Cameron Sinclair: A call for open-source architecture

86,424 views ใƒป 2007-01-16

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Gal Sunshine ืžื‘ืงืจ: Sigal Tifferet
00:25
I'm going to take you on a journey very quickly.
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ืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืงื—ืช ืืชื›ื ืœืžืกืข ืžืื“ ืžื”ื™ืจ.
00:27
To explain the wish, I'm going to have to take you somewhere
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ืžืฉืืœืชื™ ืื ื™ ืืงื— ืืชื›ื ืœืžืงื•ื
00:30
where many people haven't been, and that's around the world.
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ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื˜ืจื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื•, ื•ื–ื” ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื.
ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืŸ 24 ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืกื˜ื•ืจ ื•ืื ื™ ื”ืงืžื ื• ืืจื’ื•ืŸ
00:33
When I was about 24 years old, Kate Stohr and myself started an organization
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00:37
to get architects and designers involved in humanitarian work,
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ืฉื™ืื—ื“ ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื™ื ื•ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช,
00:40
not only about responding to natural disasters,
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ื•ืœื ืจืง ื›ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืœืืกื•ื ื•ืช ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื
00:43
but involved in systemic issues.
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ืืœื ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ื™ื.
00:46
We believe that where the resources and expertise are scarce,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื, ืฉื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื•ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื ื“ื™ืจื™ื,
00:51
innovative, sustainable design can really make a difference in people's lives.
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ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ ื•ื‘ืจ ืงื™ื™ืžื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™
00:57
So I started my life as an architect, or training as an architect,
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ื”ื›ืœ ื”ื—ืœ ื›ืฉื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ื›ืžืชืžื—ื” ื‘ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื”,
01:02
and I was always interested in socially responsible design,
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ื•ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ืชืขื ื™ื ืชื™ ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืื—ืจืื™ ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”,
01:05
and how you can really make an impact.
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ื•ืื™ืš ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืืžืช ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข.
01:07
But when I went to architecture school,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ืœืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื•ืช,
01:09
it seemed that I was a black sheep in the family.
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ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื”ื›ื‘ืฉื” ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ.
01:12
Many architects seemed to think that when you design,
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ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื›ืฉืืชื” ืžืขืฆื‘,
01:15
you design a jewel, and it's a jewel that you try and crave for;
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ืืชื” ืžืขืฆื‘ ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜, ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ ืฉืืชื” ืžืฉืชื•ืงืง ืืœื™ื•.
01:18
whereas I felt that when you design,
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ืœืขื•ืžืชื ืื ื™ ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ืฉื›ืฉืืชื” ืžืขืฆื‘
01:20
you either improve or you create a detriment
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ืืชื” ืžืฉืคืจ ืื• ืžื–ื™ืง
01:23
to the community in which you're designing.
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ืœืงื”ื™ืœื” ืœื” ืืชื” ืžืขืฆื‘.
01:25
So you're not just doing a building for the residents
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ืืชื” ืœื ืจืง ื™ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื™ืช ืœื“ื™ื™ืจื™ื•
ืื• ืœื“ื™ื™ืจื™ื• ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื™ื,
01:28
or for the people who are going to use it, but for the community as a whole.
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ืืœื ื™ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื™ืช ืœืงื”ื™ืœื” ื‘ื›ืœืœื•ืชื”.
01:31
And in 1999, we started by responding to the issue of the housing crisis
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ื‘1999 ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ื‘ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืœื ื•ืฉื ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ
01:38
for returning refugees in Kosovo.
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ืœืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื”ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœืงื•ืกื•ื‘ื•.
01:40
And I didn't know what I was doing -- like I said, mid-20s --
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ืœื ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืžื” ืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื”,ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืื ื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืข ืฉื ื•ืช ื”20 ืฉืœื™,
01:43
and I'm the Internet generation, so we started a website.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžื“ื•ืจ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜, ืื– ื”ืงืžื ื• ืืชืจ.
01:48
We put a call out there, and to my surprise, in a couple of months,
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ื•ืœื”ืคืชืขืชื™ ืชื•ืš ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืกืคื•ืจื™ื
01:51
we had hundreds of entries from around the world.
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ื”ื™ื• ืžืื•ืช ื›ื ื™ืกื•ืช ืžื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
01:55
That led to a number of prototypes being built
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ื–ื” ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืžืกืคืจ ืื‘ื•ืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก
01:57
and really experimenting with some ideas.
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ื•ื‘ืืžืช ืœื ืกื•ืช ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช.
02:00
Two years later we started doing a project
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ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜
02:02
on developing mobile health clinics in sub-Saharan Africa,
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ืฉืœ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžืจืคืื•ืช ื ื™ื™ื“ื•ืช ื“ืจื•ืžื™ืช ืœืกื”ืจื” ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”,
02:06
responding to the HIV/AIDS pandemic.
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ื›ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืœืžื’ื™ืคืช ื”ืื™ื™ื“ืก
02:10
That led to 550 entries from 53 countries.
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ื–ื” ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœ550 ื›ื ื™ืกื•ืช ืž53 ืืจืฆื•ืช.
02:16
We also have designers from around the world that participate.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื’ื ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ืžื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
02:21
And we had an exhibit of work that followed that.
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ื•ืืฃ ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื ื• ืชืขืจื•ื›ื” ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื›ืš,
02:25
2004 was the tipping point for us.
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2004 ื”ื™ืชื” ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžืคื ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื•.
02:27
We started responding to natural disasters
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ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœืชืช ืžืขื ื” ืœืืกื•ื ื•ืช ื˜ื‘ืข
02:29
and getting involved in Iran, in Bam,
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ื‘ืื™ืจืืŸ ื•ื‘ื‘ืื,
02:32
also following up on our work in Africa.
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ื•ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื ื• ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”
02:35
Working within the United States --
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ืขื‘ื“ื ื• ื‘ืชื•ืš ืืจื”"ื‘.
02:36
most people look at poverty and they see the face of a foreigner.
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ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ืขื•ื ื™, ื•ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ืคื ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื–ืจื™ื,
02:40
But I live in Bozeman, Montana --
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื›ื• ืœื’ื•ืจ, ืื ื™ ื’ืจ ื‘ื‘ื•ื–ืžืŸ, ืžื•ื ื˜ื ื”,
02:42
go up to the north plains on the reservations,
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ืœื›ื• ืœืžื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืžื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืื™ื ื“ื™ืื ื™ื•ืช,
02:44
or go down to Alabama or Mississippi, pre-Katrina,
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ืื• ืจื“ื• ืœืืœื‘ืžื” ืื• ืžื™ืกื™ืกื™ืคื™
02:47
and I could have shown you places that have far worse conditions
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ืœืคื ื™ ืกื•ืคืช ืงื˜ืจื™ื ื”, ื•ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช
ืฉื”ืชื ืื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื’ืจื•ืขื™ื ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื”ืŸ.
02:50
than many developing countries that I've been to.
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02:53
So we got involved in and worked in inner cities and elsewhere;
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ื›ืš ื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ืขื‘ื“ื ื• ื‘ืขืจื™ื ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื.
02:56
and also, I will go into some more projects.
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ื•ืืฆื™ื’ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื.
03:00
2005: Mother Nature kicked our ass.
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ื‘2005 ืืžื ืื“ืžื” ื”ืฉืชื•ืœืœื”.
03:03
I think we can pretty much assume that 2005 was a horrific year
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืกื›ื ืฉ2005 ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื ื” ื ื•ืจืื™ืช,
03:07
when it comes to natural disasters.
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ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืืกื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืข.
03:09
And because of the Internet,
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ื•ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜,
03:11
and because of connections to blogs and so forth,
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ื•ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ืœื‘ืœื•ื’ื™ื ื•ืœืจืฉืชื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช,
03:14
within literally hours of the tsunami, we were already raising funds,
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ืฉืขื•ืช ืกืคื•ืจื•ืช ืœืื—ืจ ืืกื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื•ื ืืžื™ ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื’ื™ื™ืก ื›ืกืคื™ื,
03:19
getting involved, working with people on the ground.
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ื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ืขื‘ื“ื ื• ืขื ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื”ืืกื•ืŸ.
03:22
We run from a couple of laptops, and in the first couple of days,
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ื”ืชื ื”ืœื ื• ืžื›ืžื” ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื ื™ื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื,
03:25
I had 4,000 emails from people needing help.
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ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ 4000 ื“ื•ืืœ ืžืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืขื–ืจื”,
03:28
So we began to get involved in projects there,
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ืื– ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืฉื.
03:31
and I'll talk about some others.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืื“ื‘ืจ ื’ื ืขืœ ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.
03:33
And then of course, this year we've been responding to Katrina,
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืืกื•ืŸ ืงื˜ืจื™ื ื”.
03:36
as well as following up on our reconstruction work.
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ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืฉื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ.
03:38
So this is a brief overview.
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ื–ื”ื• ืžื‘ื˜ ื—ื˜ื•ืฃ ื•ื›ื•ืœืœ.
03:41
In 2004, I really couldn't manage the number of people who wanted to help,
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ื‘2004 , ื‘ืืžืช ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœื ื”ืœ
ืืช ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืจืฆื• ืœืขื–ื•ืจ,
03:46
or the number of requests that I was getting.
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ืื• ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™.
03:48
It was all coming into my laptop and cell phone.
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ื”ื›ืœ ื ื›ื ืก ืœืžื—ืฉื‘ ื”ื ื™ื™ื“ ืื• ืœืกืœื•ืœืืจื™ ืฉืœื™.
03:50
So we decided to embrace an open-source model of business --
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ืื– ื”ื—ืœื˜ื ื• ืœืืžืฅ
ืžื•ื“ืœ ืขืกืงื™ ืฉืœ ืงื•ื“ ืคืชื•ื—,
03:56
so that anyone, anywhere in the world, could start a local chapter,
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ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“, ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืคืชื•ื— ื ื•ืฉื ืžืงื•ืžื™,
03:59
and they can get involved in local problems.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื‘ื•.
04:01
Because I believe there is no such thing as Utopia.
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ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื–ื” - ืื•ื˜ื•ืคื™ื”
04:03
All problems are local. All solutions are local.
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ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื.
04:06
So that means, you know, somebody who's based in Mississippi
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ื•ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ื”, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื,
ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉืžืชื’ื•ืจืจ ื‘ืžื™ืกื™ืกื™ืคื™
04:11
knows more about Mississippi than I do.
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ื™ื•ื“ืข ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ืžื™ืกื™ืกื™ืคื™ ืžืืฉืจ ืื ื™, ืื– ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ื”ื•ื
04:13
So what happened is, we used Meetup and all these other Internet tools,
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ืฉื”ืฉืชืžืฉื ื• ื‘MEETUP ื•ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื›ืœื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื ื•ืกืคื™ื,
04:19
and we ended up having 40 chapters starting up,
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• 40 ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื [ื ืœืงื— ืžื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ "a chapter of disasters" ] ื‘ื”ืจืฆื”,
04:23
thousands of architects in 104 countries.
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ืืœืคื™ ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ื ื‘104 ืืจืฆื•ืช.
04:28
So the bullet point -- sorry, I never do a suit,
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ืื– ื’ื•ืœืช ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช... ืžืฆื˜ืขืจ ืื ื™ ืœื ืœื•ื‘ืฉ ื‘ื—ืœื™ืคื•ืช
04:31
so I knew that I was going to take this off.
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ืื ื™ ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืื•ืจื™ื“ ืื•ืชื”.
04:33
OK, because I'm going to do it very quick.
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ื˜ื•ื‘, ืžืื—ืจ ื•ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช.
ืื– ื‘ืžื”ืœืš 7 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช, ืœื ืจืง ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื–ื” ืœื ืœืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืจื•ื•ื—.
04:38
This isn't just about nonprofit.
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04:40
What it showed me is that there's a grassroots movement going on,
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ืžื” ืฉื–ื” ื”ืจืื” ืœื™, ื–ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืชื ื•ืขื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ืช
04:43
of socially responsible designers who really believe
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ืฉืœ ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื ืขื ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช
ืฉื‘ืืžืช ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ื ืขืฉื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงื˜ืŸ,
04:46
that this world has got a lot smaller, and that we have the opportunity --
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช , ืœื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช,
04:49
not the responsibility, but the opportunity --
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ืืœื ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช, ื‘ืืžืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™.
04:52
to really get involved in making change.
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04:56
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
05:01
(Laughter)
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05:05
I'm adding that to my time.
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ืื ื™ ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืืช ื–ื” ืœื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœื™.
05:07
(Laughter)
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05:10
So what you don't know is,
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ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื”ื•ื,
05:12
we've got these thousands of designers working around the world,
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืœืคื™ ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื,
05:15
connected basically by a website, and we have a staff of three.
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ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื“ืจืš ืืชืจ ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜, ื•ืœื ื• ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืื ืฉื™ื
05:19
The fact that nobody told us we couldn't do it, we did it.
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ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ืžืฉื”ื•, ื•ืœืžืขืฉื” ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ืืžืจ ืœื ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™ ืœืขืฉื™ื™ื”.
05:23
And so there's something to be said about naรฏvetรฉ.
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ืขืฉื™ื ื• ื–ืืช. ื•ืžืฉื”ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ืืžืจ ืขืœ ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ.
05:26
So seven years later, we've developed
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ืœืื—ืจ 7 ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืชืคืชื—ื ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืกื ื’ื•ืจื™ื,
05:28
so that we've got advocacy, instigation and implementation.
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ืžืชืžืจืฆื™ื, ื•ืžื˜ืžื™ืขื™ื. ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืกื ื’ื•ืจื™ื ืœืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื˜ื•ื‘,
05:31
We advocate for good design, not only through student workshops
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ื•ืœื ืจืง ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืกื“ื ืื•ืช ืœืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื, ื”ืจืฆืื•ืช ื•ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ื™ื,
05:35
and lectures and public forums, op-eds;
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05:37
we have a book on humanitarian work;
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ืืœื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื•ืžื ื™ื˜ืจื™ืช,
05:39
but also disaster mitigation and dealing with public policy.
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ื•ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืืกื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื”ืชืขืกืงื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช.
05:43
We can talk about FEMA, but that's another talk.
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื’ื ืขืœ FEMA (ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ืจื•ื ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช) ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœืฉื™ื—ื” ืื—ืจืช.
05:47
Instigation, developing ideas with communities and NGOs,
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ืชืžืจื•ืฅ, ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช
05:50
doing open-source design competitions.
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ื•ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืœื ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ืฉืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืชื—ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืงื•ื“ ืคืชื•ื—.
05:53
Referring, matchmaking with communities.
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ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื•ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช
05:55
And then implementing -- actually going out there and doing the work,
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ื•ืื– ืžื™ื™ืฉืžื™ื, ืžืžืฉ ืœืœื›ืช ืœืฉื ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”,
05:59
because when you invent, it's never a reality until it's built.
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ื›ื™ ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื” ืžืžืฆื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื–ื” ืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืขื“ ืฉื–ื” ื ื‘ื ื”.
06:05
So it's really important that if we're designing
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ื›ืš ืฉื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื
06:08
and trying to create change, we build that change.
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื’ื ื ื‘ื ื” ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื–ื”
06:10
So here's a select number of projects.
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ืื– ื”ื ื” ืžืกืคืจ ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื ื‘ื—ืจ.
06:14
Kosovo.
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ืงื•ืกื•ื‘ื•. ื–ื” ืงื•ืกื•ื‘ื• ื‘99. ืขืจื›ื ื• ืชื—ืจื•ืช ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื‘ืงื•ื“ ืคืชื•ื—,
06:16
This is Kosovo in '99.
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06:18
We did an open design competition, like I said.
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ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจืชื™ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช
06:21
It led to a whole variety of ideas.
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06:23
And this wasn't about emergency shelter,
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ืžืงืœื˜ื™ ื—ื™ืจื•ื, ืืœื ืขืœ ืžืงืœื˜ื™ ืžืขื‘ืจ
06:25
but transitional shelter that would last five to 10 years,
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ืฉื™ืฉืจื“ื• 5 ืขื“ 10 ืฉื ื™ื
06:29
that would be placed next to the land the resident lived in,
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ื•ืฉื™ื•ืฆื‘ื• ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ืœืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื—ื™ื• ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื,
06:33
and that they would rebuild their own home.
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ื•ื”ื ื™ื‘ื ื• ื‘ืขืฆืžื ืืช ื”ื‘ืชื™ื ืฉืœื”ื.
06:35
This wasn't imposing an architecture on a community;
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ื–ืืช ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ื›ืคื™ื™ืช ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ื ื™ ืขืœ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื”,
06:38
this was giving them the tools and the space
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ื–ื” ื ืชืŸ ืœื”ื ื›ืœื™ื,
ื•ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื
06:41
to allow them to rebuild and regrow the way they want to.
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ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื•ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื‘ื” ื—ืคืฆื•.
06:46
We had from the sublime to the ridiculous, but they worked.
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ื™ืฉ (ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื) ืžืขื•ืœื™ื ืขื“ ืžื’ื•ื›ื—ื™ื, ืืš ื›ื•ืœื ืขื‘ื“ื•.
06:49
This is an inflatable hemp house. It was built; it works.
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ื–ื” ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืœื‘ื™ืช ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืžืชื ืคื—, ื”ื•ื ื ื‘ื ื” ื•ืขื•ื‘ื“.
06:54
This is a shipping container.
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ื–ื” ืžื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื•ื‘ืœื”, ื ื‘ื ืชื” ื•ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช.
06:57
Built and works.
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06:59
And a whole variety of ideas
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ื•ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช
07:00
that not only dealt with architectural building,
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ืฉืœื ืจืง ืฉืขืกืง ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ื ื™ืช,
07:04
but also the issues of governance,
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ืืœื ื’ื ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉื™ืœื•ืช,
07:05
and the idea of creating communities through complex networks.
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ื•ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืจืฉืชื•ืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช.
07:09
So we've engaged not just designers,
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ืื– ืขื™ืจื‘ื ื• ืœื ืจืง ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื, ืืœื ื’ื
07:11
but also a whole variety of technology-based professionals.
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ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ ืžืงืฆื•ืข
07:16
Using rubble from destroyed homes to create new homes.
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ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ืคืกื•ืœืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื‘ืชื™ื ื”ืจื•ืกื™ื ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื‘ืชื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื,
07:20
Using straw bale construction, creating heat walls.
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ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ืงื™ืจื•ืช ื ืฆืจื™ื ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงื™ืจื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื.
07:26
And then something remarkable happened in '99.
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ื•ืื– ืงืจื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืžื“ื”ื™ื ื‘99
07:28
We went to Africa originally to look at the housing issue.
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ื”ื’ืขื ื• ืœืืคืจื™ืงื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ืฉื
07:33
Within three days, we realized the problem was not housing;
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ื•ืชื•ืš 3 ื™ืžื™ื, ื”ื‘ื ื• ืฉื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืื™ื ื” ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ืชื™ื
07:35
it was the growing pandemic of HIV/AIDS.
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ืืœื ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ื’ื•ื‘ืจืช ืฉืœ ืžื’ื™ืคืช ื”ืื™ื™ื“ืก.
07:38
And it wasn't doctors telling us this;
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ื•ืœื ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืืžืจื• ืœื ื• ื–ืืช,
07:40
it was actual villagers that we were staying with.
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ืืœื” ื”ื™ื• ื”ื›ืคืจื™ื™ื ืฉืฉื”ื• ืื™ืชื ื•.
07:43
And so we came up with the bright idea
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ื•ืื– ื”ื’ืขื ื• ืœืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืžื‘ืจื™ืง ืฉื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืชืช ืœืื ืฉื™ื
07:46
that instead of getting people to walk 10, 15 kilometers to see doctors,
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ืœืœื›ืช 10-15 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ืคื’ืฉ ืขื ืจื•ืคืื™ื , ื ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื.
07:50
you get the doctors to the people.
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07:52
And we started engaging the medical community,
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ื•ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ืช.
07:55
and you know, we thought we were real bright sparks --
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™, ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ืจื™ืงื™ื ื•ื ื™ืฆื•ืฆื•ืช...
07:58
"We've come up with this great idea:
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ื”ื‘ืื ื• ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืžืจืคืื•ืช ื ื™ื™ื“ื•ืช
08:00
mobile health clinics, widely distributed throughout sub-Saharan Africa."
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ืžืคื•ื–ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื ืจื—ื‘ืช ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ืืคืจื™ืงื”.
08:05
And the medical community there said,
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ื•ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื”, ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ืช ืฉื ืืžืจื”
08:07
"We've said this for the last decade.
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"ืืžืจื ื• ื–ืืช ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ, ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื–ืืช..."
08:10
We know this. We just don't know how to show this."
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"...ืืš ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื™ืš ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื–ืืช"
08:13
So in a way, we had taken pre-existing needs and shown solutions.
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ืื– ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช ืœืงื—ื ื• ืฆื•ืจืš ืงื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืจืื™ื ื• ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช.
08:19
And so again, we had a whole variety of ideas that came in.
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ื•ืฉื•ื‘, ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช.
08:24
This one I personally love,
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ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“,
08:26
because the idea is that architecture is not just about solutions,
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ืžืื—ืจ ื•ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ืœื ืจืง ื ื•ืชื ืช ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช
08:29
but about raising awareness.
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ืืœื ื’ื ืžืขื•ืจืจืช ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช.
08:31
This is a kenaf clinic.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืžืจืคืืช 'ืงื™ื ืืฃ'. ืืชื” ืžืงื‘ืœ ื–ืจืข ืงื™ื ืืฃ ื•ืืชื” ืžื’ื“ืœ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื—ืœืงืช ืื“ืžื”
08:33
You get seed and you grow it in a plot of land,
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08:36
and it grows 14 feet in a month.
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ื•ืื–, ื–ื” ื’ื“ืœ 4 ืžื˜ืจ ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ.
08:40
And on the fourth week, the doctors come and they mow out an area,
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ื•ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”4 , ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื‘ืื™ื ื•ื’ื•ื–ืžื™ื ืืช ื”ืืžืฆืข
08:43
put a tensile structure on the top,
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ื•ืฉืžื™ื ืžืฉื˜ื— ื ืžืชื— ืœืžืขืœื”
08:45
and when the doctors have finished treating
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ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืžืกื™ื™ืžื™ื ืœื˜ืคืœ
08:48
and seeing patients and villagers,
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ื‘ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ื›ืคืจื™ื™ื,
08:52
you cut down the clinic and you eat it.
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ืืชื” ื’ื•ื–ื ืืช ื”ืžืจืคืื” ื•ืื•ื›ืœ ืื•ืชื”. ื–ื” "ืื›ื•ืœ ืืช ืžืจืคืืชืš."
08:53
It's an eat-your-own-clinic.
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08:55
So it's dealing with the fact that if you have AIDS,
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืชืขืกืงื•ืช ืขื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืื™ื™ื“ืก
08:58
you also need to have nutrition rates,
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ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื’ื ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืœืš ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื ื›ื•ื ื”
09:00
and the idea of nutrition is as important
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ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื•ืฉื ื”ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘
09:03
as getting antiretrovirals out there.
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ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืืฉืจ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืื ื˜ื™ ื•ื™ืจืืœื™
09:05
So you know, this is a serious solution.
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ื–ื”ื• ืคื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ืžืื“ ืจืฆื™ื ื™.
09:09
This one I love.
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ืืช ื–ื” ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘. ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืœื ืจืง ืฉืœ ืžืจืคืื”, ืืœื ืžืจื›ื– ืงื”ื™ืœืชื™
09:10
The idea is it's not just a clinic, it's a community center.
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ื–ื” ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ืกื™ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื“ืจื›ื™ ืžืกื—ืจ
09:13
This looked at setting up trade routes
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09:15
and economic engines within the community,
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ื•ืžื ื•ืขื™ ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื”
09:17
so it can be a self-sustaining project.
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ืื– ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื”ืžืงื™ื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื•
09:19
Every one of these projects is sustainable.
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ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื”ืืœื• ื”ื•ื ื‘ืจ ืงื™ื™ืžื.
09:22
That's not because I'm a tree-hugging green person.
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืื ื™ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก ืฉืžื—ื‘ืง ืขืฆื™ื,
09:25
It's because when you live on four dollars a day,
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ื–ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื” ื—ื™ ืขืœ 4 ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœื™ื•ื
09:27
you're living on survival and you have to be sustainable.
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ืืชื” ื—ื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืจื•ื“ ื•ืืชื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช (ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ืžืœื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื)
09:31
You have to know where your energy is coming from,
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ืืชื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื“ืขืช ืžื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉืœืš ืชื’ื™ืข,
09:33
you have to know where your resource is coming from,
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ืืชื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื“ืขืช ืžืื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืฉืœืš ื™ื’ื™ืขื•,
09:36
and you have to keep the maintenance down.
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ื•ืืชื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืฆืžืฆื ืชื—ื–ื•ืงื”.
09:38
So this is about getting an economic engine,
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ืื– ื‘ืขืฆื ื–ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉื’ืช ืžื ื•ืข ื›ืœื›ืœื™.
09:40
and then at night, it turns into a movie theater.
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ื•ืื– ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื–ื” ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื‘ื™ืช ืงื•ืœื ื•ืข,
09:42
So it's not an AIDS clinic. It's a community center.
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ื•ืื– ื–ื” ืœื ืžืจืคืื” ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืื™ื™ื“ืก ืืœื ืžืจื›ื– ืงื”ื™ืœืชื™.
09:47
So you can see ideas.
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ืื– ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช. ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืื‘ื•ืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก
09:49
And these ideas developed into prototypes,
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09:52
and they were eventually built.
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื’ื ื ื‘ื ื•. ื•ื”ื—ืœ ืžืฉื ื” ื–ื•
09:54
And currently, as of this year,
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09:55
there are clinics rolling out in Nigeria and Kenya.
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ืžืจืคืื•ืช ื ื™ื™ื“ื•ืช ื ืขื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื’ืจื™ื” ื•ื‘ืงื ื™ื”.
10:01
From that, we also developed Siyathemba.
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ืžืืœื• ื’ื ืคื™ืชื—ื ื• ืืช ืกื™ืื˜ืžื‘ื”, ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื‘ื•
10:05
The community came to us and said,
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ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื‘ืื” ืืœื™ื ื• ื•ื‘ืงืฉื”
10:07
"The problem is that the girls don't have education."
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ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืœื‘ื ื•ืช.
10:10
And we're working in an area
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื‘ื“ื ื• ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจ
10:11
where young women between the ages of 16 and 24
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ืฉื‘ื• ื›50% ืžื”ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืœืื™ 16 ืขื“ 24
10:13
have a 50 percent HIV/AIDS rate.
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ื ืฉืื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื™ื™ื“ืก.
10:17
And that's not because they're promiscuous,
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ื•ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืœื ืžืชื™ืจื ื•ืช ืžื™ื ื™ืช,
10:20
it's because there's no knowledge.
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ืืœื ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืŸ ื™ื“ืข.
10:21
And so we decided to look at the idea of sports,
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ื—ื ื• ืืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื•ื”ื—ืœื˜ื ื• ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืจื›ื– ืกืคื•ืจื˜
10:24
and create a youth sports center
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10:26
that doubled as an HIV/AIDS outreach center,
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ืฉื™ืฉืžืฉ ื’ื ื›ืžืจื›ื– ืœื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืขืœ ืื™ื™ื“ืก.
10:29
and the coaches of the girls' team were also trained doctors.
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ื”ืžืืžื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ื’ื ืจื•ืคืื™ื,
10:33
So that there would be a very slow way of developing confidence in health care.
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ื•ื›ืš ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืื“ ืื™ื˜ื™ืช
ืฉืœ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ื•ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช.
10:40
And we picked nine finalists,
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ื‘ื—ืจื ื• 9 ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช
10:42
and then those nine finalists were distributed throughout the entire region,
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ื•ื”ืŸ ื ืฉืœื—ื• ืœืื™ื–ื•ืจื™ื ืžืจื•ื—ืงื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ
10:46
and then the community picked their design.
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ื•ืื– ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื‘ื—ืจื” ืืช ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ืžืชืื™ื ืœื”ื.
10:48
They said, this is our design,
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ื”ื ืืžืจื•, ื–ื” ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืฉืœื ื•.
10:50
because it's not only about engaging a community;
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ืžืื—ืจ ื•ืœื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืขืกืงืช ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื”
10:53
it's about empowering a community,
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ืืœื ืขืœ ื”ืขืฆืžืช ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื”
10:54
and about getting them to be a part of the rebuilding process.
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ื•ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื”ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืœืง ืžืชื”ืœื™ืš ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉื ื‘ื ื”.
10:59
So, the winning design is here.
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ื–ื•ื›ื” ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ
11:03
And then, of course, we actually go and work
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ืขื‘ื“ื ื• ืขื ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื•ื”ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช
11:05
with the community and the clients.
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11:07
So this is the designer.
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ื–ื”ื• ืื—ื“ ื”ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื.
11:08
He's out there working with the first ever women's soccer team
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ื”ื•ื ืขื‘ื“ ืขื ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืกื™ืื˜ืžื‘ื”.
11:11
in KwaZulu-Natal, Siyathemba.
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11:14
And they can tell it better.
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ื•ื”ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืกืคืจ ื–ืืช ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
11:18
(A cappella singing in a South African language)
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11:39
Video: Well, my name is Cee Cee Mkhonza.
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(ื•ื™ื“ืื•:) "ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืฉืžื™ ื”ื•ื ืกื™ืกื™, ื•ืžืื—ืจ ื•ืื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืืคืจื™ืงืื™
11:41
I work at the Africa Centre, I'm an IT user consultant.
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ืื ื™ ื™ื•ืขืฆืช ื•ื’ื ืฉื—ืงื ื™ืช ื›ื“ื•ืจื’ืœ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช
11:44
I'm also the national football player for South Africa, Banyana Banyana.
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ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืืคืจื™ืงื”, ื‘ืืคืื ื”, ื‘ืืคืื ื”.
11:48
And I also play in the Vodacom League, for the team called Tembisa,
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ื•ืื ื™ ื’ื ืžืฉื—ืงืช ื‘ืœื™ื’ืช ื•ื•ื“ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื”ื ืงืจืืช ื˜ืžื‘ื™ืกื”.
11:55
which has now changed to Siyathemba.
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ืืฉืจ ื›ืขืช ื ืงืจืืช ืกื™ืื˜ืžื‘ื”
11:59
This is our home ground.
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ืžื’ืจืฉ ื”ื‘ื™ืชื™ ืฉืœื ื•"
12:01
Cameron Sinclair: I'm going to show that later because I'm running out of time.
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ืงืžืจื•ืŸ ืกื™ื ืงืœืจ: ืื– ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื›ื™ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ืกืชื™ื™ื.
ืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ืฉื›ืจื™ืก ืžื‘ื™ื˜ ืืœื™ ื‘ืขืจืžื•ืžื™ื•ืช.
12:05
I can see Chris looking at me slyly.
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12:07
This was a connection, just a meeting with somebody
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ
12:10
who wanted to develop Africa's first telemedicine center, in Tanzania.
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ืคื’ื™ืฉื” ืขื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉืจืฆื” ืœืคืชื—
ืืช ื”ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื” ืœืจืคื•ืื” ืžืงื•ื•ื ืช ื‘ื˜ื ื–ื ื™ื”
12:15
And we met, literally, a couple of months ago.
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ื•ื ืคื’ืฉื ื• ืœืคื ื™ ืžืกืคืจ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืขื™ืฆื‘ื ื• ืืช ื”ืžืจื›ื–
12:17
We've already developed a design.
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12:19
The team is over there, working in partnership.
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ื•ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื ืžืฆืืช ืฉื, ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ.
12:21
This was a matchmaking, thanks to a couple of TEDsters --
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืฉื™ื“ื•ืš, ืชื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื›ืžื” ืžื”ื—ื‘ืจ'ื” ืฉืœ TED:
12:24
Sun [Microsystems], Cheryl Heller and Andrew Zolli,
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ืกืืŸ, ืฉืจื™ืœ ื”ืœืจ ื•ืื ื“ืจื• ื–ื•ืœื™,
12:28
who connected me with this amazing African woman.
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ืฉื”ืคื’ื™ืฉื• ืื•ืชื™ ืขื ืื™ืฉื” ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ืช ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื”.
12:30
And we start construction in June, and it will be opened by TEDGlobal.
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ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™. ื”ืžืจื›ื– ื™ืคืชื— ืข"ื™ TED ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœ
12:34
So when you come to TEDGlobal, you can check it out.
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ืื– ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื ื‘ืื™ื ืœTED ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœ, ื‘ื“ืงื• ืืช ื–ื”.
12:37
But what we're known probably most for is dealing with disasters and development,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืืกื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื—
12:41
and we've been involved in a lot of issues,
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื
12:43
such as the tsunami and also things like Hurricane Katrina.
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ื›ืžื• ื”ืฆื•ื ืืžื™ ืื• ื”ื•ืจื™ืงืŸ ืงื˜ืจื™ื ื”.
12:49
This is a 370-dollar shelter that can be easily assembled.
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ื–ื”ื• ืžืงืœื˜ ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ 370 ื“ื•ืœืจ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืœื”ืจื›ื‘ื”.
12:57
This is a community-designed community center.
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ื–ื”ื• ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืžืจื›ื– ืงื”ื™ืœืชื™
ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืžืจื›ื– ืงื”ื™ืœืชื™ ืฉืžืขื•ืฆื‘ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืงื”ื™ืœื”.
13:02
And what that means is we actually live and work with the community,
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ื•ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืืžืช ื’ืจื™ื ื•ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขื ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช
13:06
and they're part of the design process.
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ื•ื”ืŸ ื—ืœืง ืžืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘.
13:11
The kids actually get involved in mapping out
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ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืื›ืŸ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ืคื•ื™
13:13
where the community center should be.
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ืฉืœ ืžื™ืงื•ื ืืคืฉืจื™ ืœืžืจื›ื– ื”ืงื”ื™ืœืชื™ ื•ืื– ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ
13:16
And then eventually, the community, through skills training,
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ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” , ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช,
13:20
end up building the building with us.
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ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ืื™ืชื ื•.
13:22
Here is another school.
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ื”ื ื” ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ.
13:25
This is what the UN gave these guys for six months -- 12 plastic tarps.
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ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ืื•ื ื ืชืŸ ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืืœื”, 12 ื‘ืจื–ื ื˜ื™ื.
13:30
This was in August.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜. ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ืชื—ืœื™ืฃ
13:31
This was the replacement; that's supposed to last for two years.
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ื•ื–ื” ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื.
13:34
When the rain comes down, you can't hear a thing,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ื•ืจื“ ื’ืฉื ืœื ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ื“ื‘ืจ
13:36
and in the summer, it's about 140 degrees inside.
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ื•ื‘ืงื™ืฅ ื–ื” ื‘ืขืจืš 60 ืžืขืœื•ืช ื‘ืคื ื™ื.
13:39
So we said, if the rain's coming down, let's get fresh water.
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ืื– ืืžืจื ื•, ืื ื”ื’ืฉื ื™ืจื“, ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืฉื™ื’ ืžื™ื ื˜ืจื™ื™ื.
13:42
So every one of our schools has a rainwater collection system.
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ืื– ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ื™ืฉ ืžืชืงืŸ ืœืื’ื™ืจืช ืžื™ ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืžืื“ ื ืžื•ื›ื”
13:45
Very low cost: three classrooms and rainwater collection is 5,000 dollars.
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3 ื›ื™ืชื•ืช ื•ืžืชืงืŸ ืœืื’ื™ืจืช ื’ืฉืžื™ื ืขื•ืœื™ื 5000 ื“ื•ืœืจ.
13:52
This was raised by hot chocolate sales in Atlanta.
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ื”ืกื›ื•ื ื’ื•ื™ื™ืก ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื•ืงื• ื—ื ื‘ืื˜ืœื ื˜ื”
ื•ื ื‘ื ื” ืข"ื™ ื”ื•ืจื™ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื.
13:57
It's built by the parents of the kids.
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13:59
The kids are out there on-site, building the buildings.
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ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ, ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื
14:01
And it opened a couple of weeks ago,
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ื•ื–ื” ื ืคืชื— ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืžืกืคืจ
14:03
and there's 600 kids that are now using the schools.
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ื•ื™ืฉ 600 ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื›ืจื’ืข.
14:06
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
14:13
So, disaster hits home.
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ืืกื•ื ื•ืช ืคื•ื’ืขื™ื ื’ื ื‘ื‘ืชื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
14:16
We see the bad stories on CNN and Fox and all that,
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ืจืื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืจืขื™ื ื‘ืคื•ืงืก ื•ื‘CNN
14:20
but we don't see the good stories.
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ืืš ืื ื• ืœื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื.
14:22
Here is a community that got together, and they said "no" to waiting.
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ื”ื ื” ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืฉื”ืชืืจื’ื ื” ื•ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืœื ืœื—ื›ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.
14:26
They formed a partnership, a diverse partnership of players,
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ื”ื ื”ืงื™ืžื• ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ืžื’ื•ื•ื ืช
14:30
to actually map out East Biloxi,
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ืœืžืคื•ืช ืืช ืžื–ืจื— ื‘ื™ืœื•ืงืกื™
14:32
to figure out who's getting involved.
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ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื™ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืขื•ืจื‘
14:34
We've had over 1,500 volunteers rebuilding, rehabbing homes.
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ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• 1500 ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ืฉื‘ื ื• ื•ืื›ืœืกื• ื‘ืชื™ื,
14:38
Figuring out what FEMA regulations are,
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ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ืžื” ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืฉืœ FEMA,
14:40
not waiting for them to dictate to us how you should rebuild.
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ืœื ื—ื™ื›ื• ืœื”ื ืฉื™ื›ืชื™ื‘ื• ืœื ื• ืื™ืš ืœื‘ื ื•ืช.
14:44
Working with residents,
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14:45
getting them out of their homes, so they don't get ill.
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ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขื ื“ื™ื™ืจื™ื ื•ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืื•ืชื ืžื”ื‘ืชื™ื
ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื ืœื ื™ื—ืœื•. ื›ืš ื”ื ืžื ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืชื™ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื.
14:49
This is what they're cleaning up on their own.
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14:52
Designing housing.
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ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื–ื” ืžืกืชื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืื—ื“ื™ื.
14:54
This house is going in in a couple of weeks.
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14:56
This is a rehabbed home, done in four days.
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ื–ื”ื• ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืื•ื›ืœืก ืžื—ื“ืฉ. (ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขืœื™ื•) ื”ืกืชื™ื™ืžื” ื‘ืชื•ืš 4 ื™ืžื™ื.
14:59
This is a utility room for a woman who is on a walker.
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ื–ื”ื• ื—ื“ืจ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืื™ืฉื” ืขืืœื”ืœื™ื›ื•ืŸ.
15:03
She's 70 years old. This is what FEMA gave her.
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ื”ื™ื ื‘ืช 70. ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉFEMA ื ืชื ื• ืœื”,
600 ื“ื•ืœืจ, ื–ื” ืงืจื” ืœืคื ื™ ื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื.
15:07
600 bucks, happened two days ago.
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15:10
We put together, very quickly, a washroom.
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ื”ืงืžื ื• ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ื—ื“ืจ ืžืงืœื—ืช.
15:12
It's built, it's running and she just started a business today,
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ื–ื” ื‘ื ื•ื™, ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื•ื”ื™ื ืคืชื—ื” ื”ื™ื•ื ืขืกืง
15:15
where she's washing other people's clothes.
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ืฉื ื”ื™ื ืžื›ื‘ืกืช ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื.
15:17
These are the Calhouns.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืฉื ื“ืจื” ื•ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืงืœื”ื•ืŸ. ื”ื ืฆืœืžื™ื
15:21
They're photographers who had documented the Lower Ninth for the last 40 years.
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ืืฉืจ ืชื™ืขื“ื• ืืช ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื”ืชืฉื™ืขื™ ื‘ื ื™ื• ืื•ืจืœื™ื ืก ื‘ืžืฉืš 40 ืฉื ื”.
15:25
That was their home, and these are the photographs they took.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืชื ื•ืืœื• ื”ืชืฆืœื•ืžื™ื ืฉื”ื ืฆื™ืœืžื•.
15:28
And we're helping, working with them to create a new building.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื™ืชื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื“ืฉ.
15:32
Projects we've done.
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ืืœื• ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื• ื•ื›ืืœื• ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื”ื.
15:34
Projects we've been a part of, support.
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15:36
Why don't aid agencies do this?
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ืœืžื” ืกื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืœืฉื™ืงื•ื ืœื ืขื•ืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช? ื–ื”ื• ืื•ื”ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืื•"ื,
15:40
This is the UN tent.
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15:43
This is the new UN tent, just introduced this year.
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ืื•ื”ืœ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืื•"ื. ืจืง ื”ื•ืฆื’ ื”ืฉื ื”.
15:46
Quick to assemble.
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ืžื”ื™ืจ ืžืื“ ืœื”ืจื›ื‘ื”. ืงื•ื ืกื˜ืจื•ืงืฆื™ื” ืžืชืงืคืœืช. ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ื”ืžืฆืื”.
15:47
It's got a flap -- that's the invention.
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15:51
It took 20 years to design this and get it implemented in the field.
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ืœืงื— ืœื”ื 20 ืฉื ื” ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ื•ืœื™ื™ืฉื ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืฉื˜ื—.
15:55
I was 12 years old.
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ื”ื™ื™ืช ื‘ืŸ 12 ื›ืฉื”ื ื”ื—ืœื•. ื™ืฉ ืคื” ื‘ืขื™ื”.
15:58
There's a problem here.
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16:01
Luckily, we're not alone.
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ืœืžื–ืœื ื•, ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืœื‘ื“,
16:03
There are hundreds and hundreds and hundreds and hundreds
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ื™ืฉ ืžืื•ืช ื•ืžืื•ืช ื•ืžืื•ืช ื•ืžืื•ืช
16:06
and hundreds of architects and designers and inventors
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ื•ืžืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ื ื•ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื ื•ืžืžืฆื™ืื™ื
16:10
around the world that are getting involved in humanitarian work.
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ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื•ืžื ื™ื˜ืจื™ืช.
16:16
More hemp houses -- it's a theme in Japan, apparently.
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ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืชื™ื ืžืฆืžื— ื”ืžืจื™ื—ื•ืื ื”, ืžืื“ ื ืคื•ืฅ ื‘ื™ืคืŸ.
16:19
I'm not sure what they're smoking.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืžื” ื”ื ืžืขืฉื ื™ื.
16:20
(Laughter)
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16:24
This is a Grip Clip, designed by somebody who said,
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ื–ื”ื• ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืืฉืจ ืขื•ืฆื‘ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉืืžืจ, ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื“ืจืš
16:27
"All you need is some way to attach membrane structures
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ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืงื•ื ืกื˜ืจื•ืงืฆื™ื” ืœืงื•ืจื•ืช.
16:30
to physical support beams."
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16:35
This guy designed for NASA, is now doing housing.
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ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”, ืขื™ืฆื‘ ืœื ืืกื, ื›ืจื’ืข ืžืขืฆื‘ ื‘ืชื™ื.
16:41
I'm going to whip through this quickly,
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ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืจื•ืฅ ืžื”ืจ
16:43
because I know I've got only a couple of minutes.
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ืžืื—ืจ ื•ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืจืง ืžืกืคืจ ื“ืงื•ืช.
16:47
So this is all done in the last two years.
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ื›ืœ ืืœื• ื”ืกืชื™ื™ืžื• ื‘ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช.
16:49
I showed you something that took 20 years to do.
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ื”ืจืื™ืชื™ ืœื›ื ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืœืงื— 20 ืฉื ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช,
16:51
And this is just a selection of things
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ื•ืืœื” ืจืง ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืงืจื•
16:54
that were built in the last couple of years.
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ืืฉืจ ื ื‘ื ื• ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช
16:57
From Brazil to India,
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ืžื‘ืจื–ื™ืœ ื•ืขื“ ื”ื•ื“ื•.
17:00
Mexico,
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ืžืงืกื™ืงื•.
17:02
Alabama,
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ืืœื‘ืžื”.
ืกื™ืŸ.
17:06
China,
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ื™ืฉืจืืœ.
17:08
Israel,
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ืคืœืกื˜ื™ืŸ.
17:10
Palestine,
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17:11
Vietnam.
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ื•ื™ืื˜ื ื.
17:13
The average age of a designer who gets involved in this project is 32 --
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ื”ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืฉืœ ืžืขืฆื‘
ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื 32. ื–ื” ื”ื’ื™ืœ ืฉืœื™. ืื– ื–ื” ืฆืขื™ืจ...
17:17
that's how old I am.
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17:18
So it's a young --
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17:21
I just have to stop here, because Arup is in the room,
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ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืคื”, ืžืื—ืจ ื•ืืจื•ืค (ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœ ืžืคื•ืจืกื) ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื—ื“ืจ
17:24
and this is the best-designed toilet in the world.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
ืื ืืชื ืื™ ืคืขื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœื”ื•ื“ื•, ืœื›ื• ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื”ืืœื•.
17:27
If you're ever, ever in India, go use this toilet.
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17:30
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
17:31
Chris Luebkeman will tell you why.
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ื›ืจื™ืก ืœื•ื‘ืงืžืŸ ื™ื’ื™ื“ ืœื›ื ืœืžื”
17:33
I'm sure that's how he wanted to spend the party.
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ืื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืฉื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืจืฆื” ืœื‘ืœื•ืช ื‘ืžืกื™ื‘ื”, ืื‘ืœ
17:41
But the future is not going to be the sky-scraping cities of New York,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืœื ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืจื“ื™ ื”ืฉื—ืงื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง
17:44
but this.
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ืืœื ื–ื”. ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื ืžืชืกื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื–ื” ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืžืฉื‘ืจื™ื.
17:46
And when you look at this, you see crisis.
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17:48
What I see is many, many inventors.
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ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ื–ื” ื”ืจื‘ื”, ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืžืฆื™ืื™ื.
17:51
One billion people live in abject poverty.
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ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ืžืฉืคื™ืœ,
17:53
We hear about them all the time.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืื•ื“ื•ืชื ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
17:55
Four billion live in growing but fragile economies.
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4 ืžืœื™ืืจื“ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื•ืช ืžืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืืš ืœื ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช
17:59
One in seven live in unplanned settlements.
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ืื—ื“ ืžืฉื‘ืข ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ื ื—ืœื•ืช ืœื ืžืชื•ื›ื ื ื•ืช.
18:02
If we do nothing about the housing crisis that's about to happen,
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ืื ืœื ื ืขืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ืฉื”ื•ืœืš ืœืงืจื•ืช
18:05
in 20 years, one in three people will live in an unplanned settlement
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ 20 ืฉื ื”, ืื—ื“ ืžืฉืœืฉื” ื™ื—ื™ื” ื‘ื ื—ืœื” ืœื ืžืชื•ื›ื ื ืช
18:09
or a refugee camp.
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ืื• ืžื—ื ื” ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื. ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื• ืฉืžืืœื” ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื• ื™ืžื™ื ื”. ืื—ื“ ืžื›ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉื.
18:10
Look left, look right: one of you will be there.
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18:14
How do we improve the living standards of five billion people?
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ืื™ืš ืžืฉืคืจื™ื ืืช ืชื ืื™ ื”ืžื—ื™ื” ืฉืœ 5 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืื™ืฉ?
18:17
With 10 million solutions.
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ืขื 10 ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช
18:20
So I wish to develop a community
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ืื– ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืขื•ื ื™ืŸ ืœืคืชื— ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืฉืžืืžืฆืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืคืขื™ืœื”
18:21
that actively embraces innovative and sustainable design
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ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ืžืฆืืชื™ ื•ื‘ืจ ืงื™ื™ืžื
18:25
to improve the living conditions for everyone.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ืชื ืื™ ื”ืžื—ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื•ืœื.
18:28
Chris Anderson: Wait a sec -- that's your wish?
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ื›ืจื™ืก ืื ื“ืจืกื•ืŸ: ื—ื›ื” ืจื’ืข, ืจืง ืจื’ืข. ื–ื• ื”ืžืฉืืœื” ืฉืœืš?
18:30
CS: That's my wish.
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ืงืžืจื•ืŸ : ื›ืŸ, ื–ื• ื”ืžืฉืืœื” ืฉืœื™.
ื›ืจื™ืก: ื–ื• ื”ืžืฉืืœื” ืฉืœื•!
18:32
CA: That's his wish!
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
18:33
(Applause)
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18:46
CS: We started Architecture for Humanity with 700 dollars and a website.
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ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืืช 'ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื•ืช ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช' ืขื 700 ื“ื•ืœืจ ื•ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื ื™ื™ื“,
18:50
So Chris somehow decided to give me 100,000.
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ืื– ื›ืจื™ืก ืžืฉื•ื ืžื” ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœืชืช ืœื™ ืžืื” ืืœืฃ ื“ื•ืœืจ,
18:54
So why not this many people?
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ืื– ืœืžื” ืœื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื (ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื)?
18:57
Open-source architecture is the way to go.
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ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื•ืช ื‘ืงื•ื“ ืคืชื•ื— ื”ื™ื ื”ื“ืจืš ืืœื™ื” ืื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื.
19:00
You have a diverse community of participants --
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ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืžื’ื•ื•ื ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื,
19:03
and we're not just talking about inventors and designers,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืœื ืจืง ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžืžืฆื™ืื™ื ื•ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื,
19:06
but we're talking about the funding model.
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ืืœื ื’ื ืขืœ ืžื•ื“ืœ ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืœืžื™ืžื•ืŸ.
19:08
My role is not as a designer;
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ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืฉืœื™ ื”ื•ื ืœื ืœืขืฆื‘
19:10
it's as a conduit between the design world and the humanitarian world.
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ืืœื ืœื ืชื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื•ืœื ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื•ืขื•ืœื ื”ืขื–ืจื” ื”ื”ื•ืžื ื™ื˜ืจื™ืช.
19:13
And what we need is something that replicates me globally,
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืžืฉื›ืคืœ ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
19:18
because I haven't slept in seven years.
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ื’ื ืžืื—ืจ ื•ืœื ื™ืฉื ืชื™ ื›ื‘ืจ 7 ืฉื ื™ื.
19:21
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
19:23
Secondly, what will this thing be?
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ืฉื ื™ืช, ืžื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื”?
19:26
Designers want to respond to issues of humanitarian crisis,
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ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืขื ื•ืช ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืžื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ืžื ื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ืช
19:30
but they don't want some company in the West
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ืืš ื”ื ืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืื™ื–ื• ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ืžืขืจื‘
19:33
taking their idea and basically profiting from it.
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ืฉืชื™ืงื— ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื•ืชืจื•ื•ื™ื— ืขืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื.
19:36
So Creative Commons has developed the Developing Nations license.
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ืื– ื—ื‘ืจืช 'ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ื‘ ืงื•ืžื•ื ืก' ืคื™ืชื—ื” ืืช ืจืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืชืคืชื—ื•ืช,
19:40
And what that means is that a designer can --
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ื•ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืžืขืฆื‘ ื™ื›ื•ืœ, ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืกื™ืื˜ืžื‘ื” ืฉื”ืจืื™ืชื™ ืœื›ื ื”ื™ื”
19:42
The Siyathemba project I showed
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19:44
was the first ever building to have a Creative Commons license on it.
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ื”ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืจืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืงืจื™ืื˜ื™ื‘ ืงื•ืžื•ื ืก,
19:48
As soon as that is built, anyone in Africa or any developing nation
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ื•ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื–ื” ื ื‘ื ื”, ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื” ืื• ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืžืชืคืชื—ื•ืช
19:53
can take the construction documents and replicate it for free.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื—ืช ืœื”ืขืชื™ืง ืืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื ื.
19:58
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
20:03
So why not allow designers the opportunity to do this,
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ืื– ืœืžื” ืœื ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช
20:06
but still protect their rights here?
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ืืš ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื”ื?
20:08
We want to have a community where you can upload ideas,
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ืื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื‘ื” ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช
20:12
and those ideas can be tested in an earthquake, in flood,
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ื•ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื™ื‘ื—ืŸ ื‘ืžื‘ื•ืœ ืื• ื‘ืจืขื™ื“ืช ืื“ืžื”.
20:16
in all sorts of austere environments.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืช. ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘
20:19
The reason that's important
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20:20
is I don't want to wait for the next Katrina
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ื”ื™ื ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื—ื›ื•ืช ืœืืกื•ืŸ ืงื˜ืจื™ื ื” ื”ื‘ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืื ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื™ ื™ืขืžื•ื“.
20:22
to find out if my house works.
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20:25
That's too late, we need to do it now.
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ื–ื” ืžืื•ื—ืจ ืžื“ื™. ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื ืกื•ืช ื–ืืช ืขื›ืฉื™ื•,
20:28
So doing that globally --
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ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืืœื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
20:29
and I want this whole thing to work multi-lingually.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืขื•ื ื™ืŸ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื™ืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืฉืคื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช
20:35
When you look at the face of an architect, most people think a gray-haired white guy.
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ืฉืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœ. ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืœื‘ืŸ ืขื ืฉื™ืขืจ ืžืืคื™ืจ .
20:39
I don't see that; I see the face of the world.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ื›ื›ื”. ืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ืคื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
20:41
So I want everyone from all over the planet
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ื›ืš ืฉืื ื™ ืžืขื•ื ื™ืŸ ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืžื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื
20:43
to be able to be a part of this design and development.
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ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืงื—ืช ื—ืœืง ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื•ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื—.
20:47
The idea of needs-based competitions --
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืชื—ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืฆืจื›ื™ื. ืคืจืก ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” X ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ 98 ื”ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื,
20:50
XPRIZE for the other 98 percent, if you want to call it that.
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ืื ืชืจืฆื• ืœืงืจื•ื ืœื–ื” ื›ืš.
20:54
We also want to look at ways of matchmaking
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื’ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืขื™ืฃ ืžื‘ื˜ ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœืฉื“ืš
20:57
and putting funding partners together,
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ื•ืœื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืฉืžืžืžื ื™ื.
20:59
and the idea of integrating manufacturers --
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ื•ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืฆืจื ื™ื, ืคื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื ื ืคืœืื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
21:01
fab labs in every country.
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21:03
When I hear about the $100 laptop and it's going to educate every child --
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื™ ืฉื•ืžืข ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื”ื ื™ื™ื“ ื‘100 ื“ื•ืœืจ,
ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื—ื ืš ื›ืš ื›ืœ ื™ืœื“,
21:07
educate every designer in the world.
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ืœื—ื ืš ื›ืœ ืžืขืฆื‘ ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืฉื™ืžื• ืื—ื“ ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ืขื•ื ื™
21:09
Put one in every favela, every slum settlement.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืžืฆื•ืงื”, ืžืื—ืจ ื•ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื
21:13
Because you know what? Innovation will happen.
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ืฉื”ืžืฆืื•ืช ื™ืฆื•ืฆื• ืœื”ืŸ.
21:15
And I need to know that. It's called the leap-back.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ื–ืืช. ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื–ื” ื–ื™ื ื•ืง ืœืื—ื•ืจ.
21:18
We talk about leapfrog technologies.
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ืฉื•ื—ื—ื ื• ืขืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื’ื™ื” ืฉืžืชืคืชื—ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื“ืจื’ืชื™ืช. ืื ื™ ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื‘ืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ Worldchanging,
21:20
I write with Worldchanging,
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21:21
and the one thing we've been talking about is,
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ื•ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื•,
21:23
I learn more on the ground than I've ever learned here.
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืœืžื“ืชื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ืžืืฉืจ ืœืžื“ืชื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ.
21:26
So let's take those ideas, adapt them, and we can use them.
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ืื– ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื™ืงื— ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•, ื ืืžืฅ ืื•ืชื ื•ื ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื.
21:32
These ideas are supposed to be adaptable;
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืฉื ืืžืฅ
21:35
they should have the potential for evolution;
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ืจืฆื•ื™ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ืชืคืชื— ื‘ืื‘ื•ืœื•ืฆื™ื”.
21:39
they should be developed by every nation in the world
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ื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืคื•ืชื—ื™ื ืข"ื™ ื›ืœ ืื•ืžื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื
21:42
and useful for every nation in the world.
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ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืœื›ืœ ืื•ืžื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ืžื” ืฆืจื™ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื–ื” ื™ืงืจื”?
21:44
What will it take?
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21:46
There should be a sheet.
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ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ืœื™ื•ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืžืกืคื™ืง ื–ืžืŸ ืœืงืจื•ื ืืช ื–ื”
21:47
I don't have time to read this, because I'm going to be yanked off.
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ืžืื—ืจ ื•ื™ืขื™ืคื• ืื•ืชื™ ืžืคื” ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘.
21:51
CA: Let's just leave it up for a sec.
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ื›ืจื™ืก ืื ื“ืจืกื•ืŸ: ืจืง ื”ืฉืืจ ื–ืืช ืฉื ืœืจื’ืข.
21:53
CS: Well, what will it take? You guys are smart.
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ืงืžืจื•ืŸ: ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืžื” ืฆืจื™ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื–ื” ื™ืงืจื”? ืืชื ื—ื›ืžื™ื.
21:57
So it's going to take a lot of computing power,
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ื–ื” ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ื•ื— ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘, ืžืื—ืจ ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื”,
21:59
because I want the idea that any laptop anywhere in the world
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉื›ืœ ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื ื™ื™ื“ ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืœืžืขืจื›ืช
22:03
can plug into the system
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22:04
and be able to not only participate in developing these designs,
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ื•ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื ืจืง ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘,
22:08
but utilize the designs.
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ืืœื ื’ื ืœื”ืคื™ืง ืชื•ืขืœืช ืžื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœ ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘.
22:09
Also, a process of reviewing the designs.
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22:13
I want every Arup engineer in the world to check and make sure
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉื›ืœ ืžื”ื ื“ืก Arup ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื™ื‘ื“ื•ืง
ื•ื™ื•ื•ื“ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืขืžื™ื“ื™ื.
22:17
that we're doing stuff that's standing,
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22:18
because those guys are the best in the world.
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ืžืื—ืจ ื•ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืืœื” ื”ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื
22:21
Plug.
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22:22
And so, you know, I want these --
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื–ื”.
22:26
I just should note: I have two laptops and one of them is there,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืฉื ื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื ื™ื™ื“ื™ื ื•ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืฉื
22:30
and that has 3000 designs on it.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืขืœื™ื• 3000 ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื. ืื ืืคื™ืœ ืื•ืชื• ืžื” ื™ืงืจื”?
22:32
If I drop that laptop ...
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22:35
What happens?
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22:37
So it's important to have these proven ideas put up there,
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ืื– ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืจืฉืช.
22:40
easy to use, easy to get ahold of.
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ืงืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ, ื•ืงืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื’ื™ืฉื”.
ืืžื™ ืืžืจื” ืคืขื, ืื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจ ื’ืจื•ืข ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืœืœื ืžืขืฉื™ื.
22:46
My mom once said, "There's nothing worse than being all mouth and no trousers."
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22:49
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
22:51
I'm fed up of talking about making change.
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ื ืžืืก ืœื™ ืžื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™,
22:54
You only make it by doing it.
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ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื ืขืฉื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืขืฉื™ื™ื”.
22:56
We've changed FEMA guidelines; we've changed public policy;
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ืฉื™ื ื™ื ื• ืืช ืงื•ื•ื™ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ืฉืœ FEMA ื•ืฉื™ื ื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช.
23:00
we've changed international response -- based on building things.
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ืฉื™ื ื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช, ื‘ื”ืชื‘ืกืกื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉื‘ื ื™ื ื•.
23:04
So for me, it's important that we create a real conduit for innovation,
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ืื– ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื•ืœื™ืš ืืžื™ืชื™
ืœื”ืžืฆืืชื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ื—ื™ื ื.
23:09
and that it's free innovation.
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23:10
Think of free culture -- this is free innovation.
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ื—ื™ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื—ื™ื ืžื™ืช. ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืžืฆืืชื™ื•ืช ื—ื™ื ืžื™ืช.
23:15
Somebody said this a couple of years back.
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ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืืžืจ ื–ืืช ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื,
23:20
I will give points for those who know it.
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ืื ื™ ืืชืŸ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืžื™ ืฉืžื›ื™ืจ,
23:22
But I think the man was maybe 25 years too early.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ื ืืžืจ 25 ืฉื ื” ืžื•ืงื“ื ืžื“ื™. ืื– ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืขืฉื” ืืช ื–ื”.
23:28
So let's do it.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
23:30
Thank you.
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23:32
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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