The refugee crisis is a test of our character | David Miliband

110,069 views ใƒป 2017-06-20

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Zeeva Livshitz ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:12
I'm going to speak to you about the global refugee crisis
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ืื ื™ ืื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ืชื›ื ืขืœ ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™
00:16
and my aim is to show you that this crisis
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ื•ืžื˜ืจืชื™ ื”ื™ื ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื ืฉืžืฉื‘ืจ ื–ื”
00:20
is manageable, not unsolvable,
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ, ื•ืื™ื ื• ื‘ืœืชื™ ืคืชื™ืจ,
00:23
but also show you that this is as much about us and who we are
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ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื ืฉื–ื” ืžืฆื‘ื™ืข ื’ื ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืขืœื™ื ื•, ื•ืขืœ ืžื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื•
00:29
as it is a trial of the refugees on the front line.
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ื›ืฉื ืฉื–ื” ืžืฉืคื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ืฉื‘ืงื• ื”ื—ื–ื™ืช.
00:33
For me, this is not just a professional obligation,
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ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ื–ื• ืื™ื ื” ืจืง ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช,
00:35
because I run an NGO supporting refugees and displaced people around the world.
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ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ืžื ื”ืœ ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืœื ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ืฉืชื•ืžืš ื‘ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื•ื‘ืขืงื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
00:40
It's personal.
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ื–ื” ืื™ืฉื™.
00:43
I love this picture.
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ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื–ืืช.
00:45
That really handsome guy on the right,
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ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ืืžืช ื™ืคื”, ืžืฆื“ ื™ืžื™ืŸ,
00:47
that's not me.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืื ื™.
00:49
That's my dad, Ralph, in London, in 1940
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ื–ื” ืื‘ื™, ืจืืœืฃ, ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ, ื‘- 1940
00:53
with his father Samuel.
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ืขื ืื‘ื™ื• ืกืžื•ืืœ.
00:55
They were Jewish refugees from Belgium.
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ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืžื‘ืœื’ื™ื”.
00:58
They fled the day the Nazis invaded.
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ื”ื ื‘ืจื—ื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื ืืฆื™ื ืคืœืฉื•.
01:02
And I love this picture, too.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ื’ื ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื–ืืช.
01:04
It's a group of refugee children
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ื–ื• ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื
01:07
arriving in England in 1946 from Poland.
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ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืื ื’ืœื™ื” ื‘- 1946 ืžืคื•ืœื™ืŸ.
01:10
And in the middle is my mother, Marion.
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ื•ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื ืžืฆืืช ืืžื™, ืžืจื™ื•ืŸ.
01:14
She was sent to start a new life
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ื”ื™ื ื ืฉืœื—ื” ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
01:17
in a new country
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ื‘ืืจืฅ ื—ื“ืฉื”
01:19
on her own
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ืœื‘ื“ื”
01:20
at the age of 12.
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ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 12.
01:22
I know this:
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ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข:
01:24
if Britain had not admitted refugees
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ืฉืื ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืงื‘ืœืช ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื
01:27
in the 1940s,
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ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืืจื‘ืขื™ื,
01:29
I certainly would not be here today.
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ืœื‘ื˜ื— ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื›ืืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื.
01:34
Yet 70 years on, the wheel has come full circle.
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, 70 ืฉื ื” ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื ืกื’ืจ ืžืขื’ืœ.
01:38
The sound is of walls being built,
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ืงื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื ื‘ื ื•ืช,
01:41
vengeful political rhetoric,
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ืจื˜ื•ืจื™ืงื” ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ื ืงืžื ื™ืช,
01:44
humanitarian values and principles on fire
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ืขืจื›ื™ื ื”ื•ืžื ื™ื˜ืจื™ื™ื ื•ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ืขื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืืฉ
01:48
in the very countries that 70 years ago said never again
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ื‘ืื•ืชืŸ ืืจืฆื•ืช ืขืฆืžืŸ ืฉืœืคื ื™ 70 ืฉื ื” ืืžืจื• ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื,
01:52
to statelessness and hopelessness for the victims of war.
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ืœื—ื•ืกืจ ื ืชื™ื ื•ืช, ื•ื—ื•ืกืจ ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืœืงื•ืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืœื—ืžื”.
01:58
Last year, every minute,
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ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื”, ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื’ืข,
02:02
24 more people were displaced from their homes
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24 ืื ืฉื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื ืขืงืจื• ืžื‘ืชื™ื”ื
02:05
by conflict, violence and persecution:
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืกื›ืกื•ืš, ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื•ืจื“ื™ืคื”:
02:08
another chemical weapon attack in Syria,
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ืขื•ื“ ื”ืชืงืคื” ื‘ื ืฉืง ื›ื™ืžื™ ื‘ืกื•ืจื™ื”,
02:11
the Taliban on the rampage in Afghanistan,
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ื‘ื”ืฉืชื•ืœืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ืืœื™ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืืคื’ื ื™ืกื˜ืŸ,
02:15
girls driven from their school in northeast Nigeria by Boko Haram.
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ื ืขืจื•ืช ื ื—ื˜ืคื• ืžื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืžื–ืจื— ื ื™ื’ืจื™ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื‘ื•ืงื• ื—ืจืื,
02:21
These are not people moving to another country
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ืืœื” ืื™ื ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื—ืช ืœืื—ืจืช
02:25
to get a better life.
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ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
02:27
They're fleeing for their lives.
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ื”ื ื ืกื™ื ืขืœ ื ืคืฉื.
02:30
It's a real tragedy
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ื–ื• ื˜ืจื’ื“ื™ื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช
02:33
that the world's most famous refugee can't come to speak to you here today.
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ืฉื”ืคืœื™ื˜ ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ื•ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ืชื›ื ื›ืืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื.
02:39
Many of you will know this picture.
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ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื›ื ื™ื–ื”ื• ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื•.
02:41
It shows the lifeless body
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ืฉืžืจืื” ื’ื•ืฃ ื—ืกืจ ื—ื™ื™ื
02:44
of five-year-old Alan Kurdi,
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ืฉืœ ืืœืŸ ื›ื•ืจื“ื™ ื‘ืŸ ื”ื—ืžืฉ,
02:46
a Syrian refugee who died in the Mediterranean in 2015.
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ืคืœื™ื˜ ืกื•ืจื™ ืฉืžืช ื‘ื™ื ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2015.
02:50
He died alongside 3,700 others trying to get to Europe.
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ื”ื•ื ืžืช ืœืฆื“ 3,700 ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉื ื™ืกื• ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืื™ืจื•ืคื”.
02:56
The next year, 2016,
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ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืœืื—ืจื™ื” ื‘ 2016,
02:58
5,000 people died.
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5,000 ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืžืชื•.
03:02
It's too late for them,
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ื–ื” ืžืื•ื—ืจ ืžื“ื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจื,
03:05
but it's not too late for millions of others.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ืžืื•ื—ืจ ืžื“ื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืื—ืจื™ื.
03:07
It's not too late for people like Frederick.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืžืื•ื—ืจ ืžื“ื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื• ืคืจื“ืจื™ืง.
03:10
I met him in the Nyarugusu refugee camp in Tanzania.
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ืคื’ืฉืชื™ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืžื—ื ื” ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื ื™ืืจื•ื’ื•ืกื• ื‘ื˜ื ื–ื ื™ื”.
03:13
He's from Burundi.
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ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื•ืจื•ื ื“ื™.
03:15
He wanted to know where could he complete his studies.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืชืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื“ืขืช ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืกื™ื™ื ืืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื•.
03:18
He'd done 11 years of schooling. He wanted a 12th year.
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ื”ื•ื ืกื™ื™ื 11 ืฉื ื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื•ืจืฆื” ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื ื” ื” 12.
03:21
He said to me, "I pray that my days do not end here
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ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ืœื™, "ืื ื™ ืžืชืคืœืœ ืฉืœื ืืกื™ื™ื ื›ืืŸ ืืช ื™ืžื™.
03:25
in this refugee camp."
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ื‘ืžื—ื ื” ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื”ื–ื”".
03:28
And it's not too late for Halud.
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื ืžืื•ื—ืจ ืžื“ื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ืืœื•ื“.
03:31
Her parents were Palestinian refugees
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ื”ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ื™ื• ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื
03:34
living in the Yarmouk refugee camp outside Damascus.
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ืฉืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ื‘ืžื—ื ื” ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื™ืจืžื•ืš ื‘ืคืืชื™ ื“ืžืฉืง.
03:37
She was born to refugee parents,
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ื”ื™ื ื ื•ืœื“ื” ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื,
03:38
and now she's a refugee herself in Lebanon.
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ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื™ื ืขืฆืžื” ืคืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ.
03:42
She's working for the International Rescue Committee to help other refugees,
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ื”ื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื”ืฆืœื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื
03:46
but she has no certainty at all
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื” ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื•ื“ืื•ืช
03:49
about her future,
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ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœืขืชื™ื“ื”,
03:51
where it is or what it holds.
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ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื™ื™ืจืื”.
03:54
This talk is about Frederick, about Halud
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ืฉื™ื—ื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืขืœ ืคืจื“ืจื™ืง, ืขืœ ื—ืืœื•ื“
03:58
and about millions like them:
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ื•ืขืœ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ื›ืžื•ืชื:
04:00
why they're displaced,
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ืœืžื” ื”ื ื ืขืงืจื•,
04:02
how they survive, what help they need and what our responsibilities are.
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ืื™ืš ื”ื ืฉื•ืจื“ื™ื, ืœืื™ื–ื• ืขื–ืจื” ื”ื ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ื•ืžื”ื™ ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
04:07
I truly believe this,
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ืื ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ืžืืžื™ืŸ,
04:10
that the biggest question in the 21st century
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ืฉื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžืื” ื” -21
04:13
concerns our duty to strangers.
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ื ื•ื’ืขืช ืœื—ื•ื‘ืชื ื• ื›ืœืคื™ ื–ืจื™ื.
04:17
The future "you" is about your duties
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ืืชื ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ื”ื ื›ื ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื
04:20
to strangers.
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ืœื–ืจื™ื.
04:22
You know better than anyone,
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ื™ื“ื•ืข ืœื›ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืื—ืจ,
04:23
the world is more connected than ever before,
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ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื™ ืคืขื,
04:28
yet the great danger
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืกื›ื ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื”ื™ื
04:30
is that we're consumed by our divisions.
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื ืื›ืœื™ื ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืคื™ืœื•ื’ ืฉืœื ื•.
04:33
And there is no better test of that
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ื•ื”ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื›ืš ื”ื™ื
04:36
than how we treat refugees.
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ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื• ืื ื• ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืœืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื.
04:38
Here are the facts: 65 million people
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ื”ื ื” ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช: 65 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื
04:41
displaced from their homes by violence and persecution last year.
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ื ืขืงืจื• ืžื‘ืชื™ื”ื ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื” ืขืงื‘ ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื•ืจื“ื™ืคื•ืช.
04:44
If it was a country,
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ืื ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื“ื™ื ื”,
04:46
that would be the 21st largest country in the world.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื” 21 ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
04:50
Most of those people, about 40 million, stay within their own home country,
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ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ื› 40 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ, ื ืฉืืจื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ืืจืฆื ืฉืœื”ื
04:55
but 25 million are refugees.
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ืื‘ืœ 25 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื.
04:57
That means they cross a border into a neighboring state.
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื ื—ื•ืฆื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืœืชื•ืš ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉื›ื ื”.
05:00
Most of them are living in poor countries,
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ืจื•ื‘ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืขื ื™ื•ืช,
05:04
relatively poor or lower-middle-income countries, like Lebanon,
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ืขื ื™ื•ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ืช, ืื• ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื ืžื•ื›ื”-ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ืช, ื›ืžื• ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ.
05:08
where Halud is living.
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื—ืืœื•ื“ ื—ื™ื”.
05:10
In Lebanon, one in four people is a refugee,
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ื‘ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ, ืื—ื“ ืžืืจื‘ืขื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื•ื ืคืœื™ื˜,
05:15
a quarter of the whole population.
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ืจื‘ืข ืžื›ืœืœ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื›ื•ืœื”.
05:18
And refugees stay for a long time.
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ื•ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื ืฉืืจื™ื ื›ืืœื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘.
05:20
The average length of displacement
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ืื•ืจื›ื” ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืฉืœ ืชืงื•ืคืช ืขืงื™ืจื”
05:22
is 10 years.
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ื”ื™ื 10 ืฉื ื™ื.
05:25
I went to what was the world's largest refugee camp, in eastern Kenya.
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ื ืกืขืชื™ ืœืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžื—ื ื” ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื‘ืžื–ืจื— ืงื ื™ื”,
05:29
It's called Dadaab.
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ื”ื•ื ื ืงืจื ื“ืื“ืืื‘.
05:31
It was built in 1991-92
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ื”ื•ื ื ื‘ื ื” ื‘ 1991-1992
05:33
as a "temporary camp" for Somalis fleeing the civil war.
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ื›"ืžื—ื ื” ื–ืžื ื™" ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืกื•ืžืœื™ื ืฉื‘ืจื—ื• ืžืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื.
05:37
I met Silo.
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ืคื’ืฉืชื™ ืืช ืกื™ืœื•.
05:39
And naรฏvely I said to Silo,
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ื•ืœืชื•ืžื™ ืืžืจืชื™ ืœืกื™ืœื•,
05:42
"Do you think you'll ever go home to Somalia?"
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"ื”ืื ืืช ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืชื—ื–ืจื™ ืื™ ืคืขื ื”ื‘ื™ืชื” ืœืกื•ืžืœื™ื”?"
05:45
And she said, "What do you mean, go home?
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื”, "ืžื” ื–ืืช ืื•ืžืจืช, ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”?
05:48
I was born here."
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ื ื•ืœื“ืชื™ ื›ืืŸ."
05:50
And then when I asked the camp management
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ื•ืื– ื›ืฉืฉืืœืชื™ ืืช ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ืžื—ื ื”
05:52
how many of the 330,000 people in that camp were born there,
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ื›ืžื” ืž 330,000 ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื—ื ื” ื ื•ืœื“ื• ืฉื,
05:56
they gave me the answer:
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ื”ื ืขื ื• ืœื™:
05:58
100,000.
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100,000.
06:01
That's what long-term displacement means.
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ื–ื• ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืขืงื™ืจื” ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ืืจื•ืš.
06:05
Now, the causes of this are deep:
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ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื›ืš ื”ืŸ ืขืžื•ืงื•ืช:
06:07
weak states that can't support their own people,
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ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื—ืœืฉื•ืช ืฉืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื”ืŸ,
06:10
an international political system
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ืžืขืจื›ืช ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช
06:13
weaker than at any time since 1945
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ื—ืœืฉื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื™ ืคืขื ืžืื– 1945
06:16
and differences over theology, governance, engagement with the outside world
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ื•ืžื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ืขืœ ืชืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”, ืžืžืฉืœ, ืงืฉืจื™ื ืขื ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ืŸ
06:20
in significant parts of the Muslim world.
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ื‘ื—ืœืงื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžื•ืกืœืžื™.
06:24
Now, those are long-term, generational challenges.
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ืืœื” ื”ื ืืชื’ืจื™ื ื“ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ืืจื•ืš,
06:27
That's why I say that this refugee crisis is a trend and not a blip.
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ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืžื’ืžื” ื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื–ืง.
06:32
And it's complex, and when you have big, large, long-term, complex problems,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘, ื•ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช, ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื•ื—, ื•ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช,
06:36
people think nothing can be done.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจ.
06:39
When Pope Francis went to Lampedusa,
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ื›ืฉืืคื™ืคื™ื•ืจ ืคืจื ืกื™ืก ื”ืœืš ืœืœืžืคื“ื•ื–ื”,
06:43
off the coast of Italy, in 2014,
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ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื—ื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื”, ื‘ 2014,
06:44
he accused all of us and the global population
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืืฉื™ื ืืช ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื•ืืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช
06:48
of what he called "the globalization of indifference."
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ื‘ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ื™ื ื” "ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ืื“ื™ืฉื•ืช."
06:52
It's a haunting phrase.
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ื–ื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืงืฉื”.
06:53
It means that our hearts have turned to stone.
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืœื‘ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืื‘ืŸ.
06:58
Now, I don't know, you tell me.
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ื›ืขืช, ืื™ื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข, ืื™ืžืจื• ืœื™ ืืชื.
07:00
Are you allowed to argue with the Pope, even at a TED conference?
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ื”ืื ืืชื ืจืฉืื™ื ืœื”ืชื•ื•ื›ื— ืขื ื”ืืคื™ืคื™ื•ืจ, ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื›ื ืก TED?
07:04
But I think it's not right.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
07:06
I think people do want to make a difference,
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืŸ ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื—ื•ืœืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™,
07:08
but they just don't know whether there are any solutions to this crisis.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื ื™ืฉ ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืœืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื”.
07:11
And what I want to tell you today
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ื”ื™ื•ื
07:13
is that though the problems are real, the solutions are real, too.
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืžืžืฉื™ื•ืช, ื”ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื’ื ื›ืŸ ืžืžืฉื™ื™ื.
07:17
Solution one:
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ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ:
07:18
these refugees need to get into work in the countries where they're living,
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ืขืœ ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืžืขื’ืœ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื,
07:22
and the countries where they're living need massive economic support.
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ื•ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื–ืงื•ืงื•ืช ืœืชืžื™ื›ื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืžืกื™ื‘ื™ืช.
07:25
In Uganda in 2014, they did a study:
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ื‘ืื•ื’ื ื“ื” ื‘ 2014, ืขืฉื• ืžื—ืงืจ:
07:28
80 percent of refugees in the capital city Kampala
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80% ืžื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ืงืžืคืœื”
07:31
needed no humanitarian aid because they were working.
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ืœื ื ื–ืงืงื• ืœืกื™ื•ืข ื”ื•ืžื ื™ื˜ืจื™ ื›ื™ ื”ื ืขื‘ื“ื•.
07:34
They were supported into work.
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ื”ื ื ืชืžื›ื• ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
07:36
Solution number two:
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ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืžืก. ืฉื ื™ื™ื:
07:38
education for kids is a lifeline, not a luxury,
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ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื—ื‘ืœ ื”ืฆืœื”, ืœื ืžื•ืชืจื•ืช,
07:42
when you're displaced for so long.
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ื›ืฉืืชื” ืขืงื•ืจ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ.
07:45
Kids can bounce back when they're given the proper social, emotional support
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ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืงื ืื ื”ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ืจื’ืฉื™ืช ื”ื•ืœืžืช.
07:49
alongside literacy and numeracy.
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ืœืฆื“ ืื•ืจื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื•ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ.
07:51
I've seen it for myself.
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ืจืื™ืชื™ ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื™.
07:54
But half of the world's refugee children of primary school age
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ืžื™ืœื“ื™ ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™
07:57
get no education at all,
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ืœื ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื›ืœืฉื”ื•,
07:59
and three-quarters of secondary school age get no education at all.
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ื•ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ืจื‘ืขื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื‘ื›ืœืœ.
08:03
That's crazy.
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ื–ื” ืžื˜ื•ืจืฃ.
08:05
Solution number three:
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ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉ:
08:08
most refugees are in urban areas, in cities, not in camps.
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ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื, ื‘ืขืจื™ื, ืœื ื‘ืžื—ื ื•ืช.
08:11
What would you or I want if we were a refugee in a city?
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ืžื” ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื, ืืชื ื•ืื ื™ ืœื• ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืจ?
08:14
We would want money to pay rent or buy clothes.
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ื›ืกืฃ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืœื ืฉื›"ื“, ืœืงื ื•ืช ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื.
08:18
That is the future of the humanitarian system,
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ื–ื” ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื”ื•ืžื ื™ื˜ืจื™ืช,
08:20
or a significant part of it:
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ืื• ื—ืœืง ื ื™ื›ืจ ืžืžื ื”:
08:22
give people cash so that you boost the power of refugees
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ืœืชืช ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืกืฃ ื›ืš ืฉืชื’ื‘ื™ืจื• ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื ืฉืœ ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื
08:24
and you'll help the local economy.
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ื•ืชืขื–ืจื• ืœื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช.
08:26
And there's a fourth solution, too,
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ื•ื™ืฉ ื’ื ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื™ืขื™,
08:28
that's controversial but needs to be talked about.
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืื‘ืœ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื•.
08:31
The most vulnerable refugees need to be given a new start
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ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืชื—ืœื” ื—ื“ืฉื”
08:34
and a new life in a new country,
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ื•ื—ื™ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื—ื“ืฉื”.
08:37
including in the West.
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ื›ื•ืœืœ ื‘ืžืขืจื‘.
08:39
The numbers are relatively small, hundreds of thousands, not millions,
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ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื™ื—ืกื™ืช, ืžืื•ืช ืืœืคื™ื, ืœื ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ื,
08:44
but the symbolism is huge.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืกืžืœื™ื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื”.
08:47
Now is not the time to be banning refugees,
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ื›ืขืช, ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœืืกื•ืจ ืขืœ ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื,
08:50
as the Trump administration proposes.
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžืฆื™ืข ืžืžืฉืœ ื˜ืจืืžืค.
08:52
It's a time to be embracing people who are victims of terror.
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ื–ื” ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื—ื‘ืง ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื ืงื•ืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื˜ืจื•ืจ.
08:55
And remember --
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ื•ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ --
08:57
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
09:04
Remember, anyone who asks you, "Are they properly vetted?"
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ื–ื™ื›ืจื•, ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืฉื•ืืœ ืืชื›ื "ื”ืื ื”ื ื ื‘ื“ืงื• ื›ืจืื•ื™?"
09:08
that's a really sensible and good question to ask.
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ื–ื• ืฉืืœื” ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืฉืื•ืœ.
09:12
The truth is, refugees arriving for resettlement
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ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื, ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื—ื“ืฉ
09:16
are more vetted than any other population arriving in our countries.
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ื ื‘ื“ืงื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ืื—ืจืช ืฉืžื’ื™ืขื” ืœืืจืฆื•ืชื™ื ื•.
09:19
So while it's reasonable to ask the question,
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ืื– ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื–ื” ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื”,
09:22
it's not reasonable to say that refugee is another word for terrorist.
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ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืคืœื™ื˜ ื–ื• ืžื™ืœื” ื ืจื“ืคืช ืœืžื—ื‘ืœ.
09:26
Now, what happens --
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” --
09:28
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
09:31
What happens when refugees can't get work,
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ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ื›ืฉืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”,
09:34
they can't get their kids into school,
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ื”ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื”ื ืœื‘ื™ื”"ืก,
09:36
they can't get cash, they can't get a legal route to hope?
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ื”ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ื›ืกืฃ, ื•ืœื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื—ื•ืงื™ ืœืชืงื•ื•ื”?
09:39
What happens is they take risky journeys.
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ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืœืžืกืขื•ืช ืžืกื•ื›ื ื™ื.
09:42
I went to Lesbos, this beautiful Greek island, two years ago.
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื ืกืขืชื™ ืœืœืกื‘ื•ืก, ื”ืื™ ื”ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ ื”ื™ืคื” ื”ื–ื”.
09:47
It's a home to 90,000 people.
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ื–ื” ื‘ื™ืช ืœ 90,000 ืื ืฉื™ื.
09:48
In one year, 500,000 refugees went across the island.
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ื‘ืฉื ื” ืื—ืช, 500,000 ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื—ืฆื• ืืช ื”ืื™.
09:53
And I want to show you what I saw
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ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื ืืช ืžื” ืฉืจืื™ืชื™
09:54
when I drove across to the north of the island:
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ื›ืฉื ืกืขืชื™ ืœืฆื“ื• ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืื™:
09:58
a pile of life jackets of those who had made it to shore.
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ืขืจื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ืืคื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฆืœื” ืฉืœ ืืœื” ืฉื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื—ื•ืฃ.
10:02
And when I looked closer,
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ื•ื›ืฉื”ืกืชื›ืœืชื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืงืจื•ื‘,
10:04
there were small life jackets for children,
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ืจืื™ืชื™ ืฉื ืืคื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฆืœื” ืงื˜ื ื•ืช, ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื,
10:06
yellow ones.
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ืฆื”ื•ื‘ื•ืช.
10:08
And I took this picture.
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ื•ืฆื™ืœืžืชื™ ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื•.
10:10
You probably can't see the writing, but I want to read it for you.
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ื›ื ืจืื” ืื™ื ื›ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื›ื™ืชื•ื‘, ืื‘ืœ ืืงืจื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื›ื.
10:13
"Warning: will not protect against drowning."
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"ืื–ื”ืจื”: ืœื ื™ื’ืŸ ืžืคื ื™ ื˜ื‘ื™ืขื”."
10:17
So in the 21st century,
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ืื– ื‘ืžืื” ื” -21,
10:20
children are being given life jackets
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ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืคื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฆืœื”
10:22
to reach safety in Europe
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ
10:24
even though those jackets will not save their lives
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืืคื•ื“ื•ืช ืืœื• ืœื ื™ืฆื™ืœื• ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื
10:28
if they fall out of the boat that is taking them there.
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ืื ื™ืคืœื• ืžื”ืกื™ืจื” ืฉืœื•ืงื—ืช ืื•ืชื ืœืฉื.
10:32
This is not just a crisis, it's a test.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ืžืฉื‘ืจ, ื–ื” ืžื‘ื—ืŸ.
10:37
It's a test that civilizations have faced down the ages.
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ื–ื” ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ืฉืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืื™ืชื• ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช.
10:41
It's a test of our humanity.
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ื–ื” ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ืœืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
10:43
It's a test of us in the Western world
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ื–ื” ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ืœื ื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™
10:46
of who we are and what we stand for.
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ืฉืœ ืžื™ ืื ื—ื ื• ื•ืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื™ื.
10:50
It's a test of our character, not just our policies.
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ื–ื” ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ืœืื•ืคื™ ืฉืœื ื•, ื•ืœื ืจืง ืœืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
10:54
And refugees are a hard case.
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ื•ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื”ื ืžืงืจื” ืงืฉื”.
10:56
They do come from faraway parts of the world.
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ื”ื ื‘ืื™ื ืžื—ืœืงื™ื ืจื—ื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
10:59
They have been through trauma.
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ื”ื ื—ื•ื• ื˜ืจืื•ืžื”.
11:01
They're often of a different religion.
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ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ื‘ื ื™ ื“ืช ืื—ืจืช.
11:04
Those are precisely the reasons we should be helping refugees,
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ืืœื• ื”ืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื,
11:07
not a reason not to help them.
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ื•ืœื ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ื.
11:09
And it's a reason to help them because of what it says about us.
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ื•ื–ื• ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืžื” ืฉื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืขืœื™ื ื•.
11:14
It's revealing of our values.
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ื–ื” ื—ื•ืฉืฃ ืืช ื”ืขืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
11:16
Empathy and altruism are two of the foundations of civilization.
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ืืžืคืชื™ื” ื•ืืœื˜ืจื•ืื™ื–ื ื”ื ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืžื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื™ืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื”.
11:23
Turn that empathy and altruism into action
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ื”ื™ืคื›ื• ืืช ื”ืืžืคืชื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ื•ื”ืืœื˜ืจื•ืื™ื–ื ื”ื–ื” ืœืคืขื•ืœื”
11:25
and we live out a basic moral credo.
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ื•ืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ืžื›ื•ื—ื” ืฉืœ ืืžื•ื ื” ืžื•ืกืจื™ืช ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช.
11:28
And in the modern world, we have no excuse.
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ื•ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™, ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืชื™ืจื•ืฅ.
11:31
We can't say we don't know what's happening in Juba, South Sudan,
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ืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ื’'ื•ื‘ื”, ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืกื•ื“ืŸ,
11:35
or Aleppo, Syria.
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ืื• ื‘ื—ืืœื‘, ื‘ืกื•ืจื™ื”.
11:36
It's there, in our smartphone
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ื–ื” ืฉื, ื‘ืกืžืืจื˜ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•
11:39
in our hand.
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ืฉื‘ื™ื“ื ื•.
11:41
Ignorance is no excuse at all.
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ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ืื™ื ื” ืชื™ืจื•ืฅ ื›ืœืœ.
11:43
Fail to help, and we show we have no moral compass at all.
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ืœื ื ืขื–ื•ืจ, ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืจืื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืžืฆืคืŸ ืžื•ืกืจื™ ื‘ื›ืœืœ.
11:48
It's also revealing about whether we know our own history.
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ื–ื” ื’ื ื—ื•ืฉืฃ ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœื ื•.
11:52
The reason that refugees have rights around the world
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ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื™ืฉ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื
11:55
is because of extraordinary Western leadership
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ื”ื™ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช ืžืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื™ื•ืฆืืช ื“ื•ืคืŸ
11:58
by statesmen and women after the Second World War
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ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ืื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”
12:00
that became universal rights.
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ืฉื”ืคื›ื• ืœื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ื•ืช.
12:03
Trash the protections of refugees, and we trash our own history.
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ื”ืฉืœื™ื›ื• ืืช ื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื•ืื ื• ืžืฉืœื™ื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœื ื• ืขืฆืžื ื•.
12:08
This is --
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ื–ื” --
12:09
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
12:11
This is also revealing about the power of democracy
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ื–ื” ื’ื ื—ื•ืฉืฃ ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื”
12:15
as a refuge from dictatorship.
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ื›ืžืงื•ื ืžืงืœื˜ ืžื“ื™ืงื˜ื˜ื•ืจื”.
12:17
How many politicians have you heard say,
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ื›ืžื” ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ืฉืžืขืชื ืื•ืžืจื™ื,
12:20
"We believe in the power of our example, not the example of our power."
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"ืื ื• ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ื•ืœื ื‘ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื—ื ื•."
12:25
What they mean is what we stand for is more important than the bombs we drop.
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ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื ื”ื™ื ืฉืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืคืฆืฆื•ืช ืฉืื ื• ืžื˜ื™ืœื™ื.
12:30
Refugees seeking sanctuary
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ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ืฉืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืžืงืœื˜
12:32
have seen the West as a source of hope and a place of haven.
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ืจืื• ื‘ืžืขืจื‘ ืžืงื•ืจ ืœืชืงื•ื•ื” ื•ืžืงื•ื ืžืงืœื˜.
12:38
Russians, Iranians,
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ืจื•ืกื™ื, ืื™ืจืื ื™ื™ื,
12:41
Chinese, Eritreans, Cubans,
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ืกื™ื ื™ื, ืืจื™ืชืจืื™ื, ืงื•ื‘ื ื™ื,
12:43
they've come to the West for safety.
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ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืžืขืจื‘ ืœืžืฆื•ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ.
12:47
We throw that away at our peril.
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ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ ืœื ื• ืœื ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื–ื”.
12:49
And there's one other thing it reveals about us:
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ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ื ื•ืกืฃ ื–ื” ืžื’ืœื” ืขืœื™ื ื•:
12:52
whether we have any humility for our own mistakes.
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ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื ื• ืขื ื•ื•ื” ืœื ื•ื›ื— ื”ื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
12:55
I'm not one of these people
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื”
12:57
who believes that all the problems in the world are caused by the West.
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ืฉืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื ื’ืจืžื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืขืจื‘.
13:00
They're not.
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ื”ืŸ ืœื.
13:01
But when we make mistakes, we should recognize it.
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉืื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช, ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืื•ืชืŸ.
13:04
It's not an accident that the country which has taken
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ื–ื” ืœื ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืงืœื˜ื”
13:07
more refugees than any other, the United States,
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ืžื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืื—ืจืช, ื”ื™ื ืืจื”"ื‘,
13:09
has taken more refugees from Vietnam than any other country.
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ืงืœื˜ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ืžื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื ืื ืžื›ืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื—ืจืช.
13:13
It speaks to the history.
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ื–ื” ืžืกืคืจ ืขืœ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”.
13:16
But there's more recent history, in Iraq and Afghanistan.
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื‘ืขื™ืจืืง ื•ื‘ืืคื’ื ื™ืกื˜ืŸ.
13:19
You can't make up for foreign policy errors
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ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืคืฆื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืฅ
13:23
by humanitarian action,
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ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ื•ืžื ื™ื˜ืจื™ืช,
13:24
but when you break something, you have a duty to try to help repair it,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉืฉื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืฉื”ื•, ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื–ื”,
13:28
and that's our duty now.
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ื•ื–ื• ื—ื•ื‘ืชื ื• ื›ืขืช.
13:33
Do you remember at the beginning of the talk,
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ื”ืื ืชื–ื›ืจื• ืฉื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืฉื™ื—ื”,
13:35
I said I wanted to explain that the refugee crisis
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ืืžืจืชื™ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื
13:38
was manageable, not insoluble?
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ, ืœื ื‘ืœืชื™ ืคืชื™ืจ?
13:40
That's true. I want you to think in a new way,
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ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ. ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ื—ื“ืฉื”.
13:43
but I also want you to do things.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื’ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืชืขืฉื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
13:47
If you're an employer,
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ืื ืืชื ืžืขื‘ื™ื“ื™ื,
13:49
hire refugees.
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ื”ืขืกื™ืงื• ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื.
13:52
If you're persuaded by the arguments,
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ืื ืืชื ืžืฉื•ื›ื ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื˜ื™ืขื•ื ื™ื,
13:55
take on the myths
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ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื• ืขื ื”ืžื™ืชื•ืกื™ื,
13:56
when family or friends or workmates repeat them.
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ื›ืฉื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืื• ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื.
14:00
If you've got money, give it to charities
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ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ื›ืกืฃ, ืชืจืžื• ืื•ืชื• ืœืฆื“ืงื”
14:02
that make a difference for refugees around the world.
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ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ื”ื‘ื“ืœ, ื•ืขื•ื–ืจืช ืœืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
14:05
If you're a citizen,
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ืื ืืชื ืื–ืจื—ื™ื,
14:07
vote for politicians
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ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืขื• ืœืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื
14:10
who will put into practice the solutions that I've talked about.
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ืฉื™ืคืขืœื• ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื“ื™ื‘ืจืชื™ ืขืœื™ื”ื.
14:13
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
14:18
The duty to strangers
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ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื›ืœืคื™ ื–ืจื™ื
14:20
shows itself
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ืžืจืื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื”
14:22
in small ways and big,
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ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื•ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช,
14:24
prosaic and heroic.
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ืคืจื•ื–ืื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืจื•ืื™ื•ืช.
14:27
In 1942,
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ื‘ืฉื ืช 1942,
14:30
my aunt and my grandmother were living in Brussels
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ื“ื•ื“ืชื™ ื•ืกื‘ืชื™ ื—ื™ื• ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืกืœ
14:32
under German occupation.
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ืชื—ืช ื”ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ื’ืจืžื ื™.
14:35
They received a summons
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ื”ืŸ ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื–ื™ืžื•ืŸ
14:38
from the Nazi authorities to go to Brussels Railway Station.
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ืžื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื ืืฆื™ื™ื ืœื ืกื•ืข ืœืชื—ื ืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืกืœ.
14:44
My grandmother immediately thought something was amiss.
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ืกื‘ืชื ืฉืœื™ ื—ืฉื‘ื” ืžื™ื“ ืฉืžืฉื”ื• ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื›ืฉื•ืจื”.
14:48
She pleaded with her relatives
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื—ื ื ื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื”
14:51
not to go to Brussels Railway Station.
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ืœื ืœื ืกื•ืข ืœืชื—ื ืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืกืœ.
14:54
Her relatives said to her,
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ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœื” ืืžืจื• ืœื”,
14:57
"If we don't go, if we don't do what we're told,
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"ืื ืœื ื ืœืš, ืื ืœื ื ืขืฉื” ืžื” ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื ื•,
15:00
then we're going to be in trouble."
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ื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืฆืจื•ืช".
15:02
You can guess what happened
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื ื—ืฉ ืžื” ืงืจื”
15:04
to the relatives who went to Brussels Railway Station.
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ืœืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ืœื›ื• ืœืชื—ื ืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืกืœ.
15:07
They were never seen again.
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ื”ื ืœื ื ืจืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืขื•ืœื.
15:09
But my grandmother and my aunt,
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ืื‘ืœ ืกื‘ืชื™ ื•ื“ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื™,
15:12
they went to a small village
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ื”ืœื›ื• ืœื›ืคืจ ืงื˜ืŸ
15:15
south of Brussels
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ื“ืจื•ืžื™ืช ืœื‘ืจื™ืกืœ
15:17
where they'd been on holiday in the decade before,
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ืฉืฉื ื”ื ื‘ื™ืœื• ื‘ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจ ืฉืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ,
15:21
and they presented themselves at the house of the local farmer,
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ื•ื”ืฆื™ื’ื• ืืช ืขืฆืžืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ื›ืจ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™,
15:24
a Catholic farmer called Monsieur Maurice,
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ืื™ื›ืจ ืงืชื•ืœื™ ื‘ืฉื ืžืกื™ื™ื” ืžื•ืจื™ืก,
15:27
and they asked him to take them in.
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ื•ื‘ื™ืงืฉื• ืžืžื ื• ืฉื™ื›ื ื™ืก ืื•ืชืŸ ืคื ื™ืžื”.
15:30
And he did,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืขืฉื” ื–ืืช,
15:32
and by the end of the war,
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ื•ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”,
15:34
17 Jews, I was told, were living in that village.
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ื ืืžืจ ืœื™ ืฉ 17 ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื—ื™ื• ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื›ืคืจ.
15:40
And when I was teenager, I asked my aunt,
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ื•ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื ืขืจ, ืฉืืœืชื™ ืืช ื“ื•ื“ืชื™,
15:42
"Can you take me to meet Monsieur Maurice?"
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"ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืงื—ืช ืื•ืชื™ ืœืคื’ื•ืฉ ืืช ืžื™ืกื™ื™ื” ืžื•ืจื™ืก?"
15:45
And she said, "Yeah, I can. He's still alive. Let's go and see him."
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื”, "ื›ืŸ, ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื”. ื”ื•ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื™. ื‘ื•ื ื•ื ืœืš ืœืคื’ื•ืฉ ืื•ืชื• ".
15:48
And so, it must have been '83, '84,
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ื•ื›ืš ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื›ื ืจืื” ื‘ 83 ', 84,
15:51
we went to see him.
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ื”ืœื›ื ื• ืœืคื’ื•ืฉ ืื•ืชื•.
15:52
And I suppose, like only a teenager could,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžื ื™ื—, ืฉื›ืžื• ืฉืจืง ื ืขืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ,
15:55
when I met him,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืคื’ืฉืชื™ ืื•ืชื•,
15:56
he was this white-haired gentleman,
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื’'ื ื˜ืœืžืŸ ืœื‘ืŸ ืฉื™ืขืจ,
16:00
I said to him,
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ืืžืจืชื™ ืœื•,
16:02
"Why did you do it?
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"ืœืžื” ืขืฉื™ืช ืืช ื–ื”?
16:05
Why did you take that risk?"
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ืœืžื” ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”?"
16:09
And he looked at me and he shrugged,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ ื•ืžืฉืš ื‘ื›ืชืคื™ื•,
16:10
and he said, in French,
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ื•ืืžืจ, ื‘ืฆืจืคืชื™ืช,
16:13
"On doit."
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"On doit."
16:14
"One must."
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"ืื“ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘"
16:16
It was innate in him.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื˜ื‘ืข ื‘ืชื•ื›ื•.
16:18
It was natural.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™.
16:20
And my point to you is it should be natural and innate in us, too.
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ื•ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื•ืžื•ื˜ื‘ืข ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื•, ื’ื ื›ืŸ.
16:24
Tell yourself,
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ืื™ืžืจื• ืœืขืฆืžื›ื,
16:26
this refugee crisis is manageable,
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ืžืฉื‘ืจ ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื–ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ,
16:29
not unsolvable,
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ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ื‘ืœืชื™ ืคืชื™ืจ,
16:31
and each one of us
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ื•ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืื™ืชื ื•
16:33
has a personal responsibility to help make it so.
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ื™ืฉ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช.
16:37
Because this is about the rescue of us and our values
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ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืžืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ื”ืฆืœื” ืฉืœื ื• ื•ืฉืœ ืขืจื›ื™ื ื•
16:41
as well as the rescue of refugees and their lives.
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ื›ืžื• ื’ื ื”ืฆืœืช ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื•ื—ื™ื™ื”ื.
16:44
Thank you very much indeed.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืืžืช.
16:45
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
16:56
Bruno Giussani: David, thank you. David Miliband: Thank you.
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ื‘ืจื•ื ื• ื’'ื•ืกืื ื™: ื“ื™ื™ื•ื™ื“, ืชื•ื“ื”. ื“ื™ื™ื•ื•ื™ื“ ืžื™ืœื™ื‘ื ื“: ืชื•ื“ื”.
16:59
BG: Those are strong suggestions
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ื‘.ื’.: ืืœื• ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ื—ื–ืงื•ืช
17:01
and your call for individual responsibility is very strong as well,
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ื•ื”ืงืจื™ืื” ืฉืœืš ืœืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื—ื–ืงื” ื’ื ื›ืŸ,
17:04
but I'm troubled by one thought, and it's this:
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื˜ืจื™ื“ื” ืื•ืชื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืื—ืช ื•ื”ื™ื:
17:06
you mentioned, and these are your words, "extraordinary Western leadership"
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ื”ื–ื›ืจืช, ื•ืืœื” ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœืš, "ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช ืžืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื™ื•ืฆืืช ื“ื•ืคืŸ"
17:10
which led 60-something years ago
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ืฉื”ื•ืœื™ื›ื” ืœืคื ื™ 60 ืฉื ื”
17:12
to the whole discussion about human rights,
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ืœื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื“ื,
17:14
to the conventions on refugees, etc. etc.
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ืœืืžื ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื•ื›ื•' ื•ื›ื•'
17:19
That leadership happened after a big trauma
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ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช ื”ื–ืืช ืงืžื” ืื—ืจื™ ื˜ืจืื•ืžื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”
17:21
and happened in a consensual political space,
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ื•ืคืขืœื” ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ ืžื•ืกื›ื,
17:25
and now we are in a divisive political space.
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ื•ื›ืขืช ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ ืžืคื•ืœื’,
17:27
Actually, refugees have become one of the divisive issues.
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืื—ื“ ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืฉื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช.
17:30
So where will leadership come from today?
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ืื– ืžืื™ืŸ ืชื’ื™ืข ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื?
17:32
DM: Well, I think that you're right to say
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ื“.ืž: ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืืชื” ืฆื•ื“ืง ืœื•ืžืจ
17:35
that the leadership forged in war
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ืฉืœืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช ืฉืžืชื—ืฉืœืช ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื”
17:38
has a different temper and a different tempo
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ื™ืฉ ืžื–ื’ ืฉื•ื ื” ื•ืงืฆื‘ ืื—ืจ
17:40
and a different outlook
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ื•ื”ืฉืงืคื” ืื—ืจืช
17:42
than leadership forged in peace.
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ืžืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช ืฉืžืชื—ืฉืœืช ื‘ืขื™ืชื•ืช ืฉืœื•ื.
17:45
And so my answer would be the leadership has got to come from below,
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ื•ื›ืš ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื™ ืชื”ื™ื” ืฉื”ื ื”ื’ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื‘ื•ื ืžืœืžื˜ื”,
17:49
not from above.
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ืœื ืžืœืžืขืœื”.
17:50
I mean, a recurring theme of the conference this week
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ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ, ื ื•ืฉื ืฉืฉื‘ ื•ืขืœื” ื‘ื›ื ืก ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข
17:53
has been about the democratization of power.
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ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื•ื—.
17:57
And we've got to preserve our own democracies,
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืฉืžืจ ืืช ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•,
18:00
but we've got to also activate our own democracies.
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ืื‘ืœ ืขืœื™ื ื• ื’ื ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
18:02
And when people say to me,
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ื•ื›ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื™,
18:04
"There's a backlash against refugees,"
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"ื™ืฉ ืจืชื™ืขื” ื•ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื—ืจื™ืคื” ื ื’ื“ ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื".
18:06
what I say to them is,
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ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืœื”ื ื”ื•ื,
18:07
"No, there's a polarization,
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"ืœื, ื™ืฉ ืงื™ื˜ื•ื‘,
18:09
and at the moment,
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ื•ื›ืจื’ืข,
18:10
those who are fearful are making more noise
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ืืœื” ืฉื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืจืขืฉ
18:12
than those who are proud."
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ืžืืœื” ืฉื—ืฉื™ื ื’ืื•ื•ื”"
18:14
And so my answer to your question is that we will sponsor and encourage
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœื™ ืœืฉืืœื” ืฉืœืš ื”ื™ื ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืชืช ื—ืกื•ืช ื•ืขื™ื“ื•ื“
18:18
and give confidence to leadership
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ื•ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืœืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช
18:20
when we mobilize ourselves.
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื• ืขืฆืžื ื• ืžืชื’ื™ื™ืกื™ื.
18:22
And I think that when you are in a position of looking for leadership,
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื ื‘ืขืžื“ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•ืช,
18:25
you have to look inside
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ืขืœื™ื›ื ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืคื ื™ืžื”
18:26
and mobilize in your own community
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ื•ืœื’ื™ื™ืก ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืฉืœื›ื
18:28
to try to create conditions for a different kind of settlement.
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ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืชื ืื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืกื•ื’ ืื—ืจ ืฉืœ ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘.
18:31
BG: Thank you, David. Thanks for coming to TED.
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ื‘.ื’.: ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœืš ื“ื™ื™ื•ื™ื“, ืชื•ื“ื” ืฉื‘ืืช ืœ- TED.
18:33
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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