Jacqueline Novogratz: Tackling poverty with "patient capita

27,477 views ใƒป 2007-08-14

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Eli Lerner ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:26
I really am honored to be here, and as Chris said,
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ื–ื”ื• ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืืŸ, ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืจื™ืก ืืžืจ,
00:28
it's been over 20 years since I started working in Africa.
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ืขื‘ืจื• ืžืขืœ ืœืขืฉืจื™ื ืฉื ื™ื ืžืื– ืฉื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”.
00:31
My first introduction was at the Abidjan airport on a sweaty, Ivory Coast morning.
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ื”ื”ื™ื›ืจื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืฉื“ื” ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ื‘ืื‘ื™ื“ื’'ืืŸ, ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืžื™ื•ื–ืข ื‘ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื ื”ื‘.
00:37
I had just left Wall Street, cut my hair to look like Margaret Mead,
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ืื ื™ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืขื–ื‘ืชื™ ืืช ื•ื•ืœ ืกื˜ืจื™ื˜, ื”ืกืชืคืจืชื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืžืจื’ืจื˜ ืžื™ื“,
00:41
given away most everything that I owned,
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ืชืจืžืชื™ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืืช ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื‘ืขืœื•ืชื™,
00:43
and arrived with all the essentials --
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ื•ื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ื—ืคืฆื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื --
00:45
some poetry, a few clothes, and, of course, a guitar --
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ืžืขื˜ ืฉื™ืจื”, ื›ืžื” ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื’ื™ื˜ืจื” --
00:47
because I was going to save the world,
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ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื™ ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ื ืชื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื,
00:49
and I thought I would just start with the African continent.
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ื•ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื ื™ื‘ืฉืช ืืคืจื™ืงื”.
00:55
But literally within days of arriving I was told, in no uncertain terms,
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืžืฉ, ื‘ืชื•ืš ื›ืžื” ื™ืžื™ื ืžื”ื’ืขืชื™, ื ืืžืจ ืœื™, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœื ืžืฉืชืžืข ืœืฉื ื™ ืคื ื™ื,
00:59
by a number of West African women, that Africans didn't want saving,
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืกืคืจ ื ืฉื™ื ืžืขืจื‘ ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ื•ืช, ืฉื”ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ื ืœื ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ืฆืœื”,
01:04
thank you very much, least of all not by me.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”, ื•ืœื‘ื˜ื— ืฉืœื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™.
01:06
I was too young, unmarried, I had no children,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆืขื™ืจื” ืžื“ื™, ืœื ื ืฉื•ืื”, ืœืœื ื™ืœื“ื™ื,
01:09
didn't really know Africa, and besides, my French was pitiful.
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ืœื ืžืžืฉ ื”ื›ืจืชื™ ืืช ืืคืจื™ืงื”, ื•ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื›ืš, ื”ืฆืจืคืชื™ืช ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื” ื ื•ืจืื™ืช.
01:13
And so, it was an incredibly painful time in my life,
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ื•ื›ืš, ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืชืงื•ืคื” ื›ืื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื—ื™ื™.
01:16
and yet it really started to give me the humility to start listening.
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ืขื ื–ืืช, ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื ืชืŸ ืœื™ ืืช ื”ืขื ื•ื•ื” ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื•ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘.
01:21
I think that failure can be an incredibly motivating force as well,
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื’ื ื›ืฉืœื•ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืจ ืœืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ืฆื™ื”,
01:25
so I moved to Kenya and worked in Uganda,
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ืื– ืขื‘ืจืชื™ ืœืงื ื™ื” ื•ืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ื‘ืื•ื’ื ื“ื”,
01:28
and I met a group of Rwandan women, who asked me, in 1986,
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ื•ื”ื›ืจืชื™ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืžืจื•ืื ื“ื”, ืฉื‘ืฉื ืช 1986 ื‘ื™ืงืฉื• ืžืžื ื™ ,
01:31
to move to Kigali to help them start the first microfinance institution there.
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ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืงื™ื’ืœื™ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ืŸ ืœื”ืงื™ื ืฉื ืืช ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ื”ืžื™ืงืจื•-ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ.
01:35
And I did, and we ended up naming it Duterimbere,
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ืื– ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืืช ื–ื”, ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืงืจืื ื• ืœืขืกืง 'ื“ื•ื˜ืจื™ืžื‘ืจื”',
01:39
meaning "to go forward with enthusiasm." And while we were doing it,
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ืฉืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื• "ืœืœื›ืช ืงื“ื™ืžื” ืขื ื”ืชืœื”ื‘ื•ืช". ื•ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ื–ื”,
01:42
I realized that there weren't a lot of businesses that were viable
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ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขืกืงื™ื ืคืขื™ืœื™ื
01:45
and started by women, and so maybe I should try to run a business, too.
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ืฉื™ื•ืกื“ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื ืฉื™ื, ื•ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื›ื“ืื™ ืฉื’ื ืื ื™ ืื ืกื” ืœื ื”ืœ ืขืกืง.
01:49
And so I started looking around, and I heard about a bakery
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ืื– ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื—ืคืฉ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื•ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืขืœ ืžืืคื™ื”
01:51
that was run by 20 prostitutes.
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ืฉื ื•ื”ืœื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ 20 ื–ื•ื ื•ืช.
01:53
And, being a little intrigued, I went to go meet this group,
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ืžืชื•ืš ืกืงืจื ื•ืช, ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœืคื’ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื”ื–ื•.
01:57
and what I found was 20 unwed mothers who were trying to survive.
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ืžื” ืฉืžืฆืืชื™ ื”ื™ื• 20 ืืžื”ื•ืช ืœื ื ืฉื•ืื•ืช ืฉืคืฉื•ื˜ ื ื™ืกื• ืœืฉืจื•ื“.
02:02
And it was really the beginning of my understanding the power of language,
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ื•ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืืžืช ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœื™ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื›ื•ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืคื”,
02:07
and how what we call people so often distances us from them,
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ื•ืื™ืš ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื, ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืจื—ื™ืง ืื•ืชื ื• ืžื”ื,
02:10
and makes them little.
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ื•ืžืงื˜ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื.
02:12
I also found out that the bakery was nothing like a business,
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ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื’ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ืฉื”ืžืืคื™ื” ื›ืœืœ ืœื ื ื•ื”ืœื” ื›ืขืกืง,
02:16
that, in fact, it was a classic charity run by a well-intentioned person,
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืฆื“ืงื” ืฉื ื•ื”ืœื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื“ื ืขื ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”,
02:20
who essentially spent 600 dollars a month
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ืฉื‘ืขื™ืงืจื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ืžื•ืฆื™ื 600 ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ
02:24
to keep these 20 women busy making little crafts and baked goods,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืขืกื™ืง 20 ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ื›ื ืช ื—ืคืฆื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื•ื‘ืืคื™ื™ื”,
02:29
and living on 50 cents a day, still in poverty.
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ืฉื”ืฉืชื›ืจื• ืž50 ืกื ื˜ ืœื™ื•ื, ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื• ื‘ืขื•ื ื™.
02:32
So, I made a deal with the women. I said, "Look, we get rid of the charity side,
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ืื– ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืขืกืงื” ืขื ื”ื ืฉื™ื. ืืžืจืชื™, "ืชืจืื•, ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื™ืคื˜ืจ ืžื”ืคืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื“ืงื”,
02:35
and we run this as a business and I'll help you."
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ื•ื ื ื”ืœ ืืช ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ืขืกืง, ื•ืื ื™ ืืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื›ืŸ".
02:38
They nervously agreed. I nervously started, and, of course,
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ื”ืŸ ื”ืกื›ื™ืžื• ื‘ื—ืฉืฉ, ื•ืื ื™ ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ื‘ื—ืฉืฉ, ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ,
02:42
things are always harder than you think they're going to be.
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ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืฉื™ื ืžืžื” ืฉื ืจืื” ืœืš ืฉื”ื ื™ื”ื™ื•.
02:44
First of all, I thought, well, we need a sales team,
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ืงื•ื“ื ื›ืœ, ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™, ื˜ื•ื‘, ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืฆื•ื•ืช ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช,
02:46
and we clearly aren't the A-Team here,
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ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ, ืœื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื›ืืŸ ืฆื•ื•ืช ืžื ืฆื—,
02:48
so let's -- I did all this training.
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ืื– ืงื“ื™ืžื” - ืื ื™ ื”ืขื‘ืจืชื™ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื›ืฉืจื”,
02:51
And the epitome was when I literally marched into the streets
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ื›ืฉื”ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื” ืฉืฆืขื“ืชื™ ื‘ืขืฆืžื™ ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช
02:55
of Nyamirambo, which is the popular quarter of Kigali, with a bucket,
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ื ื™ื™ืžื™ืจืžื‘ื•, ืฉื”ื•ื ืจื•ื‘ืข ืคื•ืคืœืืจื™ ื‘ืงื™ื’ืœื™, ืขื ื“ืœื™,
02:58
and I sold all these little doughnuts to people,
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ื•ืžื›ืจืชื™ ืกื•ืคื’ื ื™ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ืœืื ืฉื™ื,
03:01
and I came back, and I was like, "You see?"
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ื•ื›ืฉื”ื’ืขืชื™ ื—ื–ืจื”, ืืžืจืชื™: "ืืชืŸ ืจื•ืื•ืช?"
03:03
And the women said, "You know, Jacqueline, who in Nyamirambo is not going to buy
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ื•ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืืžืจื•: "ืืช ื™ื•ื“ืขืช, ื’'ืงืœื™ืŸ, ืžื™ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืžื™ืจืžื‘ื• ืœื ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืงื ื•ืช
03:07
doughnuts out of an orange bucket from a tall American woman?" And like --
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ืกื•ืคื’ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื“ืœื™ ื›ืชื•ื ืžืื™ืฉื” ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”?" ื•ื›ืื™ืœื• --
03:11
(Laughter) -- it's a good point.
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง) ื–ื• ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”.
03:13
So then I went the whole American way,
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ืื– ืคืขืœืชื™ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช,
03:15
with competitions, team and individual. Completely failed,
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ืขื ืชื—ืจื•ื™ื•ืช, ืฉืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ื•ืฉืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช. ื–ื” ื ื›ืฉืœ ืœื’ืžืจื™,
03:18
but over time, the women learnt to sell on their own way.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืœืžื“ื• ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœื”ืŸ.
03:22
And they started listening to the marketplace,
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ื•ื”ืŸ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ ืœืฉื•ืง,
03:24
and they came back with ideas for cassava chips, and banana chips,
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ื•ื”ืŸ ื—ื–ืจื• ืขื ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืœืฆ'ื™ืคืก ืžืงืกื‘ื” ื•ืžื‘ื ื ื•ืช
03:27
and sorghum bread, and before you knew it,
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ื•ืœื—ื ืžืกื•ืจื’ื•ื, ื•ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืฉืžืชื™ ืœื‘,
03:29
we had cornered the Kigali market,
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ื”ืฉืชืœื˜ื ื• ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ืง ื‘ืงื™ื’ืœื™,
03:31
and the women were earning three to four times the national average.
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ื•ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืžืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื•ืช ืคื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืขื“ ืืจื‘ืขื” ืžื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื”ืœืื•ืžื™.
03:34
And with that confidence surge, I thought, "Well, it's time to create a real bakery,
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ื•ืขื ื–ืจื™ืงืช ื”ืžืจืฅ ื”ื–ื•, ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™, ื˜ื•ื‘, ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื”ืงื™ื ืžืืคื™ื” ืืžื™ืชื™ืช.
03:38
so let's paint it." And the women said, "That's a really great idea."
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ืื– ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืฆื‘ืข ืื•ืชื”. ื•ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืืžืจื•: "ื–ื” ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื“ืจ".
03:42
And I said, "Well, what color do you want to paint it?" And they said,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืืžืจืชื™: "ื˜ื•ื‘, ืื– ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืฆื‘ืข ืืชืŸ ืจื•ืฆื•ืช ืœืฆื‘ื•ืข?" ื•ื”ืŸ ืขื ื•,
03:44
"Well, you choose." And I said, "No, no, I'm learning to listen.
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"ืชื‘ื—ืจื™ ืืช". ื•ืื ื™ ืืžืจืชื™: "ืœื, ืœื, ืื ื™ ืœื•ืžื“ืช ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘,
03:47
You choose. It's your bakery, your street, your country -- not mine."
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ืชื‘ื—ืจื• ืืชืŸ. ื–ื• ื”ืžืืคื™ื” ืฉืœื›ืŸ, ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœื›ืŸ, ืœื ืฉืœื™".
03:50
But they wouldn't give me an answer.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืŸ ืœื ื ืชื ื• ืœื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”.
03:52
So, one week, two weeks, three weeks went by,
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ื•ืื– ืขื‘ืจื• ืฉื‘ื•ืข, ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื, ืฉืœื•ืฉ
03:54
and finally I said, "Well, how about blue?"
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ื•ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืืžืจืชื™: "ื˜ื•ื‘, ืžื” ื“ืขืชื›ืŸ ืขืœ ื›ื—ื•ืœ?"
03:57
And they said, "Blue, blue, we love blue. Let's do it blue."
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ื•ื”ืŸ ืขื ื•: "ื›ื—ื•ืœ, ื›ื—ื•ืœ, ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ื”ื‘ื•ืช ื›ื—ื•ืœ. ื‘ื•ื ื ืขืฉื” ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ื›ื—ื•ืœ".
03:59
So, I went to the store, I brought Gaudence, the recalcitrant one of all,
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ืื– ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœื—ื ื•ืช, ื•ื”ื‘ืืชื™ ืื™ืชื™ ืืช ื’ื•ื“ื ืก, ื”ืื™ืฉื” ื”ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ืช ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ,
04:03
and we brought all this paint and fabric to make curtains,
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ื•ืงื ื™ื ื• ืฆื‘ืข ื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื•ื•ื™ืœื•ื ื•ืช,
04:07
and on painting day, we all gathered in Nyamirambo,
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ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืขื” ื ืคื’ืฉื ื• ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื‘ื ื™ื™ืžื™ืจืžื‘ื•,
04:10
and the idea was we would paint it white with blue as trim,
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ื•ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืฉื ืฆื‘ืข ื‘ืœื‘ืŸ ื•ื‘ื›ื—ื•ืœ ื‘ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื,
04:13
like a little French bakery. But that was clearly not as satisfying
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ื›ืžื• ืžืืคื™ื™ื” ืฆืจืคืชื™ืช ืงื˜ื ื”. ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืกืคืง
04:16
as painting a wall of blue like a morning sky.
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ื›ืžื• ืœืฆื‘ื•ืข ืงื™ืจ ืฉืœื ื‘ื—ื•ืœ ื›ืžื• ื”ืฉืžื™ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ.
04:19
So, blue, blue, everything became blue.
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ืื–, ื›ื—ื•ืœ, ื›ื—ื•ืœ, ื”ื›ื•ืœ ื”ืคืš ืœื›ื—ื•ืœ;
04:22
The walls were blue, the windows were blue,
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ื”ืงื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ื›ื—ื•ืœื™ื, ื”ื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ื›ื—ื•ืœื™ื,
04:23
the sidewalk out front was painted blue.
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ื”ืžื“ืจื›ื” ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืžืืคื™ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื›ื—ื•ืœื”.
04:26
And Aretha Franklin was shouting "R-E-S-P-E-C-T,"
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ื•ืืจื™ืช'ื” ืคืจื ืงืœื™ืŸ ืฆืขืงื”: "R.E.S.P.E.C.T"
04:30
the women's hips were swaying
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ื”ื™ืจื›ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ืŸ ื”ืชื ืขื ืขื•
04:32
and little kids were trying to grab the paintbrushes, but it was their day.
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ื•ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื ื™ืกื• ืœืชืคื•ืก ื‘ืžื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืฆื‘ืข, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉืœื”ืŸ.
04:35
And at the end of it, we stood across the street
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ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื•ื, ืขืžื“ื ื• ื‘ืงืฆื” ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘
04:38
and we looked at what we had done, and I said, "It is so beautiful."
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ื•ื”ืกืชื›ืœื ื• ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื•, ื•ืื ื™ ืืžืจืชื™, "ื–ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื™ืคื™ืคื”",
04:41
And the women said, "It really is."
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ื•ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืืžืจื•: "ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ื™ืคื”".
04:43
And I said, "And I think the color is perfect,"
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ื•ืื ื™ ืืžืจืชื™, "ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื”ืฆื‘ืข ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžื•ืฉืœื",
04:46
and they all nodded their head, except for Gaudence,
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ื•ื›ืœืŸ ื”ื ื”ื ื•, ืžืœื‘ื“ ื’ื•ื“ื ืก.
04:48
and I said, "What?"
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ื•ืื ื™ ืืžืจืชื™, "ืžื”?"
04:50
And she said, "Nothing." And I said, "What?"
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืขื ืชื”: "ื›ืœื•ื", ื•ืื ื™ ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืืœืชื™ "ืžื”?"
04:52
And she said, "Well, it is pretty, but, you know, our color, really, it is green." And --
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื”: "ื˜ื•ื‘, ื–ื” ื™ืคื”, ืื‘ืœ ืืช ื™ื•ื“ืขืช, ื”ืฆื‘ืข ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื•ื, ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืืžืช, ื™ืจื•ืง." ื•-
04:58
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง).
05:01
-- I learned then that listening isn't just about patience,
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ื•ื’ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ืฉื”ืงืฉื‘ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื” ืื™ื ื” ืจืง ืกื•ื‘ืœื ื•ืช,
05:06
but that when you've lived on charity and dependent your whole life long,
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ืืœื ื›ืฉื—ื™ื™ืช ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ืš ืขืœ ืฆื“ืงื” ื•ื”ื™ื™ืช ื ื–ืงืง ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ืš,
05:11
it's really hard to say what you mean.
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ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ืงืฉื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืžื” ืืชื” ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ.
05:13
And, mostly because people never really ask you,
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ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ, ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ืฉืืœื• ืื•ืชืš.
05:17
and when they do, you don't really think they want to know the truth.
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ื•ื›ืฉื”ื ื›ืŸ ืฉื•ืืœื™ื, ืืชื” ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ืืช ื”ืืžืช.
05:20
And so then I learned that listening is not only about waiting,
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ื›ืš ืฉืื– ืœืžื“ืชื™ ืฉื”ืงืฉื‘ื” ืื™ื ื” ืจืง ื”ืžืชื ื”,
05:23
but it's also learning how better to ask questions.
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ืืœื ื’ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืฉืืœื•ืช.
05:27
And so, I lived in Kigali for about two and a half years, doing these two things,
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ื›ืš, ื’ืจืชื™ ื‘ืงื™ื’ืœื™ ื›ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ืฉื ื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื•,
05:31
and it was an extraordinary time in my life.
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ื•ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืชืงื•ืคื” ื™ื•ืฆืืช ื“ื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื—ื™ื™.
05:33
And it taught me three lessons
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื™ืžื“ ืื•ืชื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืœืงื—ื™ื
05:35
that I think are so important for us today,
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ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื”ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื ื• ื›ื™ื•ื,
05:38
and certainly in the work that I do.
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ื•ืœืœื ืกืคืง ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืื•ืชื” ืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื”.
05:40
The first is that dignity is more important to the human spirit than wealth.
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ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืจื•ื— ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ืžืขื•ืฉืจ.
05:44
As Eleni has said, when people gain income, they gain choice,
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ื›ืžื• ืฉืืœื ื™ ืืžืจ, ื›ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืžืฉื™ื’ื™ื ื”ื›ื ืกื”, ื”ื ืžืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื™ื ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ืจื”,
05:48
and that is fundamental to dignity.
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ื•ื–ื”ื• ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“.
05:50
But as human beings, we also want to see each other,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืื ื—ื ื• ื’ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืื—ื“ ืืช ื”ืฉื ื™,
05:53
and we want to be heard by each other, and we should never forget that.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื™ืฉืžืข ืื—ื“ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฉื ื™, ื•ืืœ ืœื ื• ืœืฉื›ื•ื— ื–ืืช.
05:57
The second is that traditional charity and aid
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ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉืฆื“ืงื” ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ืช ื•ืกื™ื•ืข ื”ื•ืžื ื™ื˜ืจื™
06:00
are never going to solve the problems of poverty.
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ืœื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ื”ืขื•ื ื™ ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
06:02
I think Andrew pretty well covered that, so I will move to the third point,
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืื ื“ืจื• ื›ื™ืกื” ืืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘, ืื– ืื ื™ ืืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช,
06:05
which is that markets alone also
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ืฉื”ื™ื ืฉื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ืง ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืขืฆืžื
06:07
are not going to solve the problems of poverty.
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ื’ื ืœื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ื”ืขื•ื ื™.
06:10
Yes, we ran this as a business,
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ื›ืŸ, ื”ืจืฆื ื• ืืช ื–ื” ื›ืขืกืง,
06:12
but someone needed to pay the philanthropic support
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืœื ืืช ืชืžื™ื›ืช ื”ืฆื“ืงื”
06:17
that came into the training, and the management support, the strategic advice
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ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื ื• ืœื”ื›ืฉืจื” ื•ืœืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ื”ื ื”ืœื”, ื”ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™
06:20
and, maybe most important of all,
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ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื›ื•ืœื,
06:23
the access to new contacts, networks and new markets.
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ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืงืฉืจื™ื ื•ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื.
06:27
And so, on a micro level, there's a real role for this combination
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ื•ื›ืš, ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ืžื™ืงืจื•, ื™ืฉ ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืœืฉื™ืœื•ื‘
06:31
of investment and philanthropy.
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ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื•ืคื™ืœื ืชืจื•ืคื™ื”.
06:34
And on a macro level -- some of the speakers have inferred that
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ื•ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ืžืืงืจื•, ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื“ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืจืžื–ื•
06:38
even health should be privatized.
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ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืคืจื˜ื™ื.
06:40
But, having had a father with heart disease,
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ืื‘ืœ, ื›ื‘ืช ืœืื‘ื ืขื ืžื—ืœืช ืœื‘,
06:42
and realizing that what our family could afford
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ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ื” ืฉืžื” ืฉื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœื ื• ื™ื›ืœื” ืœื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืขืฆืžื”
06:46
was not what he should have gotten,
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ื”ื•ื ืœื ืžื” ืฉืจืื•ื™ ืฉื™ืงื‘ืœ,
06:49
and having a good friend step in to help,
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ื•ื›ืฉื—ื‘ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ืชืขืจื‘ ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ,
06:52
I really believe that all people deserve access to health
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ืื ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉืœื›ืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื’ื™ืขื” ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช
06:55
at prices they can afford.
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ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ื ื’ื™ืฉื™ื.
06:57
I think the market can help us figure that out,
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื”ืฉื•ืง ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื–ื”,
06:59
but there's got to be a charitable component,
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ืื‘ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ืฉืœ ืฆื“ืงื”
07:01
or I don't think we're going to create the kind of societies we want to live in.
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ืื—ืจืช ืื ื™ ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉื ืจืฆื” ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ.
07:05
And so, it was really those lessons that made me decide to
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ื›ืš, ื”ืœืงื—ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื”ื ืืœื” ืฉื’ืจืžื• ืœื™ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜
07:08
build Acumen Fund about six years ago.
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ืœื”ืงื™ื ืืช ืงืจืŸ ืืงื•ืžืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืฉ ืฉื ื™ื.
07:11
It's a nonprofit, venture capital fund for the poor,
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ื–ื• ืงืจืŸ ื”ื•ืŸ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ืœืžื˜ืจืช ืจื•ื•ื— ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขื ื™ื™ื,
07:14
a few oxymorons in one sentence.
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ืžืกืคืจ ืื•ืงืกื™ืžื•ืจื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ ืื—ื“.
07:16
It essentially raises charitable funds from individuals, foundations and corporations,
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ื”ืงืจืŸ ืžื’ื™ื™ืกืช ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ืžืื ืฉื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื, ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื•ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช
07:21
and then we turn around and we invest equity and loans
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ื•ืื– ืื ื• ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื‘ื”ื•ืŸ ืขืฆืžื™ ื•ื‘ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช
07:23
in both for-profit and nonprofit entities
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ืฉืœ ื™ื™ืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืœื ืžื˜ืจืช ืจื•ื•ื— ื•ื’ื ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ืŸ ืœืžื˜ืจืช ืจื•ื•ื—
07:25
that deliver affordable health, housing, energy, clean water
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ืฉืžืกืคืงื•ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ืงื•ืจืช ื’ื’, ืื ืจื’ื™ื”, ืžื™ื ื ืงื™ื™ื
07:29
to low income people in South Asia and Africa,
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ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืืกื™ื” ื•ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”
07:32
so that they can make their own choices.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ืืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื.
07:34
We've invested about 20 million dollars in 20 different enterprises,
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ื”ืฉืงืขื ื• ื›ืขืฉืจื™ื ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ืขืฉืจื™ื ืžื™ื–ืžื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื,
07:38
and have, in so doing, created nearly 20,000 jobs,
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ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš, ื™ืฆืจื ื• ื›ืžืขื˜ 20 ืืœืฃ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”,
07:43
and delivered tens of millions of services to people
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ื•ืกื™ืคืงื ื• ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื
07:45
who otherwise would not be able to afford them.
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ืฉืื—ืจืช ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืœื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืื•ืชื ืœืขืฆืžื.
07:49
I want to tell you two stories. Both of them are in Africa.
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืฉื ื™ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื. ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื• ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”.
07:52
Both of them are about investing in entrepreneurs
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ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœื”ืฉืงืขื” ื‘ื™ื–ืžื™ื
07:54
who are committed to service, and who really know the markets.
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ืฉืžืกื•ืจื™ื ืœืชืจื•ืžื” ื•ื‘ืืžืช ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืง.
07:58
Both of them live at the confluence of public health and enterprise,
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ืฉื ื™ื”ื ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื–ื•ื’ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื ื•ื™ื–ืžื•ืช,
08:02
and both of them, because they're manufacturers,
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ื•ืฉื ื™ื”ื, ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื ื™ืฆืจื ื™ื™ื,
08:04
create jobs directly, and create incomes indirectly,
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ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ืฉื™ืจ ื•ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืงื™ืฃ,
08:07
because they're in the malaria sector,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื ื’ื•ืขื™ ืžืœืจื™ื”,
08:09
and Africa loses about 13 billion dollars a year because of malaria.
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ื•ืืคืจื™ืงื” ืžืคืกื™ื“ื” ื›13 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ืฉื ื” ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืžืœืจื™ื”.
08:14
And so as people get healthier, they also get wealthier.
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ื›ืš ืฉื›ื›ืœ ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื ื”ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ื ื’ื ื ื”ื™ื™ื ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
08:18
The first one is called Advanced Bio-Extracts Limited.
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ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื ืงืจืื™ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื‘ื™ื•-ืชืžืฆื™ื•ืช ื‘ืข"ืž.
08:21
It's a company built in Kenya about seven years ago
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ื–ื• ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉื”ื•ืงืžื” ื‘ืงื ื™ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืฉื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื
08:23
by an incredible entrepreneur named Patrick Henfrey and his three colleagues.
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื™ื–ื ื‘ืฉื ืคื˜ืจื™ืง ื”ื ืคืจื™ ื•ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื.
08:27
These are old-hand farmers
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ืืœื• ื—ืงืœืื™ื ื•ืชื™ืงื™ื
08:29
who've gone through all the agricultural ups and downs
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ืฉืขื‘ืจื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื•ืจื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื•ืช
08:31
in Kenya over the last 30 years.
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ื‘ืงื ื™ื” ืœืื•ืจืš 30 ืฉื ื™ื.
08:33
Now, this plant is an Artemisia plant;
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ืื–, ื”ืฆืžื— ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืฆืžื— ื”ืืจืชืžื™ืกื™ื”,
08:36
it's the basic component for artemisinin,
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ื–ื”ื• ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ื‘ืืจื˜ืžื™ืกื™ื ื™ืŸ,
08:38
which is the best-known treatment for malaria.
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ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ื™ื“ื•ืข ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืžืœืจื™ื”.
08:40
It's indigenous to China and the Far East,
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ื”ืฆืžื— ื ืคื•ืฅ ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ืžื–ืจื— ื”ืจื—ื•ืง,
08:44
but given that the prevalence of malaria is here in Africa,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื›ื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืœืจื™ื” ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”,
08:46
Patrick and his colleagues said, "Let's bring it here,
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ืคื˜ืจื™ืง ื•ื”ืงื•ืœื’ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ืืžืจื•: "ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฆืžื— ืœื›ืืŸ,
08:50
because it's a high value-add product."
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ืžื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืขืœ ืขืจืš ืžื•ืกืฃ ื’ื‘ื•ื”."
08:52
The farmers get three to four times the yields that they would with maize.
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ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืคื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืขื“ ืืจื‘ืขื” ื™ื‘ื•ืœ ืžืืฉืจ ืขื ืชื™ืจืก.
08:58
And so, using patient capital -- money that they could raise early on,
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ื›ืš, ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื”ื•ืŸ ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ืืจื•ืš, ื›ืกืฃ ืื•ืชื• ื™ื›ืœื• ืœื’ื™ื™ืก ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืžื•ืงื“ื,
09:02
that actually got below market returns
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ืฉื”ื ื™ื‘ ืชืฉื•ืื” ืžืชื—ืช ืœืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ืฉื•ืง,
09:04
and was willing to go the long haul and be combined
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ื•ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ืžื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืœืœื›ืช ืœืžืกืข ืืจื•ืš ืฉื™ืฉื•ืœื‘
09:08
with management assistance, strategic assistance --
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ืขื ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื ื™ื”ื•ืœื™ืช ื•ืขื–ืจื” ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ืช,
09:11
they've now created a company where they purchase from 7,500 farmers.
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ื”ื ื™ืฆืจื• ื—ื‘ืจื” ื›ืฉื”ื ืงื•ื ื™ื ืกื—ื•ืจื•ืช ืž7,500 ื—ืœืงืื™ื.
09:15
So that's about 50,000 people affected.
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ืื– ืืœื” ื‘ืขืจืš 50,000 ืื™ืฉ ืฉื”ื•ืฉืคืขื•.
09:17
And I think some of you may have visited --
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื—ืœืงื›ื ื ืคื’ืฉืชื ืื™ืชื --
09:19
these farmers are helped by KickStart and TechnoServe,
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ื”ื—ืœืงืื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื ืขื–ืจื™ื ื‘KickStart ื•-TechnoServe,
09:22
who help them become more self-sufficient.
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ืฉืขื–ืจื• ืœื”ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืขืฆืžืื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
09:24
They buy it, they dry it and they bring it to this factory,
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ื”ื ืงื•ื ื™ื ืืช ื–ื”, ืžื™ื™ื‘ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ื•ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ืœืžืคืขืœ
09:27
which was purchased in part by, again, patient capital from Novartis,
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ืฉื ืจื›ืฉ ื‘ื—ืœืงื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™, ืฉื•ื‘, ื”ื•ืŸ ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ืืจื•ืš ืžNovartis,
09:31
who has a real interest in getting the powder
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ืœื”ื ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืก ืืžื™ืชื™ ื‘ื”ืฉื’ืช ื”ืื‘ืงื”
09:34
so that they can make Coartem.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืงื•ืืจื˜ื.
09:37
Acumen's been working with ABE for the past year, year and a half,
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Acumen ืขื‘ื“ื• ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ABE ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉื ื”, ืฉื ื” ื•ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช,
09:42
both on looking at a new business plan,
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ื’ื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืขืกืงื™ืช ื—ื“ืฉื”
09:44
and what does expansion look like, helping with management support
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ื•ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืื™ืš ืชืจืื” ื”ืชืจื—ื‘ื•ืช, ื‘ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ื”ื ื”ืœื”
09:47
and helping to do term sheets and raise capital.
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ื•ื‘ืขื–ืจื” ื‘ื”ื›ื ืช ืžืกืžืš ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื’ื™ื•ืก ื”ื•ืŸ.
09:51
And I really understood what patient capital meant emotionally
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ื•ืื ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืžื”ื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืŸ ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ืืจื•ืš ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืจื’ืฉื™ืช
09:54
in the last month or so. Because the company was literally
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ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืจืš. ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™
09:58
10 days away from proving that the product they produced
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ืžืจื—ืง ืฉืœ ืขืฉืจื” ื™ืžื™ื ืžืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืฉื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ืฉื”ื ื™ื™ืฆืจื•
10:02
was at the world-quality level needed to make Coartem,
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ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉืช ืœื”ื›ื ืช ืงื•ืืจื˜ื,
10:06
when they were in the biggest cash crisis of their history.
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ื›ืฉื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืžื–ื•ืžืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœื”ื.
10:09
And we called all of the social investors we know.
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ื•ื”ืชืงืฉืจื ื• ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื.
10:12
Now, some of these same social investors are really interested in Africa
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ื—ืœืง ืžืื•ืชื ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ืžืชืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”
10:16
and understand the importance of agriculture,
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ื•ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ืงืœืื•ืช,
10:18
and they even helped the farmers.
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ื•ื”ื ืขื–ืจื• ืœื—ืงืœืื™ื.
10:21
And even when we explained that if ABE goes away,
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ืฉื”ืกื‘ืจื ื• ืฉืื ABE ืชืขืœื
10:24
all those 7,500 jobs go away too,
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ื›ืœ ืื•ืชืŸ 7,500 ืžืฉืจื•ืช ื™ืขืœืžื• ื’ื ื›ืŸ,
10:28
we sometimes have this bifurcation between business and the social.
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžืขื™ืŸ ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืกืงื™ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™.
10:33
And it's really time we start thinking more creatively about how they can be fused.
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ื•ื‘ืืžืช ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ ืขืœ ืื™ืš ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืื—ื“ ืื•ืชื.
10:37
So Acumen made not one, but two bridge loans,
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ืื– ืืงื•ืžืŸ ื ืชื ื” ืœื ืื—ืช, ืืœื ืฉืชื™ ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ื’ื™ืฉื•ืจ,
10:40
and the good news is they did indeed meet world-quality classification and are now
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ื•ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืฉื”ืจืžื” ืื›ืŸ ืขืžื“ื” ื‘ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ื•ืช ืœืื™ื›ื•ืช ื•ื”ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื•
10:46
in the final stages of closing a 20-million-dollar round, to move it to the next level,
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ื‘ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืกื’ื™ืจืช ืกื‘ื‘ ื’ื™ื•ืกื™ื ืฉืœ 20 ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืฉืœื‘ ื”ื‘ื,
10:50
and I think that this will be one of the more important companies in East Africa.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื–ื• ืชื”ื™ื” ืื—ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”.
10:56
This is Samuel. He's a farmer.
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ื–ื”ื• ืกืžื•ืืœ. ื”ื•ื ื—ืงืœืื™.
10:58
He was actually living in the Kibera slums
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ื”ื•ื ื’ืจ ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ืงื™ื‘ืจื”
11:00
when his father called him and told him about Artemisia and the value-add potential.
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ื›ืฉืื‘ื™ื• ืกื™ืคืจ ืœื• ืขืœ ืืจื˜ืžื™ืกื™ื” ื•ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื”ืขืจืš ื”ืžื•ืกืฃ.
11:05
So he moved back to the farm, and, long story short,
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ืื– ื”ื•ื ื—ื–ืจ ืœื—ื•ื•ื”, ื•ื‘ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ,
11:08
they now have seven acres under cultivation.
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ื”ื ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ื›ืขืช ืฉื‘ืขืช ืื™ื™ืงืจื™ื.
11:11
Samuel's kids are in private school,
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ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ืกืžื•ืืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ืคืจื˜ื™,
11:13
and he's starting to help other farmers in the area also go into Artemisia production --
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื—ืงืœืื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืืจื˜ืžื™ืกื™ื” --
11:19
dignity being more important than wealth.
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืขื•ืฉืจ.
11:22
The next one, many of you know.
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ืืช ื”ื‘ื, ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื›ื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื.
11:25
I talked about it a little at Oxford two years ago,
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ื“ื™ื‘ืจืชื™ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืื•ืงืกืคื•ืจื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื,
11:28
and some of you visited A to Z manufacturing,
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ื•ื—ืœืงื›ื ื‘ื™ืงืจื• ื‘"A to Z manufacturing",
11:30
which is one of the great, real companies in East Africa.
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ืฉื”ื™ื ืื—ืจืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ืืžืช ืžืฆื•ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืžื–ืจื— ืืคืจื™ืงื”.
11:34
It's another one that lives at the confluence of health and enterprise.
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ื–ื• ืขื•ื“ ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉื—ื™ื” ื‘ืžื™ื–ื•ื’ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ื™ื–ืžื•ืช.
11:39
And this is really a story about a public-private solution
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ื•ื–ื”ื• ื‘ืืžืช ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืขืœ ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™/ืคืจื˜ื™
11:43
that has really worked.
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ืฉื‘ืืžืช ืขื‘ื“.
11:45
It started in Japan. Sumitomo had developed a technology
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ื–ื” ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืคืŸ. ืกื•ืžื™ื˜ื•ืžื• ืคื™ืชื—ื• ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”
11:49
essentially to impregnate a polyethylene-based fiber with organic insecticide,
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ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœื”ืกืคื™ื’ ืกื™ื‘ื™ื ืžืคื•ืœื™ืืชื™ืœืŸ ืขื ืงื•ื˜ืœ ื—ืจืงื™ื ืื•ืจื’ื ื™
11:53
so you could create a bed net,
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ื›ืš ืฉืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืจืฉืช ืœืžื™ื˜ื” (ื›ื™ืœื”),
11:55
a malaria bed net, that would last five years and not need to be re-dipped.
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ืจืฉืช ืœืžื™ื˜ื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ืžืœืจื™ื” ืฉืชื—ื–ื™ืง ืžืขืžื“ ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืžื‘ืœื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืกืคื™ื’ ืื•ืชื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ.
11:58
It could alter the vector, but like Artemisia,
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ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืžื• ืืจื˜ืžื™ืกื™ื”,
12:01
it had been produced only in East Asia. And as part of its social responsibility,
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ื–ื” ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืจืง ื‘ืžื–ืจื— ืืกื™ื”, ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ืฉืœื”
12:05
Sumitomo said, "Why don't we experiment
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ืกื•ืžื™ื˜ื•ืžื• ืืžืจื”, " ืœืžื” ืฉืœื ื ื ืกื”
12:07
with whether we can produce it in Africa, for Africans?"
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ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”, ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ื?"
12:10
UNICEF came forward and said, "We'll buy most of the nets,
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UNICEF ืขืฉื• ืืช ื”ืฆืขื“ ื•ืืžืจื•: "ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืงื ื” ืžื›ื ืืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืจืฉืชื•ืช
12:13
and then we'll give them away, as part of the global fund's
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ื•ืื– ื ืชืŸ ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืงืจืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช
12:16
and the U.N.'s commitment to pregnant women and children, for free."
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ื•ื”ืื•"ื ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืœืžืžืŸ ืืช ื”ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื ื ืœื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื".
12:22
Acumen came in with the patient capital,
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ืืงื•ืžืŸ ื ื›ื ืกื” ืขื ื”ื•ืŸ ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ืืจื•ืš,
12:25
and we also helped to identify the entrepreneur
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ื•ื’ื ืขื–ืจื ื• ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื™ื–ื
12:27
that we would all partner with here in Africa,
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ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื™ื—ื‘ืจื• ืื™ืชื• ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”.
12:30
and Exxon provided the initial resin.
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ื•-Exxon ืกื™ืคืงื• ืืช ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™.
12:33
Well, in looking around for entrepreneurs,
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืื—ืจ ื™ื–ืžื™ื,
12:35
there was none better that we could find on earth than Anuj Shah,
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ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืื—ื“ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ืžืืฉืจ ืื ื•ื–' ืฉื”,
12:38
in A to Z manufacturing company.
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ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ 'A to Z'.
12:40
It's a 40-year-old company, it understands manufacturing.
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ื–ื• ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ืช 40 ืฉื ื™ื, ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ื” ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ.
12:43
It's gone from socialist Tanzania into capitalist Tanzania,
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ื”ื™ื ืขื‘ืจื” ืžื˜ื ื–ื ื™ื” ื”ืกื•ืฆื™ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ืœื˜ื ื–ื ื™ื” ื”ืงืคื™ื˜ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืช,
12:46
and continued to flourish. It had about 1,000 employees when we first found it.
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ื•ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœืฉื’ืฉื’. ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื›1,000 ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื›ืฉืžืฆืื ื• ืื•ืชื”.
12:51
And so, Anuj took the entrepreneurial risk here in Africa
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ื•ื›ืš, ืื ื•ื–' ืœืงื— ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื–ืžื™ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”
12:54
to produce a public good that was purchased by the aid establishment
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืžื•ืฆืจ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ืฉื ืจื›ืฉ ืข"ื™ ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ืฆื“ืงื”
12:59
to work with malaria.
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ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืžืœืจื™ื”.
13:02
And, long story short, again, they've been so successful.
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ื•ืฉื•ื‘, ื‘ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ, ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืžืื•ื“ ืžื•ืฆืœื—ื™ื.
13:05
In our first year, the first net went off the line in October of 2003.
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ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœื ื•, ื”ืจืฉืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื™ืฆืื” ืžืคืก ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2003.
13:10
We thought the hitting-it-out-of-the-box number was 150,000 nets a year.
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ื”ื”ืขืจื›ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื™ืชื” 150,000 ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื”.
13:15
This year, they are now producing eight million nets a year,
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ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ื ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื”,
13:18
and they employ 5,000 people, 90 percent of whom are women, mostly unskilled.
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ื•ืžืขืกื™ืงื™ื 5,000 ืื ืฉื™ื, 90 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ื ื ืฉื™ื, ืจื•ื‘ืŸ ืœืœื ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืžื•ืงื“ืžื™ื.
13:23
They're in a joint venture with Sumitomo.
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ื”ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื–ื ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืขื ืกื•ืžื™ื˜ื•ืžื•.
13:26
And so, from an enterprise perspective for Africa,
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ื•ื›ืš, ืžื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ื™ื–ืžื™ืช ื‘ืืคืจื™ืงื”,
13:29
and from a public health perspective, these are real successes.
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ื•ืžืคืจืกืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ืืœื• ื”ืŸ ื”ืฆืœื—ื•ืช ืืžื™ืชื™ื•ืช.
13:32
But it's only half the story if we're really looking at solving problems of poverty,
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื”ื• ืจืง ื—ืฆื™ ืžื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื ื™,
13:36
because it's not long-term sustainable.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื–ื” ืœื ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืจ-ืงื™ื™ืžื ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืืจื•ืš.
13:38
It's a company with one big customer.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื—ื‘ืจื” ืขื ืœืงื•ื— ืื—ื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
13:40
And if avian flu hits, or for any other reason
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ื•ืื ืฉืคืขืช ื”ืขื•ืคื•ืช ืชื›ื”, ืื• ืžื›ืœ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืื—ืจืช
13:44
the world decides that malaria is no longer as much of a priority, everybody loses.
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ื”ืขื•ืœื ื™ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืฉืžืœืจื™ื” ืื™ื ื” ืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ื•ืœื ื™ืคืกื™ื“ื•.
13:49
And so, Anuj and Acumen
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ื•ื›ืš, ืื ื•ื–' ื•ืืงื•ืžืŸ
13:52
have been talking about testing the private sector,
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ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™,
13:55
because the assumption that the aid establishment has made is that,
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื”ื ื—ื” ืฉืžื ื™ื—ื™ื ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ื”ืฆื“ืงื” ื”ื™ื
14:00
look, in a country like Tanzania,
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ืฉืชืจืื•, ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื›ืžื• ื˜ื ื–ื ื™ื”,
14:02
80 percent of the population makes less than two dollars a day.
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80 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ืžืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื” ืคื—ื•ืช ืž2 ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœื™ื•ื.
14:04
It costs, at manufacturing point, six dollars to produce these,
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ื”ื™ื (ื”ืจืฉืช) ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ, ืฉื™ืฉื” ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ
14:08
and it costs the establishment another six dollars to distribute it,
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ื•ืœืžื•ืกื“ ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืฉื” ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื™ืฅ ืื•ืชื”,
14:13
so the market price in a free market would be about 12 dollars per net.
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ื›ืš ืฉืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืฉื•ืง ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืจืš 12 ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื ืœื›ืœ ืจืฉืช.
14:17
Most people can't afford that, so let's give it away free.
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ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ืœืขืฆืžื ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื.
14:19
And we said, "Well, there's another option.
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ื•ืืžืจื ื•: "ื˜ื•ื‘, ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืื•ืคืฆื™ื”.
14:22
Let's use the market as the best listening device we have, and
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื›ืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ื”ืื–ื ื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื•,
14:25
understand at what price people would pay for this, so they get the dignity of choice.
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ื•ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื”ื• ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœืฉืœื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ืืช ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื”.
14:30
We can start building local distribution,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืงื™ื ืจืฉืช ื”ืคืฆื” ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช,
14:32
and actually, it can cost the public sector much less."
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคื—ื•ืช."
14:36
And so we came in with a second round of patient capital to A to Z,
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ืื– ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืขื ืกื‘ื‘ ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื’ื™ื•ืก ื”ื•ืŸ ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ืืจื•ืš ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ 'A to Z'
14:40
a loan as well as a grant, so that A to Z could play with pricing
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ื›ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ื•ื’ื ื›ืžืขื ืง, ื›ืš ืฉ'A to Z' ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉื—ืง ืขื ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื
14:44
and listen to the marketplace, and found a number of things.
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ื•ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ ืœืฉื•ืง ื•ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
14:47
One, that people will pay different prices,
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ืจืืฉื™ืช, ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืฉืœืžื• ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื,
14:49
but the overwhelming number of people will come forth at one dollar per net
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ื’ื™ืขื• ืขื ื“ื•ืœืจ ืื—ื“ ืœืจืฉืช
14:53
and make a decision to buy it.
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ื•ื™ืขืฉื• ืืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืœืงื ื•ืช ืื•ืชื”.
14:55
And when you listen to them, they'll also have a lot to say
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ื•ื›ืฉืชืงืฉื™ื‘ ืœื”ื, ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ื’ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืœื•ืžืจ
14:58
about what they like and what they don't like.
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ืžื” ื”ื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ืžื” ื”ื ืœื,
15:00
And that some of the channels we thought would work didn't work.
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ื•ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืขืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื—ืฉื‘ื ื• ืฉื™ืขื‘ื“ื•, ืœื ืขื‘ื“ื•.
15:04
But because of this experimentation and iteration that was allowed
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื”ืชื ืกื•ืช ื•ื”ื—ื–ืจื” ืขืœื™ื” ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืืคืฉืจื™ืช
15:07
because of the patient capital,
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ื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื”ื•ืŸ ืœื˜ื•ื•ื—-ืืจื•ืš,
15:09
we've now found that it costs about a dollar in the private sector
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ื’ื™ืœื™ื ื• ื›ื™ ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืจืš ื“ื•ืœืจ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ืคืจื˜ื™
15:12
to distribute, and a dollar to buy the net.
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ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื”ืคืฆื”, ื•ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœืงื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืจืฉืช.
15:14
So then, from a policy perspective, when you start with the market,
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ื•ื›ืš, ืžืคืจืกืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช, ื›ืฉืืชื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื ื”ืฉื•ืง,
15:18
we have a choice.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื‘ืจื™ืจื”.
15:19
We can continue going along at 12 dollars a net, and the customer pays zero,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืขื 12 ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœืจืฉืช, ื•ื”ืœืงื•ื— ื™ืืžืจ ืืคืก
15:25
or we could at least experiment with some of it, to charge one dollar a net,
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ืื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืœื”ืชื ืกื•ืช ืขื ื—ืœืงื ื•ืœื’ื‘ื•ืช ื“ื•ืœืจ ืื—ื“ ืœืจืฉืช,
15:31
costing the public sector another six dollars a net,
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื™ืฉืœื ืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ืฉื” ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื ืœืจืฉืช,
15:34
give the people the dignity of choice, and have a distribution system
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ืœืชืช ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื”, ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืคืฆื”
15:38
that might, over time, start sustaining itself.
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื”, ืขื ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ืœืฉืืช ื‘ื ื˜ืœ ืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื”.
15:41
We've got to start having conversations like this,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื›ืืœื•,
15:43
and I don't think there's any better way to start than using the market,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื“ืจืš ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืฉื•ืง,
15:47
but also to bring other people to the table around it.
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ื•ื’ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืœืชื•ื›ื•.
15:51
Whenever I go to visit A to Z, I think of my grandmother, Stella.
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ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉืื ื™ ืžื‘ืงืจืช ื‘'A to Z', ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืขืœ ืกื‘ืชื ืฉืœื™, ืกื˜ืœื”.
15:58
She was very much like those women sitting behind the sewing machines.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืžืื•ื“ ืœื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื• ืฉื™ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืชืคื™ืจื”.
16:03
She grew up on a farm in Austria, very poor,
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ื”ื™ื ื’ื“ืœื” ื‘ื—ื•ื•ื” ื‘ืื•ืกื˜ืจื™ื”, ืขื ื™ื™ื” ืžืื•ื“,
16:05
didn't have very much education.
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ื•ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ื”ืฉื›ืœื”.
16:07
She moved to the United States, where she met my grandfather,
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ื”ื™ื ืขื‘ืจื” ืœืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืคื’ืฉื” ืืช ืกื‘ื ืฉืœื™
16:09
who was a cement hauler,
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ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸ,
16:11
and they had nine children. Three of them died as babies.
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ื•ื”ื ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืœืขื•ืœื ืชืฉืขื” ื™ืœื“ื™ื. ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžื”ื ืžืชื• ื›ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช.
16:17
My grandmother had tuberculosis, and she worked in a sewing machine shop,
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ืœืกื‘ืชื ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ืช ืฉื—ืคืช, ื•ื”ื™ื ืขื‘ื“ื” ื‘ื—ื ื•ืช ืชืคื™ืจื”
16:20
making shirts for about 10 cents an hour.
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ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื›ื™ื ื” ื—ื•ืœืฆื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ 10 ืกื ื˜ ืœืฉืขื”.
16:23
She, like so many of the women I see at A to Z,
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ื”ื™ื, ื›ืžื• ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื”ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ื‘'A to Z',
16:27
worked hard every day, understood what suffering was,
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ืขื‘ื“ื” ืงืฉื” ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื, ื”ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžื”ื• ืกื‘ืœ,
16:30
had a deep faith in God, loved her children
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ื”ืืžื™ื ื” ืขืžื•ืงื•ืช ื‘ืืœื•ื”ื™ื, ืื”ื‘ื” ืืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื”
16:33
and would never have accepted a handout.
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ื•ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืงื‘ืœืช ืฆื“ืงื”.
16:36
But because she had the opportunity of the marketplace,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืœื” ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ืง ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™
16:40
and she lived in a society that provided the safety
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื—ื™ื” ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉื”ืขื ื™ืงื” ืืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ
16:43
of having access to affordable health and education,
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ืฉื‘ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ืœื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืฉื”ื™ื ื™ื›ืœื” ืœื”ืจืฉืช ืœืขืฆืžื”,
16:47
her children and their children were able to live
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ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื” ื•ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ื™ื•ืช
16:51
lives of real purpose and follow real dreams.
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ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืชื›ืœื™ืช ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ื•ืœืจื“ื•ืฃ ืื—ืจ ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื.
16:54
I look around at my siblings and my cousins -- and as I said,
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ืื ื™ ืžืกืชื›ืœืช ืขืœ ืื—ื™ื™ ื•ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื“ื•ื“ื™ื™ -- ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืืžืจืชื™,
16:58
there are a lot of us --
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ื™ืฉ ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืื™ืชื ื• --
17:00
and I see teachers and musicians, hedge fund managers, designers.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ืžื•ืจื™ื ื•ืžื•ืกื™ืงืื™ื, ืžื ื”ืœื™ ืงืจื ื•ืช ื”ื•ืŸ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ, ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื,
17:06
One sister who makes other people's wishes come true.
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ืื—ื•ืช ืื—ืช ืฉืžื’ืฉื™ืžื” ืžืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื—ืจื™ื.
17:09
And my wish, when I see those women, I meet those farmers,
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ื•ื”ืžืฉืืœื” ืฉืœื™, ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ืืช ืื•ืชืŸ ื ืฉื™ื, ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืคื•ื’ืฉืช ืืช ืื•ืชื ื—ืงืœืื™ื
17:14
and I think about all the people across this continent
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืื•ืชื ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ื™ื‘ืฉืช
17:17
who are working hard every day,
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ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืงืฉื™ื ืžื“ื™ ื™ื•ื
17:19
is that they have that sense of opportunity and possibility,
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ื”ื™ื ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ืืช ืื•ืชื” ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ื•ืืคืฉืจื•ืช,
17:23
and that they also can believe and get access to services,
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ื•ืฉื”ื ื’ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื
17:28
so that their children, too, can live those lives of great purpose.
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ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืœื“ื™ื”ื ื’ื ื›ืŸ ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื”.
17:32
It shouldn't be that difficult.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงืฉื”.
17:34
But what it takes is a commitment from all of us
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉื™ื™ื“ืจืฉ ื”ื•ื ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžื›ื•ืœื ื•,
17:38
to essentially refuse trite assumptions,
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ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกืจื‘ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœื”ื ื—ื•ืช ื ื“ื•ืฉื•ืช,
17:42
get out of our ideological boxes.
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ื•ืœืฆืืช ืžื”ืงื•ืคืกืื•ืช ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
17:45
It takes investing in those entrepreneurs that are committed
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ื–ื” ื™ื“ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื‘ื™ื–ืžื™ื ืฉืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื™ื
17:48
to service as well as to success.
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ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืœื”ืฆืœื—ื”.
17:52
It takes opening your arms, both, wide,
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ื–ื” ื™ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืคืชื™ื—ื”, ืจื—ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืฉืชื™ ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื
17:55
and expecting very little love in return,
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ืชื•ืš ืฆื™ืคื™ื” ืžื•ืขื˜ื” ืœืื”ื‘ื” ื‘ื—ื–ืจื”,
17:58
but demanding accountability,
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ืื‘ืœ ืชื•ืš ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ืœืื—ืจื™ื•ืช
18:00
and bringing the accountability to the table as well.
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ื•ื”ื‘ืืช ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืœืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ื’ื ื›ืŸ.
18:03
And most of all, most of all,
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ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ, ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ,
18:06
it requires that all of us have the courage and the patience,
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ื–ื” ื™ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืฉืœื›ื•ืœื ื• ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ืื•ืžืฅ ื•ื”ืกื‘ืœื ื•ืช,
18:10
whether we are rich or poor, African or non-African,
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ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ืื• ืขื ื™ื™ื, ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ื ืื• ืœื ืืคืจื™ืงืื™ื,
18:13
local or diaspora, left or right,
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ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ืื• ืžื”ื’ื•ืœื”, ื™ืžื ื™ื™ื ืื• ืฉืžืœืื ื™ื™ื,
18:16
to really start listening to each other.
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ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื•ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ ืื—ื“ ืœืฉื ื™.
18:18
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื”.
18:20
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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