Military robots and the future of war | P.W. Singer

233,771 views ใƒป 2009-04-03

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ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: eviatar edlerman ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:13
I thought I'd begin with a scene of war.
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ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื ืกืฆื ื” ืžืชื•ืš ืžืœื—ืžื”.
00:15
There was little to warn of the danger ahead.
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ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืชืจืขื” ืจื‘ื” ืขืœ ื”ืกื›ื ื” ื”ืžืชืงืจื‘ืช
00:17
The Iraqi insurgent had placed the IED,
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ื”ืžื•ืจื“ื™ื ื”ืขื™ืจืงื™ื ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื• ืžื˜ืขืŸ,
00:19
an Improvised Explosive Device,
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ืžื˜ืขืŸ ืžืื•ืœืชืจ,
00:22
along the side of the road with great care.
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ืœืฆื“ ื”ื“ืจืš.
00:24
By 2006, there were more than 2,500
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ื‘ 2006 ื”ื™ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž 2500
00:28
of these attacks every single month,
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ืžื˜ืขื ื™ื ื›ืืœื• ื›ืœ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ
00:31
and they were the leading cause of
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ื•ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื”ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ
00:33
casualties among American soldiers
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ืœื ืคื’ืขื™ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื
00:35
and Iraqi civilians.
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ื•ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืขื™ืจืงื™ื™ื
00:37
The team that was hunting for this IED
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ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉืฆื“ื” ืžื˜ืขื ื™ื
00:39
is called an EOD teamโ€”
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ื ืงืจืื” ื™ืก"ืค
00:41
Explosives Ordinance Disposalโ€”and
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ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืœืกื™ืœื•ืง ืคืฆืฆื•ืช
00:43
they're the pointy end of the spear in the
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ื•ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื—ื•ื“ ื”ื—ื ื™ืช
00:45
American effort to suppress these roadside bombs.
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ื‘ืžืืžืฅ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืืช ืžื˜ืขื ื™ ื”ืฆื“.
00:48
Each EOD team goes out on about
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ื›ืœ ืฆื•ื•ืช ื™ืก"ืค ื™ื•ืฆืืช ื‘ืขืจืš
00:50
600 of these bomb calls every year,
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ืœ 600 ืงืจื™ืื•ืช ืœืกื™ืœื•ืง ืคืฆืฆื•ืช ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”,
00:52
defusing about two bombs a day.
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ืžื ื˜ืจืœื™ื ื‘ืขืจืš ืฉืชื™ ืคืฆืฆื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื.
00:55
Perhaps the best sign of how valuable they
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ืื•ืœื™ ื”ืกื™ืžืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื”ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื
00:57
are to the war effort, is that
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ืœืžืืžืฅ ื”ืžืœื—ืžืชื™, ื”ื•ื
00:59
the Iraqi insurgents put a $50,000 bounty
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ืฉื”ืžื•ืจื“ื™ื ื”ืขื™ืจืงื™ื ื”ืฆื™ืขื• ืคืจืก ืฉืœ 50000 ื“ื•ืœืจ
01:01
on the head of a single EOD soldier.
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ืขืœ ืจืืฉื• ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ืœ ื™ืก"ืค ืื—ื“.
01:04
Unfortunately, this particular call
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ืœืจื•ืข ื”ืžื–ืœ, ื”ืงืจื™ืื” ื”ื–ื•
01:06
would not end well.
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ืœื ื”ืกืชื™ื™ืžื” ื˜ื•ื‘.
01:08
By the time the soldier advanced close
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ืœ ื”ืชืงื“ื ืžืกืคื™ืง
01:10
enough to see the telltale wires
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ืงืจื•ื‘ ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชื™ืœ ื”ืžืžืขื™ื“
01:12
of the bomb, it exploded in a wave of flame.
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ืฉืœ ื”ืคืฆืฆื”, ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ืคืขืœื” ื•ื”ืชืคื•ืฆืฆื”.
01:15
Now, depending how close you are
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื–ื” ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื›ืžื” ืงืจื•ื‘ ืืชื” ื ืžืฆื
01:17
and how much explosive has been packed
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ื•ื›ืžื” ื—ื•ืžืจ ื ืคืฅ ื”ื•ื›ื ืก
01:19
into that bomb, it can cause death
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ื‘ืคืฆืฆื”, ื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืžื•ื•ืช
01:21
or injury. You have to be as far as
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ืื• ืคืฆื™ืขื”. ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืจื—ืง ืฉืœ
01:23
50 yards away to escape that.
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45 ืžื˜ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ืžืœื˜ ืžืžื ื”.
01:25
The blast is so strong it can even break
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ื”ืคื™ืฆื•ืฅ ื—ื–ืง ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืขืœื•ืœ ืœืฉื‘ื•ืจ
01:27
your limbs, even if you're not hit.
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ืœืš ืืช ื”ืฆืœืขื•ืช ืืคื™ืœื• ืขื ืœื ื ืคื’ืขืช.
01:29
That soldier had been on top of the bomb.
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ื”ื—ื™ื™ืœ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืขืœ ื”ืคืฆืฆื”.
01:31
And so when the rest of the team advanced
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ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืชืจ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื”ืชืงื“ืžื”
01:34
they found little left. And that night the unit's
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ื”ื ื›ืžืขื˜ ื•ืœื ืžืฆืื• ื“ื‘ืจ. ื•ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ืœื™ืœื” ืžืคืงื“ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื”
01:36
commander did a sad duty, and he wrote
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ืขืฉื” ืžื˜ืœื” ืขืฆื•ื‘ื”, ื”ื•ื ื›ืชื‘
01:38
a condolence letter back to the United
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ืžื›ืชื‘ ื ื™ื—ื•ืžื™ื ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืืจื”"ื‘
01:40
States, and he talked about how hard the
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ื•ื‘ื• ื”ื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืžื” ืงืฉื”
01:42
loss had been on his unit, about the fact
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ื”ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืฉืœื• ื•ืขืœ ื›ืš
01:44
that they had lost their bravest soldier,
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ืฉื”ื ืื™ื‘ื“ื• ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ืœ ื”ืืžื™ืฅ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœื”ื,
01:46
a soldier who had saved their lives
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ื—ื™ื™ืœ ืืฉืจ ื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื
01:48
many a time.
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ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช.
01:50
And he apologized
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื ืฆืœ
01:52
for not being able to bring them home.
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ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”.
01:54
But then he talked up the silver lining
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ืื‘ืœ ืื– ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื‘ื˜ื ืช ื”ื›ืกืฃ
01:56
that he took away from the loss.
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ืฉื”ื•ื ืœืงื— ืžื”ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ.
01:58
"At least," as he wrote, "when a robot dies,
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"ืœืคื—ื•ืช" ื”ื•ื ื›ืชื‘ " ื›ืืฉืจ ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ ืžืช,
02:00
you don't have to write a letter
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ืืชื” ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืžื›ืชื‘
02:02
to its mother."
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ืœืืžื ืฉืœื•."
02:04
That scene sounds like science fiction,
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ื”ืกืฆื ื” ื”ื–ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืฉืžืข ื›ืžื• ืžื“ืข ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™,
02:06
but is battlefield reality already.
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ืื‘ืœ ืฉื“ื” ื”ืงืจื‘ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช.
02:08
The soldier in that case
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ื”ื—ื™ื™ืœ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื–ื”
02:11
was a 42-pound robot called a PackBot.
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ื”ื•ื ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ ื‘ืžืฉืงืœ 20 ืง"ื’ ืฉื ืงืจื ืคืงื‘ื•ื˜
02:14
The chief's letter went, not to some
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ื”ืžื›ืชื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืคืงื“ ืœื ื”ื’ื™ืข
02:17
farmhouse in Iowa like you see
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ืœื—ื•ื•ื” ื‘ืื™ื•ื•ื” ื›ืžื• ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื
02:19
in the old war movies, but went to
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ื‘ืกืจื˜ื™ ืžืœื—ืžื” ื™ืฉื ื™ื, ืืœื
02:22
the iRobot Company, which is
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ืœื—ื‘ืจืช ืื™ ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜, ืฉื ืงืจืืช
02:24
named after the Asimov novel
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ืขืœ ืฉื ืจื•ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ืืกื™ืžื•ื‘
02:27
and the not-so-great Will Smith movie,
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ื•ืขืœ ืฉื ืกืจื˜ ืœื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžื•ืฆืœื— ืฉืœ ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืกืžื™ืช,
02:29
and... um... (Laughter)...
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ื•.ืืืž....(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:31
if you remember that
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ืื ืชื–ื›ืจื• ืืช ื–ื”
02:33
in that fictional world, robots started out
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ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™, ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื•
02:35
carrying out mundane chores, and then
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ืœื‘ืฆืข ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืฉื’ืจืชื™ื•ืช, ื•ื›ืขืช
02:37
they started taking on life-and-death decisions.
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ื”ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืœืงื—ืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืžื•ื•ืช.
02:39
That's a reality we face today.
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ื–ืืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉืื™ืชื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื.
02:41
What we're going to do is actually just
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ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืœืžืขืฉื”
02:43
flash a series of photos behind me that
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ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืกื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืžืื—ื•ืจื™
02:45
show you the reality of robots used in war
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ืฉื™ืจืื• ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ื
02:48
right now or already at the prototype stage.
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ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” ื›ืจื’ืข, ืื• ืฉื”ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืื‘ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก.
02:50
It's just to give you a taste.
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ื–ื” ืจืง ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืช ืœื›ื ื˜ืขื™ืžื”.
02:53
Another way of putting it is you're not
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ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ืืชื ืœื
02:55
going to see anything that's powered
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ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืžื•ื ืข ืข"ื™
02:57
by Vulcan technology, or teenage
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ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื•ื•ืœืงืŸ, ื ืขืจื™ื
02:59
wizard hormones or anything like that.
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ืžืœืื™ ื”ื•ืจืžื•ื ื™ื ืื• ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื–ื”.
03:01
This is all real. So why don't we
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ื–ื” ื”ื›ืœ ืืžื™ืชื™. ื˜ื•ื‘ ืื– ืœืžื” ืฉืœื
03:03
go ahead and start those pictures.
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ื ืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื ื”ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช?
03:05
Something big is going on in war today,
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ืžืฉื”ื• ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืงื•ืจื” ืขื ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ื™ื•ื,
03:07
and maybe even the history of humanity
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ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™.
03:09
itself. The U.S. military went into Iraq with
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ื”ืฆื‘ื ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ื ื›ื ืก ืœืขื™ืจืง
03:12
a handful of drones in the air.
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ืขื ืงื•ืžืฅ ืžืœื˜ื™ื ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจ,
03:14
We now have 5,300.
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ื›ื™ื•ื ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• 5300
03:17
We went in with zero unmanned ground
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ื ื›ื ืกื ื• ืขื 0 ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืงืจืงืขื™ื•ืช ืœื ืžืื•ื™ืฉื•ืช,
03:19
systems. We now have 12,000.
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ื•ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• 12000
03:23
And the tech term "killer application"
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ื•ื”ืžื•ื ื— ื”"ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืงื˜ืœื ื™ืช"
03:25
takes on new meaning in this space.
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ืžืงื‘ืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื–ื”.
03:28
And we need to remember that we're
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ
03:30
talking about the Model T Fords,
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ืžื•ื“ืœ ื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ืคื•ืจื“
03:32
the Wright Flyers, compared
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ื•ืขืœ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืก ืฉืœ ื”ืื—ื™ื ืจื™ื™ื˜, ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื”
03:34
to what's coming soon.
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ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื‘ื•ื.
03:36
That's where we're at right now.
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ื–ื” ืื™ืคื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื›ื™ื•ื.
03:38
One of the people that I recently met with
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ืื—ื“ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืคื’ืฉืชื™ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื”ื•ื
03:40
was an Air Force three-star general, and he
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ื’ื ืจืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ืžื—ื™ืœ ื”ืื•ื™ืจ,ื•ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ,
03:42
said basically, where we're headed very
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"ื”ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ืืœื™ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘,
03:44
soon is tens of thousands of robots
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ื”ื•ื ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืืœืคื™ื ืฉืœ ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื
03:46
operating in our conflicts, and these
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ื‘ืขื™ืžื•ืชื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.",ื•ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”
03:48
numbers matter, because we're not just
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ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืจืง
03:50
talking about tens of thousands of today's
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ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืืœืคื™ื ืฉืœ ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื,
03:52
robots, but tens of thousands of these
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ืืœื ื’ื ืขืœ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืืœืคื™
03:54
prototypes and tomorrow's robots, because
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ืื‘ื™ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก, ื•ืขืœ ื”ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื—ืจ.
03:56
of course, one of the things that's operating
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืื—ื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืžืœื•ื•ื™ื ื”ืคืขืœืช
03:59
in technology is Moore's Law,
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ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื›ื–ืืช ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืง ืžื•ืจ,
04:01
that you can pack in more and more
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ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืฉืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืจื•ื ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“
04:03
computing power into those robots, and so
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ื›ื•ื— ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ื”ืืœื”
04:05
flash forward around 25 years,
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ืื– ื‘ืงืคื™ืฆื” ืœืขื•ื“ 25 ืฉื ื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื“,
04:07
if Moore's Law holds true,
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ืื ื—ื•ืง ืžื•ืจ ืขื“ื™ืŸ ื™ืชืคื•ืก,
04:09
those robots will be close to a billion times
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ื”ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื™ื”ื™ื• ืคื™ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“
04:12
more powerful in their computing than today.
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื–ืงื™ื ื‘ื›ื•ื— ื”ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืœื”ื ืžื”ื™ื•ื.
04:15
And so what that means is the kind of
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ื•ืžื” ืฉื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ
04:17
things that we used to only talk about at
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ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืขืœื™ื”ื ื ื”ื’ื ื• ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืจืง
04:19
science fiction conventions like Comic-Con
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ื‘ื›ื ืกื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื“ืข ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื•ื ื™,
04:21
have to be talked about in the halls
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ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ
04:23
of power and places like the Pentagon.
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ืืฆืœ ืžืงื‘ืœื™ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช,ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื”ืคื ื˜ื’ื•ืŸ.
04:25
A robots revolution is upon us.
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ืžื”ืคื›ืช ื”ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ืžืชืงืจื‘ืช ืืœื™ื ื•.
04:28
Now, I need to be clear here.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื ืคื”.
04:30
I'm not talking about a revolution where you
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ืื ื™ ืœื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžื”ืคื›ื” ืฉื‘ื” ืืชื
04:32
have to worry about the Governor of
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ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืื’ื™ื ืฉืžื•ืฉืœ
04:34
California showing up at your door,
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ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื” ื™ื“ืคื•ืง ืœื›ื ืขืœ ื”ื“ืœืช
04:36
a la the Terminator. (Laughter)
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ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื”ืžื—ืกืœ ืž"ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช ืงื˜ืœื ื™ืช". (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:38
When historians look at this period, they're
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ื›ืฉื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื ื™ื‘ื™ื˜ื• ืขืœ ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ื–ืืช
04:40
going to conclude that we're in a different
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ื”ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืกื•ื’
04:42
type of revolution: a revolution in war,
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ืื—ืจ ืฉืœ ืžื”ืคื›ื”: ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื”,
04:44
like the invention of the atomic bomb.
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ื›ืžื• ื”ืžืฆืืช ืคืฆืฆืช ื”ืื˜ื•ื.
04:46
But it may be even bigger than that,
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืคื™ืœื• ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื–ื”,
04:48
because our unmanned systems don't just
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืœื ืžืื•ื™ื™ืฉื•ืช
04:50
affect the "how" of war-fighting,
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ืœื ืจืง ืžืฉืคื™ืขื•ืช ืขืœ ืื™ืš ื ืœื—ืžื™ื,
04:52
they affect the "who" of fighting
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ื”ืŸ ืžืฉืคื™ืขื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื™ ื ืœื—ื
04:54
at its most fundamental level.
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ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
04:56
That is, every previous revolution in war, be
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ื›ืœ ืžื”ืคื›ื” ืงื•ื“ืžืช ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื”
04:58
it the machine gun, be it the atomic bomb,
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ืžื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื™ืจื™ื”, ื”ืคืฆืฆื” ื”ืื˜ื•ืžื™ืช
05:00
was about a system that either shot faster,
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ืกื‘ื‘ื” ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉื™ืจืชื” ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
05:03
went further, had a bigger boom.
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ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืจื—ื•ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืขืฉืชื” ืคื™ืฆื•ืฅ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ
05:06
That's certainly the case with robotics, but
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ื–ื” ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื’ื ื”ืžืงืจื” ืขื ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื.
05:09
they also change the experience of the warrior
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื’ื ืžืฉื ื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืœื•ื—ื,
05:12
and even the very identity of the warrior.
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืืช ื”ื–ื”ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืœื•ื—ื.
05:15
Another way of putting this is that
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ืฆื•ืจื” ืื—ืจืช ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื
05:18
mankind's 5,000-year-old monopoly
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ืฉื”ืžื•ื ื•ืคื•ืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื‘ืŸ 5000 ื”ืฉื ื™ื
05:20
on the fighting of war is breaking down
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ืฉืœ ืœื—ื™ืžื” ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ืžืชืคืจืง ืœื—ืœืงื™ื
05:23
in our very lifetime. I've spent
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ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื•. ื”ืฉืงืขืชื™ ืืช
05:25
the last several years going around
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ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืœื”ืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ ื•ืœื”ื™ืคื’ืฉ ืขื
05:27
meeting with all the players in this field,
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ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื—ืงื ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื,
05:29
from the robot scientists to the science
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ืžืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื”ืžืชืขืกืงื™ื ื‘ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื,
05:31
fiction authors who inspired them to the
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ื•ืกื•ืคืจื™ ืžื“ืข ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉื ืชื ื• ืœื”ื ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืจืื”,
05:33
19-year-old drone pilots who are fighting
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ืœื˜ื™ื™ืก ืžืœ"ื˜ ื‘ื™ืŸ 19 ืฉื ืœื—ื
05:35
from Nevada, to the four-star generals
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ืžื ื•ื•ืื“ื”, ื•ืœื’ื ืจืœ 4 ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื
05:37
who command them, to even the Iraqi
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ืฉืžืคืงื“ ืขืœื™ื”ื, ื•ืขื“ ืœืžื•ืจื“ื™ื ื”ืขื™ืจืงื™ื
05:39
insurgents who they are targeting and what
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ืฉื”ืžืœ"ื˜ื™ื ืžื˜ื•ื•ื—ื™ื, ื•ืžื” ื”ื
05:41
they think about our systems, and
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ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
05:43
what I found interesting is not just
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ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืœื ืจืง
05:45
their stories, but how their experiences
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ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœื”ื, ืืœื ืื™ืš ื”ื”ืชื ืกื•ื™ื•ืช
05:47
point to these ripple effects that are going
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ืฉืœื”ื ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืœืืคืงื˜ ื”ื’ืœื™ื
05:49
outwards in our society, in our law
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ืฉืžืชืงื“ืžื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœื ื•, ืœื—ื•ืง ืฉืœื ื•
05:51
and our ethics, etc. And so what I'd like
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ื•ืœื›ืœืœื™ ื”ืืชื™ืงื” ืฉืœื ื•. ืื– ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช
05:53
to do with my remaining time is basically
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ืขื ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื ืฉืืจ ืœื™ ื”ื•ื ืœื”ืฆื™ื’
05:55
flesh out a couple of these.
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ื‘ืงืฆืจื” ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•.
05:57
So the first is that the future of war,
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉืขืชื™ื“ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”
05:59
even a robotics one, is not going to be
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืขืชื™ื“ ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™, ืœื ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช
06:01
purely an American one.
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ืžื•ืฉืคืข ืข"ื™ ืืจื”"ื‘ ื‘ืœื‘ื“.
06:03
The U.S. is currently ahead in military
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ืืจื”"ื‘ ื›ืจื’ืข ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ื™ื,
06:05
robotics right now, but we know that in
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื
06:07
technology there's no such thing as
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ืฉื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื–ื”
06:09
a permanent first move or advantage.
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ืžืงื•ื ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืข ื•ืžื•ื—ืœื˜
06:12
In a quick show of hands, how many
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ื‘ื”ืฆื‘ืขื” ืžื”ื™ืจื”, ื›ืžื”
06:14
people in this room still use
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ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื
06:16
Wang Computers? (Laughter)
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ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ ื•ื•ื ื’? (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
06:18
It's the same thing in war. The British and
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื“ื•ืžื” ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ื
06:20
the French invented the tank.
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ื•ื”ืฆืจืคืชื™ื ื”ืžืฆื™ืื• ืืช ื”ื˜ื ืง,
06:23
The Germans figured out how
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ื”ื’ืจืžื ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ืื™ืš
06:25
to use it right, and so what we have to
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ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื ื›ื•ื ื”.ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื
06:27
think about for the U.S. is that we are
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ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืืจื”"ื‘
06:29
ahead right now, but you have
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื•
06:31
43 other countries out there
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ 43 ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช
06:33
working on military robotics, and they
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ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ืฆื‘ืื™ื™ื,
06:35
include all the interesting countries like
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ื•ื”ืŸ ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื›ืžื•
06:37
Russia, China, Pakistan, Iran.
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ืจื•ืกื™ื”,ืกื™ืŸ,ืคืงื™ืกื˜ืŸ ื•ืื™ืจืŸ.
06:40
And this raises a bigger worry for me.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ื“ืื’ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™.
06:43
How do we move forward in this revolution
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ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงื“ืžื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื”ื–ืืช
06:45
given the state of our manufacturing
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ื‘ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื•,
06:47
and the state of our science and
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ื‘ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ืฉืœ ืžื“ืขื ื™ื
06:49
mathematics training in our schools?
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ื•ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืฉืœื ื•?
06:51
Or another way of thinking about this is,
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ืื• ื“ืจืš ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื,
06:53
what does it mean to go to war increasingly
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ืžื” ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœืœื›ืช ืœืžืœื—ืžื”
06:55
with soldiers whose hardware is made
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื” ืžื›ื™ืœื™ื ื—ื•ืžืจื”
06:58
in China and software is written in India?
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ื”ืžื™ื•ืฆืจืช ื‘ืกื™ืŸ,ื•ืชื•ื›ื ื” ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ืช ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื•?
07:03
But just as software has gone open-source,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ืฉืชื•ื›ื ื” ื ื”ืคื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงื•ื“ ืคืชื•ื—,
07:06
so has warfare.
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ื›ื›ื” ื’ื ื›ืœื™ ืžืœื—ืžื”.
07:08
Unlike an aircraft carrier or an atomic bomb,
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ืฉืœื ื›ืžื• ื ื•ืฉืืช ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื ืื• ืคืฆืฆื” ืื˜ื•ืžื™ืช,
07:11
you don't need a massive manufacturing
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ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืกื™ื‘ื™
07:13
system to build robotics. A lot of it is
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ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื,ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ื”ื
07:15
off the shelf. A lot of it's even do-it-yourself.
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ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื ื•ื ืžืฆืื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื“ืฃ,ื•ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื ืืคื™ืœื• ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ืช "ืขืฉื” ื–ืืช ื‘ืขืฆืžืš"
07:17
One of those things you just saw flashed
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ืื—ื“ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืจืื™ืชื
07:19
before you was a raven drone, the handheld
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ืงื•ื“ื ื”ื™ื” ืžื–ืœ"ื˜ ืžืกื•ื’ ืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ, ืžื–ืœ"ื˜ ื”ื ื–ืจืง ื‘ื™ื“.
07:21
tossed one. For about a thousand dollars,
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ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›1000 ื“ื•ืœืจ
07:23
you can build one yourself, equivalent to
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืื—ื“ ื‘ืขืฆืžื›ื,
07:25
what the soldiers use in Iraq.
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ืฉื•ื•ื” ืขืจืš ืœืžื” ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืจืง.
07:27
That raises another wrinkle when it comes
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ื–ื” ืžืขืœื” ื“ืื’ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื›ืฉื–ื” ืžื’ื™ืข
07:29
to war and conflict. Good guys might play
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ืœืกื›ืกื•ื›ื™ื ื•ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช,ื—ื‘ืจื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉื—ืงื•
07:31
around and work on these as hobby kits,
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ื•ื™ืขื‘ื“ื• ืขืœ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื›ืืœื” ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืชื—ื‘ื™ื‘,
07:33
but so might bad guys.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื•ืœื™ ื’ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืจืขื™ื ื™ืขื‘ื“ื• ืขืœ ื–ื”.
07:35
This cross between robotics and things like
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ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ื•ื˜ืจื•ืจ,
07:37
terrorism is going to be fascinating
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ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืจืชืง
07:39
and even disturbing,
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื˜ืจื™ื“.
07:41
and we've already seen it start.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืจืื™ื ื• ืืช ื–ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœ.
07:43
During the war between Israel, a state,
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืžื“ื™ื ื”,
07:45
and Hezbollah, a non-state actor,
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ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื–ื‘ืืœืœื”, ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ืžื“ื™ื ื”
07:48
the non-state actor flew
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ื—ื™ื–ื‘ืืœืœื” ื”ื˜ื™ืกื”
07:50
four different drones against Israel.
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4 ื›ื˜ื‘"ืžื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื›ื ื’ื“ ื™ืฉืจืืœ.
07:52
There's already a jihadi website
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ื™ืฉ ื›ื‘ืจ ืืชืจ ื’'ื™ื”ืื“
07:54
that you can go on and remotely
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ืฉืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื›ื ืก ืืœื™ื•
07:56
detonate an IED in Iraq while sitting
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ื•ืœืคื•ืฆืฅ ืžืจื—ื•ืง ืžื˜ืขืŸ ื ืคืฅ ื‘ืขื™ืจืง,
07:58
at your home computer.
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืืชื” ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืžื•ืœ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื”ื‘ื™ืชื™ ืฉืœืš.
08:00
And so I think what we're going to see is
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ืื– ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช
08:02
two trends take place with this.
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ืฉื ื™ ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ื ืฉื™ืงื—ื• ืชืคืงื™ื“.
08:04
First is, you're going to reinforce the power
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ื“ื‘ืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ื”ืชื—ื–ืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื•ื—
08:06
of individuals against governments,
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ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ื ื’ื“ ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช.
08:10
but then the second is that
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ื•ื
08:12
we are going to see an expansion
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ื”ืชืจื—ื‘ื•ืช
08:14
in the realm of terrorism.
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ื‘ืžืžืœื›ืช ื”ื˜ืจื•ืจ.
08:16
The future of it may be a cross between
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ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื–ื” ื™ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ
08:18
al Qaeda 2.0 and the
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ืืœ ืงืขื™ื“ื” 2.0
08:20
next generation of the Unabomber.
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ื•ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ื‘ื•ืžืจ.
08:22
And another way of thinking about this
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ื“ืจืš ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื
08:24
is the fact that, remember, you don't have
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ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื”,ื–ื›ืจื•, ืืชื ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื
08:26
to convince a robot that they're gonna
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ืœืฉื›ื ืข ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืงื‘ืœ
08:28
receive 72 virgins after they die
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72 ื‘ืชื•ืœื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืช,
08:31
to convince them to blow themselves up.
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ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื›ื ืข ืื•ืชื ืœืคื•ืฆืฅ ืืช ืขืฆืžื.
08:34
But the ripple effects of this are going to go
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื›ื ืก
08:36
out into our politics. One of the people that
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ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืœื ื•.ืื—ื“ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืคื’ืฉืชื™
08:38
I met with was a former Assistant Secretary of
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ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช
08:40
Defense for Ronald Reagan, and he put it
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ืจื•ื ืœื“ ืจื™ื™ื’ืŸ. ื•ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื‘ืื”,
08:42
this way: "I like these systems because
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"ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ
08:44
they save American lives, but I worry about
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ืฉื”ื ืžืฆื™ืœื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื,ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืžื•ื“ืื’
08:46
more marketization of wars,
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ืžืžืกื—ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช,
08:48
more shock-and-awe talk,
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืœื ื•ืื™ืžื”
08:51
to defray discussion of the costs.
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ืฉื™ื“ื—ื• ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื—ื™ืจ.
08:53
People are more likely to support the use
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ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืชืžื›ื• ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ื•ื—
08:55
of force if they view it as costless."
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ืื ื”ื ื™ืจืื• ืืช ื–ื” ื›ื—ืกืจ ืขืœื•ืช."
08:58
Robots for me take certain trends
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ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ื™ ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ืžืกื•ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื•ืคื ื”
09:00
that are already in play in our body politic,
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ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืœื•ืงื—ืช ื—ืœืง ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืœื ื•,
09:03
and maybe take them to
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ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืชืงื— ืื•ืชื
09:05
their logical ending point.
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ืœื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืกื•ืฃ.
09:07
We don't have a draft. We don't
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ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ื’ื™ื•ืก.
09:09
have declarations of war anymore.
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ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ื”ืฆื”ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืœื—ืžื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
09:12
We don't buy war bonds anymore.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืงื•ื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื’ืจื•ืช ื—ื•ื‘ ืœืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”
09:14
And now we have the fact that we're
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ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื—ืœื™ืคื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ
09:16
converting more and more of our American
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื
09:18
soldiers that we would send into harm's
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ืฉื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื•ืœื—ื™ื ืœืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืžืกื•ื›ื ื™ื
09:20
way into machines, and so we may take
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ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช.
09:23
those already lowering bars to war
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ื•ื›ื›ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ืจืฃ ื”ื ืžื•ืš ืฉืœ ืžืœื—ืžื”
09:26
and drop them to the ground.
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ื•ืžื•ืจื™ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ืžื•ืš.
09:29
But the future of war is also going to be
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช
09:31
a YouTube war.
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ืžืœื—ืžืช ื™ื•ื˜ื™ื•ื‘.
09:33
That is, our new technologies don't merely
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ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœื ื• ืœื ืจืง
09:35
remove humans from risk.
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ืžืจื—ื™ืงื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืื™ื–ื•ืจ ื”ืกื›ื ื”,
09:37
They also record everything that they see.
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ื”ื™ื ื’ื ืžืงืœื™ื˜ื” ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื ืจื•ืื”.
09:40
So they don't just delink the public:
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ื›ื›ื” ืฉื”ืŸ ืœื ืจืง ืžื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ,
09:43
they reshape its relationship with war.
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ื”ืŸ ืžืขืฆื‘ื•ืช ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืฉืœื• ืขื ืžืœื—ืžื”.
09:46
There's already several thousand
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ื™ืฉ ื›ื‘ืจ ื›ืžื” ืืœืคื™ ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื
09:48
video clips of combat footage from Iraq
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ืฉืœ ืฆื™ืœื•ืžื™ ืœื—ื™ืžื” ืžืขื™ืจืง,
09:50
on YouTube right now,
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ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ื•ื‘ ื›ื‘ืจ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•,
09:52
most of it gathered by drones.
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ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ื ืืกืคื• ืข"ื™ ืžืœ"ื˜ื™ื.
09:54
Now, this could be a good thing.
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ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘,
09:56
It could be building connections between
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ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ
09:58
the home front and the war front
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ื”ื—ื–ื™ืช ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื›ืžื•
10:00
as never before.
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ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ืืฃ ืคืขื.
10:02
But remember, this is taking place
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื›ืจื• ืฉื–ื” ืงื•ืจื”
10:04
in our strange, weird world, and so
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ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžื•ื–ืจ ืฉืœื ื•,
10:07
inevitably the ability to download these
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“
10:09
video clips to, you know, your iPod
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ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืœืื™ื™ืคื•ื“
10:11
or your Zune gives you
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ืื• ืœื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื›ื
10:14
the ability to turn it into entertainment.
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ื•ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืื•ืชื ืœืžืฉื”ื• ืžื‘ื“ืจ.
10:18
Soldiers have a name for these clips.
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ืœื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื™ืฉ ืฉื ืœืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
10:20
They call it war porn.
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ื”ื ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื”ื ืคื•ืจื ื• ืฉืœ ืžืœื—ืžื”.
10:22
The typical one that I was sent was
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ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืกื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืงื‘ืœืชื™ ื”ื’ื™ืข ื‘ืžื™ื™ืœ
10:24
an email that had an attachment of
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ืฉื”ื›ื™ืœ ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืžืฆื•ืจืฃ ืฉืœ
10:26
video of a Predator strike taking out
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ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืœ"ื˜ ืคืจื“ื˜ื•ืจ ืžืคืฆื™ืฅ,
10:28
an enemy site. Missile hits,
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ืืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ื™ื‘, ื˜ื™ืœ ืคื•ื’ืข,
10:30
bodies burst into the air with the explosion.
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ื•ื’ื•ืคื•ืช ืžืชืขื•ืคืคื•ืช ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื‘ืคื™ืฆื•ืฅ.
10:33
It was set to music.
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ืฆื•ืจืคื” ืœืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”,
10:35
It was set to the pop song
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ื–ืืช ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจ ืคื•ืค
10:37
"I Just Want To Fly" by Sugar Ray.
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"ืื ื™ ืจืง ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืขื•ืฃ" ืฉืœ ืฉื•ื’ืจ ืจื™ื™.
10:40
This ability to watch more
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ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ
10:43
but experience less creates a wrinkle
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ืคื—ื•ืช,
10:46
in the public's relationship with war.
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ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ืขื•ื“ ื“ืื’ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืžืœื—ืžื”.
10:48
I think about this with a sports parallel.
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ื›ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ื–ื” ืื ื™ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื” ืžืขื•ืœื ื”ืกืคื•ืจื˜.
10:50
It's like the difference between
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ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืฆืคื•ืช
10:53
watching an NBA game, a professional
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ื‘ืžืฉื—ืง NBA, ืžืฉื—ืง ื›ื“ื•ืจืกืœ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื ื™,
10:56
basketball game on TV, where the athletes
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ื‘ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื”, ืžืฉื—ืง ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืืชืœื˜ื™ื
10:59
are tiny figures on the screen, and
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ื”ื ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื–ืขื™ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืš.
11:01
being at that basketball game in person
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ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉื—ืง ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจืกืœ ื‘ืืžืช
11:04
and realizing what someone seven feet
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ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื‘ืืžืช ื ืจืื” ืื“ื
11:06
really does look like.
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ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉื ื™ ืžื˜ืจื™ื
11:08
But we have to remember,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ
11:10
these are just the clips.
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ืืœื” ืจืง ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื
11:12
These are just the ESPN SportsCenter
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ืืœื” ืจืง ืคืจืกื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื—ืง
11:14
version of the game. They lose the context.
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ื”ื ืžืื‘ื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœื”ื,
11:16
They lose the strategy.
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ื”ื ืžืื‘ื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื”.
11:18
They lose the humanity. War just
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ื”ื ืžืื‘ื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื
11:20
becomes slam dunks and smart bombs.
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ืžืœื—ืžื” ื ื”ื™ื™ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื•ืช ื•ืคืฆืฆื•ืช ื—ื›ืžื•ืช
11:23
Now the irony of all this is that
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ืื™ืจื•ื ื™ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ื”,
11:26
while the future of war may involve
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”
11:28
more and more machines,
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ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื›ื™ืœ ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“ ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช,
11:30
it's our human psychology that's driving
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ื–ื” ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ืฉืžื ื™ืขื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื–ื”
11:32
all of this, it's our human failings
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ืืœื” ื”ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ื
11:34
that are leading to these wars.
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ืฉืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื”ืืœื”.
11:36
So one example of this that has
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ืื– ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืื—ืช ืœื–ื” ืฉื”ื™ื”
11:38
big resonance in the policy realm is
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ืœื” ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™,
11:40
how this plays out on our very real
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ื”ื™ื ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช,
11:42
war of ideas that we're fighting
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื ืœื—ืžื™ื ื›ื ื’ื“
11:44
against radical groups.
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ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืจื“ื™ืงืœื™ื•ืช
11:46
What is the message that we think we are
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ืžื”ื• ื”ืžืกืจ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฉื•ืœื—ื™ื
11:48
sending with these machines versus what
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ืขื ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”, ื›ื ื’ื“
11:50
is being received in terms of the message.
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ืžื” ื”ืžืกืจ ืฉืžืชืงื‘ืœ
11:53
So one of the people that I met was
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ืื—ื“ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืคื’ืฉืชื™
11:55
a senior Bush Administration official,
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ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืžืžืฉืœ ื‘ื•ืฉ
11:57
who had this to say about
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ืฉื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ
11:59
our unmanning of war:
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ืžืœื—ืžื” ืœื ืžืื•ื™ื™ืฉืช
12:01
"It plays to our strength. The thing that
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"ื–ื” ืžืฉื—ืง ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ืžืื–ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื— ืฉืœื ื•.
12:03
scares people is our technology."
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืžืคื—ื™ื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ื–ื” ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœื ื•".
12:05
But when you go out and meet with people,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉืืชื” ื ืคื’ืฉ ืขื ืื ืฉื™ื,
12:07
for example in Lebanon, it's a very
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ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื‘ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ,ื–ื” ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื—ืจ ืœื’ืžืจื™.
12:09
different story. One of the people
322
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2000
ืื—ื“ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืคื’ืฉืชื™ ืฉื
12:11
I met with there was a news editor, and
323
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2000
ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ืจืš ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช,
12:13
we're talking as a drone is flying above him,
324
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2000
ื•ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื“ื‘ืจื ื• ืžืœ"ื˜ ื˜ืก ืžืขืœื™ื ื•.
12:15
and this is what he had to say.
325
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2002
ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืืžืจ.
12:17
"This is just another sign of the coldhearted
326
737162
1998
"ื–ื” ืจืง ืกื™ืžืŸ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืœื‘ ื”ืงืจ,
12:19
cruel Israelis and Americans,
327
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ื•ื”ืจื•ืข ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ื•ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื,
12:22
who are cowards because
328
742166
1992
ืฉื”ื ืคื—ื“ื ื™ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื
12:24
they send out machines to fight us.
329
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2006
ืฉื•ืœื—ื™ื ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ื ื•.
12:26
They don't want to fight us like real men,
330
746164
1992
ื”ื ืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ื ื• ื›ืžื• ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื,
12:28
but they're afraid to fight,
331
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2007
ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืžืคื—ื“ื™ื ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื.
12:30
so we just have to kill a few of their soldiers
332
750163
1991
ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจื•ื’ ืžืกืคืจ ืžื•ืขื˜ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื
12:32
to defeat them."
333
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ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืก ืื•ืชื."
12:35
The future of war also is featuring
334
755159
2007
ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื™ื•ืฆืจ ื’ื
12:37
a new type of warrior,
335
757166
1977
ืกื•ื’ ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืœื•ื—ืžื™ื.
12:39
and it's actually redefining the experience
336
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3006
ื•ืœืžืขืฉื” ื–ื” ืžื’ื“ื™ืจ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื”
12:42
of going to war.
337
762165
1998
ืฉืœ ืœืฆืืช ืœืžืœื—ืžื”.
12:44
You can call this a cubicle warrior.
338
764163
1976
ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงืจื•ื ืœื–ื” ืœื•ื—ื ื”ืงื•ื‘ื™ื”
12:46
This is what one Predator drone pilot
339
766154
2007
ื–ื” ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื˜ื™ื™ืกื™ ื”ืžืœ"ื˜ื™ื
12:48
described of his experience fighting
340
768161
2007
ืขืœ ื—ื•ื•ื™ืช ื”ืœื—ื™ืžื” ืฉืœื• ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ืขื™ืจืง
12:50
in the Iraq War while never leaving Nevada.
341
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืขื–ื‘ ืืช ื ื•ื•ืื“ื”
12:53
"You're going to war for 12 hours,
342
773157
2005
"ืืชื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœ 12 ืฉืขื•ืช,
12:55
shooting weapons at targets,
343
775162
1991
ื™ื•ืจื” ื‘ื ืฉืงื™ื ืขืœ ืžื˜ืจื•ืช,
12:57
directing kills on enemy combatants,
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ืžื—ืกืœ ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ืื•ื™ื‘
13:00
and then you get in the car
345
780159
2006
ื•ืื– ื ื›ื ืก ืœืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ื•ื ื•ืกืข ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”
13:02
and you drive home and within 20 minutes,
346
782165
1982
ื•ืชื•ืš ืขืฉืจื™ื ื“ืงื•ืช ืืชื”
13:04
you're sitting at the dinner table
347
784163
1991
ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืœื™ื“ ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืืจื•ื—ืช ื”ืขืจื‘
13:06
talking to your kids about their homework."
348
786169
1993
ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœืš ืขืœ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืช".
13:08
Now, the psychological balancing
349
788162
1991
ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืฉืœ
13:10
of those experiences is incredibly tough,
350
790168
1993
ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื”ื•ื ืงืฉื” ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“
13:12
and in fact those drone pilots have
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื˜ื™ื™ืกื™ ื”ืžืœ"ื˜ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื™ืฉ
13:15
higher rates of PTSD than many
352
795153
2008
ืื—ื•ื– ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืžืื“ ืฉืœ ืชืกืžื•ื ืช ืคื•ืกื˜ ื˜ืจืื•ืžื˜ื™ืช
13:17
of the units physically in Iraq.
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ืžืืฉืจ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉื ืžืฆืื•ืช ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ื‘ืขื™ืจืง.
13:20
But some have worries that this
354
800166
1992
ืื‘ืœ ื—ืœืง ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื ื™ืชื•ืง ื”ื–ื”
13:22
disconnection will lead to something else,
355
802158
1994
ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืžืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ,
13:24
that it might make the contemplation of war
356
804167
1998
ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ืฉืงื™ืœืช ืคืฉืขื™ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”
13:26
crimes a lot easier when you have
357
806165
2005
ืงืœื” ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื”, ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืš ืืช ื”ืžืจื—ืง.
13:28
this distance. "It's like a video game,"
358
808170
1999
"ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ืžืฉื—ืง ื•ื™ื“ื™ืื•"
13:30
is what one young pilot described to me
359
810169
1999
ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื—ื“ ืžื”ื˜ื™ื™ืกื™ื ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื™
13:32
of taking out enemy troops from afar.
360
812168
1960
ืขืœ ื—ื™ืกื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืžืจื—ื•ืง.
13:34
As anyone who's played Grand Theft Auto
361
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2995
ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืฉื™ื—ืง GTA ื™ื•ื“ืข,
13:37
knows, we do things in the video world
362
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3000
ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืืœื™
13:40
that we wouldn't do face to face.
363
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืคื ื™ื ืžื•ืœ ืคื ื™ื.
13:43
So much of what you're hearing from me
364
823164
1998
ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืžื” ืฉืืชื ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ืžืžื ื™ ื–ื”
13:45
is that there's another side
365
825162
1993
ืฉื™ืฉ ืฆื“ ื ื•ืกืฃ
13:47
to technologic revolutions,
366
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2008
ืœืžื”ืคื›ื” ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช
13:49
and that it's shaping our present
367
829163
1994
ื•ื–ื” ืžืขืฆื‘ ืืช ื”ื”ื•ื•ื”
13:51
and maybe will shape our future of war.
368
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ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”.
13:54
Moore's Law is operative,
369
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2001
ื—ื•ืง ืžื•ืจ ืคื•ืขืœ
13:56
but so's Murphy's Law.
370
836159
1998
ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ื—ื•ืง ืžืจืคื™.
13:58
The fog of war isn't being lifted.
371
838157
2005
ืขืจืคืœ ื”ืงืจื‘ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ืชืคื•ื’ื’,
14:00
The enemy has a vote.
372
840162
2010
ืœืื•ื™ื‘ ื™ืฉ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืขืœ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš
14:02
We're gaining incredible new capabilities,
373
842172
1989
ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช.
14:04
but we're also seeing and experiencing
374
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2006
ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ื’ื ื—ื•ื•ื™ื
14:06
new human dilemmas. Now,
375
846167
2000
ื“ื™ืœืžื•ืช ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช.
14:08
sometimes these are just "oops" moments,
376
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1999
ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื™ืฉ ื’ื ืจื’ืขื™ "ืื•ืคืก",
14:10
which is what the head of a robotics
377
850166
1992
ื–ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ื” ืจืืฉ ื—ื‘ืจืช ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ืงื”
14:12
company described it, you just have
378
852158
2011
ืชื™ืืจ ืืช ื–ื”."ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืจื’ืขื™ "ืื•ืคืก,"
14:14
"oops" moments. Well, what are
379
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2000
ื˜ื•ื‘ ืžื” ื”ื ืจื’ืขื™ ื”ืื•ืคืก ื”ืืœื”
14:16
"oops" moments with robots in war?
380
856169
1996
ืขื ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ื•ืžืœื—ืžื”?
14:18
Well, sometimes they're funny. Sometimes,
381
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2001
ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื”ื ืžืฆื—ื™ืงื™ื.
14:20
they're like that scene from the
382
860166
2002
ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื”ื ื›ืžื• ื”ืกืฆื ื”
14:22
Eddie Murphy movie "Best Defense,"
383
862168
2001
ืžื”ืกืจื˜ ืฉืœ ืื“ื™ ืžืจืคื™, ื”ื’ื ื” ืžื™ืจื‘ื™ืช,
14:24
playing out in reality, where they tested out
384
864169
2001
ืžืฉื•ื—ืง ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช,ื”ื ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜
14:26
a machine gun-armed robot, and during
385
866170
1988
ื”ื—ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ืช ื™ืจื™ื™ื”
14:28
the demonstration it started spinning
386
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2001
ื•ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื”ื“ื’ืžื” ื”ื•ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ ื‘ืžืขื’ืœื™ื
14:30
in a circle and pointed its machine gun
387
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ื•ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืืช ืžื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื™ืจื™ื” ืฉืœื•
14:33
at the reviewing stand of VIPs.
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ืขืœ ื™ืฆื™ืข ื”ืื—"ืžื™ื
14:36
Fortunately the weapon wasn't loaded
389
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1993
ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืžื–ืœ ื”ื ืฉืง ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื˜ืขื•ืŸ ื•ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื ืคื’ืข.
14:38
and no one was hurt, but other times
390
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2010
ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื
14:40
"oops" moments are tragic,
391
880166
1992
ืจื’ืขื™ ืื•ืคืก ื›ืืœื” ื”ื ื˜ืจื’ื™ื,
14:42
such as last year in South Africa, where
392
882158
2002
ื›ืžื• ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืืคืจื™ืงื” ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื”,
14:44
an anti-aircraft cannon had a
393
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2999
ืฉื ืชื•ืชื— ื ื’ื“ ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื ื—ื•ื•ื”
14:47
"software glitch," and actually did turn on
394
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2999
"ื‘ืื’ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื”" ื•ื‘ืืžืช ืคื ื” ื•ื™ืจื”
14:50
and fired, and nine soldiers were killed.
395
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ื•ืชืฉืขื” ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื ื”ืจื’ื•.
14:53
We have new wrinkles in the laws of war
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืงืžื˜ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืœื—ืžื” ื•ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช.
14:56
and accountability. What do we do
397
896159
1997
ืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืขื
14:58
with things like unmanned slaughter?
398
898156
2010
ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ื˜ื‘ื— ืœื ืžืื•ื™ืฉ?
15:00
What is unmanned slaughter?
399
900166
1998
ืžื” ื–ื” ื˜ื‘ื— ืœื ืžืื•ื™ืฉ?
15:02
We've already had three instances of
400
902164
2000
ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• 3 ืชืงืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ
15:04
Predator drone strikes where we thought
401
904164
2000
ืžืœ"ื˜ ืคืจื“ื˜ื•ืจ ืฉื”ืคืฆื™ืฅ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ื—ืฉื‘ื ื•
15:06
we got bin Laden, and it turned out
402
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1994
ืฉื‘ื• ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืื“ืŸ,
15:08
not to be the case.
403
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2002
ื•ื”ืกืชื‘ืจ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ืฉื.
15:10
And this is where we're at right now.
404
910160
2008
ื–ื” ื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
15:12
This is not even talking about armed,
405
912168
2000
ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ
15:14
autonomous systems
406
914168
1989
ืขืœ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืื•ื˜ื•ื ื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื—ืžื•ืฉื•ืช
15:16
with full authority to use force.
407
916157
2013
ืขื ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืžืœื ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ื›ื•ื—,
15:18
And do not believe that that isn't coming.
408
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1994
ื•ืืœ ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื–ื” ืœื ืžื’ื™ืข.
15:20
During my research I came across
409
920164
2007
ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืœื™ ื ืชืงืœืชื™
15:22
four different Pentagon projects
410
922171
1985
ื‘ 4 ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืคื ื˜ื’ื•ืŸ
15:24
on different aspects of that.
411
924156
2012
ืขืœ ืืกืคืงื˜ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื–ื”.
15:26
And so you have this question:
412
926168
2002
ื•ื›ืš ื ื•ืฆืจืช ื”ืฉืืœื”:
15:28
what does this lead to issues like
413
928170
1993
ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืžืงื“ื ื ื•ืฉื ื›ืžื•
15:30
war crimes? Robots are emotionless, so
414
930163
1992
ืคืฉืขื™ ืžืœื—ืžื”? ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ื”ื ื—ืกืจื™ ืจื’ืฉื•ืช
15:32
they don't get upset if their buddy is killed.
415
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3012
ืื– ื”ื ืœื ืžืชืจื’ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื”ื ื ื”ืจื’.
15:35
They don't commit crimes of rage
416
935167
1994
ื”ื ืœื ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ืคืฉืขื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืขืก
15:37
and revenge.
417
937161
2007
ื•ื ืงืžื”.
15:39
But robots are emotionless.
418
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ืื‘ืœ ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ื”ื ื—ืกืจื™ ืจื’ืฉื•ืช,
15:42
They see an 80-year-old grandmother
419
942165
1999
ื”ื ืจื•ืื™ื ืกื‘ืชื ื‘ืช 80
15:44
in a wheelchair the same way they see
420
944164
2000
ื‘ื›ืกื ื’ืœื’ืœื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื”ื ืจื•ืื™ื
15:46
a T-80 tank: they're both
421
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3002
ื˜ื ืง ื˜ื™ 80: ืฉื ื™ื”ื
15:49
just a series of zeroes and ones.
422
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2993
ืจืง ืกื“ืจื” ืฉืœ 0 ื• 1.
15:52
And so we have this question to figure out:
423
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3003
ื•ื›ื›ื” ื ื•ืฆืจืช ื”ืฉืืœื” ืฉืื•ืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ืจืจ:
15:55
How do we catch up our 20th century
424
955162
2003
ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืืช
15:57
laws of war, that are so old right now
425
957165
1989
ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื” 20, ืฉื”ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžื™ื•ืฉื ื™ื
15:59
that they could qualify for Medicare,
426
959154
3008
ืฉื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืงื‘ืœ ืœื‘ื™ืช ืื‘ื•ืช,
16:02
to these 21st century technologies?
427
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3008
ื•ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืืœื• ืœื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”21.
16:05
And so, in conclusion, I've talked about
428
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ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื, ืื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจืชื™ ืขืœ
16:08
what seems the future of war,
429
968157
3011
ืžื” ืฉื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“,
16:11
but notice that I've only used
430
971168
1990
ืื‘ืœ ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืฉืื ื™ ื”ืฉืชืžืฉืชื™ ืจืง
16:13
real world examples and you've only seen
431
973158
2012
ื‘ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืžื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™,ื•ืืชื ืจืื™ืชื ืจืง
16:15
real world pictures and videos.
432
975170
2001
ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืกืจื˜ื™ื ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื.
16:17
And so this sets a great challenge for
433
977171
2000
ื•ื–ื” ืžืฆื™ื‘ ืืชื’ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ
16:19
all of us that we have to worry about well
434
979171
1986
ืœื›ื•ืœื ื•,ืฉืœื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื“ืื•ื’
16:21
before you have to worry about your
435
981157
2009
ื”ืจื‘ื” ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ื•ื“ืื™ื
16:23
Roomba sucking the life away from you.
436
983166
2001
ืฉื”ืจื•ืžื‘ื” ืœื ืฉื•ืื‘ืช ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
16:25
Are we going to let the fact that what's
437
985167
1999
ื”ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืชืช ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืžื”
16:27
unveiling itself right now in war
438
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3000
ืฉืžืชื’ืœื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื”
16:30
sounds like science fiction and therefore
439
990166
2991
ื ืฉืžืข ื›ืžื• ืžื“ืข ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ ื•ืœื›ืŸ
16:33
keeps us in denial?
440
993157
2005
ืฉื•ืžืจ ืขืœื™ื ื• ื‘ื”ื›ื—ืฉื”?
16:35
Are we going to face the reality
441
995162
2004
ื”ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช
16:37
of 21st century war?
442
997166
1993
ืฉืœ ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ืžืื” ื” 21?
16:39
Is our generation going to make the same
443
999159
2001
ื”ืื ื”ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ืื•ืชืŸ
16:41
mistake that a past generation did
444
1001160
2009
ื”ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช ืฉืขืฉื” ื”ื“ื•ืจ ืœืคื ื™ื ื•
16:43
with atomic weaponry, and not deal with
445
1003169
1998
ืขื ื ืฉืงื™ื ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ื™ื,ื•ืœื ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื
16:45
the issues that surround it until
446
1005167
1995
ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืฉืกื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื–ื” ืขื“ ืืฉืจ
16:47
Pandora's box is already opened up?
447
1007162
2007
ืชื™ื‘ืช ืคื ื“ื•ืจื” ืคืชื•ื—ื”?
16:49
Now, I could be wrong on this, and
448
1009169
1998
ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืื ื™ ื˜ื•ืขื”
16:51
one Pentagon robot scientist told me
449
1011167
2004
ื•ืžื“ืขืŸ ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืคื ื˜ื’ื•ืŸ ืืžืจ ืœื™
16:53
that I was. He said, "There's no real
450
1013171
1994
ืฉืื ื™ ื˜ื•ืขื”,ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ
16:55
social, ethical, moral issues when it comes
451
1015165
1995
" ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื ื•ืฉื ืžืฆืคื•ื ื™, ืกื•ืฆื™ืืœื™, ื—ื‘ืจืชื™"
16:57
to robots.
452
1017160
1998
"ื›ืฉื–ื” ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื."
16:59
That is," he added, "unless the machine
453
1019158
2001
ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ" ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ " ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืœื ื”ื•ืจื’ื•ืช"
17:01
kills the wrong people repeatedly.
454
1021159
3010
"ืืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืœื ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืคืขื ืื—ืจ ืคืขื"
17:04
Then it's just a product recall issue."
455
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2989
"ืื– ื–ื” ืจืง ื ื•ืฉื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื–ืจืช ืžื•ืฆืจ ืชืงื•ืœ".
17:07
And so the ending point for this is
456
1027158
3011
ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื–ื”,
17:10
that actually, we can turn to Hollywood.
457
1030169
5002
ืœืžืขืฉื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœื”ื•ืœื™ื•ื•ื“
17:15
A few years ago, Hollywood gathered
458
1035171
1996
ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื•ืœื™ื•ื•ื“ ืืกืคื”
17:17
all the top characters and created
459
1037167
3006
ืืช ื”ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื™ืฆืจื” ืจืฉื™ืžื”
17:20
a list of the top 100 heroes and
460
1040173
1997
ืฉืœ ืžืื” ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื
17:22
top 100 villains of all of Hollywood history,
461
1042170
2990
ื•ืžืื” ื”ื ื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืœื™ื•ื•ื“
17:25
the characters that represented the best
462
1045160
2006
ื”ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ืฆื’ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘
17:27
and worst of humanity.
463
1047166
1992
ื•ื”ืจืข ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช,
17:29
Only one character made it onto both lists:
464
1049158
4015
ืจืง ื“ืžื•ืช ืื—ืช ื”ื•ืคื™ืขื” ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื”ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช,
17:33
The Terminator, a robot killing machine.
465
1053173
2996
ื”ืžื—ืกืœ, ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื›ื•ื ืช ื”ืจื’.
17:36
And so that points to the fact that
466
1056169
1988
ื–ื” ืžืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื”
17:38
our machines can be used
467
1058157
2013
ืฉื”ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืฉืžืฉ
17:40
for both good and evil, but for me
468
1060170
1999
ื’ื ืœื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื’ื ืœืจืข, ืื‘ืœ ืขื‘ื•ืจื™
17:42
it points to the fact that there's a duality
469
1062169
1996
ื–ื” ืžืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื›ืคื™ืœื•ืช
17:44
of humans as well.
470
1064165
3000
ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื’ื ื›ืŸ.
17:47
This week is a celebration
471
1067165
1998
ื–ื”ื• ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื• ื—ื•ื’ื’ื™ื
17:49
of our creativity. Our creativity
472
1069163
1999
ืืช ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•. ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
17:51
has taken our species to the stars.
473
1071162
1998
ืœืงื—ื” ืืช ื”ืžื™ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ืœื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื.
17:53
Our creativity has created works of arts
474
1073160
2007
ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื™ืฆืจื” ืื•ืžื ื•ืช
17:55
and literature to express our love.
475
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2996
ื•ืกืคืจื•ืช ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื˜ื ืื”ื‘ื”,
17:58
And now, we're using our creativity
476
1078163
1998
ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช
18:00
in a certain direction, to build fantastic
477
1080161
1993
ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื, ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืžื•ืคืœืื•ืช,
18:02
machines with incredible capabilities,
478
1082169
2987
ืขื ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื•ืช,
18:05
maybe even one day
479
1085156
2009
ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื‘ื™ื•ื ืžืŸ ื”ื™ืžื™ื
18:07
an entirely new species.
480
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2997
ืžื™ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ ืœื’ืžืจื™.
18:10
But one of the main reasons that we're
481
1090162
2005
ืื‘ืœ ืื—ืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื’ืœืœืŸ
18:12
doing that is because of our drive
482
1092167
1998
ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ื–ื” ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื•
18:14
to destroy each other, and so the question
483
1094165
3000
ื“ื—ืฃ ืœื”ืจื•ืก ื–ื” ืืช ื–ื”.ื•ืื– ื”ืฉืืœื”
18:17
we all should ask:
484
1097165
1994
ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ืฉืืœ,
18:19
is it our machines, or is it us
485
1099159
2000
ื”ืื ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื•
18:21
that's wired for war?
486
1101159
2007
ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืžืœื—ืžื”?
18:23
Thank you. (Applause)
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” (ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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