฌํผํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:23
so they don't deserve to be confined
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ˆ˜๋…„๊ฐ„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์— ๊ฐ‡ํ˜€
13:25
in highly invasive biomedical experiments
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์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ์ƒ์ฒด์‹คํ—˜์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
13:29
year after year.
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์˜จ๋‹นํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:31
And, you know --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
13:32
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
13:33
the ducks Harper and Kohl, they tell us something too.
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์˜ค๋ฆฌ ํ•˜ํผ์™€ ์ฝœ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ์ค€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ญ˜๊นŒ์š”?
13:37
They help us connect the dots and realize that what we eat
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์ž˜ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด, ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋จน๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ์‚ถ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:41
affects how animals live.
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13:43
And it's not just foie gras, and it's not just ducks.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ํ‘ธ์•„๊ทธ๋ผ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋ฆฌ๋งŒ ํ•ด๋‹น๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:46
We can think about pigs and chickens and cows in factory farms,
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๊ณต์žฅ์‹ ๋†์žฅ์—์„œ ๊ธธ๋Ÿฌ์ง€๋Š” ๋ผ์ง€์™€ ๋‹ญ, ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๋ฉด
13:52
and we can know.
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๊ธˆ๋ฐฉ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
13:53
I can tell you the science is real that these animals feel, too.
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์ด ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค๋„ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ๋Š๋‚€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณผํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:57
So every single time we choose a plant-based meal,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฑ„์‹ ์œ„์ฃผ์˜ ์‹์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ•  ๋•Œ๋งˆ๋‹ค
14:01
we are contributing to reducing animal suffering.
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๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ณ ํ†ต์„ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋ณดํƒฌ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:06
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
14:09
So yes, I believe in the reality of animal grief.
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์ €๋Š” ๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ์Šฌํ””์ด ์‹ค์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:13
I believe in the reality of animal love,
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์ „ ๋™๋ฌผ์ด ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ž‘๋„ ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:16
and I think it is time for us humans
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ด์   ์ธ๊ฐ„๋งŒ
14:18
to recognize that we don't own these things.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ž€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•„์•ผ ํ•  ๋•Œ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:21
And when we see that,
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๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ง์‹œํ•  ๋•Œ์•ผ ๋น„๋กœ์†Œ
14:23
we have an opportunity to make the world so much better for animals,
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ๋™๋ฌผ์—๊ฒŒ ๋” ์ข‹์€ ์„ธ์ƒ, ๋” ๋‹ค์ •ํ•˜๊ณ , ์นœ์ ˆํ•œ ์„ธ์ƒ์„
14:27
a kinder world, a gentler world,
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๋ฌผ๋ ค์ค„ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋  ํ…Œ์ฃ .
14:29
and along the way, we might just save ourselves, too.
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๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:34
Thank you so much.
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์ •๋ง ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:35
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
14:37
Thank you. Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:39
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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