Military robots and the future of war | P.W. Singer

233,642 views ・ 2009-04-03

TED


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

00:13
I thought I'd begin with a scene of war.
0
13160
2000
00:15
There was little to warn of the danger ahead.
1
15160
2000
00:17
The Iraqi insurgent had placed the IED,
2
17160
2000
00:19
an Improvised Explosive Device,
3
19160
3000
00:22
along the side of the road with great care.
4
22160
2000
00:24
By 2006, there were more than 2,500
5
24160
4000
00:28
of these attacks every single month,
6
28160
3000
00:31
and they were the leading cause of
7
31160
2000
00:33
casualties among American soldiers
8
33160
2000
00:35
and Iraqi civilians.
9
35160
2000
00:37
The team that was hunting for this IED
10
37160
2000
00:39
is called an EOD team—
11
39160
2000
00:41
Explosives Ordinance Disposal—and
12
41160
2000
00:43
they're the pointy end of the spear in the
13
43160
2000
00:45
American effort to suppress these roadside bombs.
14
45160
3000
00:48
Each EOD team goes out on about
15
48160
2000
00:50
600 of these bomb calls every year,
16
50160
2000
00:52
defusing about two bombs a day.
17
52160
3000
00:55
Perhaps the best sign of how valuable they
18
55160
2000
00:57
are to the war effort, is that
19
57160
2000
00:59
the Iraqi insurgents put a $50,000 bounty
20
59160
2000
01:01
on the head of a single EOD soldier.
21
61160
3000
01:04
Unfortunately, this particular call
22
64160
2000
01:06
would not end well.
23
66160
2000
01:08
By the time the soldier advanced close
24
68160
2000
01:10
enough to see the telltale wires
25
70160
2000
01:12
of the bomb, it exploded in a wave of flame.
26
72160
3000
01:15
Now, depending how close you are
27
75160
2000
01:17
and how much explosive has been packed
28
77160
2000
01:19
into that bomb, it can cause death
29
79160
2000
01:21
or injury. You have to be as far as
30
81160
2000
01:23
50 yards away to escape that.
31
83160
2000
01:25
The blast is so strong it can even break
32
85160
2000
01:27
your limbs, even if you're not hit.
33
87160
2000
01:29
That soldier had been on top of the bomb.
34
89160
2000
01:31
And so when the rest of the team advanced
35
91160
3000
01:34
they found little left. And that night the unit's
36
94160
2000
01:36
commander did a sad duty, and he wrote
37
96160
2000
01:38
a condolence letter back to the United
38
98160
2000
01:40
States, and he talked about how hard the
39
100160
2000
01:42
loss had been on his unit, about the fact
40
102160
2000
01:44
that they had lost their bravest soldier,
41
104160
2000
01:46
a soldier who had saved their lives
42
106160
2000
01:48
many a time.
43
108160
2000
01:50
And he apologized
44
110160
2000
01:52
for not being able to bring them home.
45
112160
2000
01:54
But then he talked up the silver lining
46
114160
2000
01:56
that he took away from the loss.
47
116160
2000
01:58
"At least," as he wrote, "when a robot dies,
48
118160
2000
02:00
you don't have to write a letter
49
120160
2000
02:02
to its mother."
50
122160
2000
02:04
That scene sounds like science fiction,
51
124160
2000
02:06
but is battlefield reality already.
52
126160
2000
02:08
The soldier in that case
53
128160
3000
02:11
was a 42-pound robot called a PackBot.
54
131160
3000
02:14
The chief's letter went, not to some
55
134160
3000
02:17
farmhouse in Iowa like you see
56
137160
2000
02:19
in the old war movies, but went to
57
139160
3000
02:22
the iRobot Company, which is
58
142160
2000
02:24
named after the Asimov novel
59
144160
3000
02:27
and the not-so-great Will Smith movie,
60
147160
2000
02:29
and... um... (Laughter)...
61
149160
2000
02:31
if you remember that
62
151160
2000
02:33
in that fictional world, robots started out
63
153160
2000
02:35
carrying out mundane chores, and then
64
155160
2000
02:37
they started taking on life-and-death decisions.
65
157160
2000
02:39
That's a reality we face today.
66
159160
2000
02:41
What we're going to do is actually just
67
161160
2000
02:43
flash a series of photos behind me that
68
163160
2000
02:45
show you the reality of robots used in war
69
165160
3000
02:48
right now or already at the prototype stage.
70
168160
2000
02:50
It's just to give you a taste.
71
170160
3000
02:53
Another way of putting it is you're not
72
173160
2000
02:55
going to see anything that's powered
73
175160
2000
02:57
by Vulcan technology, or teenage
74
177160
2000
02:59
wizard hormones or anything like that.
75
179160
2000
03:01
This is all real. So why don't we
76
181160
2000
03:03
go ahead and start those pictures.
77
183160
2000
03:05
Something big is going on in war today,
78
185160
2000
03:07
and maybe even the history of humanity
79
187160
2000
03:09
itself. The U.S. military went into Iraq with
80
189160
3000
03:12
a handful of drones in the air.
81
192160
2000
03:14
We now have 5,300.
82
194160
3000
03:17
We went in with zero unmanned ground
83
197160
2000
03:19
systems. We now have 12,000.
84
199160
4000
03:23
And the tech term "killer application"
85
203160
2000
03:25
takes on new meaning in this space.
86
205160
3000
03:28
And we need to remember that we're
87
208160
2000
03:30
talking about the Model T Fords,
88
210160
2000
03:32
the Wright Flyers, compared
89
212160
2000
03:34
to what's coming soon.
90
214160
2000
03:36
That's where we're at right now.
91
216160
2000
03:38
One of the people that I recently met with
92
218160
2000
03:40
was an Air Force three-star general, and he
93
220160
2000
03:42
said basically, where we're headed very
94
222160
2000
03:44
soon is tens of thousands of robots
95
224160
2000
03:46
operating in our conflicts, and these
96
226160
2000
03:48
numbers matter, because we're not just
97
228160
2000
03:50
talking about tens of thousands of today's
98
230160
2000
03:52
robots, but tens of thousands of these
99
232160
2000
03:54
prototypes and tomorrow's robots, because
100
234160
2000
03:56
of course, one of the things that's operating
101
236160
3000
03:59
in technology is Moore's Law,
102
239160
2000
04:01
that you can pack in more and more
103
241160
2000
04:03
computing power into those robots, and so
104
243160
2000
04:05
flash forward around 25 years,
105
245160
2000
04:07
if Moore's Law holds true,
106
247160
2000
04:09
those robots will be close to a billion times
107
249160
3000
04:12
more powerful in their computing than today.
108
252160
3000
04:15
And so what that means is the kind of
109
255160
2000
04:17
things that we used to only talk about at
110
257160
2000
04:19
science fiction conventions like Comic-Con
111
259160
2000
04:21
have to be talked about in the halls
112
261160
2000
04:23
of power and places like the Pentagon.
113
263160
2000
04:25
A robots revolution is upon us.
114
265160
3000
04:28
Now, I need to be clear here.
115
268160
2000
04:30
I'm not talking about a revolution where you
116
270160
2000
04:32
have to worry about the Governor of
117
272160
2000
04:34
California showing up at your door,
118
274160
2000
04:36
a la the Terminator. (Laughter)
119
276160
2000
04:38
When historians look at this period, they're
120
278160
2000
04:40
going to conclude that we're in a different
121
280160
2000
04:42
type of revolution: a revolution in war,
122
282160
2000
04:44
like the invention of the atomic bomb.
123
284160
2000
04:46
But it may be even bigger than that,
124
286160
2000
04:48
because our unmanned systems don't just
125
288160
2000
04:50
affect the "how" of war-fighting,
126
290160
2000
04:52
they affect the "who" of fighting
127
292160
2000
04:54
at its most fundamental level.
128
294160
2000
04:56
That is, every previous revolution in war, be
129
296160
2000
04:58
it the machine gun, be it the atomic bomb,
130
298160
2000
05:00
was about a system that either shot faster,
131
300160
3000
05:03
went further, had a bigger boom.
132
303160
3000
05:06
That's certainly the case with robotics, but
133
306160
3000
05:09
they also change the experience of the warrior
134
309160
3000
05:12
and even the very identity of the warrior.
135
312160
3000
05:15
Another way of putting this is that
136
315160
3000
05:18
mankind's 5,000-year-old monopoly
137
318160
2000
05:20
on the fighting of war is breaking down
138
320160
3000
05:23
in our very lifetime. I've spent
139
323160
2000
05:25
the last several years going around
140
325160
2000
05:27
meeting with all the players in this field,
141
327160
2000
05:29
from the robot scientists to the science
142
329160
2000
05:31
fiction authors who inspired them to the
143
331160
2000
05:33
19-year-old drone pilots who are fighting
144
333160
2000
05:35
from Nevada, to the four-star generals
145
335160
2000
05:37
who command them, to even the Iraqi
146
337160
2000
05:39
insurgents who they are targeting and what
147
339160
2000
05:41
they think about our systems, and
148
341160
2000
05:43
what I found interesting is not just
149
343160
2000
05:45
their stories, but how their experiences
150
345160
2000
05:47
point to these ripple effects that are going
151
347160
2000
05:49
outwards in our society, in our law
152
349160
2000
05:51
and our ethics, etc. And so what I'd like
153
351160
2000
05:53
to do with my remaining time is basically
154
353160
2000
05:55
flesh out a couple of these.
155
355160
2000
05:57
So the first is that the future of war,
156
357160
2000
05:59
even a robotics one, is not going to be
157
359160
2000
06:01
purely an American one.
158
361160
2000
06:03
The U.S. is currently ahead in military
159
363160
2000
06:05
robotics right now, but we know that in
160
365160
2000
06:07
technology there's no such thing as
161
367160
2000
06:09
a permanent first move or advantage.
162
369160
3000
06:12
In a quick show of hands, how many
163
372160
2000
06:14
people in this room still use
164
374160
2000
06:16
Wang Computers? (Laughter)
165
376160
2000
06:18
It's the same thing in war. The British and
166
378160
2000
06:20
the French invented the tank.
167
380160
3000
06:23
The Germans figured out how
168
383160
2000
06:25
to use it right, and so what we have to
169
385160
2000
06:27
think about for the U.S. is that we are
170
387160
2000
06:29
ahead right now, but you have
171
389160
2000
06:31
43 other countries out there
172
391160
2000
06:33
working on military robotics, and they
173
393160
2000
06:35
include all the interesting countries like
174
395160
2000
06:37
Russia, China, Pakistan, Iran.
175
397160
3000
06:40
And this raises a bigger worry for me.
176
400160
3000
06:43
How do we move forward in this revolution
177
403160
2000
06:45
given the state of our manufacturing
178
405160
2000
06:47
and the state of our science and
179
407160
2000
06:49
mathematics training in our schools?
180
409160
2000
06:51
Or another way of thinking about this is,
181
411160
2000
06:53
what does it mean to go to war increasingly
182
413160
2000
06:55
with soldiers whose hardware is made
183
415160
3000
06:58
in China and software is written in India?
184
418160
5000
07:03
But just as software has gone open-source,
185
423160
3000
07:06
so has warfare.
186
426160
2000
07:08
Unlike an aircraft carrier or an atomic bomb,
187
428160
3000
07:11
you don't need a massive manufacturing
188
431160
2000
07:13
system to build robotics. A lot of it is
189
433160
2000
07:15
off the shelf. A lot of it's even do-it-yourself.
190
435160
2000
07:17
One of those things you just saw flashed
191
437160
2000
07:19
before you was a raven drone, the handheld
192
439160
2000
07:21
tossed one. For about a thousand dollars,
193
441160
2000
07:23
you can build one yourself, equivalent to
194
443160
2000
07:25
what the soldiers use in Iraq.
195
445160
2000
07:27
That raises another wrinkle when it comes
196
447160
2000
07:29
to war and conflict. Good guys might play
197
449160
2000
07:31
around and work on these as hobby kits,
198
451160
2000
07:33
but so might bad guys.
199
453160
2000
07:35
This cross between robotics and things like
200
455160
2000
07:37
terrorism is going to be fascinating
201
457160
2000
07:39
and even disturbing,
202
459160
2000
07:41
and we've already seen it start.
203
461160
2000
07:43
During the war between Israel, a state,
204
463160
2000
07:45
and Hezbollah, a non-state actor,
205
465160
3000
07:48
the non-state actor flew
206
468160
2000
07:50
four different drones against Israel.
207
470160
2000
07:52
There's already a jihadi website
208
472160
2000
07:54
that you can go on and remotely
209
474160
2000
07:56
detonate an IED in Iraq while sitting
210
476160
2000
07:58
at your home computer.
211
478160
2000
08:00
And so I think what we're going to see is
212
480160
2000
08:02
two trends take place with this.
213
482160
2000
08:04
First is, you're going to reinforce the power
214
484160
2000
08:06
of individuals against governments,
215
486160
4000
08:10
but then the second is that
216
490160
2000
08:12
we are going to see an expansion
217
492160
2000
08:14
in the realm of terrorism.
218
494160
2000
08:16
The future of it may be a cross between
219
496160
2000
08:18
al Qaeda 2.0 and the
220
498160
2000
08:20
next generation of the Unabomber.
221
500160
2000
08:22
And another way of thinking about this
222
502160
2000
08:24
is the fact that, remember, you don't have
223
504160
2000
08:26
to convince a robot that they're gonna
224
506160
2000
08:28
receive 72 virgins after they die
225
508160
3000
08:31
to convince them to blow themselves up.
226
511160
3000
08:34
But the ripple effects of this are going to go
227
514160
2000
08:36
out into our politics. One of the people that
228
516160
2000
08:38
I met with was a former Assistant Secretary of
229
518160
2000
08:40
Defense for Ronald Reagan, and he put it
230
520160
2000
08:42
this way: "I like these systems because
231
522160
2000
08:44
they save American lives, but I worry about
232
524160
2000
08:46
more marketization of wars,
233
526160
2000
08:48
more shock-and-awe talk,
234
528160
3000
08:51
to defray discussion of the costs.
235
531160
2000
08:53
People are more likely to support the use
236
533160
2000
08:55
of force if they view it as costless."
237
535160
3000
08:58
Robots for me take certain trends
238
538160
2000
09:00
that are already in play in our body politic,
239
540160
3000
09:03
and maybe take them to
240
543160
2000
09:05
their logical ending point.
241
545160
2000
09:07
We don't have a draft. We don't
242
547160
2000
09:09
have declarations of war anymore.
243
549160
3000
09:12
We don't buy war bonds anymore.
244
552160
2000
09:14
And now we have the fact that we're
245
554160
2000
09:16
converting more and more of our American
246
556160
2000
09:18
soldiers that we would send into harm's
247
558160
2000
09:20
way into machines, and so we may take
248
560160
3000
09:23
those already lowering bars to war
249
563160
3000
09:26
and drop them to the ground.
250
566160
3000
09:29
But the future of war is also going to be
251
569160
2000
09:31
a YouTube war.
252
571160
2000
09:33
That is, our new technologies don't merely
253
573160
2000
09:35
remove humans from risk.
254
575160
2000
09:37
They also record everything that they see.
255
577160
3000
09:40
So they don't just delink the public:
256
580160
3000
09:43
they reshape its relationship with war.
257
583160
3000
09:46
There's already several thousand
258
586160
2000
09:48
video clips of combat footage from Iraq
259
588160
2000
09:50
on YouTube right now,
260
590160
2000
09:52
most of it gathered by drones.
261
592160
2000
09:54
Now, this could be a good thing.
262
594160
2000
09:56
It could be building connections between
263
596160
2000
09:58
the home front and the war front
264
598160
2000
10:00
as never before.
265
600160
2000
10:02
But remember, this is taking place
266
602160
2000
10:04
in our strange, weird world, and so
267
604160
3000
10:07
inevitably the ability to download these
268
607160
2000
10:09
video clips to, you know, your iPod
269
609160
2000
10:11
or your Zune gives you
270
611160
3000
10:14
the ability to turn it into entertainment.
271
614160
4000
10:18
Soldiers have a name for these clips.
272
618160
2000
10:20
They call it war porn.
273
620160
2000
10:22
The typical one that I was sent was
274
622160
2000
10:24
an email that had an attachment of
275
624160
2000
10:26
video of a Predator strike taking out
276
626160
2000
10:28
an enemy site. Missile hits,
277
628160
2000
10:30
bodies burst into the air with the explosion.
278
630160
3000
10:33
It was set to music.
279
633160
2000
10:35
It was set to the pop song
280
635160
2000
10:37
"I Just Want To Fly" by Sugar Ray.
281
637160
3000
10:40
This ability to watch more
282
640160
3000
10:43
but experience less creates a wrinkle
283
643160
3000
10:46
in the public's relationship with war.
284
646160
2000
10:48
I think about this with a sports parallel.
285
648160
2000
10:50
It's like the difference between
286
650160
3000
10:53
watching an NBA game, a professional
287
653160
3000
10:56
basketball game on TV, where the athletes
288
656160
3000
10:59
are tiny figures on the screen, and
289
659160
2000
11:01
being at that basketball game in person
290
661160
3000
11:04
and realizing what someone seven feet
291
664160
2000
11:06
really does look like.
292
666160
2000
11:08
But we have to remember,
293
668160
2000
11:10
these are just the clips.
294
670160
2000
11:12
These are just the ESPN SportsCenter
295
672160
2000
11:14
version of the game. They lose the context.
296
674160
2000
11:16
They lose the strategy.
297
676160
2000
11:18
They lose the humanity. War just
298
678160
2000
11:20
becomes slam dunks and smart bombs.
299
680160
3000
11:23
Now the irony of all this is that
300
683160
3000
11:26
while the future of war may involve
301
686160
2000
11:28
more and more machines,
302
688160
2000
11:30
it's our human psychology that's driving
303
690160
2000
11:32
all of this, it's our human failings
304
692160
2000
11:34
that are leading to these wars.
305
694160
2000
11:36
So one example of this that has
306
696160
2000
11:38
big resonance in the policy realm is
307
698160
2000
11:40
how this plays out on our very real
308
700160
2000
11:42
war of ideas that we're fighting
309
702160
2000
11:44
against radical groups.
310
704160
2000
11:46
What is the message that we think we are
311
706160
2000
11:48
sending with these machines versus what
312
708160
2000
11:50
is being received in terms of the message.
313
710160
3000
11:53
So one of the people that I met was
314
713160
2000
11:55
a senior Bush Administration official,
315
715160
2000
11:57
who had this to say about
316
717160
2000
11:59
our unmanning of war:
317
719160
2000
12:01
"It plays to our strength. The thing that
318
721160
2000
12:03
scares people is our technology."
319
723160
2000
12:05
But when you go out and meet with people,
320
725160
2000
12:07
for example in Lebanon, it's a very
321
727160
2000
12:09
different story. One of the people
322
729160
2000
12:11
I met with there was a news editor, and
323
731160
2000
12:13
we're talking as a drone is flying above him,
324
733160
2000
12:15
and this is what he had to say.
325
735160
2002
12:17
"This is just another sign of the coldhearted
326
737162
1998
12:19
cruel Israelis and Americans,
327
739160
3006
12:22
who are cowards because
328
742166
1992
12:24
they send out machines to fight us.
329
744158
2006
12:26
They don't want to fight us like real men,
330
746164
1992
12:28
but they're afraid to fight,
331
748156
2007
12:30
so we just have to kill a few of their soldiers
332
750163
1991
12:32
to defeat them."
333
752154
3005
12:35
The future of war also is featuring
334
755159
2007
12:37
a new type of warrior,
335
757166
1977
12:39
and it's actually redefining the experience
336
759159
3006
12:42
of going to war.
337
762165
1998
12:44
You can call this a cubicle warrior.
338
764163
1976
12:46
This is what one Predator drone pilot
339
766154
2007
12:48
described of his experience fighting
340
768161
2007
12:50
in the Iraq War while never leaving Nevada.
341
770168
2989
12:53
"You're going to war for 12 hours,
342
773157
2005
12:55
shooting weapons at targets,
343
775162
1991
12:57
directing kills on enemy combatants,
344
777168
2991
13:00
and then you get in the car
345
780159
2006
13:02
and you drive home and within 20 minutes,
346
782165
1982
13:04
you're sitting at the dinner table
347
784163
1991
13:06
talking to your kids about their homework."
348
786169
1993
13:08
Now, the psychological balancing
349
788162
1991
13:10
of those experiences is incredibly tough,
350
790168
1993
13:12
and in fact those drone pilots have
351
792161
2992
13:15
higher rates of PTSD than many
352
795153
2008
13:17
of the units physically in Iraq.
353
797161
3005
13:20
But some have worries that this
354
800166
1992
13:22
disconnection will lead to something else,
355
802158
1994
13:24
that it might make the contemplation of war
356
804167
1998
13:26
crimes a lot easier when you have
357
806165
2005
13:28
this distance. "It's like a video game,"
358
808170
1999
13:30
is what one young pilot described to me
359
810169
1999
13:32
of taking out enemy troops from afar.
360
812168
1960
13:34
As anyone who's played Grand Theft Auto
361
814158
2995
13:37
knows, we do things in the video world
362
817168
3000
13:40
that we wouldn't do face to face.
363
820168
2996
13:43
So much of what you're hearing from me
364
823164
1998
13:45
is that there's another side
365
825162
1993
13:47
to technologic revolutions,
366
827155
2008
13:49
and that it's shaping our present
367
829163
1994
13:51
and maybe will shape our future of war.
368
831157
3001
13:54
Moore's Law is operative,
369
834158
2001
13:56
but so's Murphy's Law.
370
836159
1998
13:58
The fog of war isn't being lifted.
371
838157
2005
14:00
The enemy has a vote.
372
840162
2010
14:02
We're gaining incredible new capabilities,
373
842172
1989
14:04
but we're also seeing and experiencing
374
844161
2006
14:06
new human dilemmas. Now,
375
846167
2000
14:08
sometimes these are just "oops" moments,
376
848167
1999
14:10
which is what the head of a robotics
377
850166
1992
14:12
company described it, you just have
378
852158
2011
14:14
"oops" moments. Well, what are
379
854169
2000
14:16
"oops" moments with robots in war?
380
856169
1996
14:18
Well, sometimes they're funny. Sometimes,
381
858165
2001
14:20
they're like that scene from the
382
860166
2002
14:22
Eddie Murphy movie "Best Defense,"
383
862168
2001
14:24
playing out in reality, where they tested out
384
864169
2001
14:26
a machine gun-armed robot, and during
385
866170
1988
14:28
the demonstration it started spinning
386
868158
2001
14:30
in a circle and pointed its machine gun
387
870159
3009
14:33
at the reviewing stand of VIPs.
388
873168
2995
14:36
Fortunately the weapon wasn't loaded
389
876163
1993
14:38
and no one was hurt, but other times
390
878156
2010
14:40
"oops" moments are tragic,
391
880166
1992
14:42
such as last year in South Africa, where
392
882158
2002
14:44
an anti-aircraft cannon had a
393
884160
2999
14:47
"software glitch," and actually did turn on
394
887159
2999
14:50
and fired, and nine soldiers were killed.
395
890158
3004
14:53
We have new wrinkles in the laws of war
396
893162
2997
14:56
and accountability. What do we do
397
896159
1997
14:58
with things like unmanned slaughter?
398
898156
2010
15:00
What is unmanned slaughter?
399
900166
1998
15:02
We've already had three instances of
400
902164
2000
15:04
Predator drone strikes where we thought
401
904164
2000
15:06
we got bin Laden, and it turned out
402
906164
1994
15:08
not to be the case.
403
908158
2002
15:10
And this is where we're at right now.
404
910160
2008
15:12
This is not even talking about armed,
405
912168
2000
15:14
autonomous systems
406
914168
1989
15:16
with full authority to use force.
407
916157
2013
15:18
And do not believe that that isn't coming.
408
918170
1994
15:20
During my research I came across
409
920164
2007
15:22
four different Pentagon projects
410
922171
1985
15:24
on different aspects of that.
411
924156
2012
15:26
And so you have this question:
412
926168
2002
15:28
what does this lead to issues like
413
928170
1993
15:30
war crimes? Robots are emotionless, so
414
930163
1992
15:32
they don't get upset if their buddy is killed.
415
932155
3012
15:35
They don't commit crimes of rage
416
935167
1994
15:37
and revenge.
417
937161
2007
15:39
But robots are emotionless.
418
939168
2997
15:42
They see an 80-year-old grandmother
419
942165
1999
15:44
in a wheelchair the same way they see
420
944164
2000
15:46
a T-80 tank: they're both
421
946164
3002
15:49
just a series of zeroes and ones.
422
949166
2993
15:52
And so we have this question to figure out:
423
952159
3003
15:55
How do we catch up our 20th century
424
955162
2003
15:57
laws of war, that are so old right now
425
957165
1989
15:59
that they could qualify for Medicare,
426
959154
3008
16:02
to these 21st century technologies?
427
962162
3008
16:05
And so, in conclusion, I've talked about
428
965170
2987
16:08
what seems the future of war,
429
968157
3011
16:11
but notice that I've only used
430
971168
1990
16:13
real world examples and you've only seen
431
973158
2012
16:15
real world pictures and videos.
432
975170
2001
16:17
And so this sets a great challenge for
433
977171
2000
16:19
all of us that we have to worry about well
434
979171
1986
16:21
before you have to worry about your
435
981157
2009
16:23
Roomba sucking the life away from you.
436
983166
2001
16:25
Are we going to let the fact that what's
437
985167
1999
16:27
unveiling itself right now in war
438
987166
3000
16:30
sounds like science fiction and therefore
439
990166
2991
16:33
keeps us in denial?
440
993157
2005
16:35
Are we going to face the reality
441
995162
2004
16:37
of 21st century war?
442
997166
1993
16:39
Is our generation going to make the same
443
999159
2001
16:41
mistake that a past generation did
444
1001160
2009
16:43
with atomic weaponry, and not deal with
445
1003169
1998
16:45
the issues that surround it until
446
1005167
1995
16:47
Pandora's box is already opened up?
447
1007162
2007
16:49
Now, I could be wrong on this, and
448
1009169
1998
16:51
one Pentagon robot scientist told me
449
1011167
2004
16:53
that I was. He said, "There's no real
450
1013171
1994
16:55
social, ethical, moral issues when it comes
451
1015165
1995
16:57
to robots.
452
1017160
1998
16:59
That is," he added, "unless the machine
453
1019158
2001
17:01
kills the wrong people repeatedly.
454
1021159
3010
17:04
Then it's just a product recall issue."
455
1024169
2989
17:07
And so the ending point for this is
456
1027158
3011
17:10
that actually, we can turn to Hollywood.
457
1030169
5002
17:15
A few years ago, Hollywood gathered
458
1035171
1996
17:17
all the top characters and created
459
1037167
3006
17:20
a list of the top 100 heroes and
460
1040173
1997
17:22
top 100 villains of all of Hollywood history,
461
1042170
2990
17:25
the characters that represented the best
462
1045160
2006
17:27
and worst of humanity.
463
1047166
1992
17:29
Only one character made it onto both lists:
464
1049158
4015
17:33
The Terminator, a robot killing machine.
465
1053173
2996
17:36
And so that points to the fact that
466
1056169
1988
17:38
our machines can be used
467
1058157
2013
17:40
for both good and evil, but for me
468
1060170
1999
17:42
it points to the fact that there's a duality
469
1062169
1996
17:44
of humans as well.
470
1064165
3000
17:47
This week is a celebration
471
1067165
1998
17:49
of our creativity. Our creativity
472
1069163
1999
17:51
has taken our species to the stars.
473
1071162
1998
17:53
Our creativity has created works of arts
474
1073160
2007
17:55
and literature to express our love.
475
1075167
2996
17:58
And now, we're using our creativity
476
1078163
1998
18:00
in a certain direction, to build fantastic
477
1080161
1993
18:02
machines with incredible capabilities,
478
1082169
2987
18:05
maybe even one day
479
1085156
2009
18:07
an entirely new species.
480
1087165
2997
18:10
But one of the main reasons that we're
481
1090162
2005
18:12
doing that is because of our drive
482
1092167
1998
18:14
to destroy each other, and so the question
483
1094165
3000
18:17
we all should ask:
484
1097165
1994
18:19
is it our machines, or is it us
485
1099159
2000
18:21
that's wired for war?
486
1101159
2007
18:23
Thank you. (Applause)
487
1103166
2098
About this website

This site will introduce you to YouTube videos that are useful for learning English. You will see English lessons taught by top-notch teachers from around the world. Double-click on the English subtitles displayed on each video page to play the video from there. The subtitles scroll in sync with the video playback. If you have any comments or requests, please contact us using this contact form.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7